972 results
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2. Spectroscopic determination of ecologically relevant plant secondary metabolites
- Author
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Townsend, Philip [University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (United States). Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology]
- Published
- 2016
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3. Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
- Author
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Hendrey, George R., Karnosky, David F., Bockheim, James G., Lindroth, Richard L., Kopper, Brian J., Isebrands, J. G., Sober, Jaak, Parsons, William F. J., and Pregitzer, Kurt S.
- Subjects
FOREST ecology ,POPULUS tremuloides ,STATISTICS ,PAPER birch ,OZONE ,CARBON dioxide ,BOTANY ,AIR pollution ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,FOREST dynamics - Abstract
Atmospheric chemical composition affects foliar chemical composition, which in turn influences the dynamics of both herbivory and decomposition in ecosystems. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of CO
2 and O3 fumigation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin. Leaf samples were collected at five time periods during a single growing season, and analyzed for nitrogen, starch and condensed tannin concentrations, nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NREs), and C:N ratios. Enriched CO2 reduced foliar nitrogen concentrations in aspen and birch; O3 only marginally reduced nitrogen concentrations. NREs were unaffected by pollution treatment in aspen, declined with O3 exposure in birch, and thisdecline was ameliorated by enriched CO2 . C:N ratios of abscised leaves increased in response to enriched CO2 in both tree species. O3 did not significantly alter C:N ratios in aspen, although values tended to be higher in +CO2 +O3 leaves. For birch, O3 decreased C:N ratios underambient CO2 and increased C:N ratios under elevated CO2 . Thus, under the combined pollutants, the C:N ratios of both aspen and birch leaves were elevated above the averaged responses to the individual and independent trace gas treatments. Starch concentrations were largely unresponsive to CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to elevated CO2 in birch. Levels of condensed tannins were negligibly affected by CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to enriched CO2 in birch. Results from this work suggest that changes in foliar chemical composition elicited by enriched CO2 are likely to impact herbivory and decomposition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2001
4. Spectroscopic determination of ecologically relevant plant secondary metabolites.
- Author
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Couture, John J., Singh, Aditya, Rubert‐Nason, Kennedy F., Serbin, Shawn P., Lindroth, Richard L., Townsend, Philip A., and Davey, Matthew
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PLANT metabolites ,BIOCHEMISTRY methodology ,FOLIAR diagnosis ,REFLECTANCE spectroscopy ,TANNINS ,PAPER birch ,PHENOLS ,PLANT defenses - Abstract
Spectroscopy has recently emerged as an effective method to accurately characterize leaf biochemistry in living tissue through the application of chemometric approaches to foliar optical data, but this approach has not been widely used for plant secondary metabolites. Here, we examine the ability of reflectance spectroscopy to quantify specific phenolic compounds in trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides) and paper birch ( Betula papyrifera) that play influential roles in ecosystem functioning related to trophic-level interactions and nutrient cycling., Spectral measurements on live aspen and birch leaves were collected, after which concentrations of condensed tannins (aspen and birch) and salicinoids (aspen only) were determined using standard analytical approaches in the laboratory. Predictive models were then constructed using jackknifed, partial least squares regression ( PLSR). Model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination ( R
2 ), root-mean-square error ( RMSE) and the per cent RMSE of the data range (% RMSE)., Condensed tannins of aspen and birch were well predicted from both combined ( R2 = 0·86, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 7%)- and individual-species models (aspen: R2 = 0·86, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 6%; birch: R2 = 0·81, RMSE = 1·9, % RMSE = 10%). Aspen total salicinoids were better predicted than individual salicinoids (total: R2 = 0·76, RMSE = 2·4, % RMSE = 8%; salicortin: R2 = 0·57, RMSE = 1·9, % RMSE = 11%; tremulacin: R2 = 0·72, RMSE = 1·1, % RMSE = 11%), and spectra collected from dry leaves produced better models for both aspen tannins ( R2 = 0·92, RMSE = 1·7, % RMSE = 5%) and salicinoids ( R2 = 0·84, RMSE = 1·4, % RMSE = 5%) compared with spectra from fresh leaves. The decline in prediction performance from total to individual salicinoids and from dry to fresh measurements was marginal, however, given the increase in detailed salicinoid information acquired and the time saved by avoiding drying and grinding leaf samples., Reflectance spectroscopy can successfully characterize specific secondary metabolites in living plant tissue and provide detailed information on individual compounds within a constituent group. The ability to simultaneously measure multiple plant traits is a powerful attribute of reflectance spectroscopy because of its potential for in situ- in vivo field deployment using portable spectrometers. The suite of traits currently estimable, however, needs to expand to include specific secondary metabolites that play influential roles in ecosystem functioning if we are to advance the integration of chemical, landscape and ecosystem ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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5. Stereoselective Syntheses of all the Possible Stereoisomers of Coronafacic Acid
- Author
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Sho Tozawa, Minoru Ueda, Nobuki Kato, Yusuke Ogura, Shigefumi Kuwahara, Kengo Hayashi, and Raku Watanabe
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chiral auxiliary ,Phytochemistry ,Full Paper ,Double bond ,Stereochemistry ,natural products ,Coronatine ,General Chemistry ,Full Papers ,complex mixtures ,Cycloaddition ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coronafacic acid ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,phytochemistry ,Stereoselectivity ,Enantiomer ,coronatine - Abstract
An efficient and stereoselective syntheses of all the possible stereoisomers of coronafacic acid (CFA) has been developed. The stereochemistries of C3a and C7a were controlled in a diastereoselective Diels‐Alder type cycloaddition using a chiral auxiliary. CFA and 6‐epi‐CFA were synthesized by hydrogenation of a common intermediate. During the synthesis of 6‐epi‐CFA, we established that its cis‐fused configuration is important for the introduction of C4‐C5 double bond by dehydration. This report is the first practical synthesis of both 6‐epi‐CFA, and its enantiomer.
- Published
- 2020
6. Removal of COD from Groundwater in and Around Industrial Areas - Using Activated Carbon Powder Prepared by Groundnut Foliage and Groundnut Husk
- Author
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G. Infant Sujitha, N. K. Geetha, A. Kistan, and V. Kanchana
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Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Ornamental horticulture ,Industrial chemistry ,Soil chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Husk ,Elsevier Biobase ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Groundwater ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The following study explains that the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon used by Groundnut foliage and groundnut husk for the deportation of COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) from groundwater collected from in and around industrial areas of Vellore district was investigated with different activating conditions (Activating agent- KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4; Impregnation ratio-1:1,1:2,1:2; and activation temeperture-500-700°C. The activated carbon prepared based on optimized condition has well-developed pore structure and functional groups which is confirmed from SEM image and FTIR analysis respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 240 min with the isotherm data fitted well in both the model such as Langmuir model and Freundlich’s model indicating chemisorption’s adsorption for the activated carbon. Moreover, the adsorption process was exothermic accompanied by a decrease in irregularity. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic study indicated that the adsorption process of the prepared sample follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model compare to the pseudo-first -order kinetic model
