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The Industrial Metaverse provides unparalleled prospects for increasing productivity and efficiency across multiple sectors. As wireless sensor networks play an important role in data collection and transmission within this ecosystem, preserving context privacy becomes critical to protecting sensitive information. This paper investigates the issue of context privacy preservation for user validation via AccesSensor in the Industrial Metaverse and presents a technological method to address it. We explore the need for context privacy, look at existing privacy preservation solutions, and propose novel user validation methods that are customized to the Industrial Metaverse's access system. This method is evaluated on time-based efficiency, privacy method and bandwidth utilization. Our method performs better as compared to the DPSensor. Our research seeks to provide insights and recommendations for developing strong privacy protection methods in wireless sensor networks that operate within the Industrial Metaverse ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accretion of black holes at near-Eddington or super-Eddington rates represents the most powerful episode driving black hole growth, potentially occurring across various types of objects. However, the physics governing accretion and jet–disk coupling in such states remains unclear, primarily due to the difficulty in detecting associated jets, which may emit extremely weakly or exhibit episodic behavior. Only a few near/super-Eddington systems have demonstrated radio activity, and it remains uncertain whether jets exist and what their properties are in super-Eddington active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and ultraluminous X-ray sources. This uncertainty stems mainly from the complex radio emission mix, which includes contributions from jets, star formation activity, photoionized gas, accretion disk wind, and coronal activity. In this work, we conducted high-resolution, very long baseline interferometry observations to investigate jets in the highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert I system I Zw 1. Our observations successfully revealed small-scale jets (with a linear size of ∼45 pc) at both 1.5 and 5 GHz, based on the high radio brightness temperature, radio morphology, and spectral index distribution. Additionally, the parsec-scale jet observed in I Zw 1 displays a knotted morphology reminiscent of other sources accreting at similar rates. In summary, the high accretion rates and jet properties observed in the AGN I Zw 1 may support the AGN/X-ray binary analogy in this extreme state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Healable electronic skins, an essential component for future soft robotics, implantable bioelectronics, and smart wearable systems, necessitate self-healable and pliable materials that exhibit functionality at intricate interfaces. Although a plethora of self-healable materials have been developed, the fabrication of highly conformal biocompatible functional materials on complex biological surfaces remains a formidable challenge. Inspired by regenerative properties of skin, we present the self-assembled transfer-printable liquid metal epidermis (SALME), which possesses autonomous self-healing capabilities at the oil–water interface. SALME comprises a layer of surfactant-grafted liquid metal nanodroplets that spontaneously assemble at the oil–water interface within a few seconds. This unique self-assembly property facilitates rapid restoration (<10 s) of SALME following mechanical damage. In addition to its self-healing ability, SALME exhibits excellent shear resistance and can be seamlessly transferred to arbitrary hydrophilic/hydrophobic curved surfaces. The transferred SALME effectively preserves submicron-scale surface textures on biological substrates, thus displaying tremendous potential for future epidermal bioelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of rubber bitumen (RB) modification mechanisms, factors affecting storage stability, and characterization methods. The focus is on summarizing the methods to improve the storage stability of RB. Results indicate that the modification of RB primarily involves swelling and degradation. The settling velocity of crumb rubber (CR) is influenced by the particle size, density, and bitumen viscosity. To evaluate the storage stability of modified bitumen, widely applicable and preferred methods include softening point and rheological property tests. The storage stability of RB can be improved by increasing the swelling rate of CR, promoting crosslinking between CR and bitumen, and reducing CR agglomeration. Commonly used improvement methods include CR selection, the Terminal Blend (TB) curing process, adding modifiers, solubilization blending, the screw extrusion process (SEP), chemical reagent activation, and physical energy activation. The TB curing and SEP are more suitable for engineering-scale applications and yield improved results. However, high production temperatures may compromise the mechanical properties of CR, leading to drawbacks such as high energy consumption and environmental pollution, a problem requiring further exploration. Utilizing bitumen analogs rich in aromatic fractions as solubilizers for CR pretreatment has emerged as an effective option, offering advantages such as simplicity, resource conservation, and favorable improvements. Future research should focus on a deeper investigation of these processes. [Display omitted] • Methods to improve the compatibility of crumb rubber with bitumen are summarized. • Different characterization methods for storage stability are evaluated. • Reducing the crosslink density of rubber improves rubber bitumen storage stability. • Solubilization blending can be considered a sustainable and capable approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image dehazing is an improtant image pre-processing step for many computer vision tasks with many proposed methods using convolutional neural networks. