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Community broadcasting is anecdotally considered a 'training ground' for the mainstream media. However, there is little empirical research that supports these claims around skill development and career outcomes. Similarly, while community broadcasting is broadly recognized as contributing to social cohesion, the focus of much of this research is on audiences rather than the experiences of community media practitioners. This article is based on a broader programme of research that interrogated the experiences of people with significant involvement in the Australian community broadcasting sector to examine the impact of community media participation on career pathways. Here we consider a key finding: working or volunteering in community radio plays an important role in developing robust and meaningful networks, connections, and relationships which are central to shaping personal and professional pathways. These findings draw on rhizome theory to highlight the importance of community broadcasting for building and maintaining diverse and enduring networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luxembourg is a de facto multicultural country, with 179 different nationalities represented. It is, however, complex to identify who among the latter is perceived as an immigrant by public opinion. In the same vein, immigration stories rarely make the headlines of some of the most prominent outlets of Luxembourg's mainstream media. This study covers the print content of some of Luxembourg's dominant media outlets in the search for the representation of (im)migrants and refugees. It thus takes a perspective whereby media act as a vehicle for a quintessential aspect of interculturalism, that of local meaningful interaction. Its overarching question regards the role that both local mainstream and minority media sectors can play in promoting integration through intercultural dialogue. It is hereby argued that immigrants are foremost represented and given a voice in media outlets created for the immigrant and cross-border communities as well as in mainstream media with more local (Tageblatt) and independent political views (D'Lëtzebuerger Land). In stronghold media such as RTL Lëtzebuerg and Luxemburger Wort, immigrants are, instead, scarcely represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many studies that deal with the role of media and the motives for their creation. The present article explores the background behind the development of Ultra-Orthodox journalism. It examines the establishment of Ultra-Orthodox daily newspapers in Israel at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first by analyzing semistructured texts and ideas. The historical background and the way this journalism developed in general and specifically during those years reflect a strong social and censorial orientation. This study concludes that these newspapers can be seen as social definers that help preserve a community through censorship aimed at the general and other Ultra-Orthodox media. It helps communities and individuals self-define and can delineate an additional role for mass media as a social definer. The contention herein is that the establishment of Ultra-Orthodox newspapers in Israel serves as a mode for social definition; a definition that is arrived at by being part of the circle of the newspaper's readers, and the newspaper, in turn, defines itself by its censor board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perturbations of fluid media can give rise to non-equilibrium dynamics, which may, in turn, cause motion of immersed inclusions or tracer particles. We consider perturbations ("activations") that are local in space and time, of a fluid density which is conserved, and study the resulting diffusiophoretic phenomena that emerge at a large distance. Specifically, we consider cases where the perturbations propagate diffusively, providing examples from passive and active matter for which this is expected to be the case. Activations can, for instance, be realized by sudden and local changes in interaction potentials of the medium or by local changes in its activity. Various analytical results are provided for the case of confinement by two parallel walls. We investigate the possibility of extracting work from inclusions, which are moving through the activated fluid. Furthermore, we show that a time-dependent density profile, created via suitable activation protocols, allows for the conveyance of inclusions along controlled and stable trajectories. In contrast, in states with a steady density, inclusions cannot be held at stable positions, reminiscent of Earnshaw's theorem of electrostatics. We expect these findings to be applicable in a range of experimental systems. The phenomena described here are argued to be distinct from other forms of phoresis such as thermophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within journalism, social media has become a vehicle of communication that keeps the audience up to date regarding the content they publish. To manage this relationship, the figure of the community manager, a professional directly linked to studies of Information Sciences, is indispensable, especially in Journalism and Advertising. A qualitative methodology is used on the basis of Grounded Theory in 13 telephone interviews with Spanish media community managers. The data were later treated and coded with the analysis tool Atlas.ti version 8.4.3. Journalistic community managers have quite varied functions and are in constant evolution. The perception that the quality of content published on social media has more weight than results (in the form of clicks and interactions) prevails in an environment where information is consumed at high speed, and where competence is more difficult to discern. Journalism does not have to turn to social media only as simple intermediaries for official websites; it must build up a community of users interested in the media and the current topics being disseminated. Despite communicative noise, digital platforms are perceived as positive and as an effective tool for the medium, keeping the audience informed through the community manager's daily management as the voice of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of mass media during a public health crisis is an ineluctable part of providing the public with critical information rapidly, particularly messages about self- and response efficacy. However, little is known about the role local news media play in disseminating efficacy information during infectious disease outbreaks. Here, we use the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Liberia as a case to explore this question. We content