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2. Feature Papers to Celebrate the Inaugural Issue of Standards
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- 2024
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3. Feature Papers in Drug Toxicity
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- 2024
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4. Feature Papers in Stem Cells
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- 2024
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5. 10th Anniversary of Coatings: Invited Papers in "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification" Section
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- 2024
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6. Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors: Selected Papers from ICANS 29
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- 2024
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7. Feature Papers in Section Biosensors 2023
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- 2024
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8. Feature Papers for Land Innovations – Data and Machine Learning
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- 2024
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9. 2021 Feature Papers by Diversity’s Editorial Board Members
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- 2024
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10. 2021 Feature Papers by Diversity’s Editorial Board Members
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- 2024
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11. Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Its Potential Application in the Paper Coating Industry as an Alternative for PFAS-Coated Paper and Single-Use Plastics.
- Author
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Hamdani, Syeda Shamila, Elkholy, Hazem M., Alford, Alexandra, Jackson, Kang, Naveed, Muhammad, Wyman, Ian, Wang, Yun, Li, Kecheng, Haider, Syed W., and Rabnawaz, Muhammad
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SINGLE-use plastics ,PAPER industry ,KRAFT paper ,COATINGS industry ,PAPER recycling ,PLASTIC marine debris ,FLUOROALKYL compounds ,BIODEGRADABLE plastics - Abstract
Polyethylene-, polyvinylidene chloride-, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-coated paper generate microplastics or fluorochemicals in the environment. Here, we report an approach for the development of oil-resistant papers using an environmentally friendly, fluorine-free, water-dispersible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on kraft paper. Carboxylic-functionalized PDMS (PDMS-COOH) was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with ammonium bicarbonate to obtain a waterborne emulsion, which was then coated onto kraft paper. The water resistance of the coated paper was determined via Cobb60 measurements. The Cobb60 value was reduced to 2.70 ± 0.14 g/m
2 as compared to 87.6 ± 5.1 g/m2 for uncoated paper, suggesting a remarkable improvement in water resistance. Similarly, oil resistance was found to be 12/12 on the kit test scale versus 0/12 for uncoated paper. In addition, the coated paper retained 70–90% of its inherent mechanical properties, and more importantly, the coated paper was recycled via pulp recovery using a standard protocol with a 91.1% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Research on Strengthening Fragile Paper with Polyvinylamine.
- Author
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Li, Jing, Shi, Meirong, Li, Yuhu, and Fu, Peng
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FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
Paper documents are an important carrier of information related to human civilization, with the reinforcement and protection of fragile paper documents being a key aspect of their protection. This research utilized amphoteric polyvinylamine polymer as a paper reinforcement agent, strengthening the Xuan paper commonly used in paper documents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state 13C NMR, and other analytical methods were employed to compare the physical properties, micro-morphology, crystallinity, and aging resistance of the paper before and after reinforcement. Research was conducted on the effects of reinforcement, the aging resistance, and the effects on the fiber structure. The results indicate that polyethylenimine has a filling and bridging effect between the paper fibers. After treatment with polyethylenimine, there was a significant improvement in the folding endurance and tensile strength of the paper. Additionally, the paper maintains a good mechanical strength even after undergoing dry heat and humid aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Feasibility Study on Biodegradable Black Paper-Based Film Solidified Using Cooked Tung Oil.
- Author
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Wu, Yi, Shi, Yicheng, Zhao, Yudie, and Yin, Yu
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BLACK films ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,HEAT conduction ,HYDROPHOBIC surfaces ,CONTACT angle ,CARBON-black ,BIODEGRADABLE plastics - Abstract
New biodegradable paper-based films are a hot research topic in the development of green agriculture. In this study, a black paper-based film coated with cooked tung oil with excellent mechanical properties, a hydrophobic surface, high heat transfer and strong weather resistance was prepared by spraying high-pigment carbon black solution on the surface of base paper. The results showed that the surface-solidified oil film had a rough structure produced via the brush coating process using cooked tung oil. The base film of the black paper had a given hydrophobic structure, and the contact angle reached 98.9°. Cooked tung oil permeates into the inside of the paper base, and after curing, it forms a multi-dimensional network film structure. The maximum tensile stress of the black paper base film is about 123% higher than that of the original paper base film. The coloring of carbon black gives the black paper base film a heat conduction effect, and the average heat transfer rate reaches 15.12 °C/s. Cooked tung oil is combined with the paper-based fiber high-toughness layer to form a stable system. The existence of a cured film improves the basic mechanics and hydrophobicity, and the resistance to ultraviolet radiation and hot air is greatly improved. This study provides a feasible scheme for the application of a black paper base film coated with cooked tung oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Monitoring of Cleaning Treatments for Paper Heritage with Raman Spectroscopy Mapping.
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Botti, Sabina, Bonfigli, Francesca, Mezi, Luca, and Flora, Francesco
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RAMAN spectroscopy ,PAPER products ,CLEANING ,SPECTRAL imaging - Abstract
In the field of book heritage, it is important to develop cleaning/disinfecting treatments that can slow down the degradation of paper to prevent evident and irreversible damage. The objectives of the cleaning treatments are to remove external contaminants and oxidation and decomposition products of the paper, but these processes must not modify the unique characteristics of the book heritage resulting in irreversible changes in the structure of the paper. Recently, several innovative cleaning treatments were developed with the aim of being minimally invasive; however, to assess the effect of these treatments on paper, it is necessary to use a diagnostic non-destructive, rapid, and affordable process. In previous work, we used surface scanning Raman spectroscopy to develop a diagnostic protocol able to follow the aging processes of the paper, discriminating between hydrolysis and oxidation. In this paper, we applied this protocol to study the action of different types of treatments (hydrogel and EUV irradiation), evaluating both their effectiveness and impact on paper parameters. The results reported here demonstrate that the developed in operando diagnostic procedure can follow the changes in the paper structure comparing them to the variability due to the intrinsic inhomogeneity of paper, without sample contact in a rapid and effective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement of Paper Sheets Composited with Carboxymethyl Cellulose.
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Kobayashi, Junya, Kaneko, Masahiro, Supachettapun, Chamaiporn, Takada, Kenji, Kaneko, Tatsuo, Kim, Joon Yang, Ishida, Minori, Kawai, Mika, and Mitsumata, Tetsu
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METHYLCELLULOSE ,STRESS-strain curves ,CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ,BOND strengths ,AQUEOUS solutions - Abstract
The mechanical properties for paper sheets composited with glucose (Glc), methyl cellulose (MC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. The paper composites were prepared by immersing paper sheets in aqueous solutions of these materials and drying at 100 °C for 30 min. The stress–strain curves for these paper composites were measured by a uniaxial tensile apparatus with a stretching speed of 2 mm/min. The breaking stress and strain for untreated paper were 24 MPa and 0.016, respectively. The paper composites demonstrated stress–strain curves similar to the untreated paper; however, the breaking point largely differed for these composites. The breaking strain and breaking stress for the Glc composite slightly decreased and those for the MC composite gradually increased with the concentration of materials composited. Significant increases in the mechanical properties were observed for the CMC composite. The breaking stress, breaking strain, and breaking energy for the 3 wt.% CMC composite were 2.0-, 3.9-, and 8.0-fold higher than those for untreated paper, respectively. SEM photographs indicated that the CMC penetrated into the inner part of the paper. These results strongly suggest that the mechanical improvement for CMC composites can be understood as an enhancement of the bond strength between the paper fibrils by CMC, which acts as a bonding agent. It was also revealed that the breaking strain, breaking stress, and breaking energy for the CMC composites were at maximum at the first cycle and decreased gradually as the immersion cycles increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Erythrosine–Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings for Antibacterial Paper Packaging.