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) are a powerful mathematical tool in social and natural science, leading to better understanding, prediction, and use of information systems. Because prior knowledge has demonstrated its effectiveness in many practical domains, we design a Visual Attention Network (VAN) and an ODE-inspired Network (ODEN) based on prior knowledge. Then, we develop a multi-model fuzzy fusion strategy, which integrates results predicted by the prior-based Visual Attention Network (VAN) and the ODE-inspired Network (ODEN) into a single network to leverage their respective strengths in improving the dehazing performance. First, to utilize the haze-related prior for dehazing, the VAN removes haze with the help of the haze attention map. Then, to improve performance of stacked residual blocks inspired by the first-order Euler method in ODE-based methods, the ODEN is built by only 3 Runge–Kutta Modules (RKM), each of which not only is related to the stable fourth-order Runge–Kutta method implemented in the Runge–Kutta Block (RKB), but also combines the RKB with an attention mechanism. Finally, an attention based fusion mechanism is used to fuse results estimated by the ODEN and the VAN based on the multi-level features extracted by a pretrained ResNeXt. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual effects and accuracy. The average PSNR and SSIM on three public datasets are 31.36 and 0.9766, respectively, which are better than the compared state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion bonding of YG8 cemented carbide and 40Cr steel was performed using spark plasma sintering with Ni powder as the interlayer. The influence of bonding temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100 °C on the bonding interface morphology, mechanical properties, and failure mechanism of the joints was studied. By calculating the diffusion coefficients of Ni and Fe and observing the changes in the interface morphology, the pores at the Ni/40Cr interfaces were identified as Kirkendall voids formed because of the unbalanced diffusion of Ni and Fe. The diffusion activation energy of Ni in Fe was 87.37 kJ/mol, and that of Fe in Ni was 58.08 kJ/mol. The use of a pulsed current significantly reduced the diffusion activation energy, making diffusion easier. The bending strength of the joints increased sharply in the range from 700 to 900 °C, subsequently increased slowly, and tended to stabilise in the range from 900 to 1100 °C. The highest bending strength of 1080 MPa was achieved for the joint bonded at 1100 °C, which was attributed to the improved bonding of the YG8/Ni and Ni/40Cr interfaces and the resulting effects of the interlayer plastic constraint. The thickness of the Co Ni diffusion zone at the YG8/Ni interface appeared to form a decisive factor in determining the failure locations of the joints. As the bonding temperature increased, the improved diffusion of Co and Ni enhanced the metallurgical bonding of the YG8/Ni interface, and the fracture position shifted from the polished surface of the YG8 base material (700 °C) to the Ni interlayer (1100 °C). • Effect of bonding temperature on the welding of YG8/40Cr joints is studied. • The welding morphology and failure mechanism of YG8/40Cr joints are investigated. • The bending strength of YG8/40Cr joint in this work reaches up to 1080 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Traditional two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange(EL) underestimates the drag force and fails in supersonic flow laden finite-size particles. • An upward weighted average method is implemented for E to L coupling to well restore the actual and undisturbed gas-phase quantities acting on particles. • An upward mix-gaussian function is proposed for L to E coupling to reproduce the shock and wake zone of particle in terms of the kernel widths commended. • The modified method not only allows to track arbitrary finite-size particles, but also improves the accuracy of classical PSIC-EL in supersonic flow. In Euler-Lagrange (EL) framework, the Gauss kernel (GK) is usually introduced to avoid Dirac source disturbance of traditional particle-in-cell (PIC) method in subsonic regime. This work investigates the applicability and limitations of PIC-two-way coupling and GK for finite-size particles subjected to supersonic and dilute regime. Results indicate that the source disturbance of GK always peaks at the symmetric center of GK causing a suboptimal shock and ignoring wake in supersonic regime. Meanwhile, classical PIC-interpolation underestimates the drag force on particles due to shock and finite-size effects. To circumvent those issues, a modified coupling method utilizing upstream weighting averaged method and mix-gaussian kernel is proposed to optimize Euler-to-Lagrange coupling and Lagrange-to-Euler coupling, respectively. The modified