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The article discusses the events in the U.S. stock market for the week ending October 23, 1937 where the market decline was broken as bargain hunters and speculators lapped up shares at low prices and buyers continued to sell. It reviews the stock market fall which started in the middle of August and discusses the reasons which precipitated the decline. Reasons cited included the accumulation of commodity stock inventory, the decline in profit margins as a result of higher costs of labor and raw materials and threats of war in Europe and the Orient.

Focuses on a conference that was held in London, England, which dealt with the working conditions of laborers in a munition plant in Great Britain, necessary aid to Soviet Union and opening of a second front in Western Europe. Information on the bureaucrats of the national trade unions, who are always workers rivals and incline to radicalism; Suggestion regarding the opening of a second front in Western Europe and for the admission of more women into, the munitions factories; Statement that the North French coast has been fortified by the Germans, while the Royal Air Force has battered the ports which British shipping would have to use; View of the Labor Party on giving aid to the Soviet Union; Fact that the chief objection raised against an expedition is that the prime duty of the army is to ward off, invasion; Report that the British army would collapse in a month sprang rather from prejudice than from ignorance.

The article features Josef Josten, a Czech editor in England who is renowned for his accurate information on occurrences in Czechoslovakia. It states that Josten lived in Prague, Hungary and worked for the "Lidove Noviny," a publication, but fled to France when the Nazis invaded the country. He later fought the Germans before settling in London where he helped in the Allied invasion of France. He later served as a press officer for Hungary's foreign ministry before fleeing in 1948. Josten gets accurate information from defectors and Czech papers.

Reports global developments related to various topics. Anniversary of the war in China and in Spain; War scare in Europe; Judicial action by District Judge Homer A. Fuller of Newton, Iowa.

The article presents information on the inflation in Europe. The economic reconstruction of Europe after the military collapse of Nazi Germany will be at best extremely difficult; if Britain and America continue the policies they have followed thus far, the results may be disastrous. One of the worst dangers facing every European country after the war is inflation and Anglo-American policy in the liberated regions has encouraged its start and its growth. Concerning the situation in Italy, Marcelio Soleri, Minister of Finance, declared, "Everything is scarce in Italy but paper money." The condition of the currency is a nightmare; it worries responsible people in the Allied Commission and the Italian government even more, if possible, than the shortage of food. The Anglo-American administration, however, is largely to blame.

Focuses on political conditions in Great Britain, while discussing its foreign policy. Reason behind Britain's support of the Covenant; Comments on British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's election campaign pledges; Compromise expected from the British government in the Italian-Ethiopian war; Discussion of the British policy in Europe; Anxiety of the German government regarding British friendship.

The article presents information about the usage of nuclear power by Great Britain. After announcing its nuclear power program the government published its White Paper on Defense for 1955, in which the whole of Great Britain's defense policy is based on the use of the hydrogen bomb from the first moment of a major war. The argument is as follows. Given the Communist camp's immense superiority in military manpower, the West cannot withstand an attack in Europe without using the full weight of its nuclear power-it is assumed that the use of tactical atomic weapons must immediately involve the use of the hydrogen bomb. So long as potential aggressors realize that war in any crucial area will be thermonuclear war, the existence of the hydrogen bomb is by far the most effective deterrent.

The idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine extensive enough to solve the material problems of European Jewry or culturally rich enough to solve its psychological problems has long since proved to be utopian. With the publication of the new report of the British Royal Commission, Zionism after forty years' effort finds itself in extremis. During the World War England, through such agents Henry McMahon and Colonel T. E. Lawrence, promised to create an independent Arab kingdom under the Sharif of Mecca in return for Arab aid against the Turk.

The article discusses the preparatory strategies being discussed by the military commanders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in France in case of an attack by Russia. The strategy is being explained by Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to the top SHAPE officers. Montgomery is the deputy supreme allied commander under U.S. General Alfred M. Gruenther.

Focuses on the policy proposed by the politician M. Poincare regarding the economic ruin of Germany. Claims that Germany must pay as much as the French government demands; Setback for civilization in Europe of perhaps a century's duration; Issues between France and Germany related to economic conditions of both countries; Comments on liberalism and nationality; Invasion of the Ruhr as an illegal act; Actions taken by League of Nations regarding waging war.

This article focuses on tussle between the Pentagon and the State Department over Korean War. The differences in emphasis between the Defense and State departments were reflected in the resolution presented to the United Nations Security Council. As passed by the Security Council, the resolution was designed to draw "the mantle of the U.N." more firmly around Anglo-American action in Korea, but it involved the U.N. in the conduct of the war less than had the original proposal of the Canadians, made a week ago.

