Search

The article presents several kinds of watercolor papers and offers advice on how to select the right one in terms of the medium and technique employed. Manufactured in Italy, France, and England, finest papers are named and letter coded as rough (R), hot pressed (HP), and cold pressed (CP). Weight of paper ranges from 50 to 300 pounds in a ream of 500 sheets, and as a rule, 70-pound paper or more is recommended for watercolor. Images of different kinds of paper with paint results are presented such as wet and dry techniques on a 54-pound rough paper.

The article discusses several issues related to finance from different countries of the world. It is conceded by all financiers that the monetary condition in Europe is abnormal; the scramble for gold is acute and universal. Nations with good credit, alike with nations whose currency is on a paper basis, join in the efforts to get gold and to hoard it. London, England is the money clearing-house for the commercial world, and London, watching the battle now going on among Continental nations, has been carefully guarding her metal treasure. All knots come to the comb, and the Giolitti comb has got entangled in a number at the same time. Ever since the forced circulation of paper money, the banks of issue, especially the Tuscan and the Roman, have had their troubles, which have been from time to time staved off. There are two distinct parties in Italy on banking questions, the one advocating a single bank, the other that all banks are allowed to issue notes on their own account and responsibility.

The cause of the grave financial crisis in Italy is, bad political economy, for a nation which receives more gold than it spends, should grow richer and be lending instead of borrowing, and its paper should be as good as gold or as Bank of England notes. The history of the present crisis is that of the financial, and to a certain extent the political, economy of Italy since 1870. The first mistake of the Government was in not making the resumption of specie payments obligatory at a certain date, and holding the banks to it. The second mistake was in allowing the banks to issue the paper money, instead of making it an issue of the Government.

A law passed by the Italian Chambers on the Both of April, 1874, "to regulate the paper circulation during the suspension of specie payments," made it the duty of the Ministers of Finance and Commerce to present a report upon the forced currency and upon the best measures to be adopted for its extinction. Specie payments were suspended in Italy on the 1st of May 1806. The immediate occasion was the war by Prussia against Austria, in which Italy took part as the ally of Prussia, but the remoter causes are to be traced to the political revolution in Italy, by which its different sections were united under the Sardinian crown.

Freedom of the press was guaranteed in Italy by the constitution of 1848. However, on July 15, 1923, dictator Benito Mussolini of Italy passed a decree under which the prefect of a province may wane a newspaper to change its attitude. The paper says that by means of false or tendentious news may hamper the diplomatic action of the Italian government in its foreign relations, or damage the national credit at home or abroad, or arouse baseless alarm among the people, or incite to any breach of the peace. If the paper is warned twice in one year the prefect may forbid the editor to continue in office, even if there has never been a conviction against him and may refuse to authorize any new editor.

Presents several letters to the editor. Comment on the paper money in Italy; Professorships of law and medicine; Art exhibitions in Rome.

This article presents a discussion by Signor M. Ferraris, Italian Senator and former Minister of the Crown, of the Italian exchange situation that was printed by the "Anglo-Italian Review." The rates of exchange on foreign countries and the mercantile freights are the two most serious problems of the present moment. They are chiefly responsible for the high prices now obtaining, and for the economic and social unrest among the peoples. A high, unfavorable exchange is the surest index of the unsatisfactory general conditions of any country, such as external danger of complications leading to war, internal instability of order and social peace, and adverse balances in Government and local budgets.

The arrival of Communist newspapers from Italy stopped without notice or explanation. A recent copy of the newspaper Avanti, however, carried that from many directions Italian communists are being asked what has happened to the Communist daily, press. The bourgeois papers have written the usual foolishness on this subject, referring to the voluntary suppression of these papers in anticipation of a fusion of parties or for other fantastic reasons. On the issue the fascist Government of Italy has replied that the headquarters of the Turin paper "might be restored" but "might be held longer by the royal guards," and that "restitution will be considered," and "the opportunity will be sought to turn them back," etc. phrases which amount to definite refusal.

