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The article describes a study on the growth and development of black and white children with dyslalia in Michigan. The primary data for the investigation were obtained by conducting a comprehensive speech survey in the Willow Run Public Schools to determine the total number of black and white elementary children having articulatory handicaps. Children with sufficient reading skill were asked to read several sentences containing all the consonant sounds and blends in the initial and final oppositions.

Studies the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth and development of natural populations of Dactylis glomerata from Norway and Portugal. Description of materials and methods used in the study; Results of statistical analysis; Results of glasshouse experiment; Relative growth rate; Leaf area ratio; Net assimilation rate; Relative leaf growth rate; Strategy of adaptation to the Norwegian and Portuguese environments.

Provides information on research films made in the study of child growth and development and disease patterns in primitive cultures of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. 'People of the Kuru Region'; 'Kuru: A Clinical Study'; 'Diseases of the Kuru Region.'

Height and radial growth of spruce in years n + 1, n + 2, and n + 3 as affected by photoperiod and temperature in year n have been studied in controlled environments and in the field. In agreement with common opinion apical shoot growth in year n + 1 was strongly dependent on the temperature conditions prevailing in the period following budset in year n. This was found mainly to be a direct effect upon the differentiation of the shoot and needle primordia for next year's growth. A similar, although less pronounced effect, was found also on radial growth, possibly an indirect effect elicited through the effect on apical growth. A rather wide temperature optimum of 18 to 24°C was found in three Norwegian ecotypes and a somewhat lower optimum (15 to 18°C) in an Austrian high altitude ecotype. The shorter the bud differentiation period, the higher was the temperature optimum in all ecotypes (heat sum effect). Photoperiod which is the main factor controlling the time of budset, thus had a great after-effect. The after-effect was strongly modified by photoperiod and to a lesser extent also by temperature in the current growing season. It is concluded that in second-year or older spruce plants the important effect of photoperiod in the current growing season is to control quantitatively and qualitatively the amount of secondary (lammas) shoot formation, and to modify shoot extension in the main growth flush. Longer photoperiods were needed for continuation or resumption of growth in second-year plants than for maintenance of uninterrupted growth in first-year seedlings. Delayed flushing was observed in plants maturing at high temperatures, indicating that these plants had entered a deeper state of dormancy than those maturing at lower temperatures. Also in years n + 2 and n + 3 apical and radical growth was significantly related to photoperiod and temperature conditions in year n. This effect gradually became an indirect one through the effects on general plant size (leaf and root area). The results are discussed in the light of previous work in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a case report on the incidence of the ketotic hyperglycinemia in a child. Medical history and clinical assessment of the patient; Physiological analysis of the condition; Medical admission and treatment.

