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Photonic Crystals (PhCs) are materials with a periodic arrangement of dielectric or metallic components that can manipulate the flow of photons. Conventional techniques for computing the spectrum response of these artificial structures are time-consuming, laborious, and susceptible to human errors. This paper presents a novel approach incorporating Machine Learning (ML) in forming PhC-based periodic structures. The structures are designed from the Two-Dimensional (2D) PhCs having air holes in a dielectric material. These crystalline structures work on the Guided Mode Resonance (GMR) principle and find their use in numerous applications, including optical filters in Near Infrared Range (NIR). However, the conventional methods for analyzing the output spectra of PhCs need to be revised due to the complexities in designing compound optical filters. Therefore, an automated process employing ML is required. As a result, in our work, we form 2D crystalline structures using the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and predict various spectral responses of PhCs via ML-based linear regression. The proposed mathematical models provide efficient results and considerably less simulation efforts and time compared to the traditional manual methods. • Photonic Crystals (PhCs) utilize dielectric/metallic elements to control photon behavior, vital for NIR optical filters. • Traditional PhC spectrum analysis methods are often slow and prone to errors, complicating optical filter design. • This study introduces a novel 2D PhC design method combining Machine Learning and FDTD, enhancing efficiency. • Innovations include: dielectric use in PhCs, ML-driven design, automation, resonant mode mathematical modeling, and accuracy validation. • Utilizes Guided Mode Resonance for accurate PhC spectrum response prediction, essential for optimal performance. • ML-based linear regression significantly enhances spectrum prediction efficiency, reducing simulation efforts and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A pseudotargeted lipidomics method was used for identifying alkylglycerols in foods. • A new Dart package termed FFIMA was developed to facilitate data processing. • Mild acid hydrolysis was employed to assist in analyzing ether phospholipid species. • A total of 156 alkylglycerol-type ether lipids and 35 plasmalogens were identified. Alkylglycerols (1-O-alkyl- sn -glycerols) are microscale but critical lipids in foods. Conventional lipidomics analysis often loses sight of alkylglycerol analysis. In this study, we developed a high coverage pseudotargeted lipidomics method for analyzing alkylglycerols. The developed method integrated the advantages of GC–MS and LC–MS to profile alkylglycerol-type ether lipids comprehensively, with the help of a data processing Dart package termed FFIMA (Feature Fragments Information Matching Algorithm). The developed method exhibited competitive superiority to conventional lipidomics, such as wider coverage and higher accuracy. The validated method was assessed by three aquatic products and three milks. A total of 25 alkylglycerols, 107 diacylglycerol ethers, 21 monoacylglycerol ethers, 28 alkylglycerol-type ether phospholipids, and 35 plasmalogens were identified in the six foods. The results demonstrated that this method offers a comprehensive analysis of a wide spectrum of alkylglycerols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic prediction is an important topic in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) that can provide support for many traffic applications. However, accurate traffic prediction is a challenging task, and its difficulties mainly come from the complex spatial and temporal dependencies of traffic network data. Previous studies mainly focused on capturing the spatiotemporal dependencies of traffic data but ignored the temporal frequency features of traffic flows. In this paper, we design a novel multichannel spatial–temporal graph convolution network based on spectrum decomposition (MSDGCN) for traffic prediction. First, we decompose the original traffic flow series into low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency components based on spectrum analysis. Then, based on ChebNet and LSTM, a prediction model with three channels is constructed to capture the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency features of the traffic flow. Finally, an attention layer is adopted to assign weights for different channels, enabling the model to focus on capturing the main features of the traffic flow. Compared to the state-of-the-art baselines, our model captures the distinct frequency components of the original traffic flow series in a more meticulous manner. Experimental results obtained on six real-world datasets indicate the excellent performance of our model. • We introduced DFT and spectrum analysis into traffic prediction. • An attention mechanism is utilized to reduce the adverse impact of local fluctuations. • A novel multichannel spatial–temporal graph convolution network is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigments with color diversity, hydrophobicity, biocompatibility and photostability are significantly attractive in cosmetic, but it is still a challenge to invent them. To achieve this promising goal, this study demonstrates an unprecedented concept of pigments from assembling zein protein to dye-modified layered double hydroxides (zein/dye-LDHs) by a simple two-step method. Elaborate characterizations including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet−visible absorption spectra and thermogravimetric analysis confirm the successful exploration of zein/dye-LDHs biohybrid with the sandwich structure that dye is intercalated into the interlayer space of LDHs by the host-guest interaction between host sheets and guest dye anions, while zein is grafted on dye-LDHs surface via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The intercalation into the interlayer region of LDHs and zein grafting remarkably improved the hydrophobicity and photostability of organic dyes and obviously decreased their irritation potential. Further, the diversified color could be easily achieved via adjusting the dosage of pigment and the lipstick formulated with zein/dye-LDHs demonstrated good water resistance, low color migration, natural appearance and high sustainability. These results open a new direction for fabricating pigment with adjustable color hue, good hydrophobicity, high photostability and outstanding biocompatibility, which would inspire more exploration of other biohybrid pigments and applications. [Display omitted] • Zein/dye-LDHs biohybrid with a sandwich structure is first reported in hydrophobic pigment. • Zein/dye-LDHs exhibits enhanced photostability, better hydrophobicity as well as less toxicity compared to organic dyes. • The performance of Zein/dye-LDHs is elucidated by water resistance test, color migration test and sustainability evaluation. • The combination of LDHs intercalation and zein grafting is vital for determining the pigmentary and cosmetic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigated cortical activity and game performance in first-person shooter (FPS) players in similar to actual gaming environments. • High-skilled FPS players have fast reaction times and high accuracy during tasks. • High-skilled FPS players had a lower delta and theta power spectral density in the frontal and temporal areas. • High cortical activity and accuracy during the task were associated. First-person shooting (FPS) games are among the most famous video games worldwide. However, cortical activities in environments related to real FPS games have not been studied. This study aimed to determine differences in cortical activity between low- and high-skilled FPS game players using 160-channel electroencephalography. Nine high-skilled FPS game players (official ranks: above the top 10%) and eight low-skilled FPS game players (official ranks: lower than the top 20%) were recruited for the experiment. The task was set for five different conditions using the AimLab program, which was used for the FPS game players' training. Additionally, we recorded the brain activity in the resting condition before and after the task, in which the participants closed their eyes and relaxed. The reaction time and accuracy (the number of hit-and-miss targets) were calculated to evaluate the task performance. The results showed that high-skilled FPS game players have fast reaction times and high accuracy during tasks. High-skilled FPS game players had higher cortical activity in the frontal cortex than low-skilled FPS game players during each task. In low-skilled players, cortical activity level and performance level were associated. These results suggest that high cortical activity levels were critical to achieving high performance in FPS games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four previously unreported diterpenoids including three ent -atisanes (1–3) and one ent -abietane (4), along with one known linear triterpenoid (5) and five known diterpenoids including four myrsinanes (6–9), and one abietane (10) have been isolated from the roots of Euphorbia spinidens Bornm. ex Prokh. The structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR and comparison of the data with those reported in the literature. Antimicrobial potential of isolated compounds were also evaluated. Guionianol B (10) showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspercitrininone A (1), a novel polyketide featuring an unprecedented tetracyclic 6/6/6/5 spiral skeleton, was obtained from the rice fermentation cultures of the fungus Aspergillus cristatus together with five known compounds (2 – 6). Their structures were determined by HRESIMS data, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Aspercitrininone A was revealed as a new type of C/D cycle spiral structure and an unusual addition product of o-quinoid form citrinin with 2-methylterrefuranone. Compounds 1 , 4 , and 5 exhibited potent antibacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 13.2 to 67.3 μg/mL against four strains of human pathogenic bacteria in vitro. [Display omitted] • A