180,003 results
Search Results
102. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 67th annual meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society].
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1994
103. Filter paper-based spin column method for cost-efficient DNA or RNA purification.
- Author
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Panthee, Dilip R., Shi, Rui, and Lewis, Ramsey S.
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *SOLID phase extraction , *NUCLEIC acid isolation methods , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *PLANT genes - Abstract
We describe herein a method of recharging used commercial spin columns or assembling homemade spin columns using filter paper as binding material for cost-effective, low throughput nucleic acid purification. The efficiency of filter paper-based spin columns was evaluated for purification of nucleic acids from various sources. Following protocols of commercial kits, we found filter paper to be a useful binding material for purification of nucleic acids, including plant genomic DNA, plant total RNA, PCR products, and DNA from agarose gels. However, filter paper has a weak binding affinity to plasmid DNA in tested miniprep protocols. Protocols for the use of filter paper recharged spin columns or homemade spin columns for low throughput purification of plant genomic DNA and total RNA with unused commercial kit buffers or less expensive homemade buffers are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. The Classic Paper of Tobie, Von Brand, and Mehlman (1950) Revisited
- Author
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Seed, John Richard and Black, Samuel J.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of Marine Biochemistry Group of the Italian Biochemical Society. Brucoli, Italy, May 25-26, 1992.
- Subjects
- Biochemistry, Marine Biology
- Published
- 1993
106. Paper and thread as media for the frugal detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Author
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Hardik Ramesh Singhal, Amrutha Hasandka, Ankita Ramchandran Singh, Naresh Kumar Mani, M. S. Giri Nandagopal, and Anusha Prabhu
- Subjects
Burden of disease ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thread (network protocol) ,Microfluidics ,Review ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Cellulose ,Menstrual Hygiene Products ,Urinary tract infection ,Modalities ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public health ,Fungi ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Thread ,Culture Media ,Detection ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Colorimetry ,business - Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) make up a significant proportion of the global burden of disease in vulnerable groups and tend to substantially impair the quality of life of those affected, making timely detection of UTIs a priority for public health. However, economic and societal barriers drastically reduce accessibility of traditional lab-based testing methods for critical patient groups in low-resource areas, negatively affecting their overall healthcare outcomes. As a result, cellulose-based materials such as paper and thread have garnered significant interest among researchers as substrates for so-called frugal analytical devices which leverage the material’s portability and adaptability for facile and reproducible diagnoses of UTIs. Although the field may be only in its infancy, strategies aimed at commercial penetration can appreciably increase access to more healthcare options for at-risk people. In this review, we catalogue recent advances in devices that use cellulose-based materials as the primary housing or medium for UTI detection and chart out trends in the field. We also explore different modalities employed for detection, with particular emphasis on their ability to be ported onto discreet casings such as sanitary products. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
107. The Ability of a Bacterial Strain to Remove a Phenolic Structure as an Approach to Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment: Optimization by Experimental Design
- Author
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María Cristina Yeber and Tatiana Silva
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,phenolic compounds ,pulp and paper industry ,pollution control ,wastewater cleaning ,water sustainability ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
High-colored wastewater generated during the cellulose bleaching process causes the inhibition of biological activity when released into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterium’s capacity, identified as RGM2262, to degrade a complex phenolic structure such as lignin, which is found in high concentrations in the effluents generated during the production of cellulose, raw material for the manufacture of paper. To determine the values of the experimental variables that allow for a greater degradation of organic matter, an experimental model was carried out through experimental design. Thus, the experimental matrix was obtained with the variables pH 7 (−1) to 9 (+1) and a treatment time of 1 day (−1) to 5 days (+1). The results show that, at pH 8 and pH 9, both treatments—with bacteria in bio-films and without bio-films—were efficient. On the second day of treatment, 100% of the color and the phenolic structure were removed, with a similar rate constant, and at the same time, 80% COD and 70% of TOC, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar Kapoor, Pratyoosh Shukla, Guddu Kumar Gupta, and Mandeep Dixit
- Subjects
Laccase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Xylan ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
- Published
- 2021
109. Gamification Using Labyrinths and Mazes to Learn Biomolecule's Nomenclature of Biochemistry in Chemistry Degree
- Author
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Josep J. Centelles, Estefania Moreno, and Pedro R. de Atauri
- Abstract
Gamification is a very useful technique, that has been fully increasing in the last years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our innovation teaching group sent to our students several games, that were used by them for self-studying. Considering that many numerical problems can be proposed in Biochemistry, rather than numerical games (sudoku, adding and subtracting number games, …) word games were preferred to learn biomolecule nomenclature. Among these word games, we adapted to Biochemistry: connecting dots, labyrinths, mazes, matching two sets, amidakuji, logic games, crossword puzzles, word search puzzles, knight's tour games or anagrams. In this work, we present several games related to labyrinths and mazes. Connecting dot games were adapted to Biochemistry by using intermediate metabolite of a pathway instead of numbers to develop a picture when connecting the dots. Anyway, as pathways don't contain a big number of metabolites, no difficult pictures can be used. Thus, a labyrinth with questions and answers and letters connecting questions with answers can be better used. Correct answers can develop the letters of a biomolecule's name. Other kind of labyrinth can be those where the letters can be taken from the shortest route. Labyrinths can also be used to develop a word following the route in labyrinths and taking letters to get the word, as an anagram. Several examples are shown hereby, adapted for Biochemistry students of Chemistry degree. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
110. ACEs Are Wild: How Educators Can Positively Influence the 'Hand' Students Are Dealt
- Author
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Amanda M. Butler
- Abstract
Failing test scores in reading proficiency have been a blemish on our nation's report card for decades as scores have remained static despite the readily-available information on language and literacy attainment, and the employment of research-based strategies in classrooms. While we continue our quest to efficiently bolster reading skills, a less obvious solution may have little to do with literacy and everything to do with neuroscience. Over 60% of youths have suffered from one or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and children who experience adversity are more likely to struggle in school. Cortisol, a hormone released under stress, limits brain function and negatively impacts one's working memory, decision-making skills, and attention, all of which are required for reading proficiency. Researchers have proven that oxytocin, the "love hormone", reverses the effects of cortisol and is easily triggered in classroom settings via physical contact. By reversing the effects of cortisol, students will have the "mental real estate" to learn and retain the skills and knowledge necessary to become proficient readers. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
111. Best Paper Award for 1990.
- Subjects
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, History, 20th Century, Testosterone metabolism, United States, Awards and Prizes, Biochemistry history
- Published
- 1991
112. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 64th Congress of the Japanese Biochemical Society. October 2 to 5th, 1991, Tokyo, Japan].