Vitamin-requiring marine algae, Cyclotella nana, Monochrysis lutheri, and Amphidinium carterae, were grown in batch culture with limiting concentratiosn of vitamine B[SUB12], thiamine, and biotine, respectively. Cell numbers, average cell volumes, biomasses, [SUP14]CO[SUB2] uptake rates, and chlorophyll a contents were determined daily. Maximum [SUP14]CO[SUB2] uptake rates in most vitamin concentrations were obtained at 2 days with C. nana and M. lutehri and at 4 days with A. carterae after starved cultures were exposed to the vitamin. Radiocarbon uptake rates approximately reflect biomass increases. Cell numbers were proportional to vitamine concentrations when cells were incubated for 2 to 3 more days. Cell sizes varied depending on time of incubation. Chlorophyll a content did not always reflect vitamin concentrations. Maximum carbon assimilation rates (K[SUBm]) and saturation constants (K[SUBn]) determined from [SUP14]CO[SUB2] uptake rates in different vitamin concentrations during early incubation were higher than when determined from cell number in log phase growth. Dissolved vitamin B[SUB12], thiamine, and biotin in many samples of seawaters were in the ranges which influence the growth rate, cell size, and chlorophyll a content of C. nana, M. lutheri, and A. carterae, respectively, in laboratory studies. The effects of vitamins of these algae in situ may be similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a field, experiment with winter barley in which severe mildew occurred early in the autumn are described. Where the disease was controlled with ethirimol (‘Milstem’)* seed dressing, the production of adventitious roots and tillers in the autumn was significantly increased and more of the tillers developed to maturity leading to higher grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of general effects of phosphorus deficiency on plant growth are described. The experiments employed a wide range of species from different ecological habitats. Most species followed a similar pattern regardless of ecological origin. Seed size seemed to be the principal factor determining the severity of deficiency in short-term experiments. Deficiency affected root/shoot ratio, hydration and leuco-anthocyanin content. Even when plants were severely affected by deficiency they were sensitive to the physical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the effect of 100 mg/l each of GA3, TIBA and IAA singly and in combination with each other on stem elongation, development of lateral branches and floral bud initiation in Impatiens balsamina plants exposed to 8-, 16- and 24-h photoperiods. GA3 enhances stem elongation, the enhancing effect decreasing with IAA as well as with TIBA during 8-h but increasing during 16- and 24-h photoperiods. It decreases the number of lateral branches, the decrease being greatest during 16-, less during 8- and the least during 24-h photoperiods. The time taken for floral buds to initiate with and length of branches during 16-h photoperiods. During 8-h photoperiods, IAA delays the initiation of floral buds, while GA3 hastens it when used together with TIBA or IAA or both. GA3 increases the number of floral buds on the main axis but decreases it on lateral branches, while TIBA decreases the number on the main axis but increases it on lateral branches. IAA reduces the number of floral buds on the main axis only when used alone, but on both the main axis as well as on lateral branches when used together with GA3 and TIBA. Floral buds were not produced on lateral branches when plants were treated with GA3, TIBA and IAA all together. GA3 and TIBA induced floral buds even under non-inductive photoperiods, the number of buds and reproductive nodes being less in TIBA-than in GA3-treated plants during 24-h photoperiods. The time taken for floral buds to initiate with GA3 and TIBA during noninductive photoperiods is much longer than that during 8-h inductive photoperiods with or without GA3 or TIBA application. IAA completely inhibits the GA3- and TIBA-caused induction during 24-h, but only delays it and reduces the number of reproductive nodes and floral buds during 16-h photoperiods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed development in Pisum arvense L. cv. New Zealand Maple has been studied in relation to changes in level of total endogenous cytokinins. Growth of both the whole seed and the embryo is diauxic, having two phases of active growth separated by a lag period. The two maxima in the growth rates of the whole seed and the embryo occur about the 23rd and 31 st days after anthesis. The lag period occurs between days 26 and 28. Cell division is thought to have ceased prior to day 19 and the changes in total cytokinin content in lea seeds after this time are believed to be largely independent of cell division. The three maxima in the cytokinin content per gm. fresh weight of seed and per seed were found to be coincident with the maximum volume of endosperm per seed and the two maxima in the growth rates of the whole seed and the embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six month old LD- and SD- grown plants of Bryophyllum tubiflorum were treated with morphactin (n-butyl-9-hydroxy-fluorene-(9)-carboxylate), singly and in combination with GA3 and IAA. Morphactin and IAA decreased stem elongation and number of leaves, the effect increasing with concentration. Morphactin also caused lateral buds to develop into branches and the fusion of upper leaves to form structures of different shapes. GA3 enhanced stem elongation, increased leaf number and induced floral buds under SD conditions. It reversed the inhibitory effect of morphactin on stem elongation, leaf number and leaf fusion and also restored apical dominance when applied simultaneously with morphactin. The stimulaneous application of IAA also reversed the morphactin effects on leaf fusion and on apical dominance. The results have been discussed in the light of literature available on the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four XYY infants ascertained from 1,066 unselected newborn infants have been for 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 years. None of them show any distinctive physical characteristics, though three of the four lack a C triradius in the palmar dermatoglyphics. All four are of normal stature. Three appear of normal intellect and personality. One is of borderline intelligence and by 2 years was exhibiting aggressive, defiant, and destructive behavior. There are great problems of what, if anything, to divulge to the parents when an XYY chromosome complement has been discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical measurements were obtained from 2,632 healthy North American Negro children of low income families. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years. Comparison with similar studies revealed the height and weight of the Negro children to be similar to those of North American Caucasian children. However, the head circumference and stem length were found to be consistently smaller than Caucasian children. At 1 year of age the weight head, and chest circumferences of Negro infants of this study were significantly smaller than the same measurements previously reported for infants of the same race from middle income families in the city. Comparison is also made with studies on Negro children in West Africa and Jamaica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the growth and development of professional special education organization in the U.S. The formation of the International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children was brought by teachers and other devoted to specific fields of special education. The acceptance of the Council as participating educational organization came rather slowly, for in the first few years of its existence.