- Published
- 2021
7. Atmospheric change alters foliar quality of host trees and performance of two outbreak insect species.
- Author
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Couture, John, Meehan, Timothy, and Lindroth, Richard
- Subjects
TREES ,POPULUS tremuloides ,PAPER birch ,LYMANTRIA dispar ,FOREST tent caterpillar - Abstract
This study examined the independent and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO) and ozone (O) on the foliar quality of two deciduous trees species and the performance of two outbreak herbivore species. Trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides) and paper birch ( Betula papyrifera) were grown at the Aspen FACE research site in northern Wisconsin, USA, under four combinations of ambient and elevated CO and O. We measured the effects of elevated CO and O on aspen and birch phytochemistry and on gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria) performance. Elevated CO nominally affected foliar quality for both tree species. Elevated O negatively affected aspen foliar quality, but only marginally influenced birch foliar quality. Elevated CO slightly improved herbivore performance, while elevated O decreased herbivore performance, and both responses were stronger on aspen than birch. Interestingly, elevated CO largely offset decreased herbivore performance under elevated O. Nitrogen, lignin, and C:N were identified as having strong influences on herbivore performance when larvae were fed aspen, but no significant relationships were observed for insects fed birch. Our results support the notion that herbivore performance can be affected by atmospheric change through altered foliar quality, but how herbivores will respond will depend on interactions among CO, O, and tree species. An emergent finding from this study is that tree age and longevity of exposure to pollutants may influence the effects of elevated CO and O on plant-herbivore interactions, highlighting the need to continue long-term atmospheric change research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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8. GC-MS Characterization of Unsweetened and Sweetened 'Kunun-zaki' Beverage and Pulp
- Author
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Emmanuel Hala Kwon Ndung, Jonathan Maduka Nwaedozie, Abraham Ubhenin, and Esienanwan Esien Efiong
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Environmental Engineering ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Food science ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,engineering.material - Abstract
Aims: To characterize unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink/pulp using GC-MS. Study Design: The experimental groups were divided into four: unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp and sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp respectively. Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State and Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methodology: The processes involved sorting, cleaning, soaking, decanting, washing, milling, gelatinization, fermentation, and sieving. Unsweetened “kunun-zaki” beverage was made from millet, sorghum, soybean, dried sweet potatoes, germinated rice, ginger, and cloves. The same process was followed for the sweetened variety, with addition of dried dates. After sieving to collect “kunun-zaki” beverage, the remnant was the pulp. Hydrodistillation and Soxhlet apparatus were used to extract the essential oils, and fatty acids respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters of the samples were then analysed using GC-MS. Results: The GC chromatogram identified three constituents in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The dominant constituents were 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid (z,)- (73.36%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (19.31%). Eleven compounds were identified in sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The most abundant was 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 54.062%, followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (17.278%). Twenty-one peaks corresponding to eighteen compounds were detected in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp. The dominant constituents were gingerol (20.262%), 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-teramethyl-,[3R-(3α,3aβ,7 β,8aα)]- (19.925%), 2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- (15.59%), and cedrene (10.977%). For sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp, four compounds were detected. The dominant compounds being 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)- (68.664%), n-hexadecanoic acid (18.654%), and oleic acid (10.199%). Conclusion: The results showed safe fatty acid profile of all samples for different health status. Other components showed bioactivities with significant health benefits. This study identified compounds which validate the medicinal claims of “kunun-zaki.” This is the first documentation of GC-MS profiling of “kunun-zaki” parts.
- Published
- 2020
9. Removal of Chromium Ions from Tannery Wastewater using Cactus Powder
- Author
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Safa Shaheen, Hatim Salim, and Waleed H. Rimawi
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Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,Ornamental horticulture ,Industrial chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Chromium atom ,Elsevier Biobase ,Wastewater ,Drug Discovery ,Cactus ,Environmental Chemistry ,Material chemistry - Published
- 2020
10. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Leaves and Pulp Extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) Collected in Mali
- Author
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Lamine Baba-Moussa, Issiaka Togola, Singou Keita, Mamadou Wele, Nouhoum Diarra, and Cheickna Ciss
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Ziziphus ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Mauritiana - Abstract
Introduction: The objectives of this work consisted of a phytochemical study of the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam collected from the flooded and dried sites of Niono and Sévaré in Mali and to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts, i.e. the antiradical activity and hemolytic activity. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and biological activities were performed at the plant biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory of the FST / USTTB. The tannins and flavonoids were extracted by maceration, dosed by spectrophotometry then analyzed by HPLC and their antiradical activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. The saponosides were extracted by decoction and their hemolytic activity was evaluated on beef blood. Results: Tannins and flavonoids were abundant in the leaves and the pulp but saponosides were absent in the pulp. Calcium ions, carbonate ions and chloride ions were abundant in the leaves and pulp of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam from the dried site of Niono and the flooded site of Sévaré. HPLC chromatograms showed two peaks of gallic acid in the tannins extracts. Catechical tannins and flavonoids of the flooded sites have a greater antiradical activity than those of the dried sites. However, their antiradical activity remains lower than that of ascorbic acid whose IC50 was measured at 30 μg. Leaf saponosides from the flooded site of Niono and the dried site of Sévaré showed hemolytic activity on red blood cells of beef. Conclusion: The leaves and pulps of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam were rich in phenolic compounds and have interesting antiradical activity. The saponosides extracted from the leaves showed hemolytic activity.
- Published
- 2020
11. Moslae Herba: Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.
- Author
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Duan, Zhuo-Ying, Sun, Yan-Ping, Wang, Zhi-Bin, and Kuang, Hai-Xue
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BOTANICAL chemistry ,BOTANY ,PHARMACOLOGY ,HISTORY of medicine ,PHENOLIC acids ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS - Abstract
Moslae Herba (MH) can be used for both medicine and food and has a long history of medicine. MH has the effects of sweating and relieving the exterior, removing dampness and harmonizing, and is mainly used for colds caused by damp heat in summer. It is called "Xiayue Zhi Mahuang" in China. So far, 123 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from MH, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical compounds. Its chemical components have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic sedation, antipyretic, immune regulation, insecticidal, and other effects. In addition, because of its aromatic odor and health care function, MH also has development and utilization value in food, chemical, and other fields. This paper reviewed the research progress of MH in botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology and provided a possible direction for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. The traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.
- Author
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Qiongxiao Wang, Qingmei Sun, Qinger Huang, Luping Qin, and Bo Zhu
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BOTANICAL chemistry ,HUNTINGTON disease ,PHARMACOLOGY ,MEDICAL botany ,SCIENCE databases ,PULMONARY hypertension ,TERIPARATIDE ,PHYTOCHEMICALS - Abstract
Bai Hua Qian Hu (Qianhu; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn) is a classical medicinal plant traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments, including cough, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, phytochemistry, botany, quality control, and traditional uses of P. praeruptorum in order to support future investigations into the scientific and therapeutic promise of this important medicinal plant. Information pertaining to P. praeruptorum was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Springer, SciFinder, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Web of Science), as well as toxicology papers from local conferences, M. Sc. and Ph.D. theses and dissertations, local magazines, classic texts on Chinese botanical drugs, and peer-reviewed journals. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) was utilized to verify the taxonomy of P. praeruptorum. P. praeruptorumwas found to containmore than 119 distinct phytochemicals, including simple coumarins, pyranocoumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, ketones, organic acids, and sterols, among others (e.g., praeruptorins A and B). Both crude plant extracts and purified metabolites of P. praeruptorum have been reported as treatments for hypertension, osteoporosis, Huntington's disease, and cancer. In addition, extracts of P. praeruptorum are reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including osteogenic, anti-osteoclastogenic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Research into the pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. praeruptorum partially support both traditional uses and extraction methods. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationships between these metabolites, their molecular mechanisms, their structure-function roles, and their antagonistic and synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Skeletons in the closet? Using a bibliometric lens to visualise phytochemical and pharmacological activities linked to Sceletium, a mood enhancer.
- Author
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Reddy, Kaylan, Stafford, Gary I., and Makunga, Nokwanda P.