The article reports on the great start of the venture of Italy to the world shipping industry, which is backed by a marine decree that provides stimulus fund for companies with new ships.

The article narrates the story of newspaper vendor Ludovico Monti of Italy who decided to sell only "Unita," the Communist paper. He was lauded for years by the Communist party for his success until early 1950 when he failed to turn in the proceeds of his sales for the first time. His debt soared to 50,000 Italian liras, leading to his expulsion from the party. He shot his wife and committed suicide, only for people to find out that he did not embezzle the money but could not sell the papers worth the debt he owed.

The article focuses on the decline of monarchial prestige in Italy. During that time, much important material concerning the struggle for independence was held back, but for some time, past the Italian presses have poured out an increasing stream of books on every episode and, one might almost say, on nearly every man and woman of the Risorgimento Documents have been edited; the correspondence and diaries of patriots and their adversaries have been published, recollections of eye-witnesses, or reports of stories their children heard them tell, ;have overflowed from the monthly and weekly magazines into Sunday supplements and the daily papers.

Italian Premier Alcide De Gasperi has denounced the attempt on Italian Communist party leader Palmiro Togliatti's life; but Senator Sandro Pertini, an independent Socialist, spoke the truth when he rose in the Senate and accused the government of responsibility for the deed. The young would be assassin, a university student and correspondent of rightist papers, is a secondary figure in the drama. The shooting itself may have been an individual act, but one cannot conduct a campaign of hate, month after month, without inviting some unbalanced fanatic to take action which to him is the logical expression of this attitude. One cannot allow fascism to become organized legally and believe that order and democracy are safe.

The article presents information about various social and political developments around the world. Carlo Tresca's, proprietor of "Li Martello," a daily newspaper in New York, conviction on November 27 for advertising an Italian book on birth control in his paper seems to be the final step in an indecent and dishonest persecution of a man who is said by the U.S. State Department to be "causing friction between two governments" and who is hungrily awaited in Italy for his successful efforts to prevent Fascista organizations in the country. Forecasters have been prophesying that the Conservatives would come through the British election for a second time with a minority of the votes cast but with a safe majority in Parliament. Lloyd George, British Prime Minister, predicted a million majority for free trade but, under the electoral system which prevails in England as there, the protectionists may nevertheless tip the scales in Parliament.

This article focuses on the manifesto printed in the journal "Corriere della Sera," January 9, 1925 and was issued by all the opposition groups in the Italian Chambers of Deputies. The manifesto is as follows: "The extreme -phase of the conflict between Fascist domination and the country has begun. The mask of constitutionality and normality has been thrown off. The Government is trampling on the fundamental laws of the state, suffocating the free voice of the press with a despotism hitherto unheard of, suppressing every right of assemblage, mobilizing the armed forces of its party, persecuting citizens and associations while it tolerates and leaves unpunished acts of devastation and devastation against its opponents which degrade Italy in the eyes of the civilized world.

The article discusses several regulations introduced and implemented by the U.S. federal government that would affect the priorities, transportation and price control in 1945. The U.S. War Production Board (WPB) already permitted the use of cellophane in frost and fog shields of the automobiles. The U.S. Foreign Economic Administration allowed importers to obtain certain gift goods from Italy including chinaware, ceramics, silverware and coral.

In this article, the author focuses on issues related with the Anglo-Italian pact, held in April 1937, and its future consequences. This agreement was signed by British Premier, Neville Chamberlain and Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini. This pact is still in suspense. At close quarters the Spanish scene looks very different from the distant perspective. In the United States even some of the republic's well-wishers are inclined to opine gloomily that an ultimate Loyalist defeat is inevitable, their defeatist attitude having been induced, no doubt, by the stories which a short ten months ago were being front-paged in American papers. The most serious aspect of the Loyalists' situation is supposed to be the shortage of food, about which something drastic must be done.