analyzed newspaper and radio messages disseminated between March 2014 and March 2015, during the midst of the outbreak. Results show that both radio programs and newspaper articles mentioned over 21 prevention steps at some point, with noticeable differences within which disease prevention messages were communicated most frequently to the public. At least 1 mention of self-efficacy was identified in 31.5% of radio content (n = 127), 23.6% of radio programming (n = 55), and 10.6% of newspaper content (n = 745). Response efficacy, signifying effectiveness of preventive methods, was detected in 25.2% of radio (n = 127), 16.4% of radio programming (n = 55), and 15% of newspaper content (n = 745). This is important as efficacy reporting can impact public readiness to adopt preventative measures and affect beliefs about self- and response efficacy, ultimately decreasing chances of spreading the infection and poorer health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass media has become an important agent of socialization by reproducing dominant and other social norms, beliefs, discourses, ideologies, and values. Although the media can be considered as an educator, most of the transmission of norms, beliefs, ideologies, discourses, and values occur in an unconscious manner. In essence, the media will select and process facts for the public. Because they do this so systematically, they can affect the way their audience is influenced by the delivered information. Thus, the portrayal of crime in the news media has played a crucial role in creating public awareness and planting seeds of concern regarding crimes in Malaysia. How crime is presented in the media and how the media capitalizes on crime news can affect how society perceives crime. The presentation of crime news in the media is the result of a complex process of news gathering and news production. Hence, it is crucial to understand how crime news is produced and presented, and the impact this type of news has on society. It will in turn help to shape public opinion and public policy, which could consequently become a national concern. This paper presents an analysis of the hidden messages that the media is forwarding to society and the priorities given in constructing crime news in the local media. This study has analyzed news texts to understand how different types of crimes are covered and reported. An analysis of news narratives is also presented to understand how crimes are constructed and portrayed by the Malaysian media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue addressed: Published evaluations of population‐level social marketing campaigns predominantly focus on impact and outcome evaluation. Evaluation of complementary locally implemented activities and programs, despite being common and important components of social marketing campaigns are rarely published. This study sought to examine the drivers of engagement of local implementers in the Make Healthy Normal campaign, implemented in New South Wales (NSW), Australia from 2015 to 2018, and to describe their engagement with the campaign as well as the scope and extent of complementary activities. Methods: We conducted 13 in‐depth semi‐structured qualitative interviews with health and nonhealth stakeholders from a range of urban, regional and rural settings across NSW. We analysed the interviews thematically, using an inductive and iterative approach. Results: We found stakeholder engagement (ie decision to buy into and commit resources) to the campaign was underpinned by two main drivers: "understanding", or how well they understood the campaign and their role in it, and "perceived fit", or how appropriate it was to their context. A third factor, "communication" functioned to enhance both understanding and perceived fit. Conclusion: Our results suggest that stakeholders would engage with the campaign more where they had a sound understanding of the campaign objectives and content, and an appreciation of how the campaign fits their strategic and procedural context. So What?: Campaign managers should incorporate clear, regular and efficient communication with local implementers and work with these groups early in the campaign development process. Organisers should also support and promote a "community of practice" approach to capitalise on the innovations of those promoting campaign messages at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on indigenous radio practices in Argentina under the implementation of the 2009 Law 26.522 on Audiovisual Communication Services, currently undergoing reform. This pioneering law recognised indigenous broadcasters, thereby satisfying the call of indigenous organisations, during the legislative process, for their right to 'communication with identity' to be included. Nevertheless, we believe that the application of the law has been weak overall, and that the legal definition of media is questionable. Furthermore, we have hypothesised that indigenous media are caught between de jure public ownership and de facto communal belonging. This hypothesis derives from a comparative analysis of the Argentinian legal framework and similar reforms implemented throughout Latin America, as well as from a dialogue between international studies on community media and the literature on indigenous media. In order to determine whether and in what terms indigenous media can be considered as community media, we carried out semi-structured interviews with key informants from indigenous communities who had been authorised to broadcast under the law's implementation. We explored the genesis and objectives of their communication projects; programming and agendas; external relationships; internal organisation (with a focus on the sustainability strategies adopted); respondents' definitions of 'community communication', 'indigenous communication' and 'communication with identity'; and respondents' opinions on the application of the law and its media definition. We found that many indigenous broadcasters in Argentina act as community media and resemble them ontically – that is to say, in how and why they remain in the (mediatised) public space. Nevertheless, indigenous radio is ontologically different from community media because it is often shaped by its ethnic identity, namely, who the indigenous peoples are and how they represent themselves in the (mediatised) public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on locative media ethics and presents several responses to questions regarding locative media ethics. Topics include the relationship between communication and media, the communication design intersections of disability and accessibility, and the journalistic concerns associated with locative media ethics.