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Shi, Shih-Chen, Ouyang, Sing-Wei, and Rahmadiawan, Dieter
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BIODEGRADABLE plastics ,CELLULOSE ,KRAFT paper ,PLASTICS ,PLASTICS in packaging ,POLYETHYLENE - Abstract
Though paper is an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic as a packaging material, it lacks antibacterial properties, and some papers have a low resistance to oil or water. In this study, a multifunctional paper-coating material was developed to reduce the use of plastic packaging and enhance paper performance. Natural cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent properties were used as the base material for the coating. The CNCs were functionalized into dialdehyde CNCs (DACNCs) through periodate oxidation. The DACNCs were subsequently complexed using erythrosine as a photosensitizer to form an erythrosine–CNC composite (Ery-DACNCs) with photodynamic inactivation. The Ery-DACNCs achieved inactivations above 90% after 30 min of green light irradiation and above 85% after 60 min of white light irradiation (to simulate real-world lighting conditions), indicating photodynamic inactivation effects. The optimal parameters for a layer-by-layer dip coating of kraft paper with Ery-DACNCs were 4.5-wt% Ery-DACNCs and 15 coating layers. Compared to non-coated kraft paper and polyethylene-coated paper, the Ery-DACNC-coated paper exhibited enhanced mechanical properties (an increase of 28% in bursting strength). More than 90% of the bacteria were inactivated after 40 min of green light irradiation, and more than 80% were inactivated after 60 min of white light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Zinc-Based Electrically Conductive Adhesive for the Transfer of SMD Components on Paper PCB
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Bourely, James, primary, Fumeaux, Nicolas, additional, Sanglé-Ferrière, Marie, additional, and Briand, Danick, additional
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- 2024
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18. ChatGPT-Powered URL-Based Research Paper Summarizer
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Srinivasan, Krishnaveni, primary, Ganesan, Geetha, additional, and Sivakumar, Eashwar, additional
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- 2024
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19. Paper-Mill Wastes for Bioethanol Production in Relation to Circular Economy Concepts: A Review.
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Or-Chen, Dafna, Gerchman, Yoram, Mamane, Hadas, and Peretz, Roi
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CIRCULAR economy ,ETHANOL as fuel ,SLUDGE management ,FOSSIL fuels ,PAPER pulp ,WASTE management - Abstract
This review explores circular economy principles in regard to ethanol production from paper-mill sludge. Environmental sustainability and renewability over fossil fuels make second generation ethanol an attractive energy source in a rapidly growing population and consumption world. Paper sludge (PS), a by-product of the pulp and paper (P&P) industry, can no longer be recycled for paper production and is mainly disposed of in landfills. Therefore, it poses a major environmental challenge. However, it has shown potential as a valuable raw material for ethanol production, along with other pulp and paper products, due to its abundant availability and high cellulosic content. This waste-to-energy (WtE) technology for ethanol production is proposed as an alternative, aligning with circular economy concepts to maximize resource efficiency and minimize waste. This review underlines the circular economy aspects of bioethanol production within paper mill sludge management systems. Circular economy principles applied to ethanol production from PS offer a promising avenue for sustainable biofuel development that not only addresses waste management challenges but also enhances the overall environmental performance of biofuel production. Furthermore, economic benefits are described, highlighting the potential for job creation and community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Facile Strategy for Boosting of Inorganic Fillers Retention in Paper.
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Maślana, Klaudia, Sielicki, Krzysztof, Wenelska, Karolina, Kędzierski, Tomasz, Janusz, Joanna, Mariańczyk, Grzegorz, Gorgon-Kuza, Aleksandra, Bogdan, Wojciech, Zielińska, Beata, and Mijowska, Ewa
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PAPER pulp ,MESOPOROUS materials ,PAPER industry ,CELLULOSE fibers ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,MICROSCOPY - Abstract
Achieving the desired properties of paper such as strength, durability, and printability remains challenging. Paper mills employ calcium carbonate (CaCO
3 ) as a filler to boost paper's brightness, opacity, and printability. However, weak interaction between cellulose fibers and CaCO3 particles creates different issues in the papermaking industry. Therefore, this study explores the influence of various inorganic additives as crosslinkers such as mesoporous SiO2 nanospheres, TiO2 nanoparticles, h-BN nanoflakes, and hydroxylated h-BN nanoflakes (h-BN-OH) on inorganic fillers content in the paper. They were introduced to the paper pulp in the form of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) suspension to enable bonding between the inorganic particles and the paper pulp. Our findings have been revealed based on detailed microscopic and structural analyses, e.g., transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Finally, the inorganic fillers (CaCO3 and respective inorganic additives) content was evaluated following ISO 1762:2001 guidelines. Conducted evaluations allowed us to identify the most efficient crosslinker (SiO2 nanoparticles) in terms of inorganic filler retention. Paper sheets modified with SiO2 enhance the retention of the fillers by ~12.1%. Therefore, we believe these findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the papermaking process toward boosting the quality of the resulting paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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21. Quantification of the Influence of Ink Penetration and Optical Ink Density on the Print-through of Printed Straw-Based Papers.
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Bates, Irena, Plazonić, Ivana, Rudolf, Maja, and Bratić, Diana
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TRITICALE ,OPACITY (Optics) ,WHEAT straw ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,PHASE coding ,RECYCLED paper ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
In recent years, due to environmental awareness regarding the harmfulness of polymeric materials, there has been a growing interest in using papers, especially those from alternative raw materials. The importance of using all available raw materials is imperative today. Raw materials that were once viewed as waste are now of great importance because they have the ability to replace raw materials that are used irrationally or are lacking. Cereal straw is a lignocellulosic material that could be used in the paper industry and in the production of increasingly prevalent paper packaging. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationships between the qualitative parameters of straw-based printed papers containing 30% agricultural residues (wheat, barley, or triticale). The influence of two qualitative parameters (ink penetration depth and optical ink density) on the print-through was observed using multiple regression analysis on straw-based papers produced at the laboratory level. Throughout the research, 100% recycled wood paper was used as a reference sample. The results of the regression analysis showed that none of the variables individually make a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of the dependent variable in a linear context, that is, they indicate a non-linear interaction between the variables and the specific conditions under which the dependent variable reaches local extremes and changes in the gradient. Considering the results of the regression analysis and the visualization of the relationship, the model was additionally tested with other independent variables (paper type). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the alternative straw-based paper with 30% barley pulp has the best interaction between ink and paper, which is the most similar to the reference sample in terms of printability, while the alternative straw-based paper with 30% wheat generally differs significantly from the reference paper when all three prints are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Ionic Liquids as Reconditioning Agents for Paper Artifacts.