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1991
113. Multicolorimetric ELISA biosensors on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device for visual point-of-care detection of infection diseases
- Author
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Lei Ma, Yousef Abugalyon, and Xiujun Li
- Subjects
Paper ,Polymers ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Point-of-care detection ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Communicable Diseases ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Multicolorimetric ELISA ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Humans ,Disease biomarker ,Integrated processing ,Paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,High potential ,Point of care ,Detection limit ,Quantitative biomarker detection ,Infectious disease ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Visual detection ,Embedded system ,Colorimetry ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Hepatitis C virus core Antigen ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for the detection of disease biomarkers. However, it utilizes time-consuming procedures and expensive instruments, making it infeasible for point-of-care (POC) analysis especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, a multicolorimetric ELISA biosensor integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic device was developed for rapid visual detection of disease biomarkers at point of care, without using costly equipment. This multicolormetric ELISA platform was built on multiple distinct color variants resulted from the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The vivid color changes could be easily distinguished by the naked eye, and their red mean values allowed quantitative biomarker detection, without using any sophisticated instruments. When this multicolorimetric ELISA was integrated on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device, it not only provided integrated processing and high portability but also enabled fast assays in about 50 min due to the unique advantages of paper/polymer hybrid devices. The limit of detection of 9.1 ng/μL of the hepatitis C virus core antigen, a biomarker for hepatitis C, was achieved using this multicolorimetric ELISA platform. This multicolor ELISA analytical device provides a new versatile, user-friendly, affordable, and portable immunosensing platform with high potential for on-site detections of various viruses, proteins, and biomarkers for low-resource settings such as at home, public venues, rural areas, and developing nations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03359-8.
- Published
- 2021
114. Treatment of paper mill effluent via electrochemical reaction and assessment of antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles in in-vitro conditions
- Author
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Khanindra Sharma, Madhurankhi Goswami, Neelotpal Sen Sarma, Arundhuti Devi, and Mohammed Shadab
- Subjects
Chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental remediation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Paper mill ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Bacterial growth ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Phenol ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity ,Hydrogen peroxide ,business ,Effluent ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A simple electrochemical approach has been strategically developed for in situ generations of ZnO nanoparticles using Zn rods as electrodes and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant without the formation of any by-product. These ZnO nanoparticles were extended for remediation of pollutants present in paper mill effluents, and separation efficiency was found to be above 90% for hydrocarbons, 92% for lignin, 99% for phenol, and 93% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), as confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and COD analysis. It was also observed that the experimental setup could successfully remove 99% of the color from the sample. These ZnO nanoparticles have been proven in the past to be antibacterial and were explored for its ability to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the effluent samples after the removal of toxic pollutants. Therefore, we proposed an electrochemical reaction for the in situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for remediation of paper mill effluent as well as inhibit the bacterial growth in the treated effluent sample.
- Published
- 2021
115. Antibody affinity as a driver of signal generation in a paper-based immunoassay for Ebola virus surveillance
- Author
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James B. Munro, Andrea C. Mora, Lara P. Murray, Charles R. Mace, and Ramesh Govindan
- Subjects
Paper analytical devices ,medicine.drug_class ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Monoclonal antibody ,Antibodies, Viral ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Epitope ,Analytical Chemistry ,Serology ,Affinity Reagent ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunoassays ,Diagnostics ,Immunoassay ,Ebola virus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Equipment Design ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ebolavirus ,Virology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ectodomain ,Paper-based microfluidics ,Ebola ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Graphical abstract During epidemics, such as the frequent and devastating Ebola virus outbreaks that have historically plagued regions of Africa, serological surveillance efforts are critical for viral containment and the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Antibody serology can also be used retrospectively for population-level surveillance to provide a more complete estimate of total infections. Ebola surveillance efforts rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which restrict testing to laboratories and are not adaptable for use in resource-limited settings. In this manuscript, we describe a paper-based immunoassay capable of detecting anti-Ebola IgG using Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein ectodomain (GP) as the affinity reagent. We evaluated seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GP—KZ52, 13C6, 4G7, 2G4, c6D8, 13F6, and 4F3—to elucidate the impact of binding affinity and binding epitope on assay performance and, ultimately, result interpretation. We used biolayer interferometry to characterize the binding of each antibody to GP before assessing their performance in our paper-based device. Binding affinity (KD) and on rate (kon) were major factors influencing the sensitivity of the paper-based immunoassay. mAbs with the best KD (3–25 nM) exhibited the lowest limits of detection (ca. μg mL−1), while mAbs with KD > 25 nM were undetectable in our device. Additionally, and most surprisingly, we determined that observed signals in paper devices were directly proportional to kon. These results highlight the importance of ensuring that the quality of recognition reagents is sufficient to support desired assay performance and suggest that the strength of an individual’s immune response can impact the interpretation of assay results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03317-4.
- Published
- 2021
116. [Abstracts of papers presented at the 63d annual meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society].
- Subjects
- Animals, Biochemical Phenomena, Humans, Biochemistry
- Published
- 1990
117. Selected papers from the 4th Asian Pacific Congress of Clinical Biochemistry. Hong Kong, August 28-September 2, 1988.
- Subjects
- Biochemical Phenomena, Humans, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Clinical
- Published
- 1990
118. The Hybrid stylus : a multi-surface active stylus for interacting with and handwriting on paper, tabletop display or both
- Author
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Klen Čopič Pucihar, Cuauhtli Campos, Matjaž Kljun, and Jakub Sandak
- Subjects
pen-paper user interfaces ,digitisation ,handwriting ,tablet computers ,tabletop computers ,Biochemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Time ,Computers, Handheld ,Graphite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Software - Abstract
The distinct properties and affordances of paper provide benefits that enabled paper to maintain an important role in the digital age. This is so much so, that some pen–paper interaction has been imitated in the digital world with touchscreens and stylus pens. Because digital medium also provides several advantages not available to physical paper, there is a clear benefit to merge the two mediums. Despite the plethora of concepts, prototypes and systems to digitise handwritten information on paper, these systems require specially prepared paper, complex setups and software, which can be used solely in combination with paper, and, most importantly, do not support the concurrent precise interaction with both mediums (paper and touchscreen) using one pen only. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and evaluation of theHybrid Stylus.TheHybrid Stylusis assembled with the infinity pencil tip (nib) made of graphite and a specially designed shielded tip holder that is attached to an active stylus. The stylus can be used for writing on a physical paper, while it still maintains all the features needed for tablet interaction. Moreover, the stylus also allows simultaneous digitisation of handwritten information on the paper when the paper is placed on the tablet screen. In order to evaluate the concept, we also add a user-friendly manual alignment of paper position on the underlying tablet computer The evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves almost perfect digitisation of strokes (98.6% of strokes were correctly registered with only 1.2% of ghost strokes) whilst maintaining excellent user experience of writing with a pencil on the paper.