Introduction: This article analyzes the development of new genres of newsworkers that the local media are hiring in a digital ecosystem in which platforms like Google and Facebook have the control of distribution. Methodology: The object of study, within the framework of political journalism, is comprised of 12 Catalan local media selected according to criteria of media diversity and geographical distribution. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 professionals were conducted, from editors to journalists to social media managers. Results: Companies incorporate new job roles in political journalism. Nine new professional profiles are listed, although only three of them are profiles that the newsrooms are currently hiring. Conclusions: The skills related to marketing job roles are being adopted by journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By looking at how Pacific media producers position themselves in different contexts, this paper identifies complex identity politics within the communities of practice of New Zealand's Pacific news media production. Interviews with 23 Pacific news media producers reveal a tension between two fields of journalistic and Pacific norms that hinge upon different locative practices – strategic ploys to locate oneself and one's media in relation to community and to other Pacific and mainstream media – and appear to depend on each media outlets' positioning in relation to language, mainstream institutions and their ethnic community. Analysis of these locative practices helps to reveal some of the power relations embedded in Pacific media outlets' structural, cultural and ideological contexts. Unlike members of the dominant group, who have arguably more stability in identity, Pacific peoples' identity is always negotiated, and in ways that must continually answer back to the different forces that position them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates readers' perceptions of Idikelethu newspaper as a tool for community development, particularly in Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data was collected from two focus group discussions that were held in the areas where Idikelethu newspaper has high readership rates. The findings revealed that development-related issues such as health awareness, education and community safety, among others, are regularly addressed by this community newspaper. Based on the findings and analysis of data, this study concludes that Idikelethu newspaper contributes in many ways to the development of its readers and Alice community in general. It is anticipated that the findings of this paper will play an important role in assisting Idikelethu and other community newspapers to function better as agents of community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows in a concise way the proposal of a model for reception studies of community radios. This is result of a collaborative research process with five community radio stations in Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Santander. Under the assumption that it is an open model and that it does not claim universality, the authors leaves some guiding theoretical and methodological assumptions and presents a route so that other community radio experiences can adapt it to their own history and contexts of conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the narratives of "Islamist" intolerance in two cities of Yogyakarta and Solo in the post-Suharto era. It aims to elucidate the multiplicity of intolerance acts and the complexity of underpinning factors to intolerance. It argues that Islamist intolerance has manifested in various forms, ranging from the ideological, instrumental, and symbolic form. However, these categorizations of ideological, instrumental, and symbolic are not clear-cut and permanent one, but there is always some possible overlap between them. There is also the possibility that the form of intolerance can change in different times and occasions. This study is based on fieldwork research taken during 2014-2016 in both cities. Methodologically, this research-based article used Extended Cased Method (ECM). The data was collected by employing indepth interview and participant observation with secondary sources such as local media and government documents. [Tulisan ini membahas narasi Islam intoleran di dua kota, Solo dan Yogyakarta, pasca rezim Soeharto. Selain itu juga menjelaskan sejumlah aksi intoleran dan kompleksitas faktor-faktor yang berkelindan didalam peristiwa tersebut. Tulisan ini mengajukan argumen bahwa Islam intoleran mempunyai ragam bentuk, mulai dari ideologis, instrumentalis hingga simbolis. Meskipun demikian, kategori tersebut tidak bersifat kaku dan permanen, tetapi terkadang bersifat saling overlap satu sama lainnya. Ada kemungkinan juga bentuk intoleran berubah seiring dengan perubahan waktu dan kondisi. Kajian ini berdasarkan pada studi lapangan di dua kota pada rentang waktu 2014 - 2016. Secara metodologi kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Extended Cased Method (ECM). Data dikumpulkan melalui serangkaian wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif dengan didukung data sekunder dari arsip daerah dan sejumlah media surat kabar lokal.]