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A conference paper that discusses the results of a research study conducted to compare the accuracy of using clinical versus roentgenolic methods for the diagnosis of dental caries is presented. The paper was read at the 16th General Meeting of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) held in Minneapolis, Minnesota from March 12-13, 1938.

This paper describes the clinical and histopathological features in ten cases of spontaneously involuting plane warts. In all, rapid regression occurred after the sudden development of an inflammatory reaction. At an early stage a degenerative change appears in the upper epidermis and the typical features of the warts are masked. At the height of the reaction an intense mononuclear cell infiltrate in the dermis associated with epidermal spongiosis, exocytosis, cell necrosis and focal parakeratosis is found. It is suggested that the development of cell mediated immunity may be responsible for spontaneous involution of warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of illness in the Admiralty Islands was related to the assignment of illness to one of four main categories: (1) interpersonal, soul damage by extra-human agents, (2) interpersonal, cursing within group, (3) interpersonal, sorcery outside of group, and (4) impersonal, organic damage by an immanent impersonal agent. The first two causal assignments persist as explanations for illness with implications for traditional cures in every instance. Three and four vary inversely with one another in priority of resort to native or European curative practices. This paper offers an analysis of factors in the allocation of cases between European (acculturative) and native (counter-acculturative) curative agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an account of three members of a family with angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, comprising two males and one female. In the last the diagnosis was made post mortem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the proceedings of the Oxford Regional Dermatological Group on February 18, 1956 in Northampton, England. In the research paper, "Dermatomyositis With Secondary Calcification," by R. Wigglesworth and R.B. Coles, presents a case of a girl who was well until May 1951, when she began to complain of listlessness, anorexia, and backache. The face, forearms and hands were swollen and skin changes rapidly developed. The clinical diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made in September 1951. Muscle and skin biopsies taken at this time supported the diagnosis.

A Case report of unilateral brachial artery stenosis with thrombosis as a result of ergotamine toxicity is presented. The etiology, mechanism of vascular injury, diagnostic principle and therapy of ergotism are discussed. Ergot poisoning occurred in epidemic form in the Middle Ages as a result of fungal contamination of rye. Recently reported cases of ergotism have been iatrogenic. Migraine sufferers have a relative immunity to the side effects of ergotamine, and the use of dihydrogenated compounds in the treatment of migraine has reduced the toxicity even further in this form of therapy. Consequently, it is rarely reported in the literature. In reporting such a case this paper perhaps goes further calling attention again to the subject of drug induced angiitis. Recent reports incriminate similar features with Methysergide and drug abuses, notably, Methamphetamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about skills of clinicians in analysis of projective tests. With the recent sudden increase in the number of psychologists engaged in clinical practice, there has arisen an interest in the selection of persons to be trained for this work and to that end an interest in the development of reliable measures of diagnostic skill. A group of the University of Michigan was interested in the possibility of demonstrating the relative and cumulative effectiveness of all available techniques as predictive of future professional success in this highly individualized specialty. In addition to paper and pencil tests of intelligence, achievement, personality, attitudes and temperament, and interviews, this group used individual and pooled ratings based on situational and real life procedures designed to reveal aptitude for effective interpersonal relationships.

The growing abundance of therapeutic alternatives can present exceedingly complex sequences of medical treatment decisions and treatment plans. Extensive and systematic clinical treatment evaluation, which necessarily involves the aid of electronic computers, is indicated in the solution to these problems. The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss precise mathematical formulations of these problems and to describe computer aids to their solution. First, the use of dynamic programming is discussed as an approach to the mathematical formulation of the diagnostic-treatment cycle. Then the use of Bayes' formula will be discussed as an aid to the collection of treatment-evaluation data. Finally, a computer system for an outpatient clinic is described. It is important to note that although we suggest basic mathematical characterizations of these problems, each particular medical specialty, and frequently each particular treatment, requires specific adaptations of the methods in order to take care of special problems that frequently arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article informs that in clinical trials it is usually of interest to know how well two examiners agree on each call, i.e., the similarity of their "calls" on the unit scored, be it tooth, surface, or even surface-half. This can be assessed immediately by the "proportion agreement" between two examiners or one examiner at two times. Even though the proportion agreement is an exact measure of "alikeness", its interpretation must be made in light of the index used. If the examiners scored merely at random, they would agree one-third, one-fourth, and one-tenth of the time on gingival inflammation, gingival depth and plaque scores respectively.