- Published
- 2022
119. Carbon fiber paper spray ionization mass spectrometry
- Author
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Shanshan Wang, Jiahui Bai, Kang Wang, and Yinlong Guo
- Subjects
Paper ,Flavonoids ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Carbon Fiber ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Protons ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Mass Spectrometry ,Adenosine Monophosphate ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is commonly used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells due to its prominent areal electrosorption capacity, exceptional conductivity and excellent chemical stability. In this paper, we first explored the feasibility of carbon fiber paper as a specific paper substrate in paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). The results demonstrated that CFPSI-MS combines the merits of PSI and carbon fiber ionization (CFI) and exhibits better performance of various compound analyses than either of these techniques alone. The application of CFP can highly enhance the signal stability and detection sensitivity of a diverse array of analytes, especially in negative ionization mode. The ion intensity of target analytes such as saccharides and flavonoids was improved 2-90-fold. Many nonpolar/low-polarity analytes, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are difficult to ionize by traditional PSI-MS, were successfully detected by CFPSI-MS with a 2.5 kV high voltage. Moreover, CFPSI-MS presents high sensitivity in semiquantitative analysis, and the limits of detection (LODs) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), naringin and tivantinib in whole blood were improved 2-100-fold compared to those in traditional PSI-MS. In real sample analysis, CFPSI-MS also exhibits excellent capability in human breath analysis and blood metabolomic profiling.
- Published
- 2022
120. Simple and Sensitive Detection of Bacterial Hydrogen Sulfide Production Using a Paper-Based Colorimetric Assay
- Author
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Byung-Ki Ahn, Yong-Jin Ahn, Young-Ju Lee, Yeon-Hee Lee, and Gi-Ja Lee
- Subjects
Bacteria ,hydrogen sulfide ,bacteria ,paper ,colorimetric assay ,Colorimetry ,Hydrogen Sulfide ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Sulfides ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Hydrogen - Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to participate in bacteria-induced inflammatory response in periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify H2S produced by oral bacteria for diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases including halitosis and periodontal disease. In this study, we introduce a paper-based colorimetric assay for detecting bacterial H2S utilizing silver/Nafion/polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane and a 96-well microplate. This H2S-sensing paper showed a good sensitivity (8.27 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9996), which was higher than that of lead acetate paper (6.05 blue channel intensity/μM H2S, R2 = 0.9959). We analyzed the difference in H2S concentration released from four kinds of oral bacteria (Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus casei). Finally, the H2S level in Eikenella corrodens while varying the concentration of cysteine and treatment time was quantified. This paper-based colorimetric assay can be utilized as a simple and effective tool for in vitro screening of H2S-producing ability of many bacteria as well as salivary H2S analysis.
- Published
- 2022
121. Flame retardant and antimicrobial paper coatings with rosemary oil and barium borate
- Author
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URAL, ELİF and Çölük G., URAL E., Kandirmaz E. A.
- Subjects
Antimicrobial coating ,Temel Bilimler (SCI) ,MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ,Biochemistry ,MATERIALS SCIENCE ,Organik Kimya ,Kimya ,Flame retardant ,CHEMISTRY ,Biyokimya ,KİMYA, ORGANİK ,Materials Chemistry ,Biyoinorganik Kimya ,MALZEME BİLİMİ, ÇOKDİSİPLİNLİ ,Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG) ,Bioinorganic Chemistry ,Paper coating ,Malzeme Kimyası ,Temel Bilimler ,Organic Chemistry ,Printability ,Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG) ,CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC ,Fizik Bilimleri ,Natural Sciences (SCI) ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Active packaging ,Mühendislik ve Teknoloji ,Natural Sciences ,Malzeme Bilimi - Abstract
© 2022, Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. All rights reserved.Adding an antimicrobial effect to the papers used in the cardboard packaging industry can extend the life of the packed product. Paper, due to its structure, has the property of being ignited quickly. Enhancing the properties of paper, the combination of antimicrobial protection, low flammability and good printability to the paper will expand its usage area in the packaging industry. In this study, barium borate was synthesized in order to impart low flammability to paper. Different combinations of rosemary oil and barium borate were mixed with binding starch in varying amounts, and formulations were prepared. With these mixtures, 80 g/m2 paper was coated using a laboratory-type paper coating machine. The antimicrobial properties of the paper were investigated by performing the disk diffusion antimicrobial test against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test was performed to determine the low flammability of the paper. Color, gloss, contact angle and surface energy tests were performed for the printability properties of the paper. As a result, the coatings containing formulations of barium borate and rosemary oil, applied to the paper surface, succeeded in imparting antimicrobial and low flammability properties to the papers, while also improving the printability features.