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study focuses on the role of the local media in creating an environment favorable for forwarding the political propaganda against illegal drugs in Davao City. The local newspaper of Davao, the Mindanao Daily Mirror appeared to serve as a mouthpiece of those in power in Davao City rather than as an inquirer, watchdog, or representative of the Davaoeños. Through reviewing 256 news reports and interviewing journalists, this research casts light on how the media was used in antidrug campaigns and how it framed the narratives behind the operations in relation to the drug war in Davao City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's footprint in Africa's media sector over the last decade has reached dimensions that make it impossible to go unnoticed. In South Africa, one of the countries where this imprint is most diversified, Chinese media have been engaged in a varied range of activities, including content production and distribution, infrastructure development, direct investment in local media and training of journalists. Building on previous exploratory studies by the authors, this paper addresses an unresolved question in the study of China's media internationalization: the impact on journalism. Using data from 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews with editors, journalists and policy makers, we investigate how much influence Chinese media exercise on journalism in South Africa. We present responses along three dimensions: consumption of and attitudes towards Chinese media, impact on local journalism and views about South Africa-China relations. Our data offer evidence that, despite having substantially increased their presence, Chinese media are far from having a profound impact on media professionals. While some interviewees report the adoption of some Chinese media in their daily news consumption, scepticism towards China, and by extension its media, dominates. We discuss these findings in the context of Chinese state-owned media's attempts to increase their discursive power globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role that community media play in the translocal negotiation of local culture in Latin America. Translocal is a concept that captures the way that local cultural producers engage with national and transnational forces in shaping everyday cultural practices. This study focuses on community radio station Ecos de Manantlán in Zapotitlán de Vadillo, Mexico (Radio Zapotitlán), during the years 2006–2012. Radio Zapotitlán is officially categorized as a campesino or agricultural laborer/peasant station and presents its campesino identity through radio and Internet content. Analyses of that content, along with interviews with station associates and listeners, reveal the complex cultural mediations between local media producers, national regulators, and transnational donors. This study investigates the local production of a transnationally funded radionovela, or radio soap opera, as a window onto the station’s role as a cultural mediator. This article argues that station participants used the radionovela to express local values and meanings and to marginalize the educational goals of the transnational agency funding the project. Radio Zapotitlán offers a concrete case of cultural negotiation in which local interests engage with – and transform – donor-funded content aimed at the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Canada’s National Film Board (NFB) as a case study, this paper highlights a paradigm shift in media policy away from supporting diverse content in favor of new digital formats. Historically the NFB has supported Aboriginal media production as a hallmark of the institution’s founding commitment to representing Canada’s people and culture. However, in recent years the institution has shifted its focus to digital technologies and interactive productions. This research is rooted in both a quantitative and qualitative examination of NFB official reports and related press coverage. The examination demonstrates a decrease in emphasis on Aboriginal production and an increase in attention to new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a comparative reading on the changes in media systems that were conducted in seven countries in South America in the last decade which makes possible a creation or re-emergency of state or public media. In seeking to identify traits of a Latin American model of public media, we were particularly interested in analysing public access policies that every national system proposes as a way for greater plurality of voices and increased participation modes. We work considering three variables: funding, content and control of the media by citizens. Results show a scrappy process and that despite progress in some areas, there is a strong state dependence of public media and public access are not fully exercised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current economic and institutional crisis of journalism in Spain has contributed to the revitalization of media and communicational experiences of social movements and non-profit organizations. This revival of citizen participation reaches prominence from the 15M movement in May 2011, which has contributed to the strengthening of networks among the Third Communication of Media, as well as to the first large-scale coordinated broadcasts by community radios in Spain. This article aims at describing the physiognomy of an emerging sector at the margins of public and private-commercial media. Methodology combines observation and documentary research along with structured in-depth interviews to coordinators and citizen reporters of these media coverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a survey of non-daily editors and publishers in the U.S. regarding the importance of 14 ways they serve their communities. The survey reveals the need to elaborate the turf covered by the traditional functions assigned to the press. Information about the public's watchdog and civic engagement is presented.