This article focuses on the new map of Europe with its Allies and neutrals after the war. Either Germany will win out as it planned -and this is no longer thought possible- or the Allies will have the victory which they hope. Or else the war will end in more or less of a "deadlock"-a "drawn game"-"with neither victors nor vanquished." In any of these events, the map of Europe is sure to be remade. The Allies are beginning to discuss-and neutrals are beginning to air their apprehensions-as to what the situation on the map shall be post bellum. The Swiss are first in the field with a proposal. It is nothing less than the neutralization of the whole course of the Rhine. Belgium had already been urged to insist at the peace-making on an extension of territory towards Luxemburg.

The article explores how American artist Ogden Pleissner solved the problem of painting from nature in a war-torn country while he was still a captain in the U.S. Air Forces in Europe. The painting, entitled "Vietri Sul Mare," was inspired during Pleissner's visit to some of the most important battlefields. He was commissioned by the "Life" periodical to create a series of paintings about the aftermath of the war.

The article reports on the new blackout implemented by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and its military arm Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers in Europe (SHAPE). NATO and SHAPE said that all the decision of the NATO council to release news should be unanimous. Correspondents argue against such news blackout and claim the SHAPE officers have no idea of how to deal with the press and how to use NATO news to counteract Communist propaganda.

Discusses the political developments that have taken place in Europe. Focus on the capitulation of England in the Anglo-German war; Role of France in the victory of Germany over Czechoslovakia; Demand of German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to create a Nazi state within Czechoslovakia for the German minority living there; Speculation of the spread of Nazism in Hungary and Rumania; Role of England in helping to create Nazi hegemony in Europe; Speculation of Fascist takeover of Europe, Asia and Africa.

This article presents information related to socio-political issues in the United States. A plan of a war with Spain was suddenly sprung upon the country last spring. A mere description of what is proposed shows that nothing so important has been laid before the American people since the adoption of the Constitution. It is a more radical change in the political framework of American society than the union of the States. Nothing except the Constitution has been held by American publicists to be so firmly settled. It is true that it has never been formally accepted by those of Europe, but Americans have always said that it made no difference whether they accepted it or not, that they would resolutely enforce it whenever the occasion came.

This article compares the postwar moral and intellectual worlds of 1923 and 1950. The opening piece is a general summing-up of the two eras, the other two sections deal with writers active in Europe and in the United States during years under view. Finally the article deals with essays and reviews which contribute in one way or another to the social and cultural balance. In 1923 everyone was conscious of being "postwar" this war was the World War. Once it had been the War to End War and even after five years no one supposed that it would have a rival.

The men and women who challenge death in underground activities in Europe perform a task of tremendous importance. They keep alive among their people a flame of dating and sacrifice. Instead of dreaming of revolutions which are impossible as long as the United Nations' military power is unable to match German dictator Adolf Hitler's, and instead of asking the peoples of Europe to face deadly risks, they should be offered a line of hope which of their own free will they will eagerly seize upon, even at the risk of their lives.

This article focuses on political conditions around the world during the second world war. The French army, broken into four fragments, is still fighting. The dictators' immediate concern is to get France completely out of the war in order to concentrate all their forces for a rapid conquest of Great Britain. That achieved, they can revise their conditions without interference. In an effort to save some children at least, from the Nazi juggernaut an organization known as "Save Europe's Children" was formed in Washington last week under the leadership of Secretary Harold Ickes.

The article focuses on the chance of Europe going to World War II. People refuse to learn from the past and persist in the fallacious conception that no war will come until the nations of Europe are ready for it. National Socialism became a power in the Reich chiefly for the reason that it guaranteed a political and diplomatic offensive against the restrictions imposed on Germany by the post-war treaties. But German dictator Adolf Hitler and those behind and above him are not fools rushing blindly to certain destruction. They know Germany's military, economic, and financial weaknesses and recognize them for the handicaps they are.

Europe now is treading gingerly upon the floor of a long-dreaded experience. A great power has committed an aggression, and the League of Nations must perform its obligations to mete out punishment under the Covenant. It will do this, barring unforeseen incidents, with forbearance bordering upon timidity. The principle of gradualism, officially adopted for just such a contingency in 1921, has been seized upon with relief, it makes it possible for the League states to feel their way, and to test out first of all the possibility of applying economic sanctions effectively without their leading to war. It is obvious that, more than anything, the League members shrink from taking steps which would transfer the conflict from Africa to their own soil and waters.