- Published
- 2022
122. Evaluating ChatGPT as a Self-Learning Tool in Medical Biochemistry: A Performance Assessment in Undergraduate Medical University Examination
- Author
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Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, Anusha Rajajagadeesan, Lakshmi Goudhaman, Shalini Lakshmanan, Saranya Sundaramoorthi, Dineshkumar Ravi, Kalaiselvi Rajendiran, and Porchelvan Swaminathan
- Abstract
The emergence of ChatGPT as one of the most advanced chatbots and its ability to generate diverse data has given room for numerous discussions worldwide regarding its utility, particularly in advancing medical education and research. This study seeks to assess the performance of ChatGPT in medical biochemistry to evaluate its potential as an effective self-learning tool for medical students. This evaluation was carried out using the university examination question papers of both parts 1 and 2 of medical biochemistry which comprised theory and multiple choice questions (MCQs) accounting for a total of 100 in each part. The questions were used to interact with ChatGPT, and three raters independently reviewed and scored the answers to prevent bias in scoring. We conducted the inter-item correlation matrix and the interclass correlation between raters 1, 2, and 3. For MCQs, symmetric measures in the form of kappa value (a measure of agreement) were performed between raters 1, 2, and 3. ChatGPT generated relevant and appropriate answers to all questions along with explanations for MCQs. ChatGPT has "passed" the medical biochemistry university examination with an average score of 117 out of 200 (58%) in both papers. In Paper 1, ChatGPT has secured 60 ± 2.29 and 57 ± 4.36 in Paper 2. The kappa value for all the cross-analysis of Rater 1, Rater 2, and Rater 3 scores in MCQ was 1.000. The evaluation of ChatGPT as a self-learning tool in medical biochemistry has yielded important insights. While it is encouraging that ChatGPT has demonstrated proficiency in this area, the overall score of 58% indicates that there is work to be done. To unlock its full potential as a self-learning tool, ChatGPT must focus on generating not only accurate but also comprehensive and contextually relevant content.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. An Introduction to Modelling through a Microbial Interaction Application
- Author
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Fabiana Zama
- Abstract
This paper describes a teaching experiment in a Numerical Methods course for Master of Science students. The experiment uses scientific papers to develop modelling studies in the context of wine fermentation microbial interactions. The course involves theoretical and laboratory classes that focus on implementing numerical methods using Matlab for Initial Value Problems and Boundary Value Problems. The students are asked to formalise the mathematical model and build their own experiments using the information provided in the papers. Additionally, a parameter estimation experiment is organised, which involves generating synthetic data and computing noisy data to estimate the natural death rate of sensitive yeast. The results show that data noise significantly affects the parameter estimate and that scaling the data can help reduce the impact of measurement errors. The presented results can be used to investigate other possible assignments, such as how the evaluation of the Jacobian affects the estimation performance and compare different optimisation algorithms.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. A microfluidic fully paper-based analytical device integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nano-biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative detection of infectious diseases
- Author
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Hamed Tavakoli, Elisabeth Hirth, Man Luo, Sanjay Sharma Timilsina, Maowei Dou, Delfina C. Dominguez, and XiuJun Li
- Subjects
Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Humans ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Neisseria meningitidis ,Biochemistry ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Communicable Diseases - Abstract
Bacterial meningitis, an infection of the membranes (meninges) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. Higher case-fatality rates and short survival times have been reported in developing countries. Hence, a quick, straightforward, and low-cost approach is in great demand for the diagnosis of meningitis. In this research, a microfluidic fully paper-based analytical device (μFPAD) integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ssDNA-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nano-biosensors was developed for the first time for a simple, rapid, low-cost, and quantitative detection of the main meningitis-causing bacteria
- Published
- 2023
125. A Novel Equipment-Free Paper-Based Fluorometric Method for the Analytical Determination of Quinine in Soft Drink Samples
- Author
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Vasiliki C. Tsaftari, Maria Tarara, Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras, and George Z. Tsogas
- Subjects
paper-based analytical devicues ,fluorometric determination ,quinine ,UV irradiation ,simple imaging devices ,soft drink samples ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
A simple, equipment-free, direct fluorometric method, employing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) as sensors, for the selective determination of quinine (QN) is described herein. The suggested analytical method exploits the fluorescence emission of QN without any chemical reaction after the appropriate pH adjustment with nitric acid, at room temperature, on the surface of a paper device with the application of a UV lamp at 365 nm. The devices crafted had a low cost and were manufactured with chromatographic paper and wax barriers, and the analytical protocol followed was extremely easy for the analyst and required no laboratory instrumentation. According to the methodology, the user must place the sample on the detection area of the paper and read with a smartphone the fluorescence emitted by the QN molecules. Many chemical parameters were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in soft drink samples was carried out. Additionally, the chemical stability of these paper devices was considered in various maintenance conditions with good results. The detection limit calculated as 3.3 S/N was 3.6 mg L−1, and the precision of the method was satisfactory, being from 3.1% (intra-day) to 8.8% (inter-day). Soft drink samples were successfully analyzed and compared with a fluorescence method.
- Published
- 2023
126. PEO/cellulose composite paper based triboelectric nanogenerator and its application in human-health detection
- Author
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Changmei, Lin, Honghui, Zhao, Hai, Huang, Xiaojuan, Ma, and Shilin, Cao
- Subjects
Structural Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Recently, cellulose paper based triboelectric nanogenerators (CPTENGs) has gained widely attention due to the development of wearable, green and miniaturized electronic products. Modification of cellulose fibers or paper is a feasible method to improve the output performance of CPTENGs, however, the simple and effective routes to improve the triboelectric property of cellulose paper still remain a challenge. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare PEO/cellulose composite paper (PEO/CCP) via mixing polyethylene oxide (PEO) with cationic cellulose fibers. Benefiting from amino groups and PEO, the composite paper exhibits higher triboelectric positive property and triboelectric charge density, thereby endowing PEO/CCP based TENG with outstanding output performance. The voltage, current and power density peak values of PEO/CCP based TENG exhibited linear relationship with amino groups content; in this instance, the performance of the TENGs can be readily adjusted by the amino groups. The voltage, current and power density of PEO/CCP based TENG can be up to 222.1 V, 4.3 μA, and 217.3 mW•m
- Published
- 2023
127. Recyclable, UV-shielding, and biodegradable chitosan-based cardanol glycidyl ether as excellent water and oil resistance as well as gas barrier coating for paper
- Author
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Jihuai, Tan, Qinghao, Zhu, Dandan, Li, Nengkun, Huang, Ziwen, Wang, Zhulan, Liu, and Yunfeng, Cao
- Subjects
Structural Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Developing a feasible and low-cost approach to fabricate recyclable, UV-shielding, biodegradable as well as water- and oil-resistant coating for paper substance is still a challenge. Herein, novel full-biobased chitosan-derived cardanol glycidyl ether (CS-xCGE, x = 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1) coatings with different contents of cardanol glycidyl ether (CGE) were developed for paper substance via the ethoxylation of cardanol and sequent addition with chitosan in a one-pot process. Benefiting from the hydrophobicity and ultraviolet resistance of CGE, the resultant CS-CGE (x = 1) coated paper exhibited not only remarkable oil resistance (kit rating value of 11/12), but also water resistance (Cobb 60 value of 5.78 g/m
- Published
- 2023
128. Determination of Acrylic Resin Monomers in Food Packaging Paper by Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with Formic Acid as a Protective Agent
- Author
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Wang, Xuan, Zhu, Xiang, Xu, Wenjun, Shen, Jianmin, Xu, Jijun, Chen, Lina, Wang, Lei, and Xiang, Jianing
- Subjects
Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Electrochemistry ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using formic acid as a protective agent is reported for the determination of acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper. The analytes were extracted by ethanol mixed with formic acid with 2-phenylethyl propionate as the internal standard. The extract was separated by a 6% cyanopropylbenzene-94% dimethylsiloxane ultra-inert chromatographic column and analyzed by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. 13 acrylic resin monomers including acrylic acid, styrene, and acrylic ester were separated. The procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples. The procedure provided a linear calibration range with detection limits from 0.16 to 0.46 mg kg−1. The mean recoveries were from 88.1% to 100.9% with relative standard deviations less than 5.4%. The residual acrylic resin monomers in packaging paper were primarily from printing base paper and varnish. Of the acrylic resin monomers, the monomers except for butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate showed low migration rates. The method provides high sensitivity and good reproducibility with simple pretreatment, demonstrating application for monitoring acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper.