The article focuses on the membership growth and development of the Council for Exceptional Children in the U.S. As of June 1966, the total CEC membership had grown to more than 26,000 and it represents a gain of more than 3,800 members over the 1965 membership year. In 1965, 62 chapters were added to the Council's roster of chapters, making a total of 433 local units. During 1965-1966, new CEC federations were organized in Wisconsin, Arizona, District of Columbia, and South Dakota. State branches were organized in Idaho and Vermont. Of the new chapters, 23 are student chapters. Student membership in June reached a total of 4,736 as compared with 3,015 for 1965.

The article presents an overview of the report "Normal Growth and Development of Children With Visual Handicap," by Robert F. Mikell published in the April 1953 issue of the periodical "New Outlook for the Blind."

The factors that control the growth and development of hair follicles are largely unknown. Likewise little is known about why follicles periodically enter resting phases (telogen) and subsequently recenter an active growth phase (anagen). The dermal papilla of hair follicles probably influences follicular growth through the exact nature of this influence is obscure. To help delineate the role of dermal papillae in this regard, a series of hair follicles from 15 human embryos of various ages and from 2 human adults have been examined. The cells which form the dermal papillae were examined from the time they begin to congregate around the early hair peg to the point at which they reside within the follicular bulb. The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are attached by a focal types of intermediate junction. The junctions also connect the mesenchymal cells of the dermal papillae of human adult follicles. Cellular attachments of this type may have a similar function in regrowth or repair of adult tissue as they do in growth and development during embryogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of auxin of shoot origin on the growth and development of the root system of Pisum sativum L. cv. Kelvedon Wonder was investigated. Root growth was reduced when auxin transport from shoot to root was interrupted, but this could have been caused by a reduction in assimilate supply rather than a deficiency of auxin. Shoot removal, however, markedly reduced the number and total length of secondary roots produced and a 1% IAA-lanolin paste applied to the cut stump compensated to a large extent for shoot removal, markedly increasing secondary root growth in de-shooted plants. It is suggested that auxin produced by the shoot may influence the growth and development of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the germination of rice seedlings in water with normal and impeded environmental gas exchange. Suspension of growth and development of the seedlings during prolonged exposure of the plants to the aqueous medium; Necessary factors needed for the normal growth and development of the plants.

Presents a study which summarized information on normal cell growth in mammals, functional aspects of cell growth and development and the application of such information to obesity and malnutrition. Methods for assessing normal cell growth; Chemical appraisal of cell morphology; Functional aspects of cell growth and development.