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CLOTHES closets ,AFRICAN traditional medicine ,THIN layer chromatography ,TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry ,TRANQUILIZING drugs - Abstract
Plants from the Sceletium genus (Aizoaceae) have been traditionally used for millennia by the Khoe and Khoen people in southern Africa, as an appetite suppressant as well as a mood elevator. In more recent times, this mood-elevating activity has been commercialised in the South African natural products industry for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with several products available both locally and abroad. Research on this species has seen rapid growth with advancements in analytical and pharmacological tools, in an effort to understand the composition and biological activity. The Web of Science (WoS) database was searched for articles related to 'Sceletium' and 'Mesembrine'. These data were additionally analysed by bibliometric software (VOSviewer) to generate term maps and author associations. The thematic areas with the most citations were South African Traditional Medicine for mental health (110) and anxiolytic agents (75). Pioneer studies in the genus focused on chemical structural isolation, purification, and characterisation and techniques such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC, and more recently, LC-MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study mesembrine alkaloids. Different laboratories have used a diverse range of extraction and preanalytical methods that became routinely favoured in the analysis of the main metabolites (mesembrine, mesembranol, mesembranone, and Sceletium A4) in their respective experimental settings. In contrast with previous reviews, this paper identified gaps in the research field, being a lack of toxicology assays, a deficit of clinical assessments, too few bioavailability studies, and little to no investigation into the minor alkaloid groups found in Sceletium. Future studies are likely to see innovations in analytical techniques like leaf spray mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time ionisation coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-HR-TOF-MS) for rapid alkaloid identification and quality control purposes. While S. tortuosum has been the primary focus, studying other Sceletium species may aid in establishing chemotaxonomic relationships and addressing challenges with species misidentification. This research can benefit the nutraceutical industry and conservation efforts for the entire genus. At present, little to no pharmacological information is available in terms of the molecular physiological effects of mesembrine alkaloids in medical clinical settings. Research in these fields is expected to increase due to the growing interest in S. tortuosum as a herbal supplement and the potential development of mesembrine alkaloids into pharmaceutical drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Research Progress on the Homologous Effects of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet on Medicine and Food: A Review.
- Author
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Yang, Jian, Lei, Yi, Yan, Junlin, Zhong, Yewei, Abudurexiti, Adalaiti, Tan, Huiwen, Ye, Yinsong, Zhang, Rui, Tong, Fenglian, and Ma, Xiaoli
- Subjects
CICHORIUM ,CHEMICAL composition of plants ,BLOOD lipids ,GUT microbiome ,HERBAL medicine ,FLAVONOID glycosides - Abstract
Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet is a genus of chicory in the family of Asteraceae, and it is a "medicine food homology" herbal medicine, which has the effect of detoxifying heat, diuretic and swelling, and strengthening the stomach. This paper reviews the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and practical applications of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet and provides a comprehensive account of its role in human health and diet, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet, "medicine food homology" herbal medicine, is often widely used in compound formulations with functions such as clearing the liver, promoting gallbladder, and enhancing immunity. Previous studies have found that multiple chemical components have been isolated and identified from Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet, mainly including 89 compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and phenylpropanoids. Meanwhile, the extract has various biological activities, including hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic, regulating blood lipids, aiding digestion, anticancer, regulating intestinal microbiota and immune function, antioxidant, and has been proven in both in vivo and in vitro studies. As an important plant resource, the current research focuses on the traditional efficacy of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. The chemical composition of this genus of plants is complex and their pharmacological activities are diverse. Further in-depth studies on the molecular mechanisms and toxic side effects of its specific compounds in the organism are needed. Therefore, this review provides a reference for the development and utilization of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Forsythiae Fructus: A Review on its Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
- Author
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Zhanglu Dong, Xianyuan Lu, Xueli Tong, Yaqian Dong, Lan Tang, and Menghua Liu
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Forsythiae Fructus ,phytochemistry ,quality control ,pharmacology ,pharmacokineticsType of the Paper ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types—unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus—in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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16. Characterisation of Biochar Obtained from Organic Material and its Application for Removal of Ciprofloxacin
- Author
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Sija Arun and Payal Maharathi
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Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Ornamental horticulture ,Soil chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,Ciprofloxacin ,Elsevier Biobase ,Petrochemical ,Drug Discovery ,Biochar ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic compound that is used for various health issues like headaches, nervousness, nausea, vomiting etc. Ciprofloxacin is the second generation of quinolones in the different categories of antibiotics. After using this antibiotic, some percentages of the compound are not metabolized in the body and is excreted along with the urine and excreta. This will reach the treatment plant and the conventional treatment method is not designed to treat these micropollutants, so it is released into the environment. The presence of ciprofloxacin is detected in surface water samples collected from different areas of the world. This study is conducted to find an effective adsorbent that can remove the ciprofloxacin from wastewater. Biochar produced from agricultural waste is highly rich in carbon and made from the process called pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of biomass is carried out under lower temperatures and low oxygen content. Biochar is used to remove antibiotic compounds, naphthalene, and heavy metals. Biochar is economical and does not have any adverse effects on the environment. Biochar can be prepared from different types of organic biodegradable waste. Since, the quantity of municipal solid waste reaching the landfill site is increasing day by day, converting the organic waste into biochar can reduce the amount of waste reaching the landfill site. In this study, biochar prepared from rice husk at 300°C is the best adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. The adsorption of ciprofloxacin is studied for various conditions. The samples were analyzed in the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and it shows good removal efficiency.
- Published
- 2019
17. Preparation and Activation of Sarulla Natural Zeolites as an Adsorbent in Purification Process of Crude Palm Oil
- Author
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Hafni Indriati Nasution, Moondra Zubir, Jasmidi Jasmidi, Maharani Maharani, Ahmad Gazali Sofwan, and Junifa Layla Sihombing
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Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Petrochemical ,Adsorption ,FLUIDEX ,Scientific method ,Drug Discovery ,Palm oil ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The effect of Sarulla zeolite in CPO purification was analyzed in zeolite weight and contact time variation on the influence of Free Fatty Acid, Saponification Value, Carotene, Vitamin-E, and Squalene content. This purification process induce increasing of saponification value from 272.41 mg KOH/g to 316.42 mg KOH/g at 20 g of zeolite and contact time for 30 minutes. On the other hand, this purification process reduced of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content from 2.86% to 1.6% and vitamin E content from 907.79 ppm to 376.54 ppm after were adsorbed for 90 minutes with 30 grams of zeolite used. Fatty acid composition analysis on CPO not significant changes in which is palmitic acid increased or decreased by about 1% under various conditions of zeolite use and contact time on the adsorption process. Sarulla natural zeolite can be used for CPO purification without affect theirs main content.
- Published
- 2019
18. Synthesis of Bioplastic-based Renewable Cellulose Acetate from Teak Wood (Tectona grandis) Biowaste Using Glycerol-Chitosan Plasticizer
- Author
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Rhismayanti, Fatin Atikah Nata Sya’idah, Baiti Rohmawati, Willy Tirza Eden, and Dante Alighiri
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Phytochemistry ,biology ,Plasticizer ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Bioplastic ,Cellulose acetate ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tectona ,Drug Discovery ,Glycerol ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cellulose which was isolated from teak wood (Tectona grandis) biowaste. The isolation process used an isolation method using nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and bleaching with calcium hypochlorite. Cellulose acetate was synthesized with acetic anhydride, toluene as a solvent, and sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Cellulose acetate reacted with acetic acid as a catalyst and glycerol-chitosan as a plasticizer. This product yielded a bioplastic. The synthesized products were characterized by using FTIR and SEM. The bioplastic’s mechanical properties were evaluated by ASTM D638 method. Based on the results of FTIR analysis, this result was successfully performed. This condition was shown by the sharpness of the hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate than the hydroxyl group in the cellulose and wood powder. The optimum result of bioplastic was obtained by composition of cellulose acetate: acetic acid: chitosan: glycerol is 0.8 gram: 15 mL: 0,4 gram: 1 mL.