- Published
- 2023
129. A low-cost, paper-based hybrid capture assay to detect high-risk HPV DNA for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings
- Author
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Chelsey A. Smith, Megan M. Chang, Kathryn A. Kundrod, Emilie N. Novak, Sonia G. Parra, Leticia López, Celda Mavume, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Mauricio Maza, Mila P. Salcedo, Jennifer L. Carns, Ellen Baker, Jane Montealegre, Michael Scheurer, Philip E. Castle, Kathleen M. Schmeler, and Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death for women in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization recommends that cervical cancer screening programs incorporate HPV DNA testing, but available tests are expensive, require laboratory infrastructure, and cannot be performed at the point-of-care. We developed a two-dimensional paper network (2DPN), hybrid-capture, signal amplification assay and a point-of-care sample preparation protocol to detect high-risk HPV DNA from exfoliated cervical cells within an hour. The test does not require expensive equipment and has an estimated cost of$3 per test without the need for batching. We evaluated performance of the paper HPV DNA assay with short synthetic and genomic HPV DNA targets, HPV positive and negative cellular samples, and two sets of clinical samples. The first set of clinical samples consisted of 16 biobanked, provider-collected cervical samples from a study in El Salvador previously tested with careHPV and subsequently tested in a controlled laboratory environment. The paper HPV DNA test correctly identified eight of eight HPV-negative clinical samples and seven of eight HPV-positive clinical samples. We then performed a field evaluation of the paper HPV DNA test in a hospital laboratory in Mozambique. Cellular controls generated expected results throughout field testing with fully lyophilized sample preparation and 2DPN reagents. When evaluated with 16 residual self-collected cervicovaginal samples previously tested by the GeneXpert HPV assay ("Xpert"), the accuracy of the HPV DNA paper test in the field was reduced compared to testing in the controlled laboratory environment, with positive results obtained for all eight HPV-positive samples as well as seven of eight HPV-negative samples. Further evaluation showed reduction in performance was likely due in part to increased concentration of exfoliated cells in the self-collected clinical samples from Mozambique compared with provider-collected samples from El Salvador. Finally, a formal usability assessment was conducted with users in El Salvador and Mozambique; the assay was rated as acceptable to perform after minimal training. With additional optimization for higher cell concentrations and inclusion of an internal cellular control, the paper HPV DNA assay offers promise as a low-cost, point-of-care cervical cancer screening test in low-resource settings.
- Published
- 2023
130. Surface hydrophobization of pulp fibers in paper sheets via gas phase reactions
- Author
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Stefan Spirk, Sarah Krainer, Carina Waldner, Ulrich Hirn, Eero Kontturi, Philipp Wulz, Graz University of Technology, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Spectrophotometry, Infrared ,Trimethylsilyl ,Silylation ,Fluoroacetates ,Acetic Anhydrides ,Palmitates ,Gas phase ,Hydrophobisation ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Contact angle ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structural Biology ,Tensile Strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Organosilicon Compounds ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Porosity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Photoelectron Spectroscopy ,Water ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fibers ,Acetic anhydride ,Ultrasonic Waves ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Wettability ,Volatilization ,Trifluoroacetic anhydride ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Funding Information: The financial support of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Digital and Economic Affairs and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development , Austria, is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the industrial partners Mondi, Canon Production Printing, Kelheim Fibres, and SIG Combibloc for their support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Hydrophobization of cellulosic materials and particularly paper products is a commonly used procedure to render papers more resistant to water and moisture. Here, we explore the hydrophobization of unsized paper sheets via the gas phase. We employed three different compounds, namely palmitoyl chloride (PCl), trifluoroacetic anhydride/acetic anhydride (TFAA/Ac2O)) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) which were vaporized and allowed to react with the paper sheets via the gas phase. All routes yielded hydrophobic papers with static water contact angles far above 90° and indicated the formation of covalent bonds. The PCl and TFAA approach negatively impacted the mechanical and optical properties of the paper leading to a decrease in tensile strength and yellowing of the sheets. The HMDS modified papers did not exhibit any differences regarding relevant paper technological parameters (mechanical properties, optical properties, porosity) compared to the non-modified sheets. XPS studies revealed that the HMDS modified samples have a rather low silicon content, pointing at the formation of submonolayers of trimethylsilyl groups on the fiber surfaces in the paper network. This was further investigated by penetration dynamic analysis using ultrasonication, which revealed that the whole fiber network has been homogeneously modified with the silyl groups and not only the very outer surface as for the PCl and the TFAA modified papers. This procedure yields a possibility to study the influence of hydrophobicity on paper sheets and their network properties without changing structural and mechanical paper parameters.
- Published
- 2021
131. A Simple Paper-Based α-Amylase Separating System for Potential Application in Biological Sciences
- Author
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Gul Karima, Sujin Hyung, K. R. Shin, Kwang Sik Kim, and Jong Wook Hong
- Subjects
Saliva ,Disease status ,biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biochemistry ,Salivary diagnostics ,Pancreatic juice ,biology.protein ,Amylase ,Stress conditions ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Biological sciences ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The salivary glands are closely associated with stress conditions and the neuroendocrine system. The concentrations of these salivary biomarkers fluctuate with a person’s disease status. Until now, salivary diagnostics have been promising; however, the analytical tools for detecting salivary biomarkers have remained burdensome due to the lack of user-friendly and cost-effective equipment. In this study, we used a microfluidic starch-coated paper-based chip to isolate ɑ-amylase from human saliva. The concentration of ɑ-amylase on the head and tail sections of the paper-based chip was compared in the presence or absence of starch. We found that ɑ-amylase was highly concentrated only in the head section of the starch-coated paper-based chip through Western blotting (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We expect our designed paper-based chip will aid in α-amylase detection technologies using saliva and small amounts of other biofluids including blood, tears, pancreatic juice, and urine.
- Published
- 2021
132. First comprehensive analysis of lysine succinylation in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
- Author
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Yibo Dong, Ping Li, and Chao Chen
- Subjects
Proteomics ,0106 biological sciences ,China ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Lysine ,Succinic Acid ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,Succinylation ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,Photosynthesis ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Lysine succinylation ,organic chemicals ,Paper mulberry ,Metabolism ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Citric acid cycle ,lcsh:Genetics ,Biochemistry ,bacteria ,Morus ,Posttranslational modification ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Research Article ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification (PTM) that is ubiquitous in organisms. Lysine succinylation plays important roles in regulating protein structure and function as well as cellular metabolism. Global lysine succinylation at the proteomic level has been identified in a variety of species; however, limited information on lysine succinylation in plant species, especially paper mulberry, is available. Paper mulberry is not only an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine, but it is also a tree species with significant economic value. Paper mulberry is found in the temperate and tropical zones of China. The present study analyzed the effects of lysine succinylation on the growth, development, and physiology of paper mulberry. Results A total of 2097 lysine succinylation sites were identified in 935 proteins associated with the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, ribosomes and oxidative phosphorylation; these pathways play a role in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and may be regulated by lysine succinylation. The modified proteins were distributed in multiple subcellular compartments and were involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. Conclusion Lysine-succinylated proteins may play key regulatory roles in metabolism, primarily in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as in many other cellular processes. In addition to the large number of succinylated proteins associated with photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, some proteins associated with the TCA cycle are succinylated. Our study can serve as a reference for further proteomics studies of the downstream effects of succinylation on the physiology and biochemistry of paper mulberry.