novel polyketide aspercitrininone A was isolated from rice cultures of Aspergillus cristatus. • Aspercitrininone A possessed an unprecedented tetracyclic 6/6/6/5 spiral skeleton. • It could be formed by o-quinoid form citrinin with 2-methylterrefuranone through Michael addition reaction. • Aspercitrininone A exhibited antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five undescribed lignans, cleiseberharnins A–D (1 – 4), cleiseberharside A (5) were isolated from the fruits of Cleistanthus eberhartii (Phyllanthaceae), together with six known aryltetralin lignans, cleistantoxin (6), picroburseranin (7), neocleistantoxin (8), 7-hydroxypicropolygamain (9), cleisindoside D (10), and cleisindoside A (11). Their structures and relative configurations were established by analysis of HRESIMS and NMR data, and quantum chemical calculations of J H,H coupling constants. The absolute configurations of 1 – 5 were determined by analysis of their experimental CD spectra and comparison with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All compounds (1 − 11) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7, HepG-2, and Lu-1 human cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, compounds 6 and 7 showed strong activity against KB, MCF7, HepG2 and Lu-1 cell lines with IC 50 values in the range of 0.02–0.62 μM. Compound 1 showed activity against three cancer cell lines KB, HepG2, and Lu-1 with IC 50 values of 6.98, 7.61 and 11.75 μM, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited a selective inhibition with moderate cytotoxicity against Lu-1 with IC 50 value of 15.30 μM. Compounds 4 , 5 and 9 showed moderate activity against the three cancer cell lines with IC 50 values in the range of 8.73–19.70 μM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new ansamycin derivatives, named 1,19-epithio-geldanamycin A (1), 17-demethoxylherbimycin H (2), herbimycin M (3), and seco-geldanamycin B (4), together with eight known ansamycin analogues (5 – 12) were isolated from the solid fermentation of marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZYX-F-97. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All the compounds were assayed for their antibacterial activity. Among them, compounds 4 , 8 , and 12 exhibited remarkable inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ranging from 8 μg·mL−1 to 64 μg·mL−1, and displayed moderate inhibition against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC value of 64 μg·mL−1. Compounds 4 , 8 , 9 , and 12 showed moderate inhibition activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 32 μg·mL−1 to 128 μg·mL−1. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new steroidal glycosides (1–4), including two steroidal saponins named lililancifoloside B and C (1 – 2), one pregnane glycoside named lililancifoloside D (3), and one C22-steroidal lactone glycoside named lililancifoloside E (4), together with five known ones (5–9), were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. By using spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, the structures of 1–4 were elucidated. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cell lines. Compound 6 distinguished out among them, IC 50 values of 3.31, 5.23, 1.78, and 1.49 μM against the four cell lines, respectively. Other compounds such as compound 3 , 5 , and 9 have also shown specific cytotoxic activity. Next, studies showed that compound 6 might cause HepG2 cells to undergo a cell cycle arrest during the G2/M phase and apoptosis. [Display omitted] • Four new steroidal glycosides were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb.. • The cytotoxicity of all isolates against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cell lines were investigated. • Compound 6 displayed significant cytotoxic activitity against all tested cell lines. • Studies revealed that compound 6 could induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel fungal polyketides, phometides A (1) and B (2), together with four known compounds (3–6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. YUD17001 obtained from Gastrodia elata Blume. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystal diffraction, and time-dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT/ECD) calculations. Structurally, phometide A (1) represented the first example of C 12 polyketide characterized by an unusual tetrahydrobenzofuran-3(2 H)-one core with an α , β -unsaturated ketone functionality, while phometide B (2) was an unprecedented molecule containing a 2-pentylcycloheptan-1-one scaffold. In an antimicrobial activity assay, phometide A (1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 4 μg/mL. Phometide B (2) showed moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 16 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. [Display omitted] • Two novel fungal polyketides were identified from the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. YUD17001. • Phometide A possess an unusual tetrahydrobenzofuran-3(2 H)-one functionality. • Phometide B is a novel polyketone containing a 2-pentylcycloheptan-1-one scaffold. • Phometides A and B demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new furano-lactones, asperilactones A−C (1 – 3), and two known compounds silvaticol (4) and violaceic acid (5) were isolated from an ethanol extract of Aspergillus nidulans , a fungus isolated from the Annelida Whitmania pigra Whitman (Haemopidae). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopy, ECD calculations, comparing optical rotation values, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Asperilactone A (1) represented the first example of furano-lactone with an unusual 2-thia-6-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring system. Asperilactones A and B showed weak toxicity against the HL-60 and RKO. Three new furano-lactones, asperilactones A−C (1 – 3), and two known compounds silvaticol (4) and violaceic acid (5) were isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. Asperilactone A represented the first example of furano-lactone with an unusual thieno[3,2- b ]furan-2(3 H)-one skeleton. [Display omitted] • Three new furano-lactones and two known compounds were isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. • Asperilactone A represented the first example of furano-lactone with an unusual 2-thia-6-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring system. • The structure and absolute configuration of compound 1 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six anthraquinones were isolated from Morinda scabrida Craib, an unexplored species of Morinda found in the tropical forest of Thailand. All six anthraquinones showed cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells, with the most active compound, nordamnacanthal (MS01), exhibiting the IC 50 value of 16.3 ± 2.5 μM. The cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent and led to cell morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed dose-dependent apoptosis induction and the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which was in agreement with the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity of MS01. Molecular docking analysis illustrated the binding between MS01 and the α/β-tubulin heterodimer at the colchicine binding site, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy revealed the DNA binding capacity of MS01. [Display omitted] • Six anthraquinones were isolated from Morinda scabrida Craib, an unexplored species. • Nordamnacanthal exhibited the IC 50 value of 16.3 ± 2.5 μM against A549 lung cancer cells. • Apoptosis and the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest were induced by nordamnacanthal. • Antitubulin activity supported the cell cycle arrest activity of nordamnacanthal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight undescribed alkaloids named corydalisine D-K (1 – 7), including one isoquinoline benzopyranone alkaloid (1), one benzocyclopentanone alkaloid (2), four benzofuranone alkaloids (3 , 4 , and 5a / 5b) and two protoberberine alkaloids (6 and 7), along with fourteen known ones, were isolated from the Corydalis saxicola. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were unambiguously identified using spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron circular dichroism calculation. Compounds 2 , 14 and 21 exhibit antiproliferative activity against five cancer cell lines. The aporphine alkaloid demethylsonodione (compound 14), which exhibited the best activity (IC 50 = 3.68 ± 0.25 μM), was subjected to further investigation to determine its mechanism of action against the T24 cell line. The molecular mechanism was related to the arrest of cell cycle S-phase, inhibition of CDK2 expression, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of cell apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration, and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The results indicated that 14 could be used as a potential candidate agent for further development of anti-bladder transitional cell carcinoma. [Display omitted] • Eight new alkaloids were characterized from the DCM extract of Corydalis saxicola Bunting. • Compound 14 as a CDK2 inhibitor further accelerated apoptotic rate of T24 cells and induced apoptosis by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway dependent on the ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As our ongoing searching for the bioactive natural terpenoids, nine ent -kauranoids (1 – 9), including three previously undescribed ones (1 , 2 , and 9), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon amethystoides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR, MS, and ECD. Compounds 1 and 2 were a pair of tautomeric compounds, which was confirmed by the HPLC analysis and low temperature NMR testing. The underlying mechanism of the tautomer was proposed as an intramolecular S N 2 reaction, which was explained by quantum chemical calculation. The HOMO-LUMO gap and the free energy revealed the spontaneous of the tautomeric of the 1 and 2. Additionally, the similar phenomena were also found in the two groups of known compounds 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 , respectively. Apart from the tautomer, compounds 3 and 4 can be hydrolyzed into 5 through ester hydrolysis in CDCl 3 , while compounds 6 , 7 can be hydrolyzed into 8 through ester hydrolysis. These phenomena were also confirmed through HPLC analysis and low temperature nuclear magnetic resonance tests and the mechanism was studied using quantum chemical calculation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the main factors related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are qi stagnation and blood stasis of the five viscera. Previously, we showed that the bioactive components of Alhagi honey have various pharmacological effects in treating liver diseases, but the influence of Alhagi honey on ALD (and its mechanism of action) is not known. To determine the efficacy of the main active component of Alhagi honey, the polysaccharide AHPN80, in ALD and to explore the potential mechanism of action. AHPN80 was isolated from dried Alhagi honey and identified by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. Venous blood, liver tissue, and colon tissue were collected in a mouse model of alcohol-induced acute liver injury. Histology, staining (Oil Red O, Alcian Blue–Periodic Acid Schiff) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were used to detect histopathologic and lipid-accumulation changes in the liver and colon. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and the content of proinflammatory cytokines in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Commercial kits were employed to detect biochemistry parameters in serum and the liver. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining kit was used to identify hepatocyte apoptosis. Expression of tight junction-associated proteins in colon tissues and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1/toll-like receptor-4/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/HO-1/TLR4/MAPK) pathway-related proteins in liver tissues and HepG2 cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence or western blotting. In a mouse model of alcohol-induced acute liver injury, AHPN80 therapy: significantly improved liver parameters (cytochrome P450 2E1, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase); reduced serum levels of LPS, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis faction-α; increased levels of IL-10 and interferon-gamma. AHPN80 reduced ALD-induced lipid accumulation and ROS production, improved alcohol-induced inflammatory damage to hepatocytes, and inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting suggested that AHPN80 might eliminate hepatic oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, repair the intestinal barrier, inhibit the LPS/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway, and reduce liver inflammation. AHPN80 may activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to eliminate oxidative stress, protect the intestinal barrier, and regulate the TLR4/MAPK pathway to treat ALD in mice. AHPN80 could be a functional food and natural medicine to prevent ALD and its complications. [Display omitted] • AHPN80 could activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, scavenge ROS and eliminate oxidative stress effectively. • AHPN80 protected against intestinal-barrier dysfunction in alcohol-fed mice. • AHPN80 improved alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation via the TLR4/MAPK pathway. • AHPN80 can be a functional food/natural medicine to prevent ALD and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax Notoginseng (PN) can disperse blood stasis, hemostasis, and detumescence analgesic, which can be used for hemoptysis, hematemesis and another traumatic bleeding, and it is known as "A miracle hemostatic medicine". Studies show that the chemical composition of PN is relatively comprehensive, however, its hemostatic active ingredients have not been fully clarified. This study aimed to clarify the hemostatic effective components group (HECG) of PN, provide a foundation for the assessment of PN's quality and its comprehensive development, and for further studies on the pharmacodynamic material basis of other Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). UPLC-MS was used to establish the fingerprint and identify the common peaks in 44 batches of PN extracts (PNE). In addition, the plasma recalcification time and in vitro coagulation time were measured. For spectrum-effect analysis, bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) were used to screen the hemostasis candidate active monomers of PN. The monomers were prepared by combining several preparative chromatography techniques. The efficacy was verified by plasma recalcification time, in vitro coagulation time, and a rat model of gastric hemorrhage. A total of 30 common peaks and hemostatic efficacy indexes of 44 batches of PNE were obtained. A total of 18 components were positively correlated with the comprehensive coagulation index by two statistical methods. Six and eleven monomers were obtained respectively by chromatographic preparation and procurement, and one monomer was eliminated due to preparation difficulty and other reasons. Seven active monomers with direct hemostatic effect and one active monomer with synergistic hemostatic effect were screened through plasma recalcification time, and their combinations were used as candidate HECG for hemostatic effect verification. The results of in vitro experiments showed that plasma recalcification time and in vitro coagulation time were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the HECG group, compared to the PNE group. The results of in vivo experiment also indicated that the hemostatic effect of HECG was comparable to that of PNE and PN powder. The composition and efficacy of the HECG of PN were screened and verified using the spectral correlation method and in vivo and in vitro efficacy verification; the HECG included Dencichine, Ginsenoside Rg 1 , Ginsenoside Rd, Ginsenoside Rh 1 , Ginsenoside F 1 , Notoginsenoside R 1 , Notoginsenoside Ft 1 and Notoginsenoside Fe. These results laid a foundation for the quality evaluation of PN and provided a reference for the basic research of pharmacodynamic material basis of other TCMs. [Display omitted] • Clarify the hemostatic effective components group of Panax Notoginseng (PN). • Provide a foundation for the assessment of PN's quality and its comprehensive development.. • The selection of gastric hemorrhage model combines the meridian tropism theory and the clinical application of PN.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosin Yellow (EY) is commonly used for staining in medicine, biology, food industry, textiles, painting and cosmetics. The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of this synthetic dye have also attracted attention, making it an excellent tool for chemical identification and biosensor applications. Since EY is prone to photo-degradation upon illumination by photons at wavelengths near to the main absorption bands, special considerations should be taken into account regarding its optical characterization. In the present report, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) features of aqueous EY solution due to excitation at 405 nm and 532 nm wavelengths, under conditions with the least likelihood of photo-degradation, have been assessed by emphasizing the effect of LIF internal filters. The quantum distribution of LIF emission is demonstrated to be dependent on both the excitation wavelength and EY concentration, as well as the detection line of sight. Since the fluorescence spectrum of EY is a convolution of the monomer and dimer emissions, and those contributions change unevenly under the influence of internal filters, the corresponding spectral changeovers were investigated based on the assessment of spectral asymmetry and the use of difference spectra analysis. The inner filter effects, dimerization, and resonance energy transfer between monomers and dimers were the basis for the discussion of the results. • Fluorescence inner filters (IFs) of Eosin Y (EY) solution were assessed. • LIF accomplished under conditions with the least photo-degradation effect. • Monomers, dimers and higher aggregates determine LIF emission profile. • IFs depend on excitation wavelength, EY concentration and detection geometry. • Difference spectra analysis was used to assess the spectral changeovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood texture is pivotal in maximizing the value of trees and timber resources. Consequently, digital modeling and simulation of wood texture have become essential in wood science and industry. Therefore, researching simulation modeling techniques for digital wood texture has significant implications for advancing wood science and industry. This paper introduces a novel approach to modeling and simulating wood texture, focusing on the perspective of deep learning. The proposed method explored the viability of utilizing the StyleGAN model to generate digital wood texture. Fréchet Inception Distance(FID), visual Turing tests, and 1/f fluctuation spectrum analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the digital wood texture models. Additionally, various control techniques were discussed for generating digital wood texture using StyleGAN models. The experimental results strongly indicated that the StyleGAN model exhibits robust capabilities in generating digital wood texture, as evidenced by an FID index of 13. Moreover, the visual Turing tests revealed that professional identification was similar to random guessing, while the fluctuation spectrum analysis demonstrated pixel distribution frequencies similar to those observed in real wood textures. Furthermore, in terms of controlling the simulation of digital wood texture, the StyleGAN model demonstrated remarkable abilities surpassing any previous models based on physical modeling. By fine-tuning truncation parameters and employing network layer mixing techniques, the model could generate the wood texture of various tree species, demonstrating outstanding generalization capabilities. • A new StyleGAN-based simulation method for wood texture is proposed. • Multiple quantitative assessment tools were used to evaluate the simulation results. • Our