- Published
- 2018
19. Nigella Sativa L. Seeds Biomass as A Potential Sorbent of Lead from Aqueous Solutions and Wastewaters
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Abdelhamid Addala, Noureddine Belattar, and Maria Elektorowicz
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Sorbent ,Aqueous solution ,Phytochemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Nigella sativa ,Soil chemistry ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,GEOBASE ,Drug Discovery ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Published
- 2018
20. Reduction of Peroxide Number in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Using Rubber Fruit Shell (Heveabra silliensis) as Bio-sorbent
- Author
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Siti Nurfadilla Siregar, Setiaty Pandia, Zuhrina Masyithah, Amir Husin, Fitriani Indah Lestari, and Mersi Suriani Sinaga
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Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,Sorbent ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Peroxide ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Petrochemical ,chemistry ,Natural rubber ,visual_art ,Drug Discovery ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Palm oil ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2018
21. The Effects of Pretreatment Methods of Carbon-Containing Wastes in Thermal Catalytic Recycling
- Author
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Ruslan Safarov, Maria Faizullaeva, N.K. Zhakirova, Y.A. Aubakirov, Zhanat Shomanova, Larissa Sassykova, Zheneta Tashmukhambetova, and Kairat Burkhanbekov
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Phytochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,Pretreatment method ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Petrochemical ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Thermal ,Environmental Chemistry ,Carbon - Published
- 2017
22. Evaluation of the Phytochemistry–Therapeutic Activity Relationship for Grape Seeds Oil.
- Author
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Gitea, Manuel Alexandru, Bungau, Simona Gabriela, Gitea, Daniela, Pasca, Bianca Manuela, Purza, Anamaria Lavinia, and Radu, Andrei-Flavius
- Subjects
GRAPE seed oil ,GRAPE seeds ,GRAPE seed extract ,OILSEEDS ,GRAPES ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,AGRICULTURAL wastes - Abstract
Seeds' abundant biologically active compounds make them a suitable primary platform for the production of natural extracts, innovative foods, medicines, and cosmetics. High levels of industrial and agricultural residues and byproducts are generated during the processing of grapes, although some parts can also be repurposed. This paper examines the phytochemical composition, manufacturing processes, and health-improving attributes of many varieties of grape oil derived using various extraction methods. Since the results are influenced by a range of factors, they are expressed differently among studies, and the researchers employ a variety of measuring units, making it difficult to convey the results. The primary topics covered in most papers are grape seed oil's lipophilic fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. In addition, new methods for extracting grape seed oil should therefore be designed; these methods must be affordable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly in order to increase the oil's quality by extracting bioactive components and thereby increasing its biological activity in order to become part of the overall management of multiple diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. China Medicinal Plants of the Ampelopsis grossedentata —A Review of Their Botanical Characteristics, Use, Phytochemistry, Active Pharmacological Components, and Toxicology.
- Author
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Wu, Rong-Rong, Li, Xiang, Cao, Yu-Hang, Peng, Xiong, Liu, Gao-Feng, Liu, Zi-Kui, Yang, Zi, Liu, Zhao-Ying, and Wu, Yong
- Subjects
MEDICINAL plants ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,LIPID metabolism ,TOXICOLOGY ,WATERSHEDS ,FLAVONES - Abstract
Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is mainly distributed in Chinese provinces and areas south of the Yangtze River Basin. It is mostly concentrated or scattered in mountainous bushes or woods with high humidity. Approximately 57 chemical components of AG have been identified, including flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids, volatile components, and other chemical components. In vitro studies have shown that the flavone of AG has therapeutic properties such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, being hepatoprotective, and being anti-tumor with no toxicity. Through searching and combing the related literature, this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the research progress of AG, including morphology, traditional and modern uses, chemical composition and structure, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, with a view to providing references for AG-related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Fruit vinegar as a promising source of natural anti-inflammatory agents: an up-to-date review
- Author
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Ousaaid, Driss, Bakour, Meryem, Laaroussi, Hassan, El Ghouizi, Asmae, Lyoussi, Badiaa, and El Arabi, Ilham
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Physico-chemical Quality and Efficiency Study of Textile and Garments Effluent
- Author
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BC Sarker, Ahmed Hossain, Md. Abdul Baten, Md. Zahedul Hasan, Shikha Sarker, and Md. Ekram Ul Haque
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Food chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Total dissolved solids ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,Petrochemical ,Odor ,Chemical engineering ,GEOBASE ,Drug Discovery ,Environmental Chemistry ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The objective of this study was to ascertain textile and garments effluents’ quality parameters and suitability for irrigation and aquaculture. Concentration of different parameters i.e. pH, temperature, color, odor, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentration of ionic constituents viz. Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and PO4
- Published
- 2016
26. Novel Natural Products for Healthy Ageing from the Mediterranean Diet and Food Plants of Other Global Sources—The MediHealth Project
- Author
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Noureddine Allouche, Nikos Xynos, Nicolas Adamopoulos, Christian Wolfrum, Victor Kesternich, Hermann Stuppner, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Luc Pieters, Hung Tran, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Birgit Waltenberger, Bernd L. Fiebich, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Maria Halabalaki, Nina Hermans, Pidder Jansen-Dürr, Stefan Schwaiger, Stefan Schönbichler, and Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Subjects
Mediterranean diet ,Nutritional Sciences ,natural products ,International Cooperation ,Phytochemicals ,MediHealth ,healthy ageing ,food plants ,metabolites ,bioavailability ,pharmacology ,phytochemistry ,synthetic chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Diet, Mediterranean ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Healthy Aging ,Mice ,Drug Discovery ,Elderly people ,2. Zero hunger ,International research ,ddc:615 ,Pharmacology. Therapy ,Concept Paper ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,Plants, Edible ,Biological Availability ,Biology ,Nutraceutical ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biological Products ,Plants, Medicinal ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biotechnology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Interdisciplinary Communication ,Healthy ageing ,business - Abstract
There is a rapid increase in the percentage of elderly people in Europe. Consequently, the prevalence of age-related diseases will also significantly increase. Therefore, the main goal of MediHealth, an international research project, is to introduce a novel approach for the discovery of active agents of food plants from the Mediterranean diet and other global sources that promote healthy ageing. To achieve this goal, a series of plants from the Mediterranean diet and food plants from other origins are carefully selected and subjected to in silico, cell-based, in vivo (fly and mouse models), and metabolism analyses. Advanced analytical techniques complement the bio-evaluation process for the efficient isolation and identification of the bioactive plant constituents. Furthermore, pharmacological profiling of bioactive natural products, as well as the identification and synthesis of their metabolites, is carried out. Finally, optimization studies are performed in order to proceed to the development of innovative nutraceuticals, dietary supplements or herbal medicinal products. The project is based on an exchange of researchers between nine universities and four companies from European and non-European countries, exploiting the existing complementary multidisciplinary expertise. Herein, the unique and novel approach of this interdisciplinary project is presented. ISSN:1420-3049
- Published
- 2018
27. Forsythiae Fructus: A Review on its Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
- Author
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Lan Tang, Zhanglu Dong, Xian-Yuan Lu, Xueli Tong, Menghua Liu, and Yaqian Dong
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Phytochemistry ,Phytochemicals ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Review ,Traditional Chinese medicine ,Pharmacology ,Antiviral Agents ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pharmacokinetics ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,quality control ,Forsythia ,Traditional medicine ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Forsythiae Fructus ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,0104 chemical sciences ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,phytochemistry ,pharmacokineticsType of the Paper ,pharmacology ,business ,pharmacokinetics ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types—unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus—in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