- Published
- 2021
133. Recent advances in paper‐based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization
- Author
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Yuan Xichen, Ren Li, Shang Peng, Feng Huicheng, Meng Zhiyue, and Yang Yang
- Subjects
Chip fabrication ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Ion concentration polarization ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Polarization phenomenon ,High complexity ,0210 nano-technology ,Polarization (electrochemistry) - Abstract
One of the most cited limitations of biochemical detection is its poor sensitivity, owing to the relatively high complexity of micro-samples. Moreover, some samples cannot be easily self-replicated and their abundance cannot be increased through traditional technologies. Therefore, the preconcentration of low-abundance samples is a key requirement for microfluidic biological analysis. In recent years, the ion-concentration polarization phenomenon has aroused widespread interest in the application of microfluidic technology. In addition, paper-based materials are readily available, easy to modify, and exhibit good hydrophilicity. The study of the ion-concentration polarization preconcentration of micro-samples in paper-based microfluidic chips is of considerable significance. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of ion-concentration polarization paper-based preconcentrator in the past 5 years, with emphasis on key progresses in chip fabrication and performance optimization under different conditions. The current needs and development prospects in this field have also been discussed.
- Published
- 2021
134. Paper-Based Enzymatic Colorimetric Assay for Rapid Malathion Detection
- Author
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Xiao-Yan Zhang, Jian-Hui Li, Yunpeng Bai, Yu-Lian Zhao, and Xue-Lei Deng
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Analyte ,Immobilized enzyme ,Hydrolases ,Bioengineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,Poloxamer ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,010608 biotechnology ,Kinetic constant ,Molecular Biology ,Acrylic acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,0104 chemical sciences ,Enzyme ,Malathion ,Colorimetry ,Biosensor ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Due to their unique properties, paper-based biosensors have attracted attention as inexpensive devices for on-site analysis. To achieve fast and sensitive detection of analytes, immobilization of enzymes with high apparent activities on paper is highly desirable; however, this is challenging. Herein, we report an improved approach to attach a malathion degrading enzyme, PoOPHM9, on paper via an interlocking network of Pluronic F127 (PF127)–poly(acrylic acid)–enzyme conjugates. The addition of PF127 improved retention of enzymatic activity as the apparent kinetic constant Vmax of the immobilized enzyme increased two-fold compared with the paper prepared without PF127. The PF127–poly(acrylic acid)–PoOPHM9 papers provided rapid colorimetric detection of malathion at 0.1–50 mM. The detection was completed within 5 min using a smartphone and image analysis software. As a proof-of-concept, malathion-contaminated water, plant, and apple samples were analyzed with the papers successfully. This material is promising for on-site rapid analysis of malathion-contaminated samples.
- Published
- 2021
135. A colorimetric paper-based sensor with nanoporous SBA-15 for simultaneous determination of histidine and cysteine in urine samples
- Author
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Fatemeh Razavi and Habibollah Khajehsharifi
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Materials science ,Filter paper ,Nanoporous ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,Linear range ,Materials Chemistry ,Calibration ,0210 nano-technology ,Mesoporous material - Abstract
In this research, simultaneous quantification of cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) using a paper-based sensor was investigated for the first time. A microfluidic paper-based sensor is a promising amino acid determination tool due to its low cost, low sample consumption, and fast analysis and is easy to make. We used SBA-15 as porous materials that are crystalline compounds formed with surfactants and TEOS as a silica source. The SBA-15 sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The microfluidic paper-based sensors were fabricated using a wax pen, and the mesoporous SBA-15 modified filter paper. The fabricated sensors for Cys and His determination are operated based on an indicator-displacement assay. A comparative determination study of Cys and His on the sensors was carried out. The results illustrated that the addition of silica nanoporous material led to an immediate and uniform color change. The sensors were successfully exploited in the simultaneous determination of urinary Cys and His levels, thus providing the potential opportunity for clinical diagnosis. The linear range of 1.0 to 90.0 μM and 1.0 to 100 μM for His and Cys was obtained from the calibration data. The detection limits were also calculated (S/N = 3) for His and Cys of 0.5 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. The proposed method showed a good agreement with the results achieved by a standard method.
- Published
- 2021
136. Filter paper based SERS substrate for the direct detection of analytes in complex matrices
- Author
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Xinyuan Li, Steven E. J. Bell, Qinglu Chen, Wesley R. Browne, Harmke S. Siebe, Yikai Xu, and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analyte ,Materials science ,Silver ,Filter paper ,Polymers ,Analytical technique ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Polymer ,Thiram ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Filtration ,Hydroxyethyl cellulose - Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging analytical technique for chemical analysis, which is favourable due to its combination of short measurement time, high sensitivity and molecular specificity. However, the application of SERS is still limited, largely because in real samples the analyte is often present in a complex matrix that contains micro/macro particles that block the probe laser, as well as molecular contaminants that compete for the enhancing surface. Here, we show a simple and scalable spray-deposition technique to fabricate SERS-active paper substrates which combine sample filtration and enhancement in a single material. Unlike previous spray-deposition methods, in which simple colloidal nanoparticles were sprayed onto solid surfaces, here the colloidal nanoparticles are mixed with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) polymer before application. This leads to significantly improved uniformity in the distribution of enhancing particles as the film dries on the substrate surface. Importantly, the polymer matrix also protects the enhancing particles from air-oxidation during storage but releases them to provide SERS enhancement when the film is rehydrated. These SERS-paper substrates are highly active and a model analyte, crystal violet, was detected down to 4 ng in 10 μL of sample with less than 20% point-by-point signal deviation. The filter paper and HEC effectively filter out both interfering micro/macro particles and molecular (protein) contaminants, allowing the SERS-paper substrates to be used for SERS detection of thiram in mud and melamine in the presence of protein down to nanogram levels without sample pre-treatment or purification.