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Croitoru, Catalin and Roata, Ionut Claudiu
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IONIC liquids ,IRON ,SURFACE cleaning ,CULTURAL maintenance ,CULTURAL property - Abstract
This research explores the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) in restoring paper artifacts, particularly an aged book sample. Three distinct ILs—1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-methyl-3-heptylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide —both in their pure form and isopropanol mixtures, were examined for their specific consumption in conjunction with paper, with 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide displaying the highest absorption. Notably, the methyl-3-heptylimidazolium ionic liquid displayed pronounced deacidification capabilities, elevating the paper pH close to a neutral 7. The treated paper exhibited significant color enhancements, particularly with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs, as evidenced by CIE-Lab* parameters. An exploration of ILs as potential UV stabilizers for paper unveiled promising outcomes, with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium IL demonstrating minimal yellowing post-UV irradiation. FTIR spectra elucidated structural alterations, underscoring the efficacy of ILs in removing small-molecular additives and macromolecules. The study also addressed the preservation of inked artifacts during cleaning, showcasing ILs' ability to solubilize iron gall ink, particularly the one with the 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium cation. While exercising caution for prolonged use on inked supports is still recommended, ILs are shown here to be valuable for cleaning ink-stained surfaces, establishing their effectiveness in paper restoration and cultural heritage preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. A Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Quantification Method by Counting Light Spots Formed by LAMP Amplicons on a Paper Membrane.
- Author
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Chen, Yanju, Zhu, Yuanyuan, Peng, Cheng, Wang, Xiaofu, Wu, Jian, Chen, Huan, and Xu, Junfeng
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NUCLEIC acids ,ELECTRONIC paper ,LAMPS ,VIBRIO parahaemolyticus ,POINT-of-care testing ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Nucleic acid quantification, allowing us to accurately know the copy number of target nucleic acids, is significant for diagnosis, food safety, agricultural production, and environmental protection. However, current digital quantification methods require expensive instruments or complicated microfluidic chips, making it difficult to popularize in the point-of-care detection. Paper is an inexpensive and readily available material. In this study, we propose a simple and cost-effective paper membrane-based digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for nucleic acid quantification. In the presence of DNA fluorescence dyes, the high background signals will cover up the amplicons-formed bright spots. To reduce the background fluorescence signals, a quencher-fluorophore duplex was introduced in LAMP primers to replace non-specific fluorescence dyes. After that, the amplicons-formed spots on the paper membrane can be observed; thus, the target DNA can be quantified by counting the spots. Take Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA detection as an instance, a good linear relationship is obtained between the light spots and the copy numbers of DNA. The paper membrane-based digital LAMP detection can detect 100 copies target DNA per reaction within 30 min. Overall, the proposed nucleic acid quantification method has the advantages of a simple workflow, short sample-in and answer-out time, low cost, and high signal-to-noise, which is promising for application in resourced limited areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Highly Sensitive Paper-Based Force Sensors with Natural Micro-Nanostructure Sensitive Element.
- Author
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Zhang, Haozhe, Ren, Yuyu, Zhu, Junwen, Jia, Yanshen, Liu, Qiang, and Yang, Xing
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CAPACITIVE sensors ,STRAIN sensors ,PRESSURE sensors ,DETECTORS ,FRIENDSHIP - Abstract
Flexible paper-based force sensors have garnered significant attention for their important potential applications in healthcare wearables, portable electronics, etc. However, most studies have only used paper as the flexible substrate for sensors, not fully exploiting the potential of paper's micro-nanostructure for sensing. This article proposes a novel approach where paper serves both as the sensitive element and the flexible substrate of force sensors. Under external mechanical forces, the micro-nanostructure of the conductive-treated paper will change, leading to significant changes in the related electrical output and thus enabling sensing. To demonstrate the feasibility and universality of this new method, the article takes paper-based capacitive pressure sensors and paper-based resistive strain sensors as examples, detailing their fabrication processes, constructing sensing principle models based on the micro-nanostructure of paper materials, and testing their main sensing performance. For the capacitive paper-based pressure sensor, it achieves a high sensitivity of 1.623 kPa
−1 , a fast response time of 240 ms, and a minimum pressure resolution of 4.1 Pa. As for the resistive paper-based strain sensor, it achieves a high sensitivity of 72 and a fast response time of 300 ms. The proposed new method offers advantages such as high sensitivity, simplicity in the fabrication process, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, providing new insights into the research of flexible force sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Oil- and Water-Resistant Paper Using Holo-Lignocellulosic Nanofibril (LCNF)-Based Composite Coating.
- Author
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Wang, Shengdan, Pei, Lihua, Wei, Jichao, Xie, Jiabao, Ji, Xingxiang, Wang, Yukang, Jia, Peng, and Jiao, Yajuan
- Abstract
In the present study, an environmentally friendly oil- and water-resistant paper was developed using a holo-lignocellulosic nanofibril (LCNF)-based composite coating. The LCNF was prepared from wheat straw using a biomechanical method. Characterizations of oil- and water-resistant coated paper and the effect of LCNF content on the performance of the coated paper were confirmed by combining contact angle analysis, Cobb 300s, and mechanical performance tests. The results show that the barrier performance and mechanical strength of the coated paper were greatly improved with the increase of LCNF content. The contact angle of oil and water of coated paper containing 50% LCNF were 69° and 78°, respectively, while the contact angle of oil and water of the base paper were only 30° and 20°, respectively. Cobb 300s values reduced from 110 g/m
2 to 30 g/m2 when the LCNF content increased from 50% to 90%. Moreover, under the coating amount of 20 g/m2 , the tensile strength of the coating paper was 0.980 KN/m, an increase of 10.11% compared with the base paper. The bursting strength reached 701.930 KPa, which was 10.75% higher than the base paper. In short, it is feasible to prepare LCNF from wheat straw, and apply it to produce water-proof and oil-proof paper. The water-proof and oil-proof paper developed in this study not only offers a novel approach to addressing white pollution but also presents a new research avenue for exploring the potential applications of agricultural waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. Improving the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mycelium-Based Green Composites Using Paper Waste.