method not only allows for accurate tracking of arbitrary finite-size particles in supersonic flows but also restores the undisturbed laden flow quantities exerting on particles. Shock and wake zone are reproduced before and after the particle based on recommended parameters. Furthermore, the modified method is validated using a particle-pair exposed to supersonic flow referred from Utkin's experiment(Utkin et al., 2021), and shows excellent agreement. Providing new insight into comprehending for two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange to simulate finite-size particles laden by supersonic flow. Dimensionless pressure and streamwise velocity using different two-way coupling methods [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure of bisphenol compounds in the natural environment causes various problems and poses a severe threat to aquatic life and human health. Herein, we used the coprecipitation-calcination method to synthesize cobalt manganese oxide (CoMn 2 O 4) catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to quickly and efficiently degrade bisphenol A (BPA), a representative bisphenol compound. The results showed that under pH=7, CoMn 2 O 4 (0.1 g/L) completely removed 0.14 mM BPA within 40 min, and the rate constant was 0.190 min−1. Meanwhile, the effect of different operational parameters and inorganic anions on BPA degradation were also investigated. CoMn 2 O 4 has great environmental tolerance and exhibits excellent performance in a wide pH range (3−9) and in the presence of multiple anions. The CoMn 2 O 4 catalyst has superior catalytic stability to most metal oxide catalysts. After five cycles, CoMn 2 O 4 still showed good reactivity, with a degradation efficiency decrease of 1.5%. The leaching amounts of Co and Mn ions are extremely low, being 0.0077 mg/L and 0.0204 mg/L, respectively. The quenching experiments and EPR test indicated that SO 4 •−, •OH, O 2 •−, and 1O 2 were generated in CoMn 2 O 4 /PMS system, and 1O 2 played a dominant role in BPA degradation. In this work, we have studied a catalyst preparation method, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity, environmental tolerance, and stability, providing a promising choice for practical water environment purification. [Display omitted] • Stable MOF derived CoMn 2 O 4 was synthesized by co-precipitation and calcination method. • CoMn 2 O 4 activates PMS to produce 1O 2 , SO 4 •−, •OH, and O 2 •−. • CoMn 2 O 4 effectively degrades BPA in the presence of various inorganic anions. • The efficiency of CoMn 2 O 4 only decreases by 1.5% after five cycles, and metal leaching is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the influence of carbonation treatment on the rebound strength measurement curve of machine-made sand concrete, this study conducted research on the carbonation mechanism sand concrete rebound strength measurement curve through rebound and compressive strength tests using carbonation degree and concrete strength grade as control variables. The results showed that in the short aging period, carbonation treatment had little effect on the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete but could cause an increase in the rebound value measured by the high-strength and heavy rebound hammers. As the strength grade of the manufactured sand concrete increased, the rebound value measured by both the high-strength and heavy rebound hammers increased accordingly. Compared with the high-strength rebound hammer, the heavy rebound hammer had higher accuracy in detecting the rebound of the carbonated manufactured sand concrete. This study established measurement curves for uncorrected and corrected carbonation depths, among which the accuracy of the corrected carbonation depth measurement curve was higher. At the same time, this measurement curve has been applied to the rebound test of the Pinglu Canal Extra-Large Bridge Project in Guangxi, China, and its practicality and reliability have been verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in governing various biological processes during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Within this pathway, upstream signaling stimuli activate a core kinase cascade, involving MST1/2 and LATS1/2, that subsequently phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional co-activators YAP and its paralog TAZ. This inhibition modulates the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes, impacting cell proliferation, migration, and death. Despite the acknowledged significance of protein kinases in the Hippo pathway, the regulatory influence of protein phosphatases remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted the first gain-of-functional screen for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulating the Hippo pathway. Utilizing a LATS kinase biosensor (LATS-BS), a YAP/TAZ activity reporter (STBS-Luc), and a comprehensive PTP library, we identified numerous novel PTPs that play regulatory roles in the Hippo pathway. Subsequent experiments validated PTPN12, a master regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of the Hippo pathway effectors, oncogenic YAP/TAZ, influencing breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our findings offer valuable insights into the roles of PTPs in the Hippo signaling pathway, significantly contributing to our understanding of breast cancer biology and potential therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid tumours can universally