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Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents evidence that there are fewer deaths than expected before three æremonial occasions: the birthday, Presidential elections, and the Jewish Day of Atonement. The investigation of mortality before the birthday was based on biographical information on 1,333 famous persons; official vital statistics tables were used to study mortality before the other two occasions. Alternative explanations of our findings are examined; the evidence suggests that the dip in deaths before ceremonies results from some 'postponement of death. These results are interpreted in terms of Durkheim's discussion of social integration and ceremonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explicates a theory that to account for differences of suicide rates of societies and other population categories. While the theory is directly concerned with variability in suicide rates, it has implications of theoretical nature and may prove to be of value in the analysis of behavior other than suicide. In a general sense, the theory represents an attempt to approach the problem of from a point generates specific empirical propositions as opposed to value ideas that often theory in sociology. The theory of status integration complete form is to be described in full in a much longer report that will also include of specific hypotheses, the methods of testing these hypotheses, and the results of the actual tests. The present report presents only a brief discussion of the nature and development of the theory of status integration, examples of measures of status integration, and some tests of hypotheses. This restriction means that a number of important theoretical and methodological problems must be treated superficially or ignored.

In the development of occupational studies of suicide one area of concern which generally has been neglected is female labor force participation. Using regression analysis on ecological data, this paper suggests some theoretical viewpoints with respect to female labor force participation and suicide. The results of the analysis on community level data in two metropolitan areas show that percentage nonwhite, percentage women in the labor force, male unemployment, and income were significantly related to suicide. The theoretical discussion is based on role and status integration and related problems for both women and men when there is increased involvement of women in the labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accidental drownings were analyzed to determine their relationship to age, race, alcohol, preexisting disease, and other factors. A number of preventive measures are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents statistical analysis on population. Much demographic work includes examining a population consisting of females, distributed by age, following it along through time, retrospectively and prospectively, taking account of its age distribution, and seeing how births add to it and deaths diminish it. Vito Volterra's fundamental work shows that to follow one population in this way is inadequate, no matter how elaborate the model may be, when the population in question is in effective ecological contact with some other population. Presumably, the continuance of the age-specific rates of death, which favor women at the present time by up to 100 percent in some age groups, would if continued, result in an older female population whose crude death rate would approach closer to that of males, and this would shift equation upward. The several birth and death rates constituting the constants in equations and would be extracted from the same annual volume of vital statistics if it were wished to have them represent a single period; if they were to represent a cohort, then the data for successive ages would be taken from successive volumes.

This article discusses about the suicide patterns and its causes in Denmark. As early as in the middle of the last century the Danish medical doctor J. Kayser, made the first reliable suicide-registration in 1836; and since that time suicides have been registered in Denmark. In this period the suicide-rate has moved up and down and up again. It seems sensible to assume that only on the basis of detailed analysis of the conditions in which suicides are committed in different places and at different times it will be possible to draw conclusions about the causes of the changing rates. In the middle of the last century the scientists, among whom may be mentioned the Danish medial doctor J. Kayser, and the German A. Wagner were apt to admit that several causes influenced the suicide rate; yet Kayser emphasized the despairing mood of the suicide as the real cause, while Wagner was inclined to explain the suicide rate by some general conditions in society. As result of the studies of data collected up to this day from many countries, a theoretical model of the suicide-risk was constructed, building on the assumption that both personal and social factors are of importance to create suicide.

Suicide, is among the first ten causes of adult deaths in the United States. It is helpful for social workers and other professionals to be able to recognize possible suicides, evaluate the suicidal risk, and recommend an appropriate course of treatment. Because of the seriousness of suicidal problems, consultation should always be sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report is presented of a study to determine how many people die of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in cars and to develop proposals for countermeasures. Results are reported and discussed; countermeasures are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the suicide and homicide rates of 48 countries is made to determine whether national suicide and homicide rates, on the one hand, and the relation between the rates, on the other, are related to economic development. The research hypothesis was supported in the finding that suicide rates tend to be high and homicide rates tend to be low in countries of high economic development and that suicide rates tend to be low and homicide rates tend to be high in countries of low economic development. The evidence indicates that economic development- as measured by urbanization and industrialization-bears a fairly constant relation to the relative frequencies of suicide and homicide. It is thus concluded that suicide and homicide should be considers causally separate social phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on some vital statistics and living conditions of a primitive peasant community in Sierra Leone. The great majority of the population belonged to the Kissi tribe one of the most primitive in Sierra Leone. The people live in dirty unventilated mud huts usually with an internal diameter of about eight feet, each housing an average of four to five people. Children go mainly unclothed, while adults wear a variety of garments of native or imported cloth, very of tea ragged and nearly always dirty. Babies are suckled until two to three years of age, but breast milk is supplemented, starting usually within the first two months, forcing, pap of rice or mashed banana down the infant's throat.

The article provides information on the growth in experimental populations of Tilapia mossambica. It is stated that each fish population was measured from 17.5 to 33.5 months. The sex-differential growth is well recognized in the genus Tilapia and has even been used as the basis of a method of mechanically separating the sexes. In addition, the length frequencies for populations and combined populations were bimodal reflecting the sexual growth difference. The progress of the length modes represents a combination of effects of recruitment, growth and mortality.