- Author
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Teeraphantuvat, Thana, Jatuwong, Kritsana, Jinanukul, Praween, Thamjaree, Wandee, Lumyong, Saisamorn, and Aiduang, Worawoot
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WASTE paper ,WOOD waste ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,PACKAGING materials ,IMPACT strength ,TENSILE strength - Abstract
The growing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials has led to the invention of innovative solutions aiming to reduce negative impacts on the environment. Mycelium-based green composites (MBCs) have become an alternative to traditional materials due to their biodegradability and various potential uses. Although MBCs are accepted as modern materials, there are concerns related to some of their physical and mechanical properties that might have limitations when they are used. This study investigates the effects of using paper waste to improve MBC properties. In this study, we investigated the physical and mechanical properties of MBCs produced from lignocellulosic materials (corn husk and sawdust) and mushroom mycelia of the genus Lentinus sajor-caju TBRC 6266, with varying amounts of paper waste added. Adding paper waste increases the density of MBCs. Incorporating 20% paper waste into corn husks led to the enhancement of the compression, bending, and impact strength of MBCs by over 20%. Additionally, it was also found that the MBCs produced from corn husk and 10% paper waste could help in reducing the amount of water absorbed into the material. Adding paper waste to sawdust did not improve MBC properties. At the same time, some properties of MBCs, such as low tensile strength and high shrinkage, might need to be further improved in the future to unlock their full potential, for which there are many interesting approaches. Moreover, the research findings presented in this publication provide a wealth of insightful information on the possibility of using paper waste to improve MBC performance and expand their suitability for a range of applications in sustainable packaging materials and various home decorative items. This innovative approach not only promotes the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass but also contributes to the development of environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternatives to traditional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Anti-Cracking TEOS-Based Hybrid Materials as Reinforcement Agents for Paper Relics.
- Author
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Wu, Mengruo, Mu, Le, Zhang, Zhiyue, Han, Xiangna, Guo, Hong, and Han, Liuyang
- Abstract
Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is the most commonly used silicon-based reinforcement agent for conserving art relics due to its cost-effectiveness and commercial maturity. However, the resulting silica gel phase is prone to developing cracks as the gel shrinks during the sol–gel process, potentially causing severe damage to the objects being treated. In this study, dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) was introduced into TEOS to minimize this shrinkage by adding elastic long chains to weaken the capillary forces. The gel formed from the DTMS/TEOS hybrid material was transparent and crack-free, featuring a dense microstructure without mesopores or micropores. It exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature of up to 109.64 °C. Evaluation experiments were conducted on artificially aged, handmade bamboo paper. The TEOS-based hybrid material effectively combined with the paper fibers through the sol–gel process, polymerizing into a network structure that enveloped the paper surface or penetrated between the fibers. The surface of the treated paper displayed excellent hydrophobic properties, with no significant changes in appearance, color, or air permeability. The mechanical properties of the treated bamboo paper improved significantly, with longitudinal and transverse tensile strengths increasing by up to 36.63% and 44.25%, respectively. These research findings demonstrate the promising potential for the application of DTMS/TEOS hybrid materials in reinforcing paper relics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effect of a Nanocellulose Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Paper.
- Author
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Bárta, Josef, Hájková, Kateřina, Sikora, Adam, Jurczyková, Tereza, Popelková, Daniela, and Kalous, Petr
- Subjects
- *
TENSILE strength , *PAPER products , *FLAX , *SULFATE pulping process , *DURABILITY - Abstract
Nowadays, the emphasis is on increasing the durability of all products. For this reason, it is also advisable to look into extending the durability of paper products. The main reason for using flax pulp is that flax and cotton pulp are widely used for the production of banknotes due to their higher strength. This paper deals with flax pulp with the addition of nanocellulose, which should further enhance the mechanical properties of the pulp. The tensile strength, breaking length, and tensile energy absorption index were evaluated as the key mechanical properties. At the same time, the effect of the addition of nanocellulose, whether it was added to the pulp mass or applied to the later produced paper as a spray or coating, was tested in comparison to paper without the addition of nanocellulose. The best mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, were achieved for the highest addition of 5% of nanocellulose into the pulp, at 24.3 Nm∙g−1, and for the coating application, at 28.7 Nm∙g−1, compared to the flax pulp without the addition, where the tensile strength was 20.5 Nm∙g−1. The results of this research are used for the assessment of nanocellulose as a natural compatible additive to enhance the strength properties of cellulose-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Scientometrics Evaluation of Published Scientific Papers on the Use of Proteomics Technologies in Mastitis Research in Ruminants.
- Author
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Bourganou, Maria V., Chatzopoulos, Dimitris C., Lianou, Daphne T., Tsangaris, George Th., Fthenakis, George C., and Katsafadou, Angeliki I.
- Abstract
The objective of this study was the presentation of quantitative characteristics regarding the scientific content and bibliometric details of the relevant publications. In total, 156 papers were considered. Most papers presented original studies (n = 135), and fewer were reviews (n = 21). Most original articles (n = 101) referred to work involving cattle. Most original articles described work related to the diagnosis (n = 72) or pathogenesis (n = 62) of mastitis. Most original articles included field work (n = 75), whilst fewer included experimental (n = 31) or laboratory (n = 30) work. The tissue assessed most frequently in the studies was milk (n = 59). Milk was assessed more frequently in studies on the diagnosis (61.1% of relevant studies) or pathogenesis (30.6%) of the infection, but mammary tissue was assessed more frequently in studies on the treatment (31.0%). In total, 47 pathogens were included in the studies described; most were Gram-positive bacteria (n = 34). The three bacteria most frequently included in the studies were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 55 articles), Escherichia coli (n = 31) and Streptococcus uberis (n = 19). The proteomics technology employed more often in the respective studies was liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), either on its own (n = 56) or in combination with other technologies (n = 40). The median year of publication of articles involving bioinformatics or LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics was the most recent: 2022. The 156 papers were published in 78 different journals, most frequently in the Journal of Proteomics (n = 16 papers) and the Journal of Dairy Science (n = 12). The median number of cited references in the papers was 48. In the papers, there were 1143 co-authors (mean: 7.3 ± 0.3 co-authors per paper, median: 7, min.–max.: 1–19) and 742 individual authors. Among them, 15 authors had published at least seven papers (max.: 10). Further, there were 218 individual authors who were the first or last authors in the papers. Most papers were submitted for open access (n = 79). The median number of citations received by the 156 papers was 12 (min.–max.: 0–339), and the median yearly number of citations was 2.0 (min.–max.: 0.0–29.5). The h-index of the papers was 33, and the m-index was 2. The increased number of cited references in papers and international collaboration in the respective study were the variables associated with most citations to published papers. This is the first ever scientometrics evaluation of proteomics studies, the results of which highlighted the characteristics of published papers on mastitis and proteomics. The use of proteomics in mastitis research has focused on the elucidation of pathogenesis and diagnosis of the infection; LC-MS/MS has been established as the most frequently used proteomics technology, although the use of bioinformatics has also emerged recently as a useful tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning.
- Author
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Lee, Si-An, Hong, Jun-Hwa, Kim, Na-Yeon, Min, Hye-Min, Yang, Ha-Min, Lee, Si-Hyeon, Choi, Seo-Jin, and Park, Jin-Hyuck
- Subjects
- *
DIGITAL learning , *ELECTRONIC paper , *NEAR infrared spectroscopy , *ACTIVE learning , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *MEMORIZATION - Abstract
The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel's content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (p > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (p < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Legibility of Sans-Serif Typeface on Different Paper Grades Made from Invasive Alien Plant Species.