Focuses on the war in Europe and its impact on the economy of the U.S. Claims that the out break of the last war closed the stock market and intensified an existing depression; Report on the temporary shortages along the line between original source of supply and consumer, caused by low stocks of processed or manufactured goods depicted by a sudden increase in demand; Problems faced in the U.S. economic policy "New Deal"; Discussion on conventional economics; Survey of the available supplies of all important commodities; Important questions of policy; Comments on the economic and social aims of the New Deal.

Focuses on the turn of events behind the non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. Insight to the political events in recent months that lead to the pact between the two countries; Projected benefits from the pact to Germany when it comes to attack on Poland and access to supplies from the Soviet Union; Account of sluggishness and naivety associated with Western powers in the signing of any sort of a pact with the Soviet Union; Opposition of Russian military existence by Poland on latter's territory; Gains from the pact to Soviet Union when it comes to venturing in the East.

Presents several letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discusses in the previous issue. Reference to the analysis of European military strength in the article "If War Breaks Out Tomorrow"; Review of the article "Betrayal in Central Europe" in "The Virginia Quarterly Review"; Comment on the function of Thomas amendment to the Neutrality Act; Description of aspects of the documentary film "The City"; Reference to the congressional fight over the Neutrality Act; Discussion on the editing of "Intelligence in the Modern World: John Dewey's Philosophy," reviewed by C.E. Ayres.

The article discusses international warfare. When Irish Republican raiders wrecked the cable terminals in Ireland, commercial cable traffic between Europe and the United States was sadly upset. Before the war, such an interruption would have meant only an extra heavy burden for the German cable which reached from Emden via the Azores to New York. The British seized that cable during the war, which was perhaps legitimate as a war measure; they went further, however, and diverted it to run from Penzance to Halifax. It is now used primarily for British cables to Australasia.

The article focuses on various literary materials. Some of these are as, "The Works of Sheridan," by James P. Browne, "Pen Pictures of Europe," by Elizabeth Peake; "Our British Portrait Painters," by Edmund Oilier and "Pictures by Clarkson Stanfield," by James Daffarue. A ceremony highly characteristic of New England life took place last week in the pleasant town of Concord. A writer in the Hartford Gourant has recently been examining the Connecticut colonial records covering a period from May, 1726, to May, 1735, and some of the things which struck his attention are interesting and suggestive. The war with France had the usual effect in Prussia of increasing the emigration to foreign countries.

Focuses on the results of the Geneva Disarmament Conference in Italy. Discussion on the U.S. motives for Europe to disarm; Favor of Italy in not only material disarmament, but spiritual disarmament; Influence on the administration to follow Italy's lead at the disarmament conference; Information that the capitalists of the U.S. in favor of Italy's new heroic, war against the curse of militarism; Question on Fascist prime minister Benito Mussolini's pacifism; Study of his published statements reveals various facts; Presentation of "peace" program to Italians by Mussolini; Prevention of the Italians from revolting against or succumbing to the terrible financial burden that the militaristic machine created by Mussolini imposes upon that unhappy nation; Mention of the dream for the Fascists and a nightmare for the rest of mankind.

The article discusses the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) where the dangers still exist because of its provocative nature and discusses the training of special nuclear units in Europe. It also discusses the proposal of Army Chief of Staff General Maxwell D. Taylor that six billion dollars should be added to the budget, on top of other proposed new defense projects, to develop an anti-missile missile. The article also discusses claims of a television program regarding war as futile as well as the news from the Latin American dictator to launch the country's own foreign program.

This article comments on several topics related to the United States politics and government. The preparations for war have never been greater than they are now all over Europe, even the neutral Powers have been roused from a long inertia, and are transforming their armaments, building fortifications, and reorganizing their armies. Belgium covers the line of the Meuse with forts, and Switzerland is building immense arsenals and new military roads. The difficulty between Portugal and Great Britain which was so summarily terminated, began by the publication, in the Lisbon "Official Gazette," of a royal decree placing under Portuguese administration a vast territory in the interior of Africa, both north and south of the Zambesi to which the Portuguese Government gave the name of Zumbo.

Analyzes the role of the U.S. in the agreements signed at the Locarno Conference attended by European nations after the war. Weakness of the treaties that are believed to be based on assumptions and that involve processes of pacification; Comparison of the Locaro treaties with the Treaty of Versailles, which was brokered by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson; Necessity of the treaties; Failure of the League of Nations to promote peace and reconstruction in the region; Initiative taken by Germany to start the negotiations for a security compact; Problem of physical and moral restoration and the reluctance of the U.S. government to be too involved in providing solutions; Attribution of Europe's instability and misfortunes since the Armistice to the withdrawal of U.S. support.