In many scientific investigations, it is desired to bring together, or link, two or more documents which represent the same individual, even though these documents do not contain a unique identifier and were derived from different sources. In medical and public health research and elsewhere, this problem is known as the document linkage problem. This paper considers some aspects of classifying pairs of documents into one of two populations when their items are identifying information, where each item of information can take on three distinct values correct, incorrect or missing. Section I identifies three document linkage problems. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the mathematical formulation of the multivariate document linkage problem. Section 4 gives the classification procedure and Section 5 deals with the application of the theory to a problem in the field of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which attempts to delineate some areas of agreement and disagreement in the evaluation of the same patient by groups of clinicians with varying professional training, experience, and preference of for a given theoretical system. The paper is limited to a report on the clinicians evaluations of the verbalizations of the two patients. Differences between the clinicians' judgments were examined for systematic trends. Results demonstrates that regardless of accuracy, clinicians are characterized in their assessment of the concerns of a patient by certain kinds of biases which result to selective observations.

An infant with phenylketonuria who has never had a positive urine FeCl3., test is reported. 2. Some of the problems concerning the diagnosis of phenylketonuria are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase "peripheral vascular disease" is one of the most misleading designations in medical terminology. The classification is not restricted to diseases of the blood vessels of the extremities but encompasses all vessels distal to the heart. Although the unfortunate choice of this term has led to much confusion and misunderstanding, diseases affecting all peripheral vessels are often manifested by changes in the skin of the extremities and these changes can he detected by careful observation, The development of abnormal color changes, often with associated lesions, is perhaps second only to pain among the reasons for the patient's coming to the physician, hut the physician often is not aware of the normal and abnormal variations of the color of the skin or of the significance of warmth and coldness of the skin. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the prudent interpretation of color changes in the extremities as they relate to peripheral vascular disease and which may be manifestations of abnormal local circulatory disease as well as of diffuse underlying systemic disease. Peripheral vascular diseases are not limited to occlusive, embolic or inflammatory conditions in the vessels of the extremity only. This discussion is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all conditions hut rather it gives selective examples to emphasize the variety arid scope of diseases that are properly classified as peripheral vascular diseases and to stress the importance of color changes of the skin of the extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concepts regarding the causes of strokes have undergone marked evolution during the past several years. Treatment has been revised accordingly. Development of safe cervical-cerebral angiography has been a potent factor in bringing about these changes, for it is through increasing use of angiography that accurate evaluation of the cerebrovascular system has been made possible, and a focal anatomical diagnosis the rule. Segmental arterial disease in the neck has emerged as an important cause of hemiplegia. Surgical restoration of blood flow through or around vertebral artery and carotid artery occlusions may, in certain cases, cure the patient with stroke or prevent further attacks, whereas anticoagulant medication has been shown to be beneficial for many of those with proved cerebral artery occlusions. Clinical neurologic evaluation of the patient with cerebrovascular disease may point with considerable accuracy to the zone or zones of cerebral dysfunction, but may often fail to indicate the precise location of the lesion responsible for such dysfunction. A variety of different distant lesions may, unfortunately, produce the same neurologic signs and symptoms. It is the thesis of this paper that the clinical syndrome known as stroke is a symptom complex representing cerebral dysfunction, the precise form of this dysfunction being dependent upon a number of complex variables in cervical-cerebral circulatory structure and function. These vascular unknowns are best investigated with the use of serial cervical-cerebral angiography. In many instances accurate diagnosis is possible only by use of this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Second World Congress of the International Society of Tropical Dermatology was held in Kyoto, Japan, from August 15-20, 1969. It was a complete scientific and social success. The response to the topics discussed has demonstrated the increasing interest the world dermatologists in the problems of the tropics. The attendance at the Congress was greater than originally examined. The opening ceremony took place at the official location of the Congress, the Kyoto International Conference Hall, one of the most modern, spacious and attractive buildings of this type in the world.