- Published
- 2017
28. Agastache Species: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical Composition and Therapeutic Properties.
- Author
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Nechita, Mihaela-Ancuța, Toiu, Anca, Benedec, Daniela, Hanganu, Daniela, Ielciu, Irina, Oniga, Ovidiu, Nechita, Vlad-Ionuț, and Oniga, Ilioara
- Subjects
SPECIES ,PHENOLIC acids ,ESSENTIAL oils ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS ,FENNEL - Abstract
The Agastache genus is part of the Lamiaceae family and is native to North America, while one species, Agastache rugosa (A. rugosa), is native to East Asia. A review on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Agastache genus was last performed in 2014. Since then, a lot of progress has been made on the characterization of the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of Agastache species. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the findings on the phytochemistry and biological effects of several Agastache species, including both extracts and essential oil characterization. We performed a comprehensive search using PubMed and Scopus databases, following PRISMA criteria regarding the study selection process. The available data is focused mainly on the description of the chemical composition and bioactivity of A. rugosa, with fewer reports referring to Agastache mexicana (A. mexicana) and Agastache foeniculum (A. foeniculum). Agastache species are characterized by the dominance of flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as volatile compounds, particularly phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes. Moreover, a series of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, and cardioprotective properties, have been reported for species from the Agastache genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. GC–MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. (Acanthaceae)
- Author
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Sathish S Sahaya, N Janakiraman, and M Johnson
- Subjects
Ethanol ,Phytochemistry ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,biology ,Sodium ,Acanthaceae ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Alcohol ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Botany ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry - Abstract
Objective To characterize the chemical constituents of Peristrophe bicalyculata (P. bicalyculata) Received 9 January 2012 (Retz.) Nees. using GC-MS. Methods Ten grams of powdered sample was extracted with Received in revised form 7 February 2012 30 mL ethanol overnight and filtered through ash less filter paper with sodium sulphate (2 g) and the extract was concentrated to 1 mL by bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The Clarus 500 GC used in the analysis employed a column packed with Elite–1 (100% dimethyl poly siloxane, 30 nm × 0.25 nm ID. × 1 μm df) and the components were separated using Helium (1 mL/min) as the carrier gas. The 2 μL sample extract injected into the instrument was detected by the Turbo gold mass detector (Perkin Elmer) with the aid of the Turbo mass 5.1 software. Results The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of seven different phytochemical Phytochemistrycompounds namely propane,1,1-diethoxy (68.89%), (6Z)-nonen-1-ol (24.00%), 4-methyl-2,4Chemical profilebis(4'-trimethylsilyloxyphenyl)pentene-1 (3.56%), cyclooctyl alcohol (1.78%), oxirane, butyl-(0.89%), Medicinal plants (2H)pyrrole-2-carbonitrile,5-amino-3,4-dihydro-(0.44%) and ethaneperoxoic acid,1-cyano 1-[2-(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl] pentyl ester (0.44%). Conclusions The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of P. bicalyculata for various ailments by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.
- Published
- 2012
30. Phytochemical residue profiles in rice grains fumigated with essential oils for the control of rice weevil
- Author
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S. Manivannan, S. Ezhil Vendan, Anila M. Sunny, and R. Murugesan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Phytochemistry ,Insecticides ,Cinnamomum zeylanicum ,Phytochemicals ,lcsh:Medicine ,Plant Science ,Toxicology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectrum Analysis Techniques ,Filter Paper ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Food science ,lcsh:Science ,Pinene ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Biochemistry ,Sitophilus ,Chromatographic Techniques ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Mentha piperita ,Plants ,Lipids ,Eugenol ,Laboratory Equipment ,Chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Fumigation ,Physical Sciences ,Seeds ,Insect Pests ,Engineering and Technology ,Research Article ,Phosphine ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Pests ,Rice weevil ,Plant and Algal Models ,Oils, Volatile ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Grasses ,Toxicity ,Caryophyllene ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Pesticide Residues ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Oryza ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Eucalyptol ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Clove Oil ,Weevils ,lcsh:Q ,Rice ,Menthyl acetate ,Oils ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the fumigant potential of five edible essential oils (EOs) against Sitophilus oryzae and their phytochemical residues in treated grains. Among the tested EOs, peppermint oil proved significantly effective (P ≤ 0.05) on S.oryzae at 400 μl/L air concentration, inducing 83 and 100% mortalities in with-food and without-food conditions respectively over 72 h exposure. In addition, it was also observed that the binary mixtures of peppermint + lemon oil (1:1 ratio) produced an equivalent effect to that of peppermint oil alone treatments. The phytochemical residue analysis by GC-MS revealed the presence of six compounds upon 72 h exposure to EOs. Further, the analysis of physico-chemical properties of the compounds indicated a positive correlation between polar surface area (PSA) and its residual nature. The residue levels of eugenol were significantly elevated corresponding to its high PSA value (29) in clove and cinnamon oils. On the other hand, the compounds with zero PSA value imparted very less or no (D-Limonene, caryophyllene, pinene and terpinolene) residues in treated grains. With respect to the most active peppermint oil, L-menthone, menthyl acetate and eucalyptol residues were at 67, 41 and 23% levels respectively. The outcome of the present study indicate the peppermint oil as a potent fumigant against S. oryzae, and although the residues of phytochemicals in treated grains is higher; they belong to the generally recognised as safe (GRAS) status leaving no harmful effect.
- Published
- 2017
31. Chemotaxonomic Characteristics of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) Danser of Loranthaceae Collected from University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
- Author
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WAHUA, C. and ODINMA, P.
- Abstract
Tapinanthus bangwensis commonly known as mistletoe, is a hemi parasitic shrub of Loranthaceae, and the native range is West Tropical Africa to Chad; used in tradomedicine to remedy various ailments in Nigeria. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the chemotaxonomic characteristics of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) Danser of Loranthaceae collected from University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results of anatomy revealed 4 to 5 rows of collenchyma at hypodermis, parenchyma domiciled in the ground tissues, vascular sclerenchyma present especially in vascular system. In the phytochemistry, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids were present while terpenoids absent. These information would assist for further delimitation of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Tradescantia spathacea.
- Author
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Siow-Ping Tan, Xin-Yi Keng, Chi-Wah Lim, Bryan, and Hui-Yin Tan
- Subjects
- *
BOTANICAL chemistry , *DATA replication , *GENETIC toxicology , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *IN vivo studies , *COUGH , *IN vitro studies , *ANTHELMINTICS , *BIOACTIVE compounds - Abstract
Tradescantia spathacea has been traditionally employes for treating various conditions, including coughs, fevers, wounds, inflammation, and oxidative-related diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, alongside an examination of phytochemical and pharmacological studies aimed at validating ethnopharmacological practices. A systematic search across electronic databases using relevant keywords yielded 845 articles, of which 70 articles were reviewed. T. spathacea exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, as evidenced by in vivo studies demonstrating hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. In vitro studies further support its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-helminthic, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities. While these modern pharmacological properties substantiate traditional uses, further research is essential to validate them and develop safe and effective therapeutic formulations. Further investigations should focus on bioassay-guided isolation of bioactive compounds, extensive pharmacological, clinical, and toxicological studies, incorporating adequate data replication, proper standardization and control groups, and the selection of reasonable doses or concentrations of extracts and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Benzoin Resin: An Overview on Its Production Process, Phytochemistry, Traditional Use and Quality Control.
- Author
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He, Qingqin, Sun, Yuanyuan, Chen, Xiqin, Feng, Jian, and Liu, Yangyang
- Subjects
BENZOIN ,QUALITY control ,MANUFACTURING processes ,TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,ATTENUATED total reflectance ,PROTON transfer reactions ,NEAR infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Benzoin is a pathologic exudation produced by plants of the family Styrax. It is secreted by traumatic resin ducts after injury, which are derived from parenchymal cells in secondary xylem by schizolysigeny. Some 63 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this resin, including balsamic acid esters, lignans and terpenoids. It has a long history of applications, including as incense along with olibanum, a flavor enhancer in the food industry, materials in the daily chemistry industry as well as therapeutic uses. Up to now, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of benzoin. Other technologies, including near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR), proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), have also been used to distinguish different resins. Herein, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the production process, phytochemistry, traditional uses and quality control of benzoin and looks to the future for promoting its further research and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
34. Immunomodulatory Properties of Natural Extracts and Compounds Derived from Bidens pilosa L.: Literature Review.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Mesa, Xandy Melissa, Contreras Bolaños, Leonardo Andres, Mejía, Antonio, Pombo, Luis Miguel, Modesti Costa, Geison, and Santander González, Sandra Paola
- Subjects
THERAPEUTICS ,IMMUNOMODULATORS ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,PHAGOCYTOSIS ,FRUIT extracts - Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. has been used in different parts of the world mainly to treat diseases associated with immune response disorders, such as autoimmunity, cancer, allergies, and infectious diseases. The medicinal properties of this plant are attributed to its chemical components. Nevertheless, there is little conclusive evidence that describes the immunomodulatory activity of this plant. In this review, a systematic search was carried out in the PubMed-NLM, EBSCO Host and BVS databases focused on the pre-clinical scientific evidence of the immunomodulatory properties of B. pilosa. A total of 314 articles were found and only 23 were selected. The results show that the compounds or extracts of Bidens modulate the immune cells. This activity was associated with the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids that control proliferation, oxidative stress, phagocytosis, and the production of cytokines of different cells. Most of the scientific information analyzed in this paper supports the potential use of B. pilosa mainly as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumoral, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial immune response modulator. It is necessary that this biological activity be corroborated through the design of specialized clinical trials that demonstrate the effectiveness in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. Until now there has only been one clinical trial in phase I and II associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of Bidens in mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Senkyunolide I: A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Likeness.