- Author
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Možina, Klementina, Kovačević, Dorotea, and Možina, Klemen
- Subjects
INTRODUCED species ,FONTS & typefaces ,BLACK locust ,JAPANESE knotweed ,CORPORATE bonds ,INK - Abstract
Featured Application: Papermaking and printing industry, usability, i.e., legibility of printed text. Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) may cause threats to native biodiversity in ecosystems. Researchers have been investigating all the possible ways that they can be used effectively for other purposes. Since IAPS are capable of forming cellulose fibre nets, in this research, papers were made from three different types of IAPS (Japanese knotweed, giant goldenrod, and black locust). This research examined these IAPS papers and their effectiveness when used as printing substrates. In comparison to commercial office paper, the differences in basic, surface, optical, and microscopic properties were measured. As a widely used technology, inkjet printing was applied. We tested a commonly used sans-serif typeface (which has been established as being more legible than other typefaces in previous research) in three different type sizes (i.e., 8, 10, and 12 pt). According to the results, paper made from IAPS could offer some usable properties and acceptable legibility, especially when printing typefaces with specific attributes, such as moderate counter size, higher x-height, and minimal differences in the letter stroke width, are used. An appropriate typographic tonal density should be achieved in combination with an adequate letter size, e.g., 10 pt type size when a sans-serif typeface is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Microfluidic Paper-Based Device Incorporated with Silica Nanoparticles for Iodide Quantification in Marine Source Dietary Supplements.
- Author
-
Pereira MG, Machado A, Leite A, Rangel M, Bordalo A, Rangel AOSS, and Mesquita RBR
- Subjects
- Humans, Microfluidics, Iodides, Dietary Supplements analysis, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Paper, Iodine analysis, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
- Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans due to its fundamental role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. As a key parameter to assess health conditions, iodine intake needs to be monitored to ascertain and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodine is available from various food sources (such as seaweed, fish, and seafood, among others) and dietary supplements (multivitamins or mineral supplements). In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to quantify iodide in seaweed and dietary supplements is described. The developed μPAD is a small microfluidic device that emerges as quite relevant in terms of its analytical capacity. The quantification of iodide is based on the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iodine, which acts as the catalyst to produce the blue form of TMB. Additionally, powder silica was used to intensify and uniformize the colour of the obtained product. Following optimization, the developed μPAD enabled iodide quantification within the range of 10-100 µM, with a detection limit of 3 µM, and was successfully applied to seaweeds and dietary supplements. The device represents a valuable tool for point-of-care analysis, can be used by untrained personnel at home, and is easily disposable, low-cost, and user-friendly.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Preparation and Characterization of Pullulan-Based Packaging Paper for Fruit Preservation.
- Author
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Dong, Hang and Tian, Zhongjian
- Subjects
PRESERVATION of fruit ,FRUIT packaging ,PRESERVATION of materials ,VITAMIN C ,WATER vapor ,TEA - Abstract
Improving the shelf lives of fruits is challenging. The biodegradable polysaccharide pullulan exhibits excellent film-forming ability, gas barrier performance, and natural decomposability, making it an optimal material for fruit preservation. To overcome problems of high cost and film porosity of existing packaging technologies, we aimed to develop pullulan-based packaging paper to enhance the shelf lives of fruits. A thin paper coating comprising a mixture of 15 wt.% pullulan solution at various standard viscosities (75.6, 77.8, and 108.5 mPa·s) with tea polyphenols (15:2) and/or vitamin C (150:1) improved the oxygen transmission rate (120–160 cm
3 m−2 ·24 h·0.1 MPa), water vapor transmission rate (<5.44 g·mm−1 m−2 ·h·kPa), maximum free radical clearance rate (>87%), and antibacterial properties of base packaging paper. Grapes wrapped with these pullulan-based papers exhibited less weight loss (>4.41%) and improved hardness (>16.4%) after 10 days of storage compared to those of control grapes (wrapped in untreated/base paper). Grapes wrapped with pullulan-based paper had >12.6 wt.% total soluble solids, >1.5 mg/g soluble protein, >0.44 wt.% titratable acidity, and ≥4.5 mg 100 g−1 ascorbic acid. Thus, pullulan-based paper may prolong the shelf life of grapes with operational convenience, offering immense value for fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Enhancing Hydrophobic Properties in Olive Oil-Coated Papers through Thermal Treatment.
- Author
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Loesch-Zhang, Amelia, Meckel, Tobias, Biesalski, Markus, and Geissler, Andreas
- Subjects
CONTACT angle ,VEGETABLE storage ,OLIVE oil ,CHEMICAL reactions ,VEGETABLE oils ,OLIVE - Abstract
Enhancing paper hydrophobicity is of key importance for many paper-based applications. Fatty acids or vegetable oils and their derivatives replace environmentally harmful conventional coating materials but still require challenging chemical reactions for covalent attachment onto paper. Here, we show that simple storage of olive oil-coated cotton linter paper at 70 °C and subsequent Soxhlet extraction is able to endow paper with hydrophobic properties, reaching water contact angles above 130°. In-depth chemical and morphological analytics show the relevance of temperature and air accessibility during the aging process compared with aging at ambient temperature and under the exclusion of oxygen, underlining the importance of assessing a coating's long-term performance and stability under diverse storage conditions. Simple storage of vegetable oil-coated paper at elevated temperatures followed by extraction proves to be an easy way to produce stable covalently attached hydrophobic paper coatings with exceptionally low coating amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sequential Treatment by Ozonation and Biodegradation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater to Eliminate Organic Contaminants.
- Author
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Amacosta, Jessica, Poznyak, Tatyana, Siles, Sergio, and Chairez, Isaac
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,OZONIZATION ,BIODEGRADATION ,POLLUTANTS ,SEWAGE ,DRINKING water purification - Abstract
In this research, the decomposition of toxic organics from pulp and paper mill effluent by the sequential application of ozonation and biodegradation was studied. Ozonation, as a pre-treatment, was executed to transform the initial pollutants into less toxic compounds (such as organic acids of low molecular weights). Biodegradation was executed during three days with acclimated microorganisms that were able to complete the decomposition of the initial organic mixture (raw wastewater) and to achieve a higher degree of mineralization (85–90%). Experiments were performed under three different conditions: (a) only ozonation of the initial contaminants, (b) only biodegradation of residual water without previous treatment by ozone and (c) ozonation followed by biodegradation performed by acclimated microorganisms. In the case of 72 h of biodegradation, the mineralization efficiency reached 85% and 89% after 30 and 60 min of ozonation, respectively. The no significant difference in this parameter coincided with the calculated generalized microorganisms' consortia specific growing rate μ m a x that was reduced from 2.08 × 10
−3 h−1 to 6.05 × 10−4 h−1 when the ozonation time was longer. The identification of the organics composition by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) before and after treatments confirmed that the proposed combined process served as a more efficient alternative to secondary and tertiary treatments (mineralization degree between 60 and 80% in average) of the paper industry wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Recent Developments in Paper-Based Sensors with Instrument-Free Signal Readout Technologies (2020–2023).