evade contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP), a mechanism halting cell proliferation when cell–cell contact occurs. Merlin, an ERM-like protein, crucially regulates CIP and is frequently deactivated in various cancers, indicating its significance as a tumour suppressor in cancer biology. Despite extensive investigations into Merlin's role in cancer, its lack of intrinsic catalytic activity and frequent conformation changes have made it notoriously challenging to study. To address this challenge, we harnessed innovative luciferase technologies to create and validate a NanoBiT split-luciferase biosensor system in which Merlin is cloned between two split components (LgBiT and SmBiT) of NanoLuc luciferase. This system enables precise quantification of Merlin's conformation and activity both in vitro and within living cells. This biosensor significantly enhances the study of Merlin's molecular functions, serving as a potent tool for exploring its contributions to CIP and tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far-red light exerts an important regulatory influence on plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms underlying far-red light regulation of morphogenesis and photosynthetic characteristics in blueberry plantlets in vitro have remained elusive. Here, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on blueberry plantlets in vitro supplemented with far-red light. The results indicated that supplementation with low far-red light, such as 6 μmol m−2 s−1 and 14 μmol m−2 s−1 far-red (6FR and 14FR) light treatments, significantly increased proliferation-related indicators, including shoot length, shoot number, gibberellin A3, and trans-zeatin riboside content. It was found that 6FR and 14 FR significantly reduced chlorophyll content in blueberry plantlets but enhanced electron transport rates. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed the enrichment of iron ion-related genes in modules associated with photosynthesis. Genes such as NAC, ABCG11, GASA1, and Erf74 were significantly enriched within the proliferation-related module. Taken together, we conclude that low far-red light can promote the proliferative capacity of blueberry plantlets in vitro by affecting hormone pathways and the formation of secondary cell walls, concurrently regulating chlorophyll content and iron ion homeostasis to affect photosynthetic capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying critical links is of great importance for ensuring the safety of the cyber-physical power system. Traditional electrical betweenness only considers power flow distribution on the link itself, while ignoring the local influence of neighborhood links and the coupled reaction of information flow on energy flow. An identification method based on electrical betweenness centrality and neighborhood similarity is proposed to consider the internal power flow dynamic influence existing in multi-neighborhood nodes and the topological structure interdependence between power nodes and communication nodes. Firstly, for the power network, the electrical topological overlap is proposed to quantify the vulnerability of the links. This approach comprehensively considers the local contribution of neighborhood nodes, power transmission characteristics, generator capacity, and load. Secondly, in communication networks, effective distance closeness centrality is defined to evaluate the importance of communication links, simultaneously taking into account factors such as the information equipment function and spatial relationships. Next, under the influence of coupled factors, a comprehensive model is constructed based on the dependency relationships between information flow and energy flow to more accurately assess the critical links in the power network. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method under dynamic and static attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The laying hen industry plays an important role in the production value of the Chinese poultry industry, and the laying performance of hens is usually closely related to their follicle development. Studying the changes in the physicochemical state of the granulosa cells of laying hens during follicle development is helpful to better understand the order of development, which is of great significance in guiding laying hen breeding and production. In this study, transcriptome sequencing technology was used to reveal key regulatory genes in the follicular development of laying hens, and several potential target genes were screened. At the same time, we found that granulosa cell proliferation occurs mainly in the pre-hierarchical follicular period, whereas in the preovulatory period, granulosa cells complete their differentiation and begin to take on complex biological cell functions, including the synthesis of steroid hormones. Furthermore, as pre-hierarchical follicle granulosa cells progress to preovulatory follicle granulosa cells, the genes associated with steroid hormone synthesis increase dramatically, suggesting that steroid hormones play a critical role in follicle development. In this study, we aimed to better understand the difference between the functions of the two types of granulosa cells and sought to discover more key genes involved in follicle development and follicle selection. Herein, we separately collected pre-hierarchical follicle granulosa cells (PHGCs) and preovulatory follicle granulosa cells (POGCs) for RNA extraction; the transcriptomes of the two groups were compared via RNA-seq. A total of 5273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the PHGCs and POGCs; 2797 genes were up-regulated and 2476 were down-regulated in the PHGCs compared with the POGCs. A qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of 16 randomly selected DEGs were highly consistent with the RNA-seq results. In the POGCs, many of the genes with the most significant increase in expression were related to steroid hormone synthesis. In addition, the genes with the most significant decline in expression, including AMH and WT1, were related to the inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis. These results suggest that steroid hormones play a key role in follicle development. Furthermore, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the primary metabolic process, the carbohydrate metabolic process, the cellular process, ribosomes, the cytoplasm, and intracellular processes. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, ribosomes, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and so on. We also observed the morphology of the follicles at different developmental stages, and the results showed that the thickness of the granular layer of the small yellow follicles (SYFs) decreased significantly with further development. In addition, we also found that the thickness of the granulosa layer of hens over 300 days old was significantly lower than that of 200-day-old hens. In short, these data indicate that the tissue morphology and function of granulosa cells change throughout follicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of multifunctional enzymes in living organisms with metabolic and detoxification functions, which can detoxify exogenous and endogenous compounds and thereby reduce the damage caused by toxic substances to the body. Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens, and the characterization of tick-derived GSTs may help improve current understanding of the molecular mechanism of tick resistance to insecticides. In this study, a novel GST gene, named HrGSTm1, was identified from Hyalomma rufipes. Methods: Sequence analysis was performed by using bioinformatics techniques. A prokaryotic expression system was used to obtain the recombinant expression protein rHrGSTm1. Detection of spatiotemporal expression patterns of target genes and their response to the toxicity of cyhalothrin on female H. rufipes was performed by using a quantitative PCR platform. The optimal enzymological parameters of rHrGSTm1 using glutathione as substrate were calculated. The antioxidant capacity of the recombinant protein was evaluated by DPPH• (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl). Knockdown of the HrGSTm1 genes through RNA interference was used to analyze their effects on the physiological parameters of ticks. The changes in HrGSTm1 messenger RNA expression patterns under cypermethrin stress were analyzed. Results: The complementary DNA sequence of HrGSTm1 contained a 672-bp open reading frame, which potentially encoded 223 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight was 25.62 kDa, and the isoelectric point 8.22. HrGSTm1 is a Mu-class GST, belonging to the cytoplasmic GSTs with no signal peptide observed. The Vmax and Km of rHrGSTm1 were 3.367 ± 0.81 uM and 2.208 ± 0.76 uM, respectively, and its activities were dependent on different temperatures and pH conditions; the scavenging rate of rHrGSTm1 to DPPH• reached 76.4% at 1.25 mg/ml. Variable expressions of HrGSTm1 were observed under various treatment periods and in different tissues, with the highest appearing in eggs (analysis of variance [ANOVA], F(2, 9) = 279.9, P < 0.0001) and Malpighian tubules (ANOVA, F(3, 12) = 290.5, P < 0.0001). After knockdown of HrGSTm1, compared with the control group, the mortality in the treatment group was increased by 16.7%, the average oviposition rate decreased by 33.9%, the average engorged body weight decreased by 287.38 mg and egg weight decreased by 127.46 mg, although only the engorged body weight was significantly different (t-test, t(44) = 2.886, P = 0.006). After exposure to three sublethal concentrations (LC05, LC10, LC50) of cyhalothrin, the expression level of HrGSTm1 in the midgut, ovary and salivary gland was upregulated, whereas in Malpighian tubules, it showed a trend of upregulation at first and then downregulation, implying different functions during the detoxification in different tissues. Conclusions: In this study, a novel GST of the Mu-class was successfully isolated from H. rufipes and systematically subjected to bioinformatic analysis and recombination identification. The variation trend of HrGSTm1 expression level in different tissues suggests that the gene has different detoxification functions in different tissues. The potential function of this gene was analyzed to provide basic research for further investigation of its detoxification mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 -induced ocean acidification and warming pose ecological threats to marine life, especially calcifying species such as echinoderms, who rely on biomineralization for skeleton formation. However, previous studies on echinoderm calcification amid climate change had a strong bias towards heavily calcified echinoderms, with little research on lightly calcified ones, such as sea cucumbers. Here, we analyzed the embryo-larval development and their biomineralization–related