Three closely related pseudogamic species, Potentilla arqentea L., P. racta L. and P. cf. hirta L. were pollinated by other species of Potentilla and observations were made on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, ovule development and seed set. The three pseudogamic species stimulated seed set in each other, but no seeds were formed after pollination by ten other species although well-developed pollen tubes were observed in a number of cases. The offspring from the successful pollinations were mainly maternal but a few deviant individuals were also produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of conidiophores and botryose solitary blastospores was studied in Oedocephalum roseum by light and electron microscopy, and for convenience was divided into several stages. Development was a continuous process with no pause at any stage, although increase in volume of the sporing structure was much reduced during production of the denticles. Cytochemical light microscopy supported electron microscopic observations of distribution of organelles and storage substances in the sporing structure at each stage of development. A Spitzenkörper, comprising two types of unit memhrane-bounded vesicles of different size, was present at the tip of the growing conidiophore. At the time of blow-out of the denticles, small vesicles, thought to contain wall-softening enzymes, accumulated in groups around the periphery of the ampulla, and the wall in these regions stretched, becoming thinner, and bulged to form the wall of the denticle initials. Exposed sulphydryl groups were detected in the wall of these bulges. The denticles grew to become tubular, and spherical conidium initials formed at their tips. Electron microscopy showed that membrane-bounded vesicles were present in all regions of growth and development, and to the exclusion of all other organelles in the tip of the conidiophore, in denticle blow-outs, in conidium initials and in tips of elongating conidia. In these regions much RNA was detected. The sequence of first occurrences of organelles and storage substances from the young conidiophore tip backwards was also the sequence of their entry into the developing conidia, nuclei being the last of the organelles to enter. During development and growth the wall around the whole sporing structure was not broken at any stage. However, there was a succession of wall layers in each structure during its development, new layers being formed internally and being progressively displaced towards the outside. The new inner wall layer formed by the hypha at the inception of the conidiophore gave rise to the three outer layers of the conidial wall, the inner layer of the conidium being a continuation of the inner layer of the ampulla wall, which was formed before denticle production. Blastospore formation resembled the process of budding in yeasts, in that vesicles probably containing wall-softening enzymes were present in the region of denticle blow-out and of budding, and the walls of the denticle and of the yeast bud were made up of parent cell wall material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose, galactose and galacturonic acid were taken up at different rates by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis and were intracellularly converted to other forms of carbohydrate at different rates. These differences explain why, when there is only a single source of nutrient carbon in the growth medium, development of the fungus is greatest when glucose is present and least when galactose is present. Glucose and galactose were taken up by the same mechanism for their uptake showed a reciprocal competitive inhibition. Uptake mechanisms had a high affinity for glucose (apparent Km 2.76 mM) and galacturonic acid (apparent Km 3.10 mM) and a low affinity for galactose (apparent Km 29.67 mM). After uptake, galactose accumulated in the mycelium, whereas glucose and galacturonic acid were rapidly converted to other soluble carbohydrates, principally trehalose and mannitol. The insoluble carbohydrates within the mycelium were little affected by the type of carbohydrate that was supplied to the fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin and history of a commune of American Jesus People is briefly described and its growth, development, and ultimate demise examined in terms of Wilson's typology of sectarian movements. This conversionist sect successfully, if temporarily, established an alternative form of religious expression. There was ample evidence that processes of institutionalization were occurring. Several factors relevant to conversionist sects, however, became increasingly critical for the group's continued growth and development. These included the failure to maintain or routinize the affective and instrumental roles of the charismatic leader and the failure to effectively socialize all the converts recruited into the commune. The problem of socialization arose because of contradictory group demands concerning boundary-expansion and boundary-maintenance. It was the failure of the Jesus People to overcome this complex set of related problems that led to their eventual disbandment and return to a more vigorous sectarian emphasis upon separation from the world. The authors feel that similar conversionist sects of the Jesus People movement in the United States will have to confront and solve similar sets of problems if they are to remain a viable form of religious expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies patterns of shoot and root growth in rice seedlings germinating under water. Sequence of shoot and root emergence; Normal root growth dependent upon the patterns of shoot growth and development of the germinating seedlings.

Presents growth grids for children 0 to 18 years of age which incorporate many of the recommendations set forth by the Committee on Growth and Development of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Maternal, Child Health Service of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Clinical material and methods for the growth rates.

