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The article presents confidential papers on the policy of Great Britain in the Middle East. The document is a collection of three papers by a study group of the Cairo group of Chatham House located in London, England. The study made by the Cairo group is called "The Interests of the Commonwealth in the Middle East," the commonwealth, in this case, being a euphemism for the empire. The Middle East is described, in this study as a social and economic slum in which the greater part of the cultivable land is owned by large landowners. The paper proposes a system of bases in the Arab countries under a kind of international trusteeship.

This article presents information regarding leaks of news related to the U.S.' strategic governmental interests. One of the leaks says that the U.S. Congress may get bids to authorize force in the Middle-East. Anonymous details and amplification followed. The information was being pushed out methodically and without attribution. In another leak U.S. President Dwight David Eisenhower proposes to commit to defend all Middle-East against Soviets. Yet another says that U.S. revises plan on disarmament to break impasse.

The article presents various world news briefs. The Soviet Union and the U.S. will meet to discusses neutrality in the Middle East. The annual report by the British government on its defense plans outlines a scheme of solidarity with U.S. led defense efforts and the development of a nuclear deterrence. Adlai Stevenson addressed a conference on foreign aid in Washington, D.C.

The article discusses the shift in U.S. Middle Eastern policy, which is intended to ease the Israeli-Arab hatred and fear. The goal of State Secretary Foster Dulles is to calm Arab fears of Jewish aggressiveness and to subdue suspicions of Western imperialist intentions. As part of the policy, the U.S. has not entertained Israeli inquiries about an Export-Import Bank loan and deferred schedule payment to Israel. The moves were designed to convince Arab nations that the U.S. will not favor anyone in the Middle East.

The article focuses on the possible increase of petroleum prices in the United States as of March 15, 1974. The author pays special attention to U.S. government's "Project Independence" aimed at energy preservation in the context of the Arab oil embargo. Other topics addressed include U.S. petroleum companies' revenue and petroleum prices in the Middle East.

The article reports on the move of the U.S. bankers to open new branches in the Middle East. It mentions that Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's Fidelity Bank purchased 80% of Banque de la Mediteranée, while Chemical Bank bought 80% of Beirut's Rubiya Bank. It also highlights the establishment of merchant banks designed to tap Arab funds for medium and long-term lending and equity investments.

The article discusses offshore drilling for oil in the Middle East by the American Arabian Oil Co. (Aramco), a U.S. oil company, in 1957. The author focuses on the implications of Aramco's offshore drilling for other similar ventures in other Middle Eastern locations and discusses potential technical, financial and political problems with the drilling projects.

For four years before the outbreak of war the Arabs of Palestine, incited by Haj Amin El-Husseini, ex-Mufti of Jerusalem and Jamal Husseini, exiled leader of the Palestine Arab Party had been creating disturbances against the government and the Yishuv in Palestine. The majority of them were violently anti-British, and influenced by the poisonous propaganda of these same leaders, displayed considerable sympathy for the Axis powers, especially Germany. The Husseinis played a very important role in preparing and executing the plans of the Nazis in the Middle East.

Focuses on the political developments that have taken place in the United States and around the world. Proposal of construction of three huge nuclear plants to desalt sea water of the Suez Canal in Egypt and simultaneously produce electricity; Submission of the United Nations General Assembly on the problem of the Middle East; Estimation of the requirement of 360,000 different forms, printed, duplicated and multiplied in fifteen billion copies, to operate the United States government every year.

The article focuses on the author's opinion on the policy of the United Nations (UN) as of December 1, 1974, with attention paid to Third World countries, the UN peacekeeping force in Israel and Egypt, and the decisions of UN Secretary General U Thant concerning intervention in the Middle East.

Presents several editorials which discussed different subjects. "Scorecard on a Journey," which discussed the seven-day journey U.S. President Richard Nixon took to five nations in the Middle East; "The Ogre of Inflation," which discussed the economic condition of the U.S.; "The Shame of New York,' which discussed the impact of the Watergate scandal on public trust; "Deadlier Than?" which discussed crimes against women.

Presents information on political conditions in the U.S. under the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon. Strategy followed by Nixon regarding the Watergate scandal; Details regarding a cease-fire in the Middle-East; Opinion of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding the access to historical documents in its possession; Others.

Highlights developments related to world politics. Facts related to the controversy about Vice President Spiro T. Agnew's involvement in leakage of information; Details of the violent eruption in the Middle East; Importance of the United Nations for world peace; Others.

A photograph of several American-built trucks that have arrived in the Middle East is presented.

The article discusses the political scenario in the U.S. In a press conference, one of the reporters asked President Dwight D. Eisenhower whether he would use the marines in the Middle East without asking the approval of the Congress first. The President's answer was, in effect, a stronger reaffirmation of his self-imposed limitation against sending troops into battle without specific Congressional approval. Reporters sometimes get the frustrated feeling at the President's press conference that he does not keep track of what is going on. U.S. Republicans aren't in a good position to push their "do-nothing" charge against Congress. Often they are the ones who have opposed the Eisenhower program.