This article focuses on the paper "Melanosis Circumscripta," by D. Grinspan and J. Abulafia. The authors in this paper describe 10 examples of their own, and review the literature and the newer ideas on the subject. If the lesions become malignant the prognosis is relatively good and the usual extensive extirpation is unnecessary.

The article discusses a paper entitled "Antifungal Antibiotics in Clinical Medicine," by Harvey Blank. Antifungal antibiotics prepared from the streptomycetes containing a polyene chromophore chemical group appear of clinical value or promise. Nystatin, amphotericin and trichomycin have been used and appear to work in a comparable manner. Oral administration has been disappointing and gives rise to undesirable side effects.

The article presents a paper "Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Observations," by Isadore Fisher. The author concludes that there is no correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis. There is no clear cut difference in the course or prognosis of cases showing intraepidermal (acantholytic) and subepidermal (non-acantholytic or tension) bullae. Both types of bullae may be found at different times in the same patient. All should be labeled "pemphigus" there is no call for a sub-class of" senile dermatitis herpetiformis" or " pemphigoid."

The article focuses on a paper on dermatoses that are caused due to oils used in industries. The paper presents clinical features, differential diagnosis and prevention.

The article discusses the paper "Balanitis Circinata in Reiter's Disease," by H. Reich. The paper reports that balanitis circinata may be the only cutaneous manifestation of Reiter's disease and therefore serve for diagnosis. The stratum corneum is parakeratotic and Reich likes the name balanitis circinata parakeratotica.

Examines the case of a boy who presented with signs and symptoms of meningitis. Medical history; Health examination; Results of a lumbar puncture; Organism recovered from the spinal fluid.

This article presents an abstract of the academic paper "Clinical Significance of Motor Defect, with Military Implications," by S.R. Heath published in a scholarly periodical. Rail-Walking Test was administered to unselected men from nonspecial army units and to trainees in a special training unit.

This article informs that nearly every adult suffers from periodontal disease to some degree. Because of this universal distribution, some measure of severity or intensity of the disease is necessary in order to have any sensitivity in the evaluation of clinical trials. Amongst certain variables, particularly those concerned with oral hygiene, differences in anatomic site may make inhomogeneous what was before a homogeneous variable, particularly in regard to evaluation of therapy. A regimen effective in removing interproximal plaque, such as flossing, would have little, if any, effect on facial plaque.

Six patients with persistent nodular scabies are described. Initially the diagnosis was in doubt, and thus a lesion was biopsied in each case. The histology bore a striking resemblance to that of malignant lymphoid neoplasm in five cases. In the absence of a clinical diagnosis it was reported as such by experienced skin histopathologists. In the remaining case an acarus was seen histologically, but the type and extent of the dermal infiltrate suggested a concomitant adverse thug reaction. We feel that these histological appearances may be misleading and that even with accurate clinical details the true diagnosis may be made only on the subsequent progress of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which explores effectiveness of community treatment for chronic psychotic patient. The objective of the study was to present the findings regarding the clinical utility of treating psychosis with respect to effecting hospital release, reducing recidivism and enhancing community adjustment. It measures the effectivity of community treatment by comparing the outcome of the program with the outcome of two hospitals based socioenvironmental therapy and traditional hospital treatment. It shows that community treatment is more advantageous than residential treatment for chronic hospitalized patients and more effective than traditional hospital programs in preventing readmission.