- Author
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Yang, Danni, Hu, Chengju, Zhang, Hao, and Geng, Shan
- Subjects
DETECTORS ,POLLUTANTS ,FOOD chemistry ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
Signal readout technologies that do not require any instrument are essential for improving the convenience and availability of paper-based sensors. Thanks to the remarkable progress in material science and nanotechnology, paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout have been developed for multiple purposes, such as biomedical detection, environmental pollutant tracking, and food analysis. In this review, the developments in instrument-free signal readout technologies for paper-based sensors from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The instrument-free signal readout technologies, such as distance-based signal readout technology, counting-based signal readout technology, text-based signal readout technology, as well as other transduction technologies, are briefly introduced, respectively. On the other hand, the applications of paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout technologies are summarized, including biomedical analysis, environmental analysis, food analysis, and other applications. Finally, the potential and difficulties associated with the advancement of paper-based sensors without instruments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Analysing the Suitability of Using Different Biodegradable Fluids for Power Transformers with Thermally Upgraded Paper.
- Author
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Méndez, Cristina, Olmo, Cristian, Antolín, Ismael, Ortiz, Alfredo, and Renedo, Carlos J.
- Abstract
Mineral oil has been used for many years in various electrical equipment, including transformers, as a cooling and insulation medium. However, its low biodegradability and poor performance in terms of fire protection have prompted the search for fluids to replace it, with vegetable oils being prominently considered. In this study, the dielectric, chemical, and physical properties of four vegetable oils obtained from different seeds (sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, and palm) and a biodegradable synthetic fluid are analysed throughout their lifespan in transformers. Their performances are compared with a traditional mineral oil to assess which one is more suitable for use in transformers employing this type of paper. To achieve this, the fluids were subjected to thermal ageing in combination with copper and a thermally upgraded kraft (TUK) paper, with its degradation controlled by measuring the degree of polymerisation. The results demonstrate that the origin of the vegetable oils affects their properties and degradation rates. It was found that most of the alternative fluids are suitable for use in transformers with the TUK paper and that they can increase their lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A Sandwich Structural Filter Paper–AgNWs/MXene Composite for Superior Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.
- Author
-
Han, Xiaoshuai, Feng, Hongyu, Tian, Wei, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Lei, Wang, Jiangbo, and Jiang, Shaohua
- Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC interference ,ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding ,POLYVINYL butyral ,FILTER paper ,ELECTRIC conductivity - Abstract
A thin, lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper composite is an urgent need for modern military confrontations. Herein, a sandwich-structured EMI shielding paper composite with an easy pavement consisting of a filter paper layer, middle AgNWs/MXene layer, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer was constructed by vacuum-assisted filtration, spraying and air-drying. The middle AgNWs/MXene compound endowed the filter paper with excellent electrical conductivity (166 S cm
−1 ) and the fabricated filter paper–AgNWs/MXene–PVB composite exhibits superior EMI shielding (30 dB) with a 141 μm thickness. Remarkably, the specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of the filter paper–AgNWs/MXene–PVB composite reached 13,000 dB cm2 g−1 within the X-band frequency range. This value represents one of the highest reported for cellulose-based EMI shielding materials. Therefore, our sandwich-structured filter paper composite with superior EMI shielding performance can be used in the medical and military fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Advancing Food Preservation: Sustainable Green-AgNPs Bionanocomposites in Paper-Starch Flexible Packaging for Prolonged Shelf Life.
- Author
-
Trotta, Federico, Da Silva, Sidonio, Massironi, Alessio, Mirpoor, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Lignou, Stella, Ghawi, Sameer Khalil, and Charalampopoulos, Dimitris
- Subjects
FOOD preservation ,FLEXIBLE packaging ,FOOD packaging ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,FOOD waste ,CORNSTARCH - Abstract
In the pursuit of enhancing food packaging, nanotechnology, particularly green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), have gained prominence for its remarkable antimicrobial properties with high potential for food shelf-life extension. Our study aims to develop corn starch-based coating materials reinforced with G-AgNPs. The mechanical properties were examined using a uniaxial tensile tester, revealing that starch coated with the highest G-AgNPs concentration (12.75 ppm) exhibited UTS of 87.6 MPa compared to 48.48 MPa of control paper, a significant (p < 0.02) 65% increase. The assessment of the WVP showcased a statistical reduction in permeability by up to 8% with the incorporation of the hydrophobic layer. Furthermore, antibacterial properties were assessed following ISO 22196:2011, demonstrating a strong and concentration-dependent activity of G-AgNPs against E. coli. All samples successfully disintegrated in both simulated environments (soil and seawater), including samples presenting G-AgNPs. In the food trial analysis, the presence of starch and G-AgNPs significantly reduced weight loss after 6 days, with cherry tomatoes decreasing by 8.59% and green grapes by 6.77% only. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of environmentally friendly packaging materials, aligning with the UN sustainable development goals of reducing food waste and promoting sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Investigating the Influence of Diverse Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Fibers on Paper-Based Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries.
- Author
-
Ren, Xuan, Wu, Haiwei, Xiao, Ya, Wu, Haoteng, Wang, Huan, Li, Haiwen, Guo, Yuchen, Xu, Peng, Yang, Baohong, and Xiong, Chuanyin
- Subjects
LITHIUM sulfur batteries ,MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes ,CATHODES ,FIBERS ,SURFACE passivation ,CARBON nanotubes ,ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes - Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are expected to be one of the next generations of high-energy-density battery systems due to their high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg
−1 . Embracing the trends toward flexibility, lightweight design, and cost-effectiveness, paper-based electrodes offer a promising alternative to traditional coated cathodes in Li–S batteries. Within paper-based electrodes, conductive fibers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a crucial role. They help to form a three-dimensional network within the paper matrix to ensure structural integrity over extended cycling while mitigating the shuttle effect by confining sulfur within the cathode. Herein, we explore how variously functionalized CNTs, serving as conductive fibers, impact the physical and electrochemical characteristics of paper-based sulfur cathodes in Li–S batteries. Specifically, graphitized hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (G-CNTs) exhibit remarkable capacity at low currents owing to their excellent conductivity and interaction with lithium polysulfide (LiPS), achieving the highest initial specific capacity of 1033 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C (1.1 mA cm−2 ). Aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2 -CNTs) demonstrate an enhanced affinity for LiPS due to the -NH2 groups. However, the uneven distribution of these fibers may induce electrode surface passivation during charge–discharge cycles. Notably, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OH-CNTs) can establish a uniform and stable 3D network with plant fibers, showcasing superior mechanical properties and helping to mitigate Li2 S agglomeration while preserving the electrode porosity. The paper-based electrode integrated with OH-CNTs even retains a specific capacity of approximately 800 mAh g−1 at about 1.25 C (5 mA cm−2 ), demonstrating good sulfur utilization and rate capacity compared to other CNT variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. SERS Performance of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene-Based Substrates Correlates with Surface Morphology.