The article presents information on the regime of Egypt President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who died in 1970. Nasser carried out several land reforms for reducing poverty. Not long before his death, the per capita income in Egypt was just over 180 dollar. It is stated that despite his shortcomings, Nasser gave a sense of national pride to Egypt and the Arab world. Nasser's death united Arabs in grief; and there were several demonstrations throughout the Middle East.

The early origins of mathematics are discussed, emphasizing those aspects which seem to be of greatest interest from the standpoint of computer science. A number of old Babylonian tablets, many of which have never before been translated into English, are quoted. Discusses the early origins of mathematics, particularly aspects of great interest from the standpoint of computer science. Introduction to Babylonian mathematics; Large number of clay tablets unearthed during expeditions in the Middle East which contain mathematical calculations; Clues about the life of early computer scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Farouk I, King of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, Sudan, Kordofan and Darfour. It discusses Farouk's role in the relations between the Middle East and the West, and his interest in foreign affairs. It details how Farouk has been working quietly to hold nationalism in check and to keep negotiations with the British government. The article reports on Farouk's opposition to the support given by the U.S. to Israel and the American government's policy in the Middle East.

The article offers updates on the conflicts in the Middle East, particularly between Lebanon and Israel. It notes that the Arabs have proclaimed victory over its rivals despite of its ongoing war with the Israelis. The Arabs have suffered one of the worst military defeats in history as they fall victims from the Israelis political peace talks that had imposed tougher terms for a settlement. Moreover, Jordan's King Hussein has expressed his dismay over the post-performances of his alliances.

Expresses hope for peace in the Middle East by highlighting changes taking place in the relations between Israelis and Palestinian Arabs. Acceptance by a large number of Arabs that it is not possible to hope that Israel ceases to exist and they can make a pre-1947 Palestine; Increase in Arabs visiting Israel as tourists; Increase in number of Arab merchants working prosperously within the framework of a commercial relationship with Israel.

This article presents a brief description of the current session of the United Nations' General Assembly, by the editor of the journal "The Nation." The editor reports that this session was held to discuss international relations, specially for the Middle East region and Russia with the U.S. The annual debate of the General Assembly has in recent sessions provided a forum for the enunciation of the latest U.S. conditions for ending the war. The sense of urgency has disappeared in both Washington, D.C. and Moscow with the stabilization of the cease-fire lines in the North East and the consequent waning of the danger of a forced military confrontation between the two major powers.

The article presents information on the political and economic policies of the U.S. The chances are that if the U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson Administration had not got the U.S. so deeply involved in Southeast Asia the crisis in the Middle East would not have blown up to its present menacing proportions. The Arabs would have been more cautious, the Russians would have had more incentive to continue trying to relax tensions with the U.S., and less to maneuver us into war on two fronts, an unpleasant prospect for even the foremost military power in the world, and the more so the two battlegrounds are separated by some 85 degrees of longitude.

The article presents commentary on various international and domestic U.S. politics as of the week of April 26, 1969. The first Federal Budget proposed to Congress by President Richard Nixon is analyzed in detail. Political demonstrations and civil unrest at Harvard University are discussed. The U.S. domestic visit by King Hussein of Jordan and its efforts towards the Middle Eastern peace process are described.

This article presents brief information on political conditions of several nations. By and large, the U.S. Administration has acted wisely in meeting the grave Suez crisis which has arisen in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. In discussing the situation in the Middle East, one must distinguish, of course, between the U.S. foreign policy, prior to the crisis and the various acts and statements which have been devised to cope with it. In any case, the United Nations remains the best hope for peace and freedom--freedom through a steadily strengthened rule of law, freedom through cooperation. The U.S. Democratic Party has once again come to that familiar fork in the road. It must decide again, and soon, whether its Southern wing shall continue to dominate the Congressional leadership and thereby make the record, fashion the issues and determine national policy.

This article offers world news briefs. Republicans in the U.S. Senate are trying to strengthen their bargaining position within the U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration. The Russians have opened a new dimension in space exploration comparable to the discovery of electromagnetism. Additionally, West Germany believes that it can influence Arab nationalism by giving the countries of the Middle East a chance at material progress.

The article discusses the Middle East's being less open to Communist pressure now than at any time since World War II. This improvement is said to be largely the result of the U.S. decision to concentrate on building a military shield against the Communists in the so-called "northern tier" of Middle East states, which includes only one Arab country, Iraq. It is reportedly on the rock of Turkish military strength instead of on inconstant Arab unity that the U.S. is building Middle East defense. The Arabs' need for capital investment is discussed.