- Published
- 2021
137. A hinged paper-based microfluidic chip for quantitative detection of lead ions with naked eyes
- Author
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Wenhao Han, Yansheng Li, Guowei Gao, Jingfang Hu, Yu Song, and Xueji Zhang
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
138. Semi-enclosed paper sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of proline
- Author
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Mallesh Santhosh and Tusan Park
- Subjects
Isatin ,Paper ,Chitosan ,Proline ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Arabidopsis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Colorimetry ,Indicators and Reagents ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In the current study, we have utilized semi-enclosed, leak-proof, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD's) modified with isatin conjugated chitosan as specific colorimetric reagent for the detection of proline. Proline is one of the globally accepted stress biomarker in plants and also one of the prominent amino acid present in wine and some processed food. Quantification of proline is regularly required in agriculture field, food and wine industries. Specific interaction of isatin with proline, uniform film forming ability of chitosan which results in uniform coloration and the presence of leak-proof layer which prevent the diffusion of colorimetric reagent deeper resulted in enhancement of color signal intensity at the reaction zone were utilized. Further, the images of the μPAD's were captured using smartphone with 3D printed imaging box which houses smartphone and μPAD's. This platform utilizes smartphone flash for uniform illumination and ensures constant positioning of μPAD's to capture images. This greatly enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of our platform. Compared to previously published highly sensitive multi-layer, paper-based platform for detection of proline, current method has enhanced detection range (∼7 fold) and has comparable limit of detection of 23.75 μM. Moreover, the developed μPAD's platform has reduced optimum reaction temperature and time compared to previous work. The developed paper based platform was utilized for evaluation of proline content in young Arabidopsis plants which are subjected to water stress for 5 days. The devised paper-based methods have the potential to be applicable for the on-site evaluation of various stresses in plants.
- Published
- 2022
139. An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Paper Modified with Graphite Powder for Sensitive Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Drinks
- Author
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Aleksey Tarasov, Ekaterina Khamzina, Mariya Bukharinova, and Natalia Stozhko
- Subjects
Reproducibility of Results ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Carbon ,Analytical Chemistry ,Limit of Detection ,food colorants ,Sunset Yellow ,Tartrazine ,carbon paper ,carbon veil ,electrochemical sensor ,modified electrode ,graphite powder ,voltammetry ,soft and alcoholic drinks ,Graphite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Powders ,Instrumentation ,Azo Compounds ,Electrodes - Abstract
The paper describes the development of an electrochemical sensor to be used for the determination of synthetic food colorants such as Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) and Tartrazine (TZ). The sensor is a carbon paper (CP) electrode, manufactured by using hot lamination technology and volume modified with fine-grained graphite powder (GrP). The sensor (GrP/CP) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, electrochemical impedance analysis, cyclic, linear sweep and differential pulse voltammetry. The mechanism of SY and TZ electrochemical oxidation on GrP/CP was studied. The developed sensor has good electron transfer characteristics and low electron resistance, high sensitivity and selectivity. Applying the differential pulse mode, linear dynamic ranges of 0.005–1.0 μM and 0.02–7.5 μM with limits of detection of 0.78 nM and 8.2 nM for SY and TZ, respectively, were obtained. The sensor was used to detect SY and TZ in non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks. The results obtained from drink analysis prove good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 0.072) and accuracy (recovery 96–104%).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Tetracycline Degradation by Peroxydisulfate Activated by Waste Pulp/Paper Mill Sludge Biochars Derived at Different Pyrolysis Temperature
- Author
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Baowei Zhao and Juanxiang Zhang
- Subjects
waste pulp/paper mill sludge ,biochar ,peroxydisulfate ,tetracycline ,degradation ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The technique of using biochar-based catalysts in persulfate activation is a promising alternative to remov emerging and refractory pollutants (e.g., tetracycline-) in wastewater. However, the situation of biochars derived from waste pulp/paper mill sludge is still unclear. The pulp/paper mill sludge biochars (SBC300, SBC500, and SBC700) were obtained and characterized at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C. Tetracycline degradation using peroxydisulfate activated by SBCs was investigated. The results demonstrated the removal efficiencies of tetracycline in SBC300-, SBC500- and SBC700-peroxydisulfate systems, which increased with the pyrolysis temperatures and were 4.3, 4.8, and 5.0 times that of a system with peroxydisulfate alone. The experiments of free radical quenching, singlet oxygen quenching, and electrochemistry indicated that the degradation of tetracycline in SBC-peroxydisulfate systems was mainly not a free radical pathway, but a non-radical pathway. Singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer could play main roles in the degradation removal of tetracycline. The removal efficiencies of tetracycline in the SBC-peroxydisulfate systems could be up to 96.0% (SBC700-peroxydisulfate) under the optimum dosage of SBC, the molar ratio of peroxydisulfate to tetracycline and the solution pH value. The results indicate that a SBC700-peroxydisulfate system could be an effective “trash-to-treasure” treatment technique for wastewater containing antibiotics.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. MS-based lipidomics of human blood plasma: a community-initiated position paper to develop accepted guidelines1
- Author
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Bo Burla, Makoto Arita, Masanori Arita, Anne K. Bendt, Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot, Edward A. Dennis, Kim Ekroos, Xianlin Han, Kazutaka Ikeda, Gerhard Liebisch, Michelle K. Lin, Tze Ping Loh, Peter J. Meikle, Matej Orešič, Oswald Quehenberger, Andrej Shevchenko, Federico Torta, Michael J.O. Wakelam, Craig E. Wheelock, and Markus R. Wenk
- Subjects
clinical trials ,diagnostic tools ,lipids ,mass spectrometry ,absolute concentrations ,clinical research ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Human blood is a self-regenerating lipid-rich biological fluid that is routinely collected in hospital settings. The inventory of lipid molecules found in blood plasma (plasma lipidome) offers insights into individual metabolism and physiology in health and disease. Disturbances in the plasma lipidome also occur in conditions that are not directly linked to lipid metabolism; therefore, plasma lipidomics based on MS is an emerging tool in an array of clinical diagnostics and disease management. However, challenges exist in the translation of such lipidomic data to clinical applications. These relate to the reproducibility, accuracy, and precision of lipid quantitation, study design, sample handling, and data sharing. This position paper emerged from a workshop that initiated a community-led process to elaborate and define a set of generally accepted guidelines for quantitative MS-based lipidomics of blood plasma or serum, with harmonization of data acquired on different instrumentation platforms across independent laboratories as an ultimate goal. We hope that other fields may benefit from and follow such a precedent.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. The air-gap PAD: a roll-to-roll-compatible fabrication method for paper microfluidics
- Author
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Rachel M. Roller, Angela Rea, and Marya Lieberman
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Abstract
The air-gap design enables large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing of paper microfluidic devices.
- Published
- 2023
143. Fabrication and development of a microfluidic paper-based immunosorbent assay platform (μPISA) for colorimetric detection of hepatitis C
- Author
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FATIH ÖZEFE and Ahu Arslan Yıldız
- Subjects
Electrochemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
A portable and disposable microfluidic paper-based immunosorbent assay platform (μPISA) was utilized for the qualitative and quantitative detection of HCV protein in human blood plasma.