- Author
-
Salehtash, Farnoush, Annušová, Adriana, Stepura, Anastasiia, Soyka, Yaryna, Halahovets, Yuriy, Hofbauerová, Monika, Mičušík, Matej, Kotlár, Mário, Nádaždy, Peter, Albrycht, Paweł, Šiffalovič, Peter, Jergel, Matej, Omastová, Mária, and Majková, Eva
- Subjects
SURFACE morphology ,SERS spectroscopy ,RHODAMINE B ,FILTER paper ,DETECTION limit - Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties of low-dimensional semiconducting MXene nanoflakes have been investigated over the last decade. Despite this fact, the relationship between the surface characteristics and SERSing performance of a MXene layer has yet to be comprehensively investigated and elucidated. This work shows the importance of surface morphology on the overall SERS effect by studying few-layer Ti
3 C2 Tx MXene-based SERS substrates fabricated by vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF) and spray coating on filter paper. The VAF deposition results in a dense MXene layer suitable for SERS with high spot-to-spot and substrate-to-substrate reproducibility, with a significant limit of detection (LoD) of 20 nM for Rhodamine B analyte. The spray-coated MXenes film revealed lower uniformity, with a LoD of 50 nM for drop-casted analytes. Moreover, we concluded that the distribution of the analyte deposited onto the MXene layer is affected by the presence of MXene aggregates created during the deposition of the MXene layer. Accumulation of the analyte molecules in the vicinity of MXene aggregates was observed for drop-casted deposition of the analyte, which affects the resulting SERS enhancement. Ti3 C2 Tx MXene layers deposited on filter paper by VAF offer great potential as a cost-effective, easy-to-manufacture, yet robust, platform for sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cement-Based Mortars with Waste Paper Sludge-Derived Cellulose Fibers for Building Applications.
- Author
-
Bencardino, Francesco, Mazzuca, Pietro, do Carmo, Ricardo, Costa, Hugo, and Curto, Roberta
- Subjects
MORTAR ,WASTE paper ,CELLULOSE fibers ,MANUFACTURING processes ,MASONRY - Abstract
This study assesses the mechanical properties of mortars incorporating waste paper sludge-derived cellulose fibers. Compression and flexural tests were carried out on specimens prepared with cellulose fibers at different proportions, ranging from 0% to 2% of the total weight of the solid mortar constituents (cement, sand, and lime). In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of the preparation method on the mechanical properties of the mortars. To this end, two series of mortars were studied: one prepared following a rigorous control of the preparation parameters and the other made without systematic parameter control to simulate typical on-site conditions. Finally, the applicability of both traditional and eco-friendly mortars in the construction of small-scale masonry walls was assessed through compression tests. Overall, the mechanical properties of mortars with cellulose fibers were comparable to those with 0% waste material, regardless of the production process. Regarding the compressive behavior of masonry walls, experimental tests showed significant similarities between specimens made with traditional and eco-friendly mortar. In conclusion, incorporating cellulose fibers into cement-based mortar shows considerable potential for building applications, enhancing the environmental benefits without compromising the mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Development of Paper-Based Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.
- Author
-
Kassem S, Hamdy ME, Selim KM, Elmasry DMA, Shahein MA, and El-Husseini DM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Sheep, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Coloring Agents, Cross Reactions, Head, Lumpy skin disease virus
- Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a notifiable viral disease caused by Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV). It is usually associated with high economic losses, including a loss of productivity, infertility, and death. LSDV shares genetic and antigenic similarities with Sheep pox virus (SPV) and Goat pox (GPV) virus. Hence, the LSDV traditional diagnostic tools faced many limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity. Herein, we fabricated a paper-based turn-on fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sensor for the rapid detection of LSDV. The LSDV-MIPs sensor showed strong fluorescent intensity signal enhancement in response to the presence of the virus within minutes. Our sensor showed a limit of detection of 10
1 log10 TCID50/mL. Moreover, it showed significantly higher specificity to LSDV relative to other viruses, especially SPV. To our knowledge, this is the first record of a paper-based rapid detection test for LSDV depending on fluorescent turn-on behavior.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Fluorescent Paper Based on CQDs/Rhodamine B: A Ratio and Sensitive Detection Platform for On-Site Fe 3+ Sensing.
- Author
-
Han G, Cai J, Yang L, Li X, and Wang X
- Abstract
Fluorescent sensors with single reading are generally subject to unpredictable disturbs from environmental and artificial factors. In order to overcome this barrier of detection reliability, a paper-based optical sensor with proportional fluorescence was established and further combined with a smartphone for visual, on-site and quantitative detection of Fe
3+ , which affects the color, smell and taste of water, and endangers the health of plants and animals. The ratio fluorescent probe was fabricated by rhodamine B and carbon quantum dots derived from xylan. The red fluorescence of rhodamine B was inert to Fe3+ , which was referred to as background. And blue emitting carbon quantum dots functioned as signal report units, which would be quenched by Fe3+ and make the fluorescence of the ratio probe change from purple to red. The quantitative detection of Fe3+ was conducted by investigating the RGB value of fluorescent images with a smartphone. With the increase of Fe3+ concentration, the R/B (red/blue) value of the fluorescent paper gradually increased. The linear detection range was 10-180 μM, and the limit of detection was 198.2 nM. The application of ratio fluorescent paper with a smartphone provides a facile method for the rapid detection of ions.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Intelligent Detection and Odor Recognition of Cigarette Packaging Paper Boxes Based on a Homemade Electronic Nose.
- Author
-
Wang X, Li H, Wang Y, Fu B, and Ai B
- Abstract
The printing process of box packaging paper can generate volatile organic compounds, resulting in odors that impact product quality and health. An efficient, objective, and cost-effective detection method is urgently needed. We utilized a self-developed electronic nose system to test four different cigarette packaging paper samples. Employing multivariate statistical methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Statistical Quality Control (SQC), and Similarity-based Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), we analyzed and processed the collected data. Comprehensive evaluation and quality control models were constructed to assess sample stability and distinguish odors. Results indicate that our electronic nose system rapidly detects odors and effectively performs quality control. By establishing models for quality stability control, we successfully identified samples with acceptable quality and those with odors. To further validate the system's performance and extend its applications, we collected two types of cigarette packaging paper samples with odor data. Using data augmentation techniques, we expanded the dataset and achieved an accuracy rate of 0.9938 through classification and discrimination. This highlights the significant potential of our self-developed electronic nose system in recognizing cigarette packaging paper odors and odorous samples.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Carbon-Based Composites with Biodegradable Matrix for Flexible Paper Electronics.
- Author
-
Szałapak J, Zdanikowski B, Kądziela A, Lepak-Kuc S, Dybowska-Sarapuk Ł, Janczak D, Raczyński T, and Jakubowska M
- Abstract
The authors explore the development of paper-based electronics using carbon-based composites with a biodegradable matrix based on ethyl cellulose and dibasic ester solvent. The main focus is on screen-printing techniques for creating flexible, eco-friendly electronic devices. This research evaluates the printability with the rheological measurements, electrical properties, flexibility, and adhesion of these composites, considering various compositions, including graphene, graphite, and carbon black. The study finds that certain compositions offer sheet resistance below 1 kΩ/sq and good adhesion to paper substrates with just one layer of screen printing, demonstrating the potential for commercial applications, such as single-use electronics, flexible heaters, etc. The study also shows the impact of cyclic bending on the electrical parameters of the prepared layers. This research emphasizes the importance of the biodegradability of the matrix, contributing to the field of sustainable electronics. Overall, this study provides insights into developing environmentally friendly, flexible electronic components, highlighting the role of biodegradable materials in this evolving industry.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Transparent Structures for ZnO Thin Film Paper Transistors Fabricated by Pulsed Electron Beam Deposition.