- Author
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Huang, Yan, Wu, Yan, Yin, Hongxiang, Du, Leilei, and Chen, Chu
- Subjects
BOTANICAL chemistry ,PHARMACOKINETICS ,BLOOD-brain barrier ,CHEMICAL amplification ,PHARMACOLOGY ,REPERFUSION injury ,UMBELLIFERAE - Abstract
Senkyunolide I (SI) is a natural phthalide that has drawn increasing interest for its potential as a cardio-cerebral vascular drug candidate. In this paper, the botanical sources, phytochemical characteristics, chemical and biological transformations, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, and drug-likeness of SI are reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey, in order to provide support for its further research and applications. In general, SI is mainly distributed in Umbelliferae plants, and it is relatively stable to heat, acid, and oxygen, with good blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Substantial studies have established reliable methods for the isolation, purification, and content determination of SI. Its pharmacological effects include analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumor effects, alleviating ischemia–reperfusion injury, etc. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicate that its metabolic pathway is mainly phase Ⅱ metabolism, and it is rapidly absorbed in vivo and widely distributed in the kidneys, liver, and lungs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Comprehensive Scientific Claims on Ethnobotany, Phytochemical Pharmacological and Toxicology of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.
- Author
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Hussain, Md. Sarfaraj, Alqahtani, S. S., Ahmad, Sarfaraz, and Iqbal, Mohammad Rashid
- Subjects
WITHANIA somnifera ,ETHNOBOTANY ,MEDICINAL plants ,HUMAN sexuality ,PLANT metabolites - Abstract
For more than 3,000 years, Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, has been utilised in traditional and Ayurvedic medicine. It belongs to the ginger family. Dry powder, crude extract, and refined metabolites of the plant have all demonstrated potential therapeutic advantages in animal trials because it is a medicinal plant. Withanolides are the primary metabolites of the plant, and they are responsible for the therapeutic effects of the herb. Despite the fact that other review papers on this plant have previously been published, this review article is being provided in order to gather all of based on the most recent data on its pharmacological and phytochemical effects, which have been investigated using a variety of approaches. According to research, Ashwagandha has anti-inflammatory, adaptogen, anti-parkinsonian, anti-oxidant, and memoryboosting properties, and anticancer effects in addition to other benefits. Other effects, such as immunomodulation, hypolipidemia, antimicrobial activity, Investigations have also been done on cardiovascular defence, sexual behaviour, tolerance, and reliance. These outcomes are extremely encouraging, and they recommend more research into this herb to confirm these results and find further potential medicinal characteristics. Clinical studies including the use of ashwagandha for a number of illnesses should be carried out as well. The new evidence on its pharmacological and phytochemical activities is described in the current publication. In order to give thorough information on the ethnobotany, traditional applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal plant, W. somnifera, from reliable sources, the present review has primary objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Characterisation of phenolics by LC–UV/Vis, LC–MS/MS and sugars by GC in Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. ‘Montgomery’ fruits
- Author
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Betty A. Lewis, Ralph L. Obendorf, Dan L. Brown, Eloy Rodriguez, and Laura M. Bystrom
- Subjects
Phytochemistry ,Sucrose ,Chromatography ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Fructose ,General Medicine ,Sapindaceae ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,engineering ,Phenols ,Sugar ,Food Science - Abstract
Fruits of the native South American tree Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. (Sapindaceae) are consumed for both dietary and medicinal purposes, but limited information is available about the phytochemistry and health value of M. bijugatus fruits. Fruit tissues of the Florida Montgomery cultivar were assessed for sugars, using gas chromatography, and for total phenolics, using UV spectroscopy. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of crude methanolic pulp, embryo and seed coat extracts were obtained at 280 nm. Phenolics were characterised by both HPLC UV/vis analysis and HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Major sugars detected in the pulp and embryo extracts were sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose. The glucose:fructose ratio was 1:1 in the pulp and 0.1:1 in the embryo. Total phenolic concentrations of the fruit tissues were in the order: seed coat > embryo > pulp. Phenolic acids were identified mostly in pulp tissues. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins and catechins were identified in embryo tissues, and higher molecular weight procyanidins were identified in seed coat tissues. This study provides new information about the phytochemistry and the potential health value of the Montgomery cultivar M. bijugatus fruit tissues.
- Published
- 2008
38. Psoralea corylifolia L.: a comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, quality control and pharmacokinetics.
- Author
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Chen, Lele, Chen, Shuguang, Sun, Peng, Liu, Xinyue, Zhan, Zhaoshuang, and Wang, Jiafeng
- Subjects
PHYTOTHERAPY ,MEDICINAL plants ,DIPHOSPHONATES ,ANTI-inflammatory agents ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,IMMUNOMODULATORS ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,NEUROPROTECTIVE agents ,QUALITY control ,MOLECULAR structure ,DRUG toxicity ,ANTIBIOTICS ,CARDIOTONIC agents - Abstract
Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL), referred to as "Bu-gu-zhi" in Chinese, has great medicinal values since ancient times. PCL is the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency, enuresis and urinary frequency, chills and pain of the waist and knees, dawn diarrhea and vitiligo. In this paper, a systematic of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, quality control and pharmacokinetics of PCL was presented, along with future research directions. According to the results, PCL contains approximately 163 chemical components, including coumarins, flavonoids, monoterpene phenols, benzofurans, glycosides, lipids, fatty acids, and volatile oils. PCL and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antiosteoporosis, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. Further study of quality control standards and potential mechanisms of PCL is also needed. In addition, more toxicological studies will also contribute to the progress of clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. CALOTROPIS PROCERA (AIT) R. BR, A VALUABLE MEDICINE PLANT: A REVIEW.
- Author
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Lakhdar, Mebarki
- Subjects
CALOTROPIS procera ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CARDENOLIDES ,ANTI-infective agents ,DRUGS - Abstract
Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. belongs to the family Asclipiadaceae. It is widely used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of various common ailments such as fever, rheumatism, colds, eczema, diarrhea, elephantiasis, asthma, cough, leprosy, intestinal worms, ulcers and other diseases. C. procera contains a wide range of phytochemical compounds such as cardenolides, steroids, glycosides, sugars, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. This paper reviews information pertaining its traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities such as analgesic activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, anthelmintic activity, antidiabetic activity, hepatoprotective activity, antiinflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, antimalarial activity and other activities. It is hoped that the information provided here will encourage additional research that could eventually result in the creation of medicinal medicines from this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
40. An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.
- Author
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Ștefănescu, Ruxandra, Laczkó-Zöld, Eszter, Ősz, Bianca-Eugenia, and Vari, Camil-Eugen
- Subjects
BILBERRY ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,SCIENCE databases ,PHARMACOLOGY ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,ANTI-infective agents - Abstract
Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Due to the high therapeutic potential of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) leaves, this review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile, as well as the therapeutic effects of this herbal drug. The review was conducted according to the Prisma guidelines, and the scientific databases were searched using combinations of the following keywords: "Vaccinium myrtillus", "leaves", "bilberry". Recent research was focused on the influence of abiotic factors on the phytochemical composition, and it seems that there are significant differences between the herbal drugs collected from different countries. The phytochemical composition is correlated with the broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The paper outlines the potent antimicrobial activity of VM extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and also the pathways that are modulated by the unique "cocktail" of phytoconstituents in different metabolic alterations. Reviewing the research articles published in the last 10 years, it seems that bilberry leaves have been slightly forgotten, although their phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics are unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Onosma (Boraginaceae): An Updated Review.