The present research aims to understand how Venezuelan media sector has changed since the implementation of the new media policy in 2000. This is a review of the media structure in the late 90 and compared with the current. This work looks to identify the changes generated in media by the new communication policies. These changes are linked to a diversification of ownership, but especially to an unprecedented growth in the public and community media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on the contrast between community media and the nature of its communities in Africa that are not participatory but use participatory media. The general contention is that participatory media in Africa preside over non-participatory communities. The paper uses data collected at one Ugandan community media to prove that the limitations between community media and ‘the community’ require over half a century to solve. The immediate solution should be to rethink the idea of community, pay more attention not just to the nature of which media can develop which community as if it (community) was a homogeneous entity but also the idea of which community has the ability to host which media. The paper concludes by suggesting a redefinition of media to include non-media forms that show more potential in enhancing participation for all than community media. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The current work analyses the conditions of media production made by and/or for the Latin American immigrants in Germany (radio and TV programs, press and digital publications and virtual communities). Qualitative interviews were conducted with immigrant media makers from different German cities. The term "ethnic media" is criticized and it is argued in favour of using the concept "diasporic media". Moreover the importance and role of these media in order to construct an "ethnic public sphere" and its articulation within the public sphere of the German mainstream media are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated differences between how local and national newspapers framed race in their coverage of the 2007 Virginia Tech (VT) shootings. The results showed a local newspaper, with geographic and social ties to the VT community, published more stories about the shootings than did national newspapers and continued to publish articles well after the national newspapers had stopped. Further, national newspapers mentioned the shooter's race more often than did the local newspaper, despite having published fewer articles. The results also showed that national newspapers racialized the shooter more often and more prominently than did the local newspaper, but that the two newspaper types did not differ according to the levels of racialization each used (i.e., attributing the crime to the shooter himself rather than attributing it to his race), according to how racialized discussion of the shooting was, or in their use of implicit racialization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study we analyze how the social networks are being managed in 22 local digital media of 12 regions of Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Portugal, Spain and Venezuela. Through 22 semi-structured interviews made to their manager, which allow us to appreciate how, at present, the Social Media are seen like resources that help to increase the media capacities around communication and informative channels in spite of the little short development that exist, until now, about new professional profiles dedicated to the social networks management and initial state of empowerment of social media within the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the public discourse concerning juvenile delinquency in 20th century England. Particular focus is given to how crime statistics influence public perception and the government's understanding of juvenile delinquency. An overview is presented contrasting England's local and national press's reporting on youth crime. An overview of crime in the working class East End of London, England, including victimization, property claims and theft, is provided. The author contends that youth crime in mid-20th century England was not a result of fundamental behavioral change of the youth and that the fear of juvenile delinquency should be treated as a historical phenomenon in its own right.

The article discusses the aspect of the shifting media environment, that is, hyperlocal media operations (HLMOs). It proposes a definition and criteria for evaluating HLMO based on existing literature and examples of current usage. The definition has been based on six operations considered as exemplars of the hyperlocal prototype. These are geographic elements, community orientation, original news reporting, origins on the web, filling perceived gaps, and civic engagement. These six components of the definition have been applied to operations broadly deemed as representative of the ill-defined genre.