Focuses on the appointment of the Dawes plan in the U.S. Intervention of the U.S. in the European struggle; Role of the U.S. in reconstruction after the World War I; Consequences of the creation of the Dawes commission on the American intervention in Europe; Establishment of credits for the German gold bank by a powerful American banking syndicate.

If war were to break out today in Europe, it would not come as a surprise to anyone. This fact is of the most profound importance. It illustrates the interest in preparedness for war of the peoples of Europe as well as the war psychology now prevalent among them. Any war in Europe today would be simply the armed expression of the silent and bitter economic war that has been going on for the last ten years. This war has manifested itself in tariff barriers, inflated currencies, government subsidies to national industries and commerce. It has been waged with the same savagery and ruthlessness as the World War, and it has accomplished as little.

This section presents articles on world politics. One of the articles presents an outlook of the European war. Russia obtained, after the war of 1810, the abrogation of article 2 of the Treaty of Paris, but this conquest seemed very small compared to the conquests of Germany. The secret feeling of enmity between the Slavic and the German races, which had always existed and which had been kept under control by diplomacy and by the personal action of the Russian and German crowns, was allowed freer play, and soon found daily expression in the press and in literature. The feelings of Russia also found expression in a new Interest iii conquered and vanquished France, in the incessant invitations made to her to "make herself strong again."

This article focuses on the condition of Europe during war. Two years have elapsed since the European members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) first began to talk about rearmament, but the actual state of defense preparedness in continental Western Europe is not much better now than when the Treaty was under negotiation in 1948. Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP). There have been many meetings of the NATO Council, many journeys of foreign ministers, defense ministers and chiefs-of-staff, back and forth across the Atlantic, innumerable conferences of military and economic specialists.

Laments the loss of quality standards in the political and socio-economic life of Europeans after World War I. Proclamation that any bugle-boy is a better musician than any fiddler; Inability to distinguish real art from the ones proliferating in public; Imposition of taste by tradesmen, who are no longer experts but mere universal provider; Stagnation of civilization if taste in life, the power of discerning life's minor matters, will not flourish; Absence of a leisured class that will set the standards for civilization.

At the moment when the war clouds of 1914 began to gather, the Irish question was absorbing the attention of the Government, and it continued to be a disturbing issue for some months after hostilities were well under way. According to an analyst, the curious thing, is that on many, if not most, of the points Austria has a good and Servia a very bad case, but the Austrians are quite the stupidest people in Europe. August 1 saw the beginning of the Cabinet divergence which thereafter, with only short periods of harmony, ran its vexatious course.

The article presents information on various developments. Germany's answer to the French security notes is another step toward peace. A long vista of negotiations opens ahead, but Europe is on the right road. And vastly more important than the phrases of the diplomatic notes is the fact that the French troops are out of the Ruhr. That mischievous invasion of German territory plunged Europe anew into a haze of war talk. Drums beat, troops marched, men talked angrily. Hate boiled on both sides of the Rhine.

The article reflects on the implications of the signing of the Japanese Peace Treaty in San Francisco, California for the symbolic dove of peace of the Communists, especially the Russians, in September 1951. It discusses the history of the illustration of the symbolic dove of peace by Spanish painter Pablo Picasso in 1949 wherein the wings of the dove beat over several continents including Europe and Asia. The author also explains the start of the call of Communists for peace in Europe.

The article focuses on the book "Official Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War," by Edmund von Mach. The imposing volume bespeaks consideration because it is intended for those students of the causes of the European war who are "not ... partisans but ... scholars and intelligent readers." It contains all the important documents which were issued at first, though not some of the later collections, like the Italian Green Book or the second Belgian Gray Book, and it is so well arranged and so furnished with apparatus which might be of assistance that for those who desire to make careful examination of the subject it would seem at first glance to be the best thing which has so far been issued.

The article presents an overview of the October 22, 1914 issue of "The Nation." The chief duty of Americans, while the war in Europe is going on, has been many times said to be that of observing strict neutrality. In a public way, and officially, this may be true. But so far as the attitude of private citizens is concerned; there are other duties which come first. One of these is to preserve the American intellectual integrity; to form American judgments on the basis of ascertained fact and reasonable probability; not to take rumor for proof; and, in general, to keep American heads at a time when it is so easy to let them be blown off the shoulders.

Presents letters to the editor related to the World War I. Responsibility of Germany for the war; State of affairs in Europe; Information on Germany's holy war.