- Author
-
Gherendi, Florin, Dobrin, Daniela, and Nistor, Magdalena
- Subjects
THIN film transistors ,ELECTRON beam deposition ,INDIUM gallium zinc oxide ,ZINC oxide films ,ELECTRON beams ,FLEXIBLE display systems ,CIRCULAR economy ,THRESHOLD voltage - Abstract
Thin film transistors on paper are increasingly in demand for emerging applications, such as flexible displays and sensors for wearable and disposable devices, making paper a promising substrate for green electronics and the circular economy. ZnO self-assembled thin film transistors on a paper substrate, also using paper as a gate dielectric, were fabricated by pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) at room temperature. These self-assembled ZnO thin film transistor source–channel–drain structures were obtained in a single deposition process using 200 and 300 µm metal wires as obstacles in the path of the ablation plasma. These transistors exhibited a memory effect, with two distinct states, "on" and "off", and with a field-effect mobility of about 25 cm
2 /Vs in both states. For the "on" state, a threshold voltage (Vth on = −1.75 V) and subthreshold swing (S = 1.1 V/decade) were determined, while, in the "off" state, Vth off = +1.8 V and S = 1.34 V/decade were obtained. A 1.6 μA maximum drain current was obtained in the "off" state, and 11.5 μA was obtained in the "on" state of the transistor. Due to ZnO's non-toxicity, such self-assembled transistors are promising as components for flexible, disposable smart labels and other various green paper-based electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fluid Flow Dynamics in Partially Saturated Paper.
- Author
-
Kumar, Ashutosh, Hatayama, Jun, Soucy, Alex, Carpio, Ethan, Rahmani, Nassim, Anagnostopoulos, Constantine, and Faghri, Mohammad
- Subjects
FLUID dynamics ,FLUID control ,FLUID flow ,FIBER orientation ,FOOD chemistry ,STOKES equations - Abstract
This study presents an integrated approach to understanding fluid dynamics in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs), combining empirical investigations with advanced numerical modeling. Paper-based devices are recognized for their low cost, portability, and simplicity and are increasingly applied in health, environmental monitoring, and food quality analysis. However, challenges such as lack of flow control and the need for advanced detection methods have limited their widespread adoption. To address these challenges, our study introduces a novel numerical model that incorporates factors such as pore size, fiber orientation, and porosity, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics across various saturation levels of paper. Empirical results focused on observing the wetted length in saturated paper substrates. The numerical model, integrating the Highly Simplified Marker and Cell (HSMAC) method and the High Order accuracy scheme Reducing Numerical Error Terms (HORNET) scheme, successfully predicts fluid flow in scenarios challenging for empirical observation, especially at high saturation levels. The model effectively mimicked the Lucas–Washburn relation for dry paper and demonstrated the increasing time requirement for fluid movement with rising saturation levels. It also accurately predicted faster fluid flow in Whatman Grade 4 filter paper compared with Grade 41 due to its larger pore size and forecasted an increased flow rate in the machine direction fiber orientation of Whatman Grade 4. These findings have significant implications for the design and application of µPADs, emphasizing the need for precise control of fluid flow and the consideration of substrate microstructural properties. The study's combination of empirical data and advanced numerical modeling marks a considerable advancement in paper-based microfluidics, offering robust frameworks for future development and optimization of paper-based assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Green Development of Natural Fibre-Based Paper Mulch from Recyclable Cow Dung and Flax Straw Waste.
- Author
-
Cao, Xiaoqing, Li, Lu, Zhang, Fengwei, Zhang, Fangyuan, Song, Xuefeng, Zhao, Wuyun, and Dai, Fei
- Subjects
ORGANIC farming ,MANURES ,SUSTAINABLE development ,STRAW ,NONPOINT source pollution ,COMPOSTING - Abstract
Livestock dung, discarded crop straws, and residual plastic film are the primary agricultural non-point sources of pollution. For livestock dung and discarded crop straw, the general treatment focuses on compost, animal fodder, industrial raw material, and new energy. The development of degradable mulch film is the main way to solve pollution from residual plastic film. However, an effective way to solve the above three types of pollution simultaneously and use them for ecological circular agriculture has been less studied. In this study, using cow dung and flax straw wastes as raw materials, we prepared natural, fibre-based paper mulch using the rapid-Kothen method and analysed the film-forming mechanism. Based on the Van Soest method, the cow dung and flax straw waste contain abundant cellulose fibres: 36.75% and 54.69%, respectively. The tensile strength and tear strength of fibre paper mulch are 1.87 kN/m and 19.91 N/mm, respectively. To enhance the adaptability of the fibre paper mulch in humid environments, the surface of the mulch was treated with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The AKD-coated fibre paper mulch displays hydrophobic properties, indicated by a contact angle of 128° ± 2°. It has a wet tensile strength of 0.64 kN/m and a wet tear strength of 8.23 N/mm. Additionally, it exhibits a dry tensile strength and a tear strength of 2.13 kN/m and 16.43 N/mm, respectively. Notably, the dry tensile strength is increased by 16.31%. In this way, the livestock dung and discarded crop straw can be reused, reducing dung pollution and straw burning in livestock farms, and the final products can alleviate the residual film pollution simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Component Recognition and Coordinate Extraction in Two-Dimensional Paper Drawings Using SegFormer.
- Author
-
Gu, Shengkun and Wang, Dejiang
- Subjects
HOUGH transforms ,IMAGE processing ,ARCHITECTURAL drawing ,ELECTRONIC paper ,ARCHITECTURAL details ,DIGITAL images - Abstract
Within the domain of architectural urban informatization, the automated precision recognition of two-dimensional paper schematics emerges as a pivotal technical challenge. Recognition methods traditionally employed frequently encounter limitations due to the fluctuating quality of architectural drawings and the bounds of current image processing methodologies, inhibiting the realization of high accuracy. The research delineates an innovative framework that synthesizes refined semantic segmentation algorithms with image processing techniques and precise coordinate identification methods, with the objective of enhancing the accuracy and operational efficiency in the identification of architectural elements. A meticulously curated data set, featuring 13 principal categories of building and structural components, facilitated the comprehensive training and assessment of two disparate deep learning models. The empirical findings reveal that these algorithms attained mean intersection over union (MIoU) values of 96.44% and 98.01% on the evaluation data set, marking a substantial enhancement in performance relative to traditional approaches. In conjunction, the framework's integration of the Hough Transform with SQL Server technology has significantly reduced the coordinate detection error rates for linear and circular elements to below 0.1% and 0.15%, respectively. This investigation not only accomplishes the efficacious transition from analog two-dimensional paper drawings to their digital counterparts, but also assures the precise identification and localization of essential architectural components within the digital image coordinate framework. These developments are of considerable importance in furthering the digital transition within the construction industry and establish a robust foundation for the forthcoming extension of data collections and the refinement of algorithmic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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