Congenital porencephaly originates early in fetal development as a component of diffuse cerebral malformation. In infancy the patients have clinical manifestations of local or generalized cerebral disease. Convulsions, delayed growth and development and focal motor deficits are the most common clinical findings. Skull films, transillumination and brain scanning are useful methods of examination. Intracranial pneumography is the definitive means of diagnosis. Roentgen studies in unilateral cases demonstrate characteristic changes. This pattern consists of ipsilateral calvarial enlargement and thinning, bilateral ventricular dilatation and contralateral shift of midline structures. Other anomalies of the cerebrum and meninges are often demonstrated on roentgen studies. The prognosis in these patients is guarded. Significant mental and motor retardation occurred in nearly all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten girls, mature at birth, who suffered severe fetal growth retardation (< third percentile), but were without evidence of congenital disease, have been followed serially in growth and development for at least seven years. The five infants whose head circumferences at 1 year of age were found to be at or below the tenth percentile had, on the average, an IQ of ten points below the five whose head growth had reached the 25th percentile or better. No neurologic handicaps or significant school deficits were encountered in either group. The mean IQ of 103 for the whole group in this small sample indicated that severe undergrowth in single-born infants, uncomplicated by acute asphyxia or congenital disease, may not prejudice later mental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identical twin girls with galactokinase deficiency are described. The diagnosis was made at 4 months of age when a random urinalysis in one twin showed a non-glucose reducing substance subsequently identified as galactose. Clinical findings were limited to bilateral perinuclear cataracts in both infants. There was no jaundice or hepatomegaly. While receiving an evaporated milk formula, the urines contained large amounts of galactose and galactitol. Erythrocyte galactokinase activity was absent in both patients, and 50% of normal activity was found in both parents. A "lactose-free" formula was instituted at 4 1/2 months of age. Growth and development has been normal over 24 months of treatment. The cataracts, however, showed no significant change. Galactose and galactitol excretion was markedly decreased, but not completely eliminated. The turnover of endogenous galactose-containing compounds may be responsible for the residual galactose and galactitol excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 40% of all U.S. mothers of children of 18 years of age or younger are employed. The prevailing notion that employed mothers are deviant is examined with regard to published research literature. No uniformly harmful effects on family life, nor on the growth and development of children, have been demonstrated. It is concluded that conditions of employment, and the attitudes of other family members, probably influence the employed mother's relationship to her family by affecting her self-esteem and energy sources. Maternal employment may jeopardize family life when the conditions of her employment are demeaning to her serf-esteem, when other family members are strongly disapproving of her work away from home, or when mutually agreeable arrangements for children and housework cannot be made. Otherwise, maternal employment seems to offer many advantages to family relations and for the lives of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities of adenyl cyclase, the phophodiesterases of low and high Km and the tissue content of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (3':5'-AMP) in the mammary glands of rats at different stages of the lactation cycle have been measured. The effect of in vitro F¯, Ca2+ and of the hormones progesterone, β-estradiol, hydrocortisone, insulin and prolactin on the adenyl cyclase activity of membrane fractions isolated from the mammary gland of pregnant and lactating rats has been investigated. The results show that there is a coordinated change of the activities of the enzyme adenyl cyclase and 3':5'-AMP phosphodiesterase and the tissue content of 3':5'-AMP at different stages of the lactation cycle with the activity of adenyl cyclase and the cyclic nucleotide rising to a peak at the end of pregnancy and then falling sharply after parturition. The reverse pattern was observed for the 3':5'-AMP phosphodiesterase activity. F¯ (1 - 10 mM) consistently produced an inhibition (40%) of adenyl cyclase activity of mammary glands from pregnant rats while having no effect on the enzyme from the lactating gland. Low concentrations of Ca2+ (1μM) activated the enzyme from pregnant glands and from those of early lactation by about 40% but had little effect on the glands taken from rats of mid-lactation. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration led to a decline of this effect and eventual inhibition at 5 mM, the effect being most marked on the fully lactating gland. Progesterone and β-estradiol consistently caused a considerable stimulation (80 and 50% respectively) of the adenyl cyclase activity of the pregnant gland; hydrocortisone, insulin and prolactin did not. None of the hormones tested activated the adenyl cyclase activity of the lactating gland and insulin appeared to inhibit it severely. The results, which suggest that the growth and development of the mammary gland is related the tissue content of 3':5-AMP while the initiation and scale of lactation may be related to ties removal, are discussed in relation to development, lactogenesis and milk ejection and the complex endocrine control of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in situ comparison of environmental and physiological factors was undertaken in 1971-72 (15 months) in the Niantic River estuary to elucidate some of the important aspects of the growth and development of the seaweed Codium fragile. In general, Codium in the estuary has a growing season of from 6 to 9 months. Growth increments during this period are relatively constant. Temperature and salinity are the main limiting factors to growth, although low summer concentrations of inorganic nitrogen may also be involved. Reproduction by means of swarmers occurs only in late summer or autumn. Codium appears highly adapted to