- Author
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Jabbar, Ahmed Aj., Abdullah, Fuad O., Hassan, Abdullah Othman, Galali, Yaseen, Hassan, Rawaz Rizgar, Rashid, Essa Q., Salih, Musher Ismael, and Aziz, Kareem Fattah
- Subjects
BORAGINACEAE ,DRUG discovery ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,CARBOXYLIC acids ,WOUND healing ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,FLAVONOIDS - Abstract
The genus Onosma belongs to the Boraginaceae family and contains over 230 species. The present review sheds light on the ethnopharmacology, phytoconstituents, bioactivity, and toxicology of the Onosma species from previous investigations. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the unresolved issues for the future investigations. The review included previous studies of the genus Onosma available from Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science. Until now, more than 200 chemical compounds have been detected from the genus Onosma, including naphthoquinone (33), flavonoids (30), hydrocarbon (23), phenolic (22), ester (17), alkaloids (20), aromatics (12), carboxylic acid (11), fatty acids (9), terpenoids (10), while the most important ones are rosmarinic, ferulic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric acids, and apigenin. The Onosma species are reported as traditional medicine for wound healing, heart disease, and kidney disorders, while the pharmacological investigations revealed that the extracts and the phytochemicals of Onosma species have different therapeutic properties including antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions. The summarized knowledge in this review provides valuable ideas for the current and future drug discovery and a motivation for further investigation on the genus Onosma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Tamarindus indica L. – A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology
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Emmy De Caluwé, Patrick Van Damme, and Kateřina Halamová
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Agriculture and Food Sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Phytochemistry ,Seasoning ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Pectin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flavour ,anti-nutritional factors ,Tamarind ,engineering.material ,traditional use ,fatty acids ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,lcsh:Agriculture ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Ingredient ,food ,medicine ,Tamarindus indica L ,Food science ,amino acids ,Pulp (paper) ,Carotene ,lcsh:S ,food and beverages ,Fabaceae ,minerals ,vitamins ,lcsh:H ,Horticulture ,engineering ,phytochemistry ,pharmacology - Abstract
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, Fabaceae), a tropical fruit found in Africa and Asia is highly valued for its pulp. Tamarind fruit pulp has a sweet acidic taste due to a combination of high contents of tartaric acid and reducing sugars. The pulp is used for seasoning, in prepared foods, to flavour confections, curries and sauces, and as a major ingredient in juices and other beverages. Commercial tamarind-based drinks are available from many countries. Vitamin B content is quite high; carotene and vitamin C contents are low. Presence of tannins and other dyeing matters in the seed testa make the whole seed unsuitable for consumption, but they become edible after soaking and boiling in water. Tamarind kernel powder is an important sizing material in textile, paper and jute industries. Seeds are gaining importance as an alternative source of proteins, and are besides rich in some essential minerals. Seed pectin can form gels over a wide pH range. Leaves and flowers can be eaten as vegetables, and are prepared in a variety of dishes. They are used to make curries, salads, stews and soups. Tamarind leaves are a fair source of vitamin C and α-carotene; mineral content is high, particularly P, K, Ca and Mg. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity has been documented from several plant parts. Tamarind is also extensively used in tradi- tional medicine. The traditional uses, its phytochemistry and pharmacognosy is reviewed to provided with a particular orientation to its value in sub-Sahara Africa. Key words: Tamarind, Tamarindus indica L., traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, anti-nutritional factors
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- 2010
43. Systematic review of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos: A significant food and traditional Chinese medicine.
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Senwang Zheng, Songtao Liu, Ajiao Hou, Song Wang, Yexin Na, Jianhua Hu, Hai Jiang, and Liu Yang
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CHINESE medicine ,CHINESE cooking ,ORGANIC acids ,ESSENTIAL oils ,ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY - Abstract
Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has been used as a tea and medicine for more than 1,500 years. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxification, and is often used to treat carbuncle, furuncle, throat arthralgia, erysipelas, heat-toxic blood dysentery, febrile fever. This paper summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition and pharmacological action of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from 1986 to 2022, and looks forward to the future research direction of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. At present, the components isolated from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos include essential oils, organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, saponins and other compounds. It has the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-oxidation, antitumor, protect liver and galltesticles, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antithrombosis, anti-allergy, immune regulation and so on. It is often used in clinical treatment of diarrhea, hematochezia, febrile disease, exogenous wind-heat, and cold, swelling and toxin of carbuncle, sore throat and so on. The comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the understanding of multi-target network pharmacology also need to be studied. As a kind of health food with high value, LJF is worthy of further promotion and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Traditional uses, phytochemical, pharmacology, quality control and modern applications of two important Chinese medicines from Rosa laevigata Michx.: A review.
- Author
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Xiao-Xiao Quan, Yuan-Yuan Huang, Lu Chen, and Jing-Quan Yuan
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QUALITY control ,CHINESE medicine ,PHARMACOLOGY ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,TOXICITY testing ,NEOLIGNANS - Abstract
Rosa laevigata Michx. is an ethnic medicine that have strong biological activities used in the traditional medicine system for the treatment of diabetes, nephropathy, myocardial damage, oxidative damage, liver damage and so on. Currently, The Chinese herb R. laevigata Michx. can be divided into two important medicines: Fructus R. laevigata and Radix R. laevigata, from which approximately 148 chemical components have been isolated, including flavonoids, lignans, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins as well as other components. Pharmacological studies have already confirmed that both of these herbs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor activities, as well as renal protective, immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, cardiovascular protective, bacteriostatic, and other pharmacological effects. Toxicological tests and quality control studies revealed the safety and nontoxicity of R. laevigata Michx. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the traditional uses, botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacology as well as the quality control and toxicology of Fructus and Radix, which in order to provide a comprehensive reference for its continued research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Therapeutic Potential of Leaves from Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann: Botanical Aspects, Phytochemical and Biological, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Healing Action.
- Author
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Batalha, Adriane Dâmares de Sousa Jorge, Souza, Damy Caroline de Melo, Ubiera, Rosmery Duran, Chaves, Francisco Celio Maia, Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo, da Silva, Felipe Moura Araújo, Koolen, Hector Henrique Ferreira, Boechat, Antônio Luiz, and Sartim, Marco Aurélio
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HEALING ,FREE radical reactions ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,METABOLITES ,HERBAL medicine - Abstract
Plants of the species Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann (Bignoniaceae), which are widely distributed in Brazil and named crajiru in the state of Amazonas, are known in folk medicine as a traditional medicine in the form of a tea for the treatment of intestinal colic, diarrhea, and anemia, among other diseases. The chemical analysis of extracts of the leaves has identified phenolic compounds, a class of secondary metabolites that provide defense for plants and benefits to the health of humans. Several studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of F. chica extracts, with antitumor, antiviral, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities being among the therapeutic applications already proven. The healing action of F. chica leaf extract has been demonstrated in several experimental models, and shows the ability to favor the proliferation of fibroblasts, which is essential for tissue repair. The anti-inflammatory activity of F. chica has been clearly demonstrated by several authors, who suggest that it is related to the presence of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, which is capable of inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways such as the kappa B (NF-kB) nuclear transcription factor pathway. Another important effect attributed to this species is the antioxidant effect, attributed to phenolic compounds interrupting chain reactions caused by free radicals and donating hydrogen atoms or electrons. In conclusion, the species Fridericia chica has great therapeutic potential, which is detailed in this paper with the objective of encouraging new research and promoting the sum of efforts for the inclusion of herbal medicines in health systems around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler—Phytochemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Ethnomedicinal Use: A Scoping Review.