The article features Hussein, King of Jordan. It states that Hussein had taken chances for the sake of keeping his royal inheritance. It also mentions that Hussein, the same with his people, was a personality who was caught between two worlds, and what inside him were many struggles which tear the Middle East. It adds that Hussein possessed an extremely bred of Arab prince, in which his speech and conduct were like of a young Englishman.

The article features West German industry as it ranks third in world exports and rising fast behind second place Britain, and U.S., first, in 1959. German exports reportedly soared from two billion U.S. dollars in 1951 to 8.8 billion U.S. dollars. It describes how Germany has gradually become an international banker and investor in order to export its goods. It details key areas where German industry has been successful including Latin America, Red China and the Middle East with its investments such as in machinery, automotive and chemical industries. INSET: Businessmen Who Set a Fast Pace For West Germany's Postwar Recove.

The article profiles Emile Bustani, chairman of Palestine-based Contracting and Trading Co. (CAT) and member of the parliament in Lebanon. He is known to be outspoken and is considered the unofficial ambassador of governments in the Middle East. The establishment of CAT in 1938 paved the way for Bustani to partner with Shukri Shammas and Abdullah Khoury. The alliance gave the company access to more construction contracts and gained a reputation overseas.

Focuses on the journey of the U.S. President Richard Nixon in the Middle East. Role of King Hussein of Jordan in improving the foreign relationships between the U.S. and the Arab world; Efforts of Nixon and his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, to bring a beneficial change in the relationships between the U.S. and the previously hostile Arab world; Speeches and addresses of Nixon during public gatherings at Cairo; Goal of the foreign travel of Nixon to improve foreign relations of the U.S. with the Middle East; Humiliation suffered by Nixon in Jerusalem, when he offered toast to former Prime Minister Golda Meir before offering the required toast to Israel's President, Ephraim Katzir; Discussion of Nixon with King Faisal, of Saudi Arabia, on matters like American arms for Saudi Arabia and oil; Promise of the U.S. material and technological aid to Egypt.

In 1950 U.S., Great Britain and London agreed to maintain "a certain level and balance" in arms for the embittered nations of the Middle East. For whatever it was worth the declaration was shattered when, in 1955, the Soviets began exchanging arms for influence in the region. After that, France and Great Britain disemboweled the understanding completely by their invasion of Egypt. Another double cross has now been added to a melancholy record by the French sale of 100, or 110 Mirage jets to Libya, a country of some 1.8 million population.

The article presents commentary on various international and domestic U.S. politics as of the week of March 22, 1969. Public pressure to withdrawal from the Vietnam War and President Richard Nixon's political position between the populace and Congress is discussed. Efforts by President Nixon to foster the Middle East peace process are outlined. The workman's compensation legislation passed for domestic coal miners is reviewed.

Reports on developments in the Near East. Aid provided by the United States to Near East; War-time aversion; Policy of combined censorship and propaganda in the Near East; Conflict between Armenians and Turks.

The current view from the Bridge of the Daughters of Jacob, where Israel has halted work on the Jordan River diversion canal, reveals a band of Syrian soldiers who keep a constant watch for what may well be the most prophetic sign in the Middle East in the last seven years: the appearance of an Israel shovel. When it finally comes--as it finally must--Israel will get water or war. Resumption of the digging that was stopped three years ago due to Syrian protest is now the most dangerous question mark haunting the shaky state of truce between Israel and the Arab nations.

The article discusses various topics related to the attitude of American liberals towards American political parties and candidates with reference to Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower's comment. It is urged that before taking any political action, they should acknowledge themselves of all the factors necessary to an intelligent decision as which candidate can most effectively mobilize the best elements in his party and country. It reports on various aspects of the scheme to show a common American British policy for the Middle East. The article also discusses William Henry Taylor, an employee of the International Monetary Fund, who has won clearance on charges of possible disloyalty and espionage.

The article discusses the U.S. foreign policy. Author Louis J. Halle recently used the pages of this journal to claim that the failures of American foreign policy stem from the failings of the conservative mind from its refusal to recognize the currents of history. The basic "conservative" failure of American foreign policy came, from this conservative tendency to view change as evil and to refuse to shift American support from corrupt governments to governments which have the support of the people. The conservatives, do not realize that events in the Middle East are the consequence of genuine civil wars and not of direct aggression. Therefore the United States should not support governments which cannot put down these internal revolts.

The result of the Greek offensive, which has just ended in the capture of Afium Kara Hissar, Kutahia, and Eski Shehr by the Greeks, has come to the public and press of the U.S. as a complete surprise. Similarly, the elections of 1920, in Greece took them unawares. Then, the defeat of Eleftherios Venizelos was conveniently explained away, however, by the assertion that the Greeks were, like every one else in the world, war weary, and bad voted against Venizelos to escape further military service.