method simulates wood textures of all tree species with strong generalization. • Wood texture simulation aids wood science and industry in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridges are crucial structures of a roadway system, always exposed to both natural and anthropic hazards. Several approaches have been investigated in the past two decades to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of bridges; the development of fragility curves represents a sound tool to evaluate their performances at a large scale. This study aims at the estimation of seismic fragility curves for a structural element of a very common bridge typology in Italy, that is the single circular cross-section pier of a simply supported Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridge. Two analytical methodologies for deriving fragility curves are applied to a case study model. The first one is the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM). This method accounts for the non-linearities and the seismic energy dissipation, in fact it is based on a non-linear static analysis and the definition of Damage States (DSs) on the capacity curve of the piers. By contrast, the second one is the Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA), that is a methodology based on a linear method. By using both methods, a parametric study is carried out, varying the bridge's geometrical and mechanical properties within standard ranges, to evaluate their effect on the seismic vulnerability of the pier. This study refers to four DSs and proposes a multilinear regression model to directly evaluate the pier's seismic performances based on the geometrical and mechanical properties of the bridge to which it belongs. • Derivation of fragility curves for circular piers in simply supported RC bridges. • RSA and CSM methods are applied and compared. • Parametric study on the influence of the main geometrical and mechanical properties of the bridge on its seismic capacity. • Multilinear regression model to evaluate the pier's seismic performance is implemented. • Predictive assessment of the median capacity of this type of pier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectrum sensing is a critical component of cognitive radio systems, enabling the detection and utilization of underutilized frequency bands. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), in particular, have showed promise in recent years for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of spectrum sensing. This paper presents an overview of spectrum sensing using CNNs and RNNs and their performance in cognitive radio systems. Furthermore, the paper delves into the spectrum sensing performance of RNNs, particularly for processing time-series data. RNNs are capable of capturing temporal dependencies in sequential data, which is essential for spectrum sensing tasks where signals evolve over time. Further, the parakeets such as probability of detection (Pd), Probability of false alarm (PFA), Bite Error rate (BER) and Power spectral density (PSD) are analysed for spectrum sensing algorithms. RNNs and CNNs, two examples of deep learning methods (DLM), performed better than more traditional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel joint denoising method signal method named IQSVD is proposed. • IPSD is proposed to select embedding dimension adaptively. • PI is used to determine reconstructed components. • IQSVD reduces noise form multivariate signals simultaneously. • IQSVD has better denoising ability than QSVD, MEMD and SVD. Singular value decomposition (SVD) has drawn increasing attention in recent years as an effective signal noise reduction method. However, it is inapplicable to multivariate signals with abundant fault information. Existing quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) can decompose multivariate signals simultaneously, but the methods based on QSVD dependent on the embedding dimension and reconstructed components order seriously, and they are not suitable to noisy signals. To solve the problem, a novel joint denoising method improved quaternion singular value decomposition (IQSVD) is proposed, which can determine two parameters adaptively. Firstly, to select the embedding dimension, the improved power spectral density (IPSD) is proposed with considering frequency features and time-domine traits together. And then the periodic intensity (PI) is used to determine the reconstructed components by searching the component composing the most abundant periodic part. Finally, combined with envelope spectrum analysis, the gear fault is diagnosed. The results of the gear simulated and experimental multivariate signals verify the effectiveness of proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed fluctuations will affect the statistical characteristics of rotating machinery vibrations, resulting in fuzzy fault features that are difficult to extract. This type of feature ambiguity can be interpreted as the vibrations are warped in time, and the related signal model is described as a time-warped almost-cyclostationary (ACS) process. By employing this sophisticated model in a de-warping procedure, the regular statistical properties of the signal are restored. In this paper, we exploit the de-warping method of Napolitano for restoring fault features of rotating machinery under fluctuating speed conditions. Notice that the time-warped ACS process belongs to a subclass of the oscillatory ACS signal model. More specifically, under moderate speed fluctuation conditions, rotating machinery signals are further characterized as modulated cyclical signals. Therefore, the de-warping can be achieved by demodulating the time-varying autocorrelation function. The approach avoids directly estimating the warping function by the complex non-convex optimization problem. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the solution is guaranteed. More clustered features lead to a more efficient diagnosis. In addition, the rotating speed can also be derived from the warping function without using a tachometer. Case studies of the experiments on a conventional bearing and a turbopump bearing with a large DN-value confirm the feasibility of the oscillatory ACS signal model. Furthermore, the superiority of the de-warping method is corroborated by the enhanced fault features in the classical cyclic spectrum analysis. • The regular statistical cyclicity in vibrations of rotating machinery are restored. • The de-warped signals are achieved by demodulating the time-varying autocorrelation function. • The rotating speed of the shaft can also be derived from the warping function without using a tachometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent works have established a novel viewpoint that treats the eigenvalue spectra of disordered quantum systems as time-series, and corresponding algorithm such as singular-value-decomposition has proven its advantage in studying subtle physical quantities like Thouless energy and non-ergodic extended regime. On the other hand, algorithms from complex networks have long been known as a powerful tool to study highly nonlinear time-series. In this work, we combine these two ideas together. Using the particular algorithm called visibility graph (VG) that transforms the eigenvalue spectra of a random spin system into complex networks, it is shown that the degree distribution of the resulting network is capable of signaturing the eigenvalue evolution during the thermal to many-body localization transition, and the networks in the thermal phase have a small-world structure. We further show these results are robust even when the eigenvalues are incomplete with missing levels, which reveals the advantage of the VG algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study proposes a novel sidereal filtering algorithm for accurate extraction of GPS multipath errors that can obtain precision displacements in a harsh environment. • The algorithm incorporates dynamic time warping (DTW) for separating gross errors and gross error-like multipath (GEM) from the data, enabling effective multipath modeling. • MSSA is utilized to extract the multipath errors considering the correlation between different components of the measurement matrix. • The proposed weighted fusion (WF) algorithm addresses the effects of missing data on multipath extraction, providing a reliable and comprehensive multipath correction model. Multipath is a significant obstacle to achieving high-precision deformation monitoring using the Global Positioning System (GPS) technique. Sidereal filtering (SF) can mitigate GPS multipath effects based on the multipath models derived from historical measurements, but its practical application in complex scenarios is still challenging due to unavoidable gross errors and missing data problems. In this paper, an improved SF algorithm is proposed that accurately extracts multipath immune to the effects of gross errors and missing values in historical measurements, aiming to obtain accurate displacements in a harsh environment. Specifically, a gross error detection method is first developed based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm to filter gross errors. Then, we adopt the multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) algorithm to extract initial multipath errors. Finally, we propose a weighted fusion (WF) algorithm to eliminate the impact of missing values and obtain the final multipath sequences. Extensive experiments with datasets collected from a real-world landslide, including both stable and sliding stations, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Results show that compared with the traditional SF method, our proposed method can effectively mitigate the effects of gross errors and missing values on multipath modeling, with the multipath filtering accuracy improving by approximately 12% and 21% for stable and sliding scenarios, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a combination of experimental measurements and polarizable molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the dielectric spectra of the protic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium acetate, shedding light on their dynamic behavior