The article reports that the U.S. has started early activation of special drawing rights (SDRs) under "paper gold" plan with an aim to raise liquidity. Guido Carli, head of Italy's central bank, states to change the fixed international exchange rates from the basis of the world monetary system. In the Carli plan, more of the job of adjusting currency values would be given to foreign exchange markets.

The article presents news trivia from Italy. The smartest of Rome's Communist daily papers, has had plenty to write about recently: the forthcoming Italian city elections, the bad weather, the situation in Algeria. And yet, every Friday it regularly devotes an entire page (Italian papers seldom run to more than ten pages) to an almost word-for-word account of the preceding evening's installment of "Lascia o raddoppia (Double or Nothing). This is the weekly television program modeled on The Sixty-four-thousand-Dollar Question, which for the past five months has been diverting a considerable amount of Italian interest arid conversation from customary channels.

This article presents information on a bank scandal that happened in Italy in 1893. After the arrest of the director of the branch Bank of Naples, the judicial authorities possessed themselves of all the public and private papers belonging to the accused, and on the perusal of these it became evident that the frauds were not confined to mere bank officials, and that the receivers were worse than the thieves. The permanent chief of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce was arrested on the charge of violating three articles of the Penal Code for having abetted the crimes of peculation and corruption committed by director and cashier of the Roman Bank.

Genoa also is to have its Fascist daily. The greatest seaport in the country is too much under the sway of the existing order to have any independent papers. A glance at the Secolo XIX, the Caffaro the Cittadino, and the Corriere Metcantile is sufficient to show what opinions and what programs are oppressed in these sheets, which are controlled by the Perrone brothers, the Transatlantic, the sugar interests, and the Piaggio Company. The new Fascist daily is to be called the Giornale di Genova, and is the result of a disagreement among certain factions of Fascism in Genoa and of a skirmish between the Seamen's Federation, D'Annunzia, and the Shipowners' Federation.

The Italian labor paper, the "Martello," published in New York City, prints in its issue of February 17 a list of Italian papers suppressed or suspended by the Fascisti. The items were taken from various Italian bourgeois papers: "Umanita Nova," the offices of this newspaper were occupied by the Fascisti, who also prevented the publication of the daily in another printing shop. The Vespro, edited by Schicchi, had to suspend publication for many weeks. The Avvenire Anarchico of Pisa has been suspended. The editor is in flight.

A manifesto was issued by the Italian Socialist Party that indicates that in spite of the iron rule of the Fascist a certain degree of protest against Prime Minister Benito Mussolini's Government has made itself heard. To the workers of Italy the manifesto indicates that the coup d'etat by which the constitution, already violated in practice, was formally annulled, has hitherto silenced the worker while the process of seizure and destruction of the central departments has recently culminated in systematic devastation.

A Letter from the Pope to the Bishop of Bergamo, Italy, dated March 11, taking a sharp stand against violent industrial conflict, was printed in the April 3, 1926, issue of the "Documentation Catholique." The same paper states that Don Carminati and Don Garbelli, the directors of the Labor Office at Bergamo, together with some of their associates, have resigned their offices. In this article, that Pope's letter is represented. According to this letter, it is true that there is no cause to be astonished that the enemy, exasperated at the spectacle of the marvelous fertility of this field of the Lord, and always on the look-out for favorable opportunities to lay waste to it, should have exploited the present crisis to spread dissension in a harvest so rich and so abundant.

This article presents information about the book "Sawdust Caesar," by George Seldes. No other man in power has ever succeeded to the same extent as Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in controlling not only the press of his own country but numerous foreign papers as well. The correspondents of the foreign papers living in Rome, Italy are not channels of independent information but merely zealous mouthpieces of Fascist propaganda. This book will be an efficadous antidote for the poison of this propaganda. The book is the best comprehensive work on Fascist Italy which thus far has been published in the English language.