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SUMMARY: Erianin, crepidatin, and chrysotobibenzyl are typical medicinal polymethoxylated bibenzyls (PMBs) that are commercially produced in Dendrobium species. PMBs' chemo‐diversity is mediated by the manifold combinations of O‐methylation and hydroxylation in a definite order, which remains unsolved. To unequivocally elucidate the methylation mechanism of PMBs, 15 possible intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of PMBs were chemically synthesized. DcOMT1–5 were highly expressed in tissues where PMBs were biosynthesized, and their expression patterns were well‐correlated with the accumulation profiles of PMBs. Moreover, cell‐free orthogonal tests based on the synthesized intermediates further confirmed that DcOMT1‐5 exhibited distinct substrate preferences and displayed hydroxyl‐group regiospecificity during the sequential methylation process. The stepwise methylation of PMBs was discovered from SAM to dihydro‐piceatannol (P) in the following order: P → 3‐MeP → 4‐OH‐3‐MeP → 4‐OH‐3,5‐diMeP → 3,3'(4′),5‐triMeP → 3,4,4′,5‐tetraMeP (erianin) or 3,3′,4,5‐tetraMeP (crepidatin) → 3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentaMeP (chrysotobibenzyl). Furthermore, the regioselectivities of DcOMTs were investigated by ligand docking analyses which corresponded precisely with the catalytic activities. In summary, the findings shed light on the sequential catalytic mechanisms of PMB biosynthesis and provide a comprehensive PMB biosynthetic network in D. catenatum. The knowledge gained from this study may also contribute to the development of plant‐based medicinal applications and the production of high‐value PMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean is a short‐day plant that typically flowers earlier when exposed to short‐day conditions. However, the identification of genes associated with earlier flowering time but without a yield penalty is rare. In this study, we conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using two re‐sequencing datasets that included 113 wild soybeans (G. soja) and 1192 cultivated soybeans (G. max), respectively, and simultaneously identified a candidate flowering gene, qFT13‐3, which encodes a protein homologous to the pseudo‐response regulator (PRR) transcription factor. We identified four major haplotypes of qFT13‐3 in the natural population, with haplotype H4 (qFT13‐3H4) being lost during domestication, while qFT13‐3H1 underwent natural and artificial selection, increasing in proportion from 4.5% in G. soja to 43.8% in landrace and to 81.9% in improve cultivars. Notably, most cultivars harbouring qFT13‐3H1 were located in high‐latitude regions. Knockout of qFT13‐3 accelerated flowering and maturity time under long‐day conditions, indicating that qFT13‐3 functions as a flowering inhibitor. Our results also showed that qFT13‐3 directly downregulates the expression of GmELF3b‐2 which is a component of the circadian clock evening complex. Field trials revealed that the qft13‐3 mutants shorten the maturity period by 11 days without a concomitant penalty on yield. Collectively, qFT13‐3 can be utilized for the breeding of high‐yield cultivars with a short maturity time suitable for high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the genetic diversity of peanut in Jiangsu Province, 133 accessions of peanut landraces were evaluated by 25 SSR markers. 93 alleles were amplified, and the average number of alleles per locus was 3.72. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of each primer varied from 0.066 to 0.749 with an average of 0.374. Shannon's information index of each primer varied from 0.161 to 1.385 with an average of 0.671. The similarity coefficients of 133 peanut landraces varied from 0.416 to 1.000 with an average of 0.830. The order of average similarity coefficient of 4 types of peanut was Arachis hypogaea L. var. hypogaea (0.899) > var. hirsute (0.776) > var. vulgaris (0.710) > var. fastigiata (0.700). Cluster analysis with UPGMA showed that the landraces could be divided into three groups at 0.600 of genetic similarities coefficient. The results showed that there were rich genetic diversity of peanut landraces in Jiangsu Province, and the genetic diversity was significantly lower among the var. hypogaea than those of the other three types. The result of cluster analysis had important significance for efficiently using of these peanut landraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the mediating roles of occupational resilience and the moderationg role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between career calling and nurse burnout.Burnout is a frequent and serious problem in the field of nursing, and it poses a serious threat to both nurses’ health and patient safety. Although many studies have described the links between burnout, career calling, and occupational resilience, little is known about the actual mechanisms between career calling and nurse burnout.A cross‐sectional study of 615 nurses in China was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation models and bootstrapping methods. STROBE guidelines were followed.Career calling was found to be negatively associated with nurse burnout, and occupational resilience mediated