and intermolecular interactions when adding 1-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate to increase the fraction of a strong Brønsted acid in the system. The comparison between experimental and computational results provides valuable insights into the accuracy of the simulation models (with and without explicit proton transfer) and the ability to capture the intricate dynamical features of the protic ionic liquid. The investigation revealed complete deprotonation of trifluoroacetate, inducing a shift in the ionic liquid towards a more pronounced ionic state. The computational decomposition of the dielectric spectra into molecular translational and rotational contributions unveiled a reduction in the dielectric constant. This reduction was primarily ascribed to a decrease in translational contributions. Additionally, a strong correlation of the mutual orientation of molecules was found. The observed rise in conductivity upon the addition of 1-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate to the system was attributed to an increase in proton transport. • Trifluoroacetate is completely deprotonated. • Reduction in the dielectric constant due to decrease of translational contributions. • Strong correlation of molecular orientation. • Increase in conductivity due to rise of proton transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmon fillet was analysed via absorption spectroscopy with a hyperspectral camera (400–1000 nm) for four consecutive storage days. Optimised K-Nearest Neighbours analyses was performed on all variables (wavelengths) returning an average classification accuracy of 77.0 % for storage day prediction (across all days). A five principal component (PC) model returned an average accuracy of 73.7 % (all days). A histogram analysis of spectral pixels in the hyperspectral images matching reference spectra displayed increases in spoilt regions as the fillet aged for a Tail Bottom fillet section. Overall, five out of 12 of the fillet areas showed a monotonic increase in spoilage (p-value≈0.01). While Principal Component Analysis showed minimal separation in foremost PCs between days, this was improved by using 'fresh' and 'spoilt' class labels prescribed by the hyperspectral data. Via mean spectrum analysis, the dampening of an absorbance band around 600 nm was identified as the main discriminator between fresh and spoilt datasets. Therefore, spatial inhomogeneity of sample freshness should be considered in fish freshness studies, and hyperspectral imaging can be useful as tool to do so. [Display omitted] • Spectroscopy is emerging as a powerful tool to rapidly characterise the composition of different foods, which can be applied to food security. • Hyperspectral imaging, which combines spectroscopic and location information, can be used to ascertain spatial inhomogeneity in food samples. • Histogram analysis of images using a similarity algorithm isuseful to visualize spectroscopic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The H 2 O NMP cluster structure underwent thorough analysis via 2D Raman-COS Spectra. • Below V NMP < 20 %, NMP influences water's tetrahedral structure through embedding. • The pulsed laser accelerated the transition in the NMP-H 2 O solution's HB structure. The transitions of Hydrogen Bond (HB) structure with in the cluster structures of NMP-H 2 O solutions was conducted by combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Two-dimensional Correlation Raman Spectroscopy (2D Raman-COS). When V NMP < 20 %, NMP molecule is incorporated into the tetrahedral structure of water through an "insertion" mechanism, by displacing some H 2 O molecules and establishing HB. This interaction strengthens the tetrahedral arrangement in water, causing the free O H bond length to be compressed. When V NMP > 20 %, large amounts of NMP molecules were self-assembled through dipole-dipole alignment, and the NMP·2H 2 O, NMP·H 2 O, and 2NMP·H 2 O clusters gradually substitute the tetrahedral structure of water, leading to the disruption of the HB network in water. Furthermore, it was observed that the pulsed laser beam accelerated the transition point of the HB structure in the NMP-H 2 O solution. This research provides references for the application of NMP in the fields of aqueous batteries from the view of HB with electrolyte. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of 117 BnaCPAs , comprising NHXs , KEAs , and CHXs , were identified in rapeseed. • Overexpression of BnaA05.NHX2 significantly improved rapeseed salt resistance. • BnaA05.NHX2 was localized on the tonoplast. • Overexpression of BnaA05.NHX2 increased vacuolar Na+ concentrations. • This study provides novel insights into the exploration of BnaCPA s' function. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is susceptible to nutrient stresses during growth and development; however, the CPA (cation proton antiporter) family genes have not been identified in B. napus and their biological functions remain unclear. This study was aimed to identify the molecular characteristics of rapeseed CPAs and their transcriptional responses to multiple nutrient stresses. Through bioinformatics analysis, 117 BnaCPAs , consisting of three subfamilies: Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX), K+ efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H+ antiporter (CHX), were identified in the rapeseed genome. Transcriptomic profiling showed that BnaCPAs , particularly BnaNHXs , were transcriptionally responsive to diverse nutrient stresses, including Cd toxicity, K starvation, salt stress, NH 4 + toxicity, and low Pi. We found that the salt tolerance of the transgenic rapeseed lines overexpressing BnaA05.NHX2 was significantly higher than that of wild type. Subcellular localization showed that BnaA05.NHX2 was localized on the tonoplast, and TEM combined with X-ray energy spectrum analysis revealed that the vacuolar Na+ concentrations of the BnaA05.NHX2 -overexpressing rapeseed plants were significantly higher than those of wild type. The findings of this study will provide insights into the complexity of the BnaCPA family and a valuable resource to explore the in-depth functions of CPA s in B. napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft contact lenses have been developed and licensed for reducing myopia progression. These lenses have different designs, such as extended depth of focus (EDOF) and dual focus (DF). In this prospective, double-masked, cross-over study, different lens designs were investigated to see whether these had impact on accommodative microfluctuations and eye movements during reading. Participants were fitted with three lenses in a randomised order; a single vision (SV) design (Omafilcon A2; Proclear), a DF design (Omafilcon A2; MiSight), and an EDOF lens design (Etafilcon A; NaturalVue),. Accommodative microfluctuations were measured at 25 cm for at least 60s in each lens, using a Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor adapted to continuously record accommodation at 22Hz. Eye movement data was collected with the Thomson Clinical Eye Tracker incorporating a Tobii Eye bar. Eye movements include fixations per row, fixations per minute, mean regressions per row, total number of regressions, and total rightward saccades. Accommodation data was analysed using power spectrum analysis. Differences between the lenses were compared using a related sample two-way Friedman test. Twenty-three participants (18–29 years) were recruited to take part. The average mean spherical error was −2.65D ± 1.42DS, with an average age of 23.4 ± 3.5 years. No significant difference for accommodative microfluctuations was found. Significant differences were found for fixations per row (P = 0.03), fixations per minute (P = 0.008), mean regressions per row (P = 0.002), and total number of regressions (P = 0.002), but not total rightward saccades (P = 0.10). Post-hoc analysis indicated the EDOF lens results were significantly different from the other lenses, with more regressive eye movements observed. Regressive saccades appear to increase when wearing EDOF lens designs, which may impact visual comfort. Further studies in children, over a longer period of adaptation are necessary to assess the potential impact of this finding on daily reading activities in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equivalent linear static procedure suggested in seismic codes for determining the maximum displacements of seismic isolation systems is evaluated comprehensively for friction pendulum isolators with respect to the benchmark nonlinear response history analysis procedure for a set of radii of curvature and coefficients of friction. A large set of selected and scaled near field ground motions recorded on stiff and soft soils are employed in comparative evaluations. It has been observed that equivalent linear static procedure significantly overestimates the maximum isolator displacements for all practical combinations of radius of curvature and friction coefficient. Overestimation is larger for ground motions on soft soils. Alternatively, a practical description of inelastic displacement spectra is introduced where the hazard is defined in terms of the 1-second spectral acceleration accounting for the seismicity and soil class of the site, and friction pendulum isolation systems are characterized by their radius of curvature and nominal friction coefficient. Employing the proposed design spectra in design and production may lead to significant reductions of the isolator sizes. Moreover, realistic estimation of maximum isolator displacements also leads to realistic estimation of isolator stiffness, as well as the internal design forces of both the isolation system and the superstructure through response spectrum analysis under design spectrum. • Significant conservatism in the estimation of design displacement of friction pendulum isolation systems is investigated. • This conservatism is presented and reported through nonlinear response history analysis results obtained under near field ground motions recorded on stiff and soft soils which are scaled to design spectrum. • An alternative description of inelastic displacement spectra is introduced where the hazard is defined in terms of the 1-second spectral acceleration accounting for the seismicity and soil class of the site, and the friction pendulum isolation systems are characterized by their radius of curvature and friction coefficient. • Employing the proposed design spectra in design and production will expectedly lead to significant reductions in the isolator sizes and accordingly isolator costs in seismic isolation projects, hence encourage the dissemination of seismic isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of an adverse streamwise pressure gradient on the wake dynamics of a small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine. The study used high-frequency constant temperature hotwire anemometry to measure wake velocities up to 7 rotor diameters (d T) downstream. Two cases were studied: zero pressure gradient (ZPG) and adverse pressure gradient (APG). Experimental conditions included a Reynolds number based on the rotor diameter of R e ≈ 6. 