- Published
- 2023
144. Promise and perils of paper-based point-of-care nucleic acid detection for endemic and pandemic pathogens
- Author
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Navaporn Sritong, Marina Sala de Medeiros, Laud Anthony Basing, and Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Review work on the challenges of paper-based NAATs covering sample-to-answer procedures along with the three main types of clinical samples as well as broader operational, scale up, and regulatory aspects of device development and implementation.
- Published
- 2023
145. Pumpless deterministic lateral displacement separation using a paper capillary wick
- Author
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Behrouz Aghajanloo, Fatemeh Ejeian, Francesca Frascella, Simone L. Marasso, Matteo Cocuzza, Alireza Fadaei Tehrani, Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani, and David W. Inglis
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Abstract
We demonstrate a highly efficient DLD separation device and process that is driven by a paper wick yet allows direct collection of products from reservoirs.
- Published
- 2023
146. Paper-based microfluidics in sweat detection: from design to application
- Author
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Zhichao Ye, Yuyang Yuan, Shaowei Zhan, Wei Liu, Lu Fang, and Tianyu Li
- Subjects
Electrochemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidics offers a promising way to in situ sweat detection for non-invasive continuous monitoring. This passage reviews and prospects its development regarding materials, structuring, fabrication, modular design and application.
- Published
- 2023
147. Strategies for the detection of target analytes using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Bo Cao, Daxiang Cui, Chujun Zheng, Qinghui Jin, Kan Wang, Wei Zheng, Qi Qin, and Hao Xu
- Subjects
Analyte ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Nanotechnology ,Small sample ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Rapid detection ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Software portability ,Microfluidic channel ,Electrochemiluminescence ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have developed rapidly in recent years, because of their advantages, such as small sample volume, rapid detection rates, low cost, and portability. Due to these characteristics, they can be used for in vitro diagnostics in the laboratory, or in the field, for a variety of applications, including food evaluation, disease screening, environmental monitoring, and drug testing. This review will present various detection methods employed by μPADs and their respective applications for the detection of target analytes. These include colorimetry, electrochemistry, chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence-based methodologies. At the same time, the choice of labeling material and the design of microfluidic channels are also important for detection results. The construction of novel nanocomponents and different smart structures of paper-based devices have improved the performance of μPADs and we will also highlight some of these in this manuscript. Additionally, some key challenges and future prospects for the use of μPADs are briefly discussed.
- Published
- 2021
148. A new paper-based biosensor for therapeutic drug monitoring
- Author
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Barış Ünal, Jamie Trimper, Darlin Lantigua, and Gulden Camci-Unal
- Subjects
Graft Rejection ,Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Small volume ,business.industry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Biochemistry ,Tacrolimus ,Paper based biosensor ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,Vertical flow ,Medicine ,Drug Monitoring ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Tacrolimus is one of the most effective and prevalent drugs used to combat vascularized composite allotransplantation rejection. We have fabricated a rapid and easy-to-use six-layer paper based microfluidic device using the principles of competitive immunoassays and vertical flow microfluidics for colorimetric detection of tacrolimus in a small volume of blood.
- Published
- 2021
149. Automatic flow delay through passive wax valves for paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Feng Ye, Joshua W. K. Ho, Chang Chen, Haixu Meng, Li Zhengtu, Huaying Chen, and Yonggang Zhu
- Subjects
Paper ,Wax ,Materials science ,Diffusion ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Contact angle ,Flow control (fluid) ,Glucose ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Fluid dynamics ,Life Science ,Composite material ,Porosity ,Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter ,VLAG - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been widely explored for point-of-care testing due to their simplicity, low cost, and portability. μPADs with multiple-step reactions usually require precise flow control, especially flow-delay. This paper reports the numerical, mathematical, and experimental studies of flow delay through wax valves surrounded by PDMS walls on paper microfluidics. The predried surfactant in the sample zone diffuses into the liquid sample which can therefore flow through the wax valves. The delay time is automatically regulated by the diffusion of the surfactant after sample loading. The numerical study suggested that both the elevated contact angle and the reduced porosity and pore size in the wax printed region could effectively prevent water but allow liquids with lower contact angles (e.g., surfactant solutions) to flow through. The PDMS walls fabricated using a low-cost liquid dispenser effectively prevented the leakage of surfactant solutions. By controlling the quantity, diffusion distance, and type of the surfactant predried on the chip, the system successfully achieved a delay time ranging from 1.6 to 20 minutes. A mathematical model involving the above parameters was developed based on Fick's second law to predict the delay time. Finally, the flow-delay systems were applied in sequential mixing and distance-based detection of either glucose or alcohol. Linear ranges of 1-100 mg dL-1 and 1-40 mg dL-1 were achieved for glucose and alcohol, respectively. The lower limit detection (LOD) of glucose and alcohol was 1 mg dL-1. The LOD of glucose was only 1/11 of that detected using μPADs without flow control, indicating the advantage of controlling fluid flow. The systematic findings in this study provide critical guidelines for the development and applications of wax valves in automatic flow delay for point-of-care testing. This journal is
- Published
- 2021
150. A rapid paper-based blood typing method from droplet wicking
- Author
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Michael J. Hertaeg, Gil Garnier, Rico F. Tabor, and Heather McLiesh
- Subjects
Materials science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Stain ,Antibodies ,Blood typing ,Analytical Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Spectroscopy ,Point of care ,Reproducibility ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dilution ,Red blood cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ,0210 nano-technology ,Capillary Action ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Paper-based diagnostics are leading the field of low-cost, point of care analytical techniques. However, large scale testing facilities such as hospitals are still primarily using the gel column agglutination technique. This is because paper-based systems are single use tests that are generally more time consuming and less automatable than traditional methods. Here, we present a novel, rapid and scalable, paper-based blood typing method that can produce test results in under ten seconds. We believe this is the fastest blood typing test that is appropriate for large scale automation. The test consists of placing a drop of antibody solution on paper, followed by a drop of blood on the same locus, and measuring the evolution of blood stain area as a function of time. Positive reactions for both forward and reverse tests have significantly slower growth rates and smaller final stain sizes when compared to negatives. We analyse the effect paper type, red blood cell concentration, antibody specificity (A, B and D) and antibody dilution have on the sensitivity and reproducibility of the technique. A high sensitivity is found in papers with a low density and thickness. The optimum red blood cell concentration is determined from a balance between wicking rate, strength of reaction and optical contrast. A and B antibodies give more sensitive results than D; however, the D antigen can still be successfully identified. This technique has the potential to significantly cut down the time and cost of blood typing tests and enable design of a new high throughput and fully automatable system.
- Published
- 2021
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