gene expression of a lightly calcified echinoderm, the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), under experimental seawater acidification (OA) and/or warming (OW). Results showed that OA (– 0.37 units) delayed development and decreased body size (8.58–56.25 % and 0.36–19.66 % decreases in stage duration and body length, respectively), whereas OW (+3.1 °C) accelerated development and increased body size (33.99–55.28 % increase in stage duration and 2.44–14.41 % enlargement in body length). OW buffered the negative effects of OA on the development timing and body size of A. japonicus. Additionally, no target genes were expressed in the blastula stage, and only two biomineralization genes (colp3α , cyp2) and five TFs (erg , tgif , foxN2/3 , gata1/2/3, and tbr) were expressed throughout the embryo-larval development. Our findings suggest that the low calcification in A. japonicus larvae may be caused by biomineralization genes contraction, and low expression of those genes. Furthermore, this study indicated that seawater acidification and warming affect expression of biomineralization-related genes, and had an effect on body size and development rate during the embryo-larval stage in sea cucumbers. Our study is a first step toward a better understanding of the complexity of high p CO 2 on calcification and helpful for revealing the adaptive strategy of less-calcified echinoderms amid climate change. [Display omitted] • A skeletogenic GRN in early development of holothurians was speculated. • Ocean acidification and warming affect biomineralization-related genes expression. • Acidification delayed development and shortened body length. • Warming mitigated negative effects of acidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atomic dispersed heterogeneous catalysts are attracting much research interests. Recently, multiple active sites (two, three or even more) exhibits all-round characters for regulation of intrinsic active sites. However, depth exploration of multiple active sites in persulfate activation etc fenton-like advanced oxidation process is still in its infancy. Herein, binary atomic dispersed active sites anchored in visible-light-responsive carbon nitride Co-Mn/CN catalyst was designed representatively. The characterization and theory calculation clarified the coordination environment of metallic center atoms and confirms its CoN4-MnN2 moiety. The unique coordinated geometry on the one hand highlights the synergy effect between photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, on the other hand promotes the form of metastable metal-PMS complex and subsequent activation process. Furthermore, the catalysts present efficient application to purify the oil spill pollutes water considering water quality, pH and durability etc. This work sheds light on the rational regulation of diatomic sites in photo-Fenton-like catalysts. [Display omitted] • Co-Mn/CN DACs (diatomic catalyst) was designed and synthesized. • The presence of CoN4-MnN2 moiety is clarified by XAFs and DFT results. • Binary metal atomic sites promote form of metastable DACs-PMS complex. • DACs presented the round-the-clock catalytic behavior for oil spill degradation. • Radical and non-radical path in illumination and dark condition were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mass transfer rate of gas and water molecules can be controlled by anti-agglomerant monolayers. • High density anti-agglomerant monolayers can hinder the flattening and diffusion of droplet on the hydrate surface. • The tightness of the binding between anti-agglomerant molecules is enhanced by high-density monolayers. • The adsorption strength of monolayer on hydrate surface of is closely related to Coulomb interaction and h-bonds. Anti-agglomerants (AAs) have been recognized as an effective method for gas hydrate risk management in oil and gas pipelines. However, a limitation of AAs is their poor inhibitory effect on hydrate growth and aggregation in gas–water systems. In addition, the density of the AAs monolayer is considered one of the main factors affecting the growth and aggregation of hydrate particles, but the mechanism of this effects remains unclear. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the effects of anti-agglomerant (cocamidopropyl dimethylamine) monolayers with different densities on hydrate growth and the wetting behavior of hydrate surface. The results revealed that AA monolayers primarily suppress hydrate growth and reduce the wetted area by modulating mass transfer processes of gas and water molecules. The high-density monolayer can effectively hinder the flattening and diffusion of droplet on the hydrate surface due to its ability to maintain the aggregation state of water molecules and reduce the contact area between droplet and hydrates. The high-density AA monolayers simultaneously enhance the bonding strength between the monolayer and the hydrate, as well as the intermolecular interactions between AA molecules. The Coulomb interaction and h-bonds make the main contributions to the binding strength. Therefore, enhancing the adsorption density of AAs on the hydrate surface and the binding strength between AA molecules in the gas–water system should serve as a strategic approach in designing efficient AAs. These molecular insights on the anti-agglomeration mechanism are beneficial to guide the screening and design of efficient AAs molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]