the relationship between career calling and burnout. Additionally, perceived organizational support was found to play a moderating role in the relationship between occupational resilience and burnout.Career calling can reduce burnout by increasing nurses' levels of occupational resilience, and perceived organizational support moderates this mechanism. Hence, policies focused on encouraging and sustaining career calling should be provided by nurse managers in order to enhance stress resistance and reduce burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells with stem cell characteristics. The discovery of CSCs has opened a new era for cancer research. CSCs not only play a critical role in tumorigenesis, but also are responsible for the failure of cancer treatments. Here, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key stemness genes and prognostic signatures using the data of an Asian liver cancer patient cohort and a White liver cancer patient cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To compare the difference in tumorigenesis between the Asian patients and the White patients, the prognostic value of the key genes from the Asian patients was evaluated in the White patient cohort and vice versa. We found that some key genes could predict the survival of the patients regardless of race. In addition, the key genes, NUCB2 and KLF4A, were selected from Asian patients and White patients, respectively, for further experimental validation. Knocking down NUCB2 could inhibit the activity of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in liver cancer cells. We also confirmed that the knockdown of KLF4A suppressed ABCG2 activity and reduced the side population (SP) in liver cancer cells for the first time. Our results suggest that the stemness index is a useful method to identify key genes in tumorigenesis. Compared to the analysis for all patients, applying this index to the analysis of the patients of different races will provide more potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2023.)

A divergent synthetic approach to biogenetically related diterpenoids such as ent-kauranes, ent-trachylobanes, ent-beyerane, and ent-atisane has been developed. The unified synthetic route involves the De Mayo reaction to rapidly generate the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane moiety of ent-kaurane. The key reactions also include bioinspired nucleophilic cyclopropanation generating the [3.2.1.0 2,7 ]-tricyclic core of ent-trachylobane and regioselective cyclopropane fragmentation furnishing ent-beyerane and ent-atisane through the nucleophilic attack and protonation of the cyclopropane ring. This strategy enables the asymmetric total syntheses of six diterpenoids from the commercially available geraniol., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Two monocyclic members in the gracilioether family were synthesized in only three steps. The monocyclic products were further elaborated into advanced precursors to hippolachnin A and gracilioether E, respectively. Gracilioether F and the alleged structure for gracilioether I were also synthesized using a late-stage C(sp 3 )-H thermo-oxidation., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The causes for the title reaction to be limited to only the alkenes with an unsubstituted terminal alkenic carbon were explored. In some "failed" cases the cycloaddition products actually formed but rearranged concurrently. An oxygen atom or a N-Boc (Boc=tert-butyloxycarbonyl) group at the double bond was proven essential for acquisition of intact [3+2] cycloaddition products from 1,2-disubstituted ethylenes., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore diabetes-related distress and depression and their influence on treatment adherence in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: We surveyed 200 type 2 diabetic patients from two public hospitals using the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and Revised Treatment Adherence in Diabetes Questionnaire (RADQ). A multiple regression model was used to explore the relationship between diabetes distress, depression, and treatment adherence., Results: In the 200 eligible patients, the incidence of depression and diabetes distress was approximately 24% and 64%, respectively. The mean score on the RADQ was 23.0 ± 6.0. Multiple regression analysis showed that DDS scores (β = 5.34, P = 0.000), age (β = 0.15, P = 0.014), and family history (β = 3.2, P = 0.016) had a positive correlation with depression. DDS scores (β = -2.30, P = 0.000) and treatment methods (β = -0.93, P = 0.012) were risk factors for poor treatment adherence, whereas age (β = 0.089, P = 0.000) and cohabitation (β = 0.93, P = 0.012) increased treatment adherence. The independent-samples t- test showed that depression also affected treatment adherence (t = 2.53, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: These findings suggest that the DDS is a predictor of depression and that diabetes distress plays a more important part than depression in treatment adherence. Screening for diabetes distress may be useful for primary prevention of psychologic problems; however, some form of specialized psychologic intervention should be incorporated to promote patient adherence with treatment.