7 × 1 0 4 and an inflow velocity of 7 m/s. The results show significant differences between the ZPG and APG cases as the wake progresses downstream. The APG case exhibits a higher maximum velocity deficit in the far wake and a more distorted, oval-shaped wake than the ZPG case. Turbulence intensity trends also differ, with a decreasing trend in the ZPG case and an increasing trend in the APG case. Energy spectra analysis at specific wake locations offers insights into flow structure development. In both cases, small-scale (high-frequency) energy decreases as the wake advances, while large-scale (low-frequency) energy increases. Specifically, the adverse pressure gradient attenuates certain large-scale flow structures λ x / d T ∈ [ 0. 05 , 0. 2 ] , corresponding to f ∈ [ 20 , 100 ] Hz near the rotor tip height and narrows downstream. Additionally, in the APG case, energy increases in the lower half of the wake for flow structures ranging from λ x / d T ∈ [ 0. 04 , 0. 5 ] , or f ∈ [ 10 , 100 ] Hz near the rotor, narrowing further downstream. The results suggest that an adverse pressure gradient enhances turbulence and hinders velocity recovery toward freestream conditions in the wake of a wind turbine. • Turbine wake in adverse pressure gradient (APG) displays wake deformation. • APG reduces wake recovery and raises turbulence compared to zero pressure gradient. • Pressure gradient cases show increased energy of large-scale structures in the wake. • Adverse pressure gradient attenuates large-scale flow structures near rotor top tip. • Adverse pressure gradient shows increased energy in large-scale structures at rotor lowest tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on investigating the phosphorescence efficiency of binary zinc–phosphate glasses co-doped with dysprosium and/or praseodymium oxides together with their corresponding glass ceramics. The studied glass series was prepared directly by the conventional melting and quenching method. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated an exothermic peak at 550 °C that was applied to yield glass-ceramic samples. The major monoclinic phase of Zn 2 P 2 O 7 was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR and SEM–EDAX were applied to identify the structural morphology of the prepared samples. The optical efficiency was characterized through UV–Visible–NIR absorption spectra and photoluminescence analysis. Both light emissions and their corresponding lifetimes were enhanced significantly in glass–ceramic. These samples display high CRI, low color temperature, and CIE values comparable to those expected for pure white-light and warm yellow emitting diodes. • Glass samples of (ZnO 45 mol.% - P 2 O 5 55 mol.%) with different contents of Dy3+ and/or Pr3+ as dopants have been prepared. • Differential thermal analysis (DTA) displayed an exothermic peak at 550 °C that was used to get glass-ceramic samples. • X-ray diffraction, Infrared and SEM–EDAX were applied to identify the structural morphology of the prepared samples. • The optical efficiency was characterized through UV–Visible–NIR absorption spectra and photoluminescence analysis. • Both light emissions and their corresponding lifetimes were enhanced significantly in glass–ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Sr 2 SiO 4 phosphors with different Sm3+ concentrations and Sr 2 SiO 4 :0.006Sm3+ phosphors obtained from the coal gasification slag as raw materials have been synthesized by the high-temperature solid-phase method. The influence of Sm3+ ions and the purity of SiO 2 on the structural and optical attributes of Sr 2 SiO 4 have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and fluorescence lifetime analysis. XRD results showed that the doping ions have entered into the host lattice, and SEM shown the crystallite sizes have been found to vary from 1 to 3 μm. PL spectra displayed that the emission intensity of the samples increased with the increase in concentrations of Sm3+ ions. At the optimum doping concentration, the luminous intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the sample prepared by the purified silica is much higher than that of the phosphor prepared by the chemical product silica, which is close to that of the pure chemical reagent. Finally, we explored the application of fluorescent powder in pc-WLED devices. Notably, the devices exhibited excellent luminous performance at 20 mA current. The results demonstrate that coal gasification slag (CGS) product can be used to synthesize brilliant materials with potential uses for the pc-WLED technology. • The high fluorescence intensity Sm3+ doped Sr 2 SiO 4 phosphors were prepared using silica extracted from coal gasification slag as raw materials. • Effect of raw material purity was investigated from the excitation and emission spectra analysis. • The luminescence performance of Sr 2 SiO 4 phosphor is found to be strongly dependent on rare earth ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrared (IR) spectra of nanocrystalline TiC particles have been compared before and after gamma radiation (5 Mrad, 15 Mrad, 50 Mrad and 150 Mrad) in the 400–4000 cm−1 wavenumber. According to the general approach, the analysis of the spectra has revealed that four sharp peaks appear in the sample before gamma radiation. The value of the wavenumber in TiC nanoparticles, which explains the Ti–C bond, has been determined before and after gamma radiation. Amorphous transformation and other changes in the nanocrystalline TiC particles under the gamma radiation have been explained by FTIR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, the effects of gamma radiation have been explained by wavenumbers corresponding to various spatial oscillations on the surface of nanocrystalline TiC particles. Moreover, the optimized bond structure of TiC nanoparticles and possible bond changes under the gamma radiation are described elaborately in the study. • The major peaks of Ti–O or C–O bonds completely disappear under the gamma radiation. • Under the high doses of gamma radiation cause significant changes in the FTIR spectra of nano TiC particles. • Amorphous transmutation was observed at the relatively high doses of gamma radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twin-barge lifting method, applied in the overall salvaging scheme of 'SEWOL', is one of the main approaches for salvaging large-tonnage shipwrecks. A model experiment for the twin-barge lifting shipwreck salvaging system was conducted for three typical salvaging stages. Based on the experimental results, this study investigated the coupled dynamic response characteristics of the multi-body system consisting of the shipwreck and twin barges. The coupling effects between the multi-body system were discussed to understand the complex dynamic behaviour in twin-barge salvaging system, utilizing spectrum and statistical analysis. Additionally, this study considered the influence of the environment direction on the barge motion. It was revealed that the multi-body system exhibits significant shielding, which greatly affects the heave, roll, and pitch motions, particularly for beam and quarter seas. The maximum sling tension, including the case of single lifting sling broken, was also analysed to ensure safety under extreme conditions. Finally, it is advisable to perform salvage operations in head seas considering motion response amplitude, and to conduct the salvage in beam seas from the perspective of lifting slings safety. This study is of great significance for improving the safety of large-tonnage wreck salvage operations, promoting the development of research on multi-body system. • A model experiment for the twin-barge lifting shipwreck salvaging system was conducted. • The coupled dynamic response characteristics of the multi-body system consisting of wreck and twin barges were investigated. • The significant shielding effect of multi-body system was studied. • The maximum sling tension was analysed and the case of single lifting sling broken was considered. • The valuable suggestions for the environment direction suitable for wreck salvage operations were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Full Spectrum Imaging System (FSIS-II) was assessed for the detection of latent fingermarks on a variety of substrates, specifically focusing on UV-C imaging for untreated marks and those that have been treated with cyanoacrylate (CA). The use of UV-C was effective at the detection of latent fingermarks on a variety of substrates and UV-C imaging may be effective when UV-A does not provide any fingermark detections on thermal paper. A Phase 2 and a small Phase 3 trials on aluminium cans were carried out with a detection sequence of UV-C imaging, CA fuming, UV-C imaging, UV-A imaging and BY40. For Phase 2 laboratory trials, the use of initial UV-C reflection was effective at removing the background and was a useful tool for initial screening. The use of UV-C was superior to UV-A after CA fuming and provided the highest overall number of high-quality marks. For phase 3 trials, the results showed that BY40 fluorescence was marginally more effective than UV-C imaging of CA-treated marks. This preliminary study shows that the FSIS-II and UV-C imaging can complement other methods for