Therapeutical defibrination induced by a 10 day's arvin infusion period caused a more pronounced and more sustained decrease of blood viscosity as compared with SK. Simultaneously an increase of the rest flow of the calf and of the foot and an improvement of the efficiency of the collateral circulation—as measured by reactive hyperemia—could be observed in patients with peripheral arterial occlusions even in stage III to IVa. Therefore therapeutical defibrination with arvin might be an effective new therapy in patients with ischemic rest pain because of multiple arterial occlusions when thrombolysis with SK or surgical arterial reconstruction is not indicated or not possible. In thrombolytic therapy with SK, arvin was superior to heparin in the change over phase from SK to phenprocoumon in respect to its anticoagulatory effect. In the dose used, however, there was not a calculable risk of bleeding. Further investigations will show whether a reduced dosage of arvin is sufficient anticoagulatory as well as safe also in combination with SK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multitechnical non-invasive procedures were used to assess the arteriolar effects of cinnarizine and its difluoroderivative, flunarizine, in 20 normal volunteers and in 43 elderly patients with occlusive disease of the extremities due to arteriosclerosis, 22 of whom had intermittent claudication. The trial involved six separate studies of which three were double-blind cross-over, one was a 6-month open study followed by a 6-month double-blind study and two were open studies. Significant drug-related effects were obtained by venous occlusion plethysmometry, differentiated pulse plethysmometry, oscillometry, claudicometer, postexercise arm-ankle pressure gradients and exercise tolerance measurements, but not by light plethysmometry and skin temperature measurements. The results indicated that cinnarizine and flunarizine improved vascular distension and blood How in normal volunteers, as well as in patients with occlusive disease of the extremities due to arteriosclerosis. The patients also showed increased postexercise arm-ankle pressure gradients, improved arterial pulsations and better exercise performance and tolerance. The drugs were devoid of effects on sympathetic reflexes, resting blood pressure and pulse rate; they were devoid of side-effects and were well tolerated also by patients treated with antihypertensives and cardiac glycosides. Flunarizine was at least as effective as its parent compound at two to three times lower dose levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the "Sixth International Conference on Oral Biology" to be held at Toronto, Ontario, from June 3-5, 1974. The theme of the conference will be "Pharmacology and Therapeutics." Interested scientists are invited to submit specific titles and abstracts of papers to be considered for presentation at the conference. Primary consideration will be given to research utilizing a multidiscipline approach and having a wide appeal to scientists in oral biology. Titles should clearly define the topic; a single page abstract must include a summary of materials, research methodology, results and conclusions.

The article presents a profile of scientist Philip Levine. He was born in Kletsk, Russia, and was educated in the U.S. from an early age. The scientist has been associated with the Ortho Research Foundation in New Jersey and had conducted research in the field of immunohemotology. He is popular for his discovery of the human Rh antigen, a blood factor, which is important in clinical medicine. His numerous achievements are highlighted, which includes the succesful Wisconsin law sponsored by him, which granted courts the authority to order blood tests in cases of paternity disputes.

The article focuses on a paper on toxic bullous epidermolysis after sulphamethoxypyridazine. The authors describe the above situation in a boy aged four-and- a-half who received sulphamethoxypyridazine in the rather excessive dose of 1 g daily for 10 days.

The article presents a case study of a boy aged 15 suffering from leuconychia. Since birth the finger nails of the hands had been white, the toe nails being normal. On two previous occasions the nails had become normal with vitamin A therapy, 50,000 units night and morning.

This article focuses on the paper "Lichen Planus Pemphigoides," by T. Grüneberg. A patient suffering from lichen planus was observed for 20 years. Early in this period of observation the developed a widespread bullous eruption which was indistinguishable from pemphigus vulgaris. Complete recovery took place and treatment is not likely to be responsible for this. There has been no recurrence of bullae or vesicles since, though there have been recurrent typical manifestations of lichen planus. Similar cases have been reported by other authors.

The article focuses on a research paper that highlights the effect of stilbamadine therapy on experimental blastomycetes dermatitidi infection in mice.