the role of a colonizing species. It not only possesses the capability to occupy the harshest of environments, but also a system of reproductive alternatives which facilitates rapid colonization. The availability of substrate for attachment is the chief factor limiting its spread in this estuarine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thallus growth and development in the coenocytic alga Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe have been studied quantitatively. In unsupplemented seawater at 26 C and in a 12 : 12 hr light/dark cycle, new rhizomes formed near the old growing points on thalli transplanted from the ocean. Adjacent to the apices of new rhizomes, rhizoids were produced downward, regularly spaced and at a rate of about 1.5/day. Upright shoots developed irregularly in acropetal succession behind the tips of either the parent or the new rhizomes, which arose as branches of the old. Rates of rhizome, rhizoid, and upright shoot elongation were 0.4, 0.81, and 0.54 cm/day, respectively. Thalli survived up to 2 months in unsupplemented seawater. Long-term growth was obtained by varying culture conditions. A substratum of sand, apparently rich in microorganisms, produced long-term thallus growth in seawater, and the form of development changed so that upright shoot formation was promoted and rhizome elongation halved. Similar effects were elicited by indole-3-acetic acid, 5 × 10[sup-4] M in seawater and by sap expressed from C. racemosa or C. sertularioides and added to seawater at 2.5-10% by volume. The regulation of development in an algal coenocyte is discussed and analogies with regulation in multicellular plants are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and development of gametophytes of Polypodium vulgare L. in culture are affected by population density. Increasing population density leads to an increase in gametophyte length and a delay in the transition to two-dimensional growth. Cell number is at a maximum at an intermediate density. On the evidence presented it is concluded that the inhibition of development associated with high population density is attributable to the presence in the medium of a substance (or substances) secreted by the gametophytes. Although other explanations are possible, all the effects could be caused by a single, diffusible, volatile factor. It is suggested that the promotive effect of blue light on gametophyte development is due to the suppression of this factor by blue light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from four day old, dark grown corn seedlings according to the procedure of Bonner for the isolation of chromatin followed by separation and purification according to Marmur. The purified DNA was dissolved in dilute saline-citrate and the absorbance at 260 nm of the solution measured as the solution was slowly heated in a quartz cuvette. The degree of increase in absorbance of the DNA in solution as it is thermally denatured was used to assess the interaction of the DNA with plant hormones. Concentrations of 4 × 10-5 M NAA, IAA, 2,4-D, and GA3 increased the hyperchromicity of the DNA when added to the DNA. Conversely, the same concentrations of CCC, AMO 1618, TIBA, and ABA decreased the hyperchromicity of the DNA. Kinetin, IAN, and tryptophan at 4 × 10-5 M had no measurable effect on the hyperchromicity of the DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli and salmon sperm showed no change in hyperchromicity with added NAA at 4 × 10-5 M . The effect of these plant growth substances is most likely either on the thermally disrupted single strands or on the process in which the double strand opens up to single strands since only the high temperature portion was affected. It is postulated that if the plant growth substances act to alter the binding of the double strands of DNA in an isolated system and if this effect has a relationship to the DNA in an intact cell then this effect may be important in the control of plant growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of labeled assimilates following the assimilation of 14CO2 in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by single leaves at different nodes was investigated using autoradiographic technique. In the vegetative stage growing leaves assimilated most of the 14carbon, while the fully expanded leaves exported most of its radiocarbon to the apices, young expanding leaves and to the roots. Soon after the formation of the pegs and the growth and development of the pods, the developing pods become the major sinks. At this stage translocation from the foliage of each branch was restricted mostly to the pods produced by this branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pods of Pusum sativum cv. Meteor were supplied with 14CO2 and the fixation and distribution of the radiocarbon studied. A high fixation rate was found in all of the treated pods. In intact control plants about 60 per cent of the total radiocarbon fixed was exported from the carpel into the seeds of the treated pod in the 24 hour period following fixation. Almost all of the remainder was retained in the carpel itself. It was found that the seeds in the treated pod were the major sink for these fixation products and that the weight of the seed determined the level of import of radiocarbon from the carpel in both attached and detached pods. Removal of seeds from the treated pod prior to 14CO2 treatment reduced export from the fed carpel from 60 to 15 per cent, this being distributed mainly in the other pods and stem fractions. It appears that carpel photosyntbate is likely to be of great importance in the growth and development of seeds enclosed by that carpel. Control of fixation and export of radiocarbon seemed to be a function to the carpel and the seeds enclosed by the carpel and to be relatively independent of the rest of the plant. This could explain the absence of effect of GA on these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the latter years a considerable amount of investigating work has been done on the influence of fresh thyroid gland and preparations of it on the growth and development of the feathers of birds. But all these researches with a few exceptions refer to granivorous birds, principally domestic fowls. The literature, however, on the influence of the thyroid gland on the organism of carnivorous birds is but very scanty. It is to contribute to the eludication of this question that the present investigations were undertaken.