The role of mass media in the construction of debated environmental issues is discussed, with reference to biodiversity conservation policies. The articles in a local daily newspaper (Il Tirreno) about the designation of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park in Italy have been content analyzed, before and after the park designation. In a quantitative study, two lexical correspondence analyses were conducted, on the titles and bodies of a selection of articles, respectively. A qualitative content analysis of the selected material was also performed to deepen and broaden the quantitative study. Results revealed the salience of a local-regional political conflict in the representation of the park designation, with particular emphasis on the issue of local identity: Local activism appears to function as a territorial defense against external intrusion from a centralized authority. This authority is perceived as limiting the interests and freedom of local communities. The implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congressional mandates, federal regulatory policy, local broadcasters, and democratic ideals agree that local media should present local news in a way that adequately represents (and ideally unifies) local communities. But how do local broadcasters determine the composition of their local community? And is their portrayal of the community consistent with the ideals of representative democracy? Through one of the first systematic examinations of Spanish- and English-language local television newscasts, the authors find that general market media attention to Latino audiences is a function of the characteristics of the target audience, the size of the media market, the interaction of market size and market characteristics, and the degree of competition between local stations. The results, however, also indicate that even under the most optimal circumstances, general market outlets provide minimal coverage of minority interests. The implications for localism in broadcasting, democratic representation, and the nature and quality of political information reaching citizens and noncitizens alike are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the ways in which efforts aimed at democratising the media system and empowering communities in Indonesia in three discursive periods (the 1998 "Revolution Movement," the "Reform Era" follow-up, and the 2002 Broadcasting Act up till the present time) have ebbed and flowed. The main result of the changing winds so far has been the liberalisation of the market, in line with global media trends. The Government has tried to frustrate the prospects of community media. Hence, the current development of community radio in the country remains stagnant, the main challenge being to create a more visible position in the media landscape, which in turn may bring about a more supportive stance in the government's policies. Our tour d'horizon of the state of affairs of community radio, its complementary status to the mainstream national media scene, and the assessment of current needs are based upon empirical evidence gathered in the Manado and Jogyakarta areas. Departing from the different dynamics of these two cases, weaknesses and critical success factors will be assessed, taking into account the different backgrounds of the regions, radio practitioners as well as their audiences in terms of religion, ethnicity, and life styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policy change literature is contradictory about the role the media plays in policy change: a conduit for policy participants, with media accounts transmitting multiple policy beliefs of those involved in policy debates or a contributor in the policy process, with media accounts supplying consistent policy beliefs with congruent narrative framing strategies to construct a policy story. The purpose of this study is to empirically test whether the role of the media is that of a conduit or contributor in the policy change process. This study tests whether there are differences in policy beliefs and narrative framing strategies between local and national print media coverage of two contentious policy issues in the Greater Yellowstone Area between 1986 and 2006, that of snowmobile access and wolf reintroduction. In the Greater Yellowstone Area policy arena, local media accounts are believed to be aligned with the Old West Advocacy Coalition, whereas the national media accounts are thought to be part of the New West Advocacy Coalition. With a methodology informed by narrative policy analysis, one hundred seventy five local and national print newspaper accounts were content analyzed to determine whether these media accounts were policy narratives, with embedded policy beliefs and narrative framing strategies. The results indicate that there are statistical differences between local and national media coverage for five of the seven hypotheses. Media accounts are generally policy stories, suggesting that the media’s role is more of a contributor than a conduit in the policy change process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community media represent a crucial input in development processes, playing an important role in democratization, social struggles and awareness raising, impacting on the cultural and social dimensions of change. But despite this important role, often community media face difficulties due to the constraints created by national media laws. The article focuses on frequency allocation processes and funding mechanism to foster sustainability of community media. It looks at the cases of United Kingdom, where the communication regulator OfCom has opened a process to license community radios, and Brazil, where thousands of "illegal" community channels face repression while a consultation process is taking place with the aim of incorporating practitioners' suggestions into a new policy framework, to demonstrate how practically media policies can be re-shaped to meet the needs of community media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a community-based use of location-sensitive media technology, drawing on it to discuss: relationships between personal and community experience and place; participation and ownership of community-based location-sensitive media projects; the potential of this technology for rich and diverse self-representations; and the kind of context that might enable ongoing community-based use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides a panoramic sketch of the characteristics of community media and its three forms. Community television; Community radio; Community networks.