The article cites a research paper in which the author states that dissecting aneurysm of the aorta has frequently been mistaken for syphilitic aortic disease. After a description of the chief clinical features of dissecting aneurysm and a review of the beliefs held on its pathogenesis and mechanism, the differential diagnosis from syphilis, both ante-mortem and post-mortem, is discussed.

This section presents a list of books and papers about the therapeutics of infancy and childhood.

The paper focuses on the article "The Case Against Teaching," published in the August 1966 issue of "Journal of Medical Education." The scholarly clinician is usually an investigator-teacher-clinician whose clinical interests are often confined to a narrow spectrum. He may be an able human biologist and a good teacher, but he is seldom seen by the student in a posture of clinical scholarship. This scholarly clinician uses the patient to teach, while the clinical scholar uses the patient to learn.

The paper provides information on accubitus, a method used by physician Thomas Sydenham in treating devitalizing elderly patients with either a live puppy or a young person. Sydenham treated a woman for dysentery by causing her son, to go to bed to her naked and to lie the one close to her belly, the other close to her back. The treatment was successfully applied to a man with a continued fever of such severity that his doctor "judged him a dead man" until Sydenham suggested that a link-boy should lie very close to him all night. The same method was used in treating the wife of Nicholas Monk, Bishop of Hereford, when suffering from an ague.

Questions associated with developing a therapeutic technology are considered. A review of the research concerning the outcome of social work treatment is presented with respect to two client populations. Differences in types of treatment employed with each population are considered. Finally, given the population and the type of therapeutic intervention, issues are raised and evaluations made about the adequacy of outcome research in the particular area of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Dermatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Dermatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clinically normal skin from patients being treated for dermatitis herpetiformis was examined with the electron microscope. Cytoplasmic processes from the basal epidermal cells penetrated the dermis through discontinuities in the basal lamina which otherwise was normal in structure and thickness. The fibrous network of the dermis consisting of collagen, small reticular fibrils, anchoring fibrils and elastin, appeared normal. In patients receiving only dapsone, membrane-bound ‘vacuoles’ were found just below the basal lamina. They contained a fibrillar material of low electron density and were often associated with cell processes or complete cells, the classification of which was difficult. It is suggested that these vacuoles may be implicated in the reaction between reticulin and immunological complexes. In two specimens, early blister formation was also seen in the dermal papillae. The basal lamina remained applied to the stratum basale and was only absent where basal cell processes projected into the blister space which contained fibrin deposits. Vesiculated structures observed in the region of the blisters are interpreted as abnormal sensory nerve endings. This evidence supports the view that disruption of the basal lamina and blister formation in dermatitis herpetiformis are secondary to an earlier reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very difficult to find effective, acceptable protective agents for patients who are sensitive to long wave ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation. It has recently been reported that oral β carotene is a useful photoprotective agent in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) where sensitivity to visible light is important. The action of this drug has therefore been investigated in other diseases where sensitivity to the same part of the spectrum exists. Two patients with actinic reticuloid and three with solar urticaria, all sensitive to long wave UV and visible radiation were investigated before, during and after therapy with β carotene. Detailed monochromator tests were carried out and serum carotene and vitamin A levels determined at regular intervals. Therapy was continued from 2 to 12 months. Results showed that there was no objective or subjective evidence of improvement in any of the patients despite high serum carotene levels. Large variations in the dose of radiation required to produce a reaction were seen in all patients and it is essential to take account of this variation when assessing any photoprotective agent. It is possible that the mechanism of photosensitivity in actinic reticuloid and solar urticaria is quite different from that in EPP thus explaining the difference in the reported results of β carotene in the last disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on diseases of the vulva. Difficulty of interpreting the conditions of the vulva area during disease diagnosis due to the specialization and specific training; Availability of information resources that provide a comprehensive information on the disease of the vulva; Presentation of comparative studies on vulvar diseases.