The working class is the major force in the revolutionary reorganization of society and the creator of a new, communist system and of new economic, social, and political relationships among human beings. All the basic changes in the contemporary world are indissolubly associated with its revolutionizing activity. In turn, these changes themselves create special features in the growth and development of the working class, further strengthening its revolutionary, creative potential and its greater preparedness for historically creative activity. The timeliness of analysis of these trends at the present stage of the building of communism in the USSR, under conditions created by the revolution in science and technology, is in our view determined by at least three circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of preschool teacher in treating children who have psychological problems. It is noted that teacher's knowledge of child growth and development is important to educational and therapeutic handling of children. However, the role of the teacher has not been portrayed as one of equality or dynamic participation. Today, most of the programs utilize the preschool as therapeutic tool which include the teacher and his activities as a central and dynamic entity. Throughout the history, there are four main approaches to the treatment of disturbed children.

The article provides information related to the Council for Exceptional Children during the 1964 to 1965 fiscal year in the U.S. Indications showed notable a growth and development of the organization and the profession during the year in review. Membership growth represented the largest increase in the Council's history. Also, the fiscal year saw the organization of 36 new local chapters. Various business and professional meetings were held by the Council's eight divisions during the annual convention in Portland.

The article discusses the developments in the understanding of child development and its implications for exceptional children. It is emphasized that no one discipline has provided interest in the major causes and implications for an exceptional child. But recent development are now taking place in the field of developmental biology and clinical application. For the past decade, there have been no exciting development in the field of genetics. However, new discoveries revealed significant evidence on the nature and causes of abnormalities and hereditary chromosomes or genes. As a result, it has been established that a man has 46 chromosomes and a down syndrome has 47 chromosomes. The factors which influence the growth and development of an exceptional child are also mentioned in the article.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis on speech disorder in children. It is believed that the child who gives clinical evidence of language development in the absence of true speech may suffer from delayed onset of speech. Diagnostic study for children having this kind of problem should be undertaken as early as the parents express alarm about their child's development or if the child himself makes manifestation of such disorder. The period of diagnostic study should cover certain things such as the case history of the child, which should include everything the parents can tell the therapist about every detail of their child's growth and development. Two other routine parts of the examination are the audiological analysis and the psychological study.