the detection of latent fingermarks. • UV-C imaging can complement other methods for the detection of latent fingermarks. • The use of UV-A and UV-C reflection improves the contrast of cyanoacrylate (CA) treated marks. • Both Phase 2 and 3 trials showed that UV-C reflection of CA treated marks is effective. • UV-C is more effective than UV-A for the imaging of CA treated fingermarks. • The use of CA dye staining with BY40 is important in the overall sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important steps in recording, processing and analyzing gamma-ray spectra is stabilizing the measured spectrum. Baseline shifts and gain changes of any origin including environmental condition, high voltage instability and amplifying not only cause drifts in gamma-ray spectrum, but also force the spectrum to be noticeably distorted. In this work, a stabilization method based on full gamma-ray spectrum shape consideration is introduced for online as well as offline stabilization of gamma-ray spectra. The method relies upon sequentially comparing spectra, each measured during a time window, and subsequently finding the optimum shift for each time window using an artificial intelligence method aiming at minimizing the difference between the general shapes of the spectra. By utilizing spectra measured during shorter acquisition times and stabilizing them, a stable spectrum can be obtained for the longer acquisition time without the need to determine the detection system parameters, peak positions, or perform energy calibration. Subsequently, a sequence of stabilized spectra converging to the total stabilized spectrum is created. The proposed method has been applied to stabilize and analyze 14 MeV neutron induced prompt gamma-ray (PG) spectra of various samples measured using a 3 × 3 inch NaI detector. Additionally, the method has been used to stabilize the recorded spectra of 152Eu and 60Co gamma-ray point sources. The proposed method has efficiently stabilized all the tested gamma-ray spectra, resulting in a significant improvement of the analysis results. • Stabilizing gamma-ray spectra using full spectrum shape. • An artificial intelligence method is exploited for stabilization. • Evaluating the proposed model using various measured gamma-ray spectra. • Measured spectra include spectra of point sources and PG spectra of samples. • The proposed method has efficiently stabilized all gamma-ray spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berberine (BBR) and silybin (SIY) are natural compounds obtained from Berberidaceae members and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. , respectively. These compounds have been demonstrated to regulate lipid metabolism and indue hepatoprotective effects, establishing their importance for the treatment of liver injury. Combination therapy has shown promise in treating ailments with complex pathophysiology, such as liver diseases. However, the inconsistent dissolution and poor absorption of BBR and SIY limit their efficacy. This study compared the salt formulation (BSS) and physical mixture (BSP) of BBR and SIY for their efficacy in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The formation of the BSS was confirmed using various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry. In addition, dissolution, trans-epithelial permeability, and bioavailability experiments were conducted to evaluate the absorption and distribution of drugs. Pharmacodynamics and mechanisms were investigated through in vivo experiments. BSS form demonstrated synchronized dissolution of both components, unlike BSP. Additionally, the transepithelial permeability results revealed that BSS exhibited superior penetration and absorption of both BBR and SIY in comparison to BSP. Furthermore, BSS significantly increased the bioavailability of SIY in both plasma and the liver (2.2- and 4.5-fold, respectively) when compared with BSP. Moreover, BSS demonstrated a more potent inhibitory effect on lipid production in HepG2 cells than BSP. In mouse models (BALB/c) of NAFLD, BSS improved disease outcomes, as evidenced by decreased adipose levels, normalized blood lipid levels, and reduced liver parenchyma injury. Preliminary transcriptomics analysis suggested that BSS achieved its anti-NAFLD effect by regulating the expression of fatty acid transporter CD36, recombinant fatty acid binding protein 4, and stearyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 1, which are associated with the synthesis and uptake of fatty acid-related proteins. The study demonstrated that compared with physical mixing, salification improved the efficacy of BBR and SIY, as demonstrated in animal experiments. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of more effective treatments for NAFLD and provide new possibilities for combination therapies. Legend: The salt formulation (BSS) of berberine (BBR) and silybin (SIY) exhibited superior efficacy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). BSS demonstrated a more potent inhibitory effect on lipid formation compared with BBR–SIY physical mixture (BSP). In a mouse model (BALB/c), BSS showed improved disease outcomes, as evidenced by decreased adipose levels, normalized blood lipid levels, and reduced liver parenchyma injury, compared with BSP. BSS mediates its anti-NAFLD effect by regulating the expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36, recombinant fatty acid binding protein 4, and stearyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 1, which are associated with the synthesis and uptake of fatty acid-related proteins. [Display omitted] • The salt of berberine and silybin exhibits superior effects in treating NAFLD. • The salt shows enhanced penetration and absorption of both berberine and silybin. • Salification resulted in greater efficacy of the two drugs than physical mixing. • This approach addresses the challenge of poor bioavailability of natural compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drynaria quercifolia is an epiphytic fern distributed all over Bangladesh with traditional use in treating neurological disorders and other ailments. Although several pharmacological activities of D. quercifolia have been investigated, the neuroprotective potential of this plant is still unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of D. quercifolia and the neuroprotective effect in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mouse model. The crude methanol extract (DCM) of the plant was fractionated to prepare n-hexane (DHF), chloroform (DCF), ethyl acetate (DEF), and aqueous (DAF) factions. All the fractions were evaluated for anticholinesterase activity by modified Ellman's method and the antioxidant activity by several in vitro assays such as DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging, reducing power, and inhibition of brain lipid peroxidation. The effect of the most active fractions (both DCF and DEF) on learning and memory was assessed in scopolamine-induced mouse model of memory-impairment by Morris water maze tasks. Biochemical assays were performed in brain tissue. The active compound was isolated and characterized by chromatographic, spectroscopic, and molecular docking methods. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated a high content of phenolic and flavonoid in DEF. In vitro studies revealed a strong antioxidant power of DEF and anticholinesterase activity of DCF. Both the DCF and DEF significantly (P˂0.05) reduced the escape latency time in the Morris's water maze tasks, and increased the time spent in the northeast quadrant in the probe trial. Biochemical data demonstrated that treatment with DCF and DEF at different doses significantly (P˂0.0001) inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, restored GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels in the brain of scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice, indicating the protective effect of D. quercifolia , possibly by acetylcholinesterase inhibition and oxidative stress prevention. Chromatographic methods of separation led to he isolation of catechin and protocatechuric acid from DEF and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid from DCF. The structure of the compounds was determined by studies of their 1H-NMR spectra. Molecular docking as well as in vitro study suggests the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds. Our study suggested that the extracts of D. quercifolia , due to anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity, ameliorate the scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and thus may represent therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. [Display omitted] • The chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of Drynaria quercifolia rhizome exhibited considerable anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity in vitro. • Both the fractions significantly improved learning and memory in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice via cholinesterase & lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, and non-enzymes augmentation. • The predominant compounds were found to be 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the chloroform fraction, and catechin & 2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzoic acid in the ethylacetate fraction, which were responsible for both anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities as evidenced from in vitro and molecular docking studies. • These results support the traditional use of D. quercifolia in the neurological disorder and suggest that both the chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of the plant may represent therapeutics in the prevention or treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a full-field strain analysis of the appearance/disappearance of twinned martensite in a Cu–Al–Ni single crystal subjected to thermal cycles. Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA) was employed to process images of a checkerboard pattern preprinted on the sample's surface, enabling us to obtain strain maps with a suitable trade-off between strain resolution (2 × 1 0 − 4 ) and spatial resolution (0.26 mm). During the cooling of the initially austenitic sample, habit plane variants (HPVs) were identified from the in-plane components of their mean right strain tensor. The match between measured data and theoretical expectations enabled us to measure the stretch parameters associated with the cubic-to-orthorhombic transformation occurring in the material. Various deformation mechanisms were revealed by an analysis in the strain space. In particular, the process of martensite appearance during cooling appeared to be based on the coordinated activation of HPVs pairs whose strain levels globally compensate each other. Elastic strain gradients were also evidenced, highlighting the need for additional deformation to achieve kinematic compatibility at microstructure interfaces. Lastly, several thermal cycles were applied to the previously-trained sample, enabling us to quantify the level of spatio-temporal repeatability of the phase transformation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flowers of Inula japonica (Inulae Flos) can be used to treat cough and asthma and remove phlegm in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Our research aimed to obtain active components with the inhibition of inflammation and MUC5AC production to alleviate asthma symptoms from I. japonica. These compounds were separated from the MeOH extract of Inulae Flos by column chromatography over silica gel, AB-8 macroporous resin column, MPLC, and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis, ECD calculations, and chemical methods. NO production was determined to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of MUC5AC, IL-1 β , and IL-4 were measured in NCI–H292 cells by qRT-PCR. The anti-asthma activity assessments in vivo were performed through H & E and PAS staining, pulmonary function analysis, and cytokines determination by qRT-PCR or ELISA. The expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, MEK, p-MKE, ERK, p-MEK, and IL-1 β were analyzed through western blotting. One undescribed 1,10- seco -eudesmanolide derivative (1), two previously unreported 1,10- seco -eudesmanolide glycosides (2 and 3), and thirty-two known compounds (4 – 35) were obtained from Inulae Flos. Compound 11 had the most inhibitory effect against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Meanwhile, compound 11 also attenuated the increase in MUC5AC, IL-1 β , and IL-4 mRNA expression in NCI–H292 cells. The results of the animal experiment confirmed that compound 11 significantly ameliorated OVA-induced asthma in a murine model of allergic asthma demonstrated by elevated pulmonary function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. In addition, compound 11 significantly inhibited the levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum, of IL-4 and IL-6 in BALF, and of MUC5AC, IL-1 β , IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue. Finally, compound 11 suppressed PI3K/AKT/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in lung tissue of mice. This study indicated that compound 11 might be a potential therapeutic candidate ameliorating airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion via PI3K/AKT/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in allergic asthma. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous measurement of temperature and concentration of species for emission-based measuring methods is difficult due to the coupling of the radiation from soot and gas. In this paper, a new method, the stochastic particle swarm optimization and line-by-line (SPSO-LBL) algorithm using emission spectrum, was proposed for simultaneous reconstruction of temperature, concentration of H 2 O and soot. The validation results calculated by SPSO-LBL algorithm showed that the average relative error was less than 0.1%, verifying the accuracy of SPSO-LBL algorithm. The flame temperature, molar fraction of H 2 O and soot volume fraction (SVF) in laminar ethylene flames at different equivalence ratios were inverted using SPSO-LBL algorithm based on the emission spectrum of flame. The results showed that the calculated spectral radiative intensity agreed well with the measured spectral radiative intensity, and the maximum relative error was less than 8% for all cases. Under the equivalence ratios of 0.80, 1.07 and 1.38, the temperature, molar fraction of H 2 O, and SVF decreased with the increase of height due to the radiative heat transfer between flame and surrounding environment as well as diffusion of H 2 O and soot from burner nozzle to the downstream of the flame. When the equivalence ratio increased to 1.75, the temperature increased first and then decreased, the molar fraction of H 2 O decreased, and the SVF increased with the increase of height since the suppression effect of H 2 O on the formation of soot decreased. • SPSO-LBL algorithm was proposed for reconstruction calculation. • The flame temperature, H 2 O and soot concentration were measured simultaneously. • The flame measurement results were affected by the equivalence ratio. • The suppression of soot by H 2 O occurred with equivalence ratios less than 1.75. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. is a medicinal and edible plant with various benefits for humans and animals. In this work, four new phenolic constituents (1 – 4), along with six known phenolic compounds (5 – 10) were obtained from the red bulbs of E. bulbosa. Their structures with absolute configurations were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis, combined with HR-ESI-MS and quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel homologous and heterodimers, respectively, featuring an unusual spiro ring system. All isolated phenolic constituents were tested for their antibacterial effects. The results revealed four phenolic compounds 1–3 and 7 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus a nd Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15.6 to 250.0 μg/mL. [Display omitted] • Ten phenolic constituents were isolated from the red bulbs of Eleutherine bulbosa. • Compounds 1 and 2 are novel homologous and heterodimers, respectively, featuring an unusual spiro ring system. • Four phenolic compounds 1–3 and 7 showed moderate antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 15.6 to 250.0 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five novel lignans, namely styraxjaponica A-E (1–5), together with eight known compounds (6–13) were isolated from the leaves of Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. Their chemical structures were characterized by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis as well as by comparison to the literature. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were further determined by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations powered by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1–5 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were also evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. All compounds displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity without affecting cell viability in vitro. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new compounds, including two depsidones garciculendepsidones A and B (1 and 2), one prenylated xanthone garciculenxanthone (3) and three dimeric xanthones bigarciculenxanthones A–C (4 – 6), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Garcinia esculenta Y. H. Li. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analyses of spectral data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD calculation. All the isolates were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (myeloid leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A-549 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and colon cancer SW480), among them, compounds 3 – 5 displayed cytotoxic potential, especially garciculenxanthone (3) had the lowest IC 50 value of 8.2 μm for lung cancer A-549 cells. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragon's blood is a red resin obtained from different plants and is considered highly efficacious and used in medicine owing its wound healing function. Two new compounds (7 and 8) were isolated from the dragon's blood of Daemonorops draco fruits, along with eight known compounds (1–6 , 9 , and 10). Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. According to the spectroscopic data, 8 was determined to be a quinone methide derivative of flavan and 7 was deduced to be a flavan trimer. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-osteoclastogenesis activity, compound 1 and 7 exhibited anti-osteoclastogenesis activity with IC 50 values of 31.3 and 36.8 μM, respectively. [Display omitted] • Two new compounds and eight known compounds were isolated from Daemonorops draco. • One new compound was a flavan trimer with unique binding style. • Pinocembrin and new flavan trimer inhibited osteoclast differentiation. • D. draco showed the potential to help to develop new drugs for osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters (MDOs) with a 1-alkyl group originating from a C 14 aliphatic chain is extremely limited in the plant kingdom and has only been isolated from Edgeworthia chrysantha. In the present study, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed on different parts of E. chrysantha , including flower buds, flowers, leaves, and stems, and resulted in the identification of seven MDOs in all the four plant parts, including two previously unreported compounds 1 and 7. Further LC-MS guided isolation was carried out to afford compounds 1 and 7 , and their structures were determined by various spectroscopic analyses. These compounds were also evaluated for anti-HIV activity, thus expanding insights into the structure-activity relationships for MDOs. [Display omitted] • Seven macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters were identified from Edgeworthia chrysantha by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. • ESI-MS/MS fragmentation of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters was elucidated. • Two unreported compounds were isolated by LC-MS guided isolation. • Structures of isolated compounds were determined by various spectroscopic analyses. • Isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]