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Barreto Linhares, Ladaha Pequeno Menna, Pereira, Bruna Vanessa Nunes, Dantas, Maria Karoline Gomes, Bezerra, Wislayne Mirelly da Silva, Viana-Marques, Daniela de Araújo, de Lima, Luiza Rayanna Amorim, and Sette-de-Souza, Pedro Henrique
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COMMUNITIES ,ARID regions ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,NATIVE plants ,POLYPHENOLS ,FOLIAGE plants - Abstract
Brazil has the most incredible biodiversity globally and has a vast storehouse of molecules to be discovered. However, there are no pharmacological and phytochemical studies on most native plants. Parts of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, a tree from the Anacardiaceae family, are used by several traditional communities to treat injuries and health problems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the pharmacological information about S. brasiliensis, from ethnobotanical to phytochemical and biological studies. Data collection concerning the geographical distribution of S. brasiliensis specimens was achieved through the Reflora Virtual Herbarium. The study's protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy used the keyword "Schinopsis brasiliensis" in the databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, and SciELO. Rayyan was used for the selection of eligible studies. In total, 35 studies were included in the paper. The most recurrent therapeutic indications were for general pain, flu and inflammation. The bark was the most studied part of the plant. The most used preparation method was decoction and infusion, followed by syrup. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and polyphenols. Most of the substances were found in the plant's leaf and bark. Important biological activities were reported, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. S. brasiliensis is used mainly by communities in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil to treat several diseases. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies together provide scientific support for the popular knowledge of the medicinal use of S. brasiliensis. In vitro and in vivo analyses reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, photoprotective, preservative, molluscicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. It is essential to highlight the need for future studies that elucidate the mechanisms of action of these phytocompounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.
- Author
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Zhao, Tiantian, Li, Chao, Wang, Shuai, and Song, Xinqiang
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GREEN tea ,TEA ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,TOXICOLOGY ,ALZHEIMER'S disease - Abstract
Objectives Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a kind of unfermented tea that retains the natural substance in fresh leaves to a great extent. It is regarded as the second most popular drink in the world besides water. In this paper, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of green tea are reviewed systematically and comprehensively. Key findings Green tea has been demonstrated to be good for human health. Nowadays, multiple pharmacologically active components have been isolated and identified from green tea, including tea polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids, polysaccharides, and volatile components. Recent studies have demonstrated that green tea shows versatile pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotective. Studies on the toxic effects of green tea extract and its main ingredients have also raised concerns including hepatotoxicity and DNA damage. Summary Green tea can be used to assist the treatment of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, oral cancer, and dermatitis. Consequently, green tea has shown promising practical prospects in health care and disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica linn.) and Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench): their Potential Utilization in Phytotherapy
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Regina D Loria, Norman G. De Jesus, Honorio M. Soriano, and F.K. Reyes
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Phytochemistry ,General Computer Science ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Biology ,Shower gel ,law.invention ,Toxicology ,law ,Tannin ,Essential oil ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Biotechnology ,chemistry ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Bark ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,Sweet sorghum - Abstract
The use of botanical extracts and essential oil in skin care has been increasing due to greater demand on the part of consumers to use natural ingredients. Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum really have big potentials for reaching the public and showcasing its benefits , thus this study could encourage growers to raise more Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum in their areas not only as food but as a raw material in the production of natural products which are for health and wellness. Both Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum possess skin healing effect which may be attributed to their biologically active components. Tamarind possess to have bioflavonoids and alkaloids which occur in its leaves, pulp and bark. The bark contains tannin which are recommended for treatments of inflammation, ulceration and skin disease. Tamarind has Tartaric acid that makes it possible for tamarind to works wonders on oily skin with pimples and on sun-damaged. Sweet Sorghum on the other hand contains emulsion, a substance that can give a moisturizing effect on the skin. the majestic phytochemistry of Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum encouraged the researcher to produce and test the acceptability, efficacy and safety of different skin care products that are commonly needed by the community. The Tamarind Leaves soap was proven to be highly acceptable in terms of its color, odor, texture, hardness and overall appearance. Both the Tamarind soap and the Sweet Sorghum soap were safe and free from insoluble soap and fatty acid soap. The percent reduction of acne in using Tamarind soap, Sweet Sorghum and Commercial soap have similar effect on the tenth and twelve days of use. The initial means of the treatments ranges from 10.00 pustule to 2.00 pustule. After 12 days of treatment the mean decrease is zero or equivalent to 100% decrease in the number of acne. The result of this study maybe explained with the result on antibacterial property test ( against Staphylococcus A.) of Tamarind soap and Sweet Sorghum Soap. Tamarind soap with 8% extract was found to be most effective in reduction of pimples. The Tamarind shower gel and Sweet Sorghum shower gels were effective against Staphylococcus Aurous. Tamarind Bark Ointment was an effective anti – inflammatory agent particularly on swelling and redness as well as for wound healing. Tamarind scrub salt, shower gel and liniment were also highly acceptable and found to be safe and effective. Result on the acceptability of Sweet Sorghum natural products are comparable to the acceptability of Tamarind natural products. The development of technology for the Production of Natural Products from Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum is timely, considering the growing consciousness of consumers on safe, organic and healthy natural products. Likewise, this product diversification scheme can promote multi-uses and competitive of the Tamarind and Sweet Sorghum.
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- 2015
49. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume.
- Author
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Chee-Shien Chen, Siow-Ping Tan, Chui-Fung Loke, and Tze-Ven Poh
- Subjects
- *
BOTANICAL chemistry , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *GASTROINTESTINAL diseases , *UTERINE cancer , *ACANTHACEAE , *PHENOLS - Abstract
Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume (S. crispa) is a folklore medicinal plant of the genus Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae), traditionally used in Malaysia and Indonesia to treat various diseases such as breast and uterine cancers, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gastrointestinal and kidney diseases, typhoid, jaundice, piles, high cholesterol, and ulcers. Several studies have shown that S. crispa contains a variety of phytochemicals, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, sulfur-containing, steroids, chlorophylls, benzofuran, fatty acids, and other simple metabolites. Furthermore, based on its traditional uses, S. crispa has demonstrated a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities. These activities include antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, wound healing, anticancer, anti-trypanosomal, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-urolithiatic, anti-angiogenic, and vasorelaxant activity. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of traditional use, toxicity, phytochemicals, and pharmacological studies of S. crispa, thereby validating its ethnopharmacological applications and exploring possible research opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A Comprehensive Survey of Phenolic Constituents Reported in Monofloral Honeys around the Globe.
- Author
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Lawag, Ivan Lozada, Lim, Lee-Yong, Joshi, Ranee, Hammer, Katherine A., and Locher, Cornelia
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GALLIC acid ,FERULIC acid ,HONEY ,LEPTOSPERMUM scoparium ,BLACK locust ,CAFFEIC acid ,PHENOLS - Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the large variety of phenolic compounds that have to date been identified in a wide range of monofloral honeys found globally. The collated information is structured along several themes, including the botanical family and genus of the monofloral honeys for which phenolic constituents have been reported, the chemical classes the phenolic compounds can be attributed to, and the analytical method employed in compound determination as well as countries with a particular research focus on phenolic honey constituents. This review covers 130 research papers that detail the phenolic constituents of a total of 556 monofloral honeys. Based on the findings of this review, it can be concluded that most of these honeys belong to the Myrtaceae and Fabaceae families and that Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia, Fabaceae), Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae), and Chestnut (Castanea sp., Fagaceae) honeys are to date the most studied honeys for phenolic compound determination. China, Italy, and Turkey are the major honey phenolic research hubs. To date, 161 individual phenolic compounds belonging to five major compound groups have been reported, with caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid and quercetin being the most widely reported among them. HPLC with photodiode array detection appears to be the most popular method for chemical structure identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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