The present paper explores the role of the local media, in the form of a prefectural–level newspaper, in relation to local volunteer activity. The local newspaper’s potential for generating social knowledge and uniting resident’s consciousness about volunteerism and volunteer activity is examined, considering the influence of volunteer organization leaders on media and public volunteer–related agendas. The data presented appear to point to a role for the local newspaper in generating a positive volunteer consciousness, which is latent at present. The results suggest that while volunteer organization leadership is active in contacting the media, they appear to be less careful in establishing or policing the message they would have the media deliver. The present paper concludes by proposing that for Japanese volunteer organizations to better use the media in creating positive volunteer consciousness in their communities, they must work to establish their own media agenda and use both indirect means (through traditional media) and direct means (through direct public relations campaigns), to get that message to local residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which assessed the local press coverage of environmental conflict in the United States. How a community daily newspaper in a small system favor industry and government sources than the environmental activists; Background on the controversy; Discussion on environmentalism in the country; Methodology; Results and discussion.

Focuses on local mass media institutions in the United States. Information on alternative media insitutions in the United States; Historical background of community radio; Elements of effective community media activism.

While sociologists at the national level are often called upon to present opinions about social issues, the crucial work of clarifying the image of the discipline is probably best done in local settings. The difficulty, however, is that practicing sociologists at the state and local levels are often unsure about how to deal with the press and as a consequence are reluctant to present themselves to the local media arena. Several state associations are aware of this problem and have incorporated media training into their annual programs (notably, Georgia and North Carolina). This paper suggests some strategies for talking with the local media, based on personal experience of the author both as a sociologist and as a member of a state legislature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper numerically, generation of dark spatial solitons and quasi-solitons in negative Kerr medium which is described by the (1 + 1)-Dimensional local and nonlocal Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, using arbitrary initial condition field distributions dissimilar to the analytical solution is demonstrated. In the local and nonlocal case, different initial beam profiles with different initial beam-widths are considered, while different response functions of medium and degrees of nonlocality are governing the nonlocality. For the local case extra (lack of) energy in the center of beam profile is released to (absorbed from) the symmetric transversal area of media respectively, until the beam profile self evolves to the fundamental dark soliton with its appropriate amplitude and beam-width of the analytical dark soliton hyperbolic tangent. In the nonlocal case, the beam profile finds some oscillation on beam-width and evolves to a Reversed-Gaussian function, regardless of the nonlocal response function and the degree of nonlocality. By increasing the degree of nonlocality, the evolved beam profile finds the wider beam-width. Analytical formulas for the propagated intensity profile in nonlocal media are given. All the numerical simulations are done by MATLAB program and Split-Step method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we demonstrate numerically that it is possible to generate bright spatial quasi-solitons, in media that are described by the (1+1)-Dimensional local and nonlocal Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, using initial condition field distributions that are distinct from the analytical solution. In the local case different initial conditions were considered and in the nonlocal case different response functions and degrees of nonlocality were considered, obtaining the same behavior: at the beginning the initial profile is reshaped and after some distance, the beam propagates almost without change or in an small oscillatory way. The propagated intensity profile in the local case evolves to hyperbolic secant and in the nonlocal case to Gaussian, regardless of the degree of nonlocality. Analytical formulas for the propagated intensity profile are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on globalisation of the media. Globalisation in the media is a phenomenon which operates on multiple levels. The text image convergence currently discernible in the world of the print media is an example of technological globalisation. The reality is that the future is still a way off-but not as far as it once was. Television advertisements promise a world of interactive services in the domestic living room virtually now. However, there are enormous hazards of a cumbersome bureaucracy in the information technology market. One of the greatest concerns of those who seek to resist the globalisation of the media is the perceived impact it will have upon local media output.

Deals with the proliferation and establishment of community media in Venezuela, following the coup attempt against the administration of President Hugo Ch´vez in April 2002. Factors that led to the explosion of alternative and community media in the country; Role of the government in the establishment of community media; State of community media prior to the coup; Provisions of the Organic Telecommunications Law.