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Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the reliability of thermoplastic ACF in the process of OGS touch panel manufacturing was studied. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), volume removal gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and weighing method research were used to characterize the structure of functional group, molecular weight and the change of absorption rate of ACF colloid materials under different curing condition. The thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were characterized by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal (TG-DSC) analysis. The effect of high temperature and high humidity on the bond strength of ACF was studied by the failure test of adhesion mode. The results showed that, under high temperature and high humidity environment, because of the erosion of water molecules, the plasticity of ACF materials became stronger, the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased and the thermal stability became worse. As a result, the bond strength of the material was greatly influenced by the humidity. In addition, the comparison of different aging time pull out force test after the thermoplastic ACF sample scanning electron microscope (SEM) images could be indicated that the peeling effect of ACF with damp heat aging time was more and more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been used for more than 30 years in flat panel display (FPD) module package. In this paper, the technical trends and development of ACF are described. Among all of them, ACF material design for flexible substrate bonding is critical for the development of flexible display. According to different process flow of flexible AMOLED, flexible substrate bonding technologies can be classified as 'PI/Glass' and 'Film type' substrate bonding. That is to say the flexible substrate bonding process can be implemented before and after PI substrate separation from the original carrier glass substrate. Based on the current results, soft conductive particles of ACF are developed and chosen in the PI/Glass substrate bonding. For the film type substrate bonding, especially in IC bonding, the design of ACF is very important in avoiding the insufficient conductive particle deformation issue induced by the sink of plastic substrate. Here, we present a feasible and simple flexible substrate bonding technology to package driver IC, FPC or COF for flexible AMOLED application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a constrained convex sets-based method for designing ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse. The UWB pulses designed using earlier proposed methods either do not fit well in UWB spectral mask or require extra processing circuitry for pulses to fit in the UWB spectral mask. The proposed constraint sets-based method is flexible and optimum for the UWB mask. The pulse designed by the proposed method is Federal Communication Commission compliant and has an autocorrelation function similar to the Gaussian pulse. The bit error rate performance of time hopping binary phase shift keying using the proposed method and some of the existing methods such as Norman and Lee pulses and sixth derivative Gaussian pulse is analyzed in additive white Gaussian noise and Saleh-Valenzuela channels. Pulse designed using the proposed method outperforms existing pulse design, and the same is verified through simulations. The proposed algorithm is flexible and can also be used to mitigate narrow band interference, multiband UWB pulse generation and any other Federal Communication Commission (or other regulatory body) compliant spectrum mask by modifying the parameter of the proposed constraint set(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politics & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, six voiced/unvoiced speech classifiers based on the autocorrelation function (ACF), average magnitude difference function (AMDF), cepstrum, weighted ACF (WACF), zero crossing rate and energy of the signal (ZCR‐E), and neural networks (NNs) have been simulated and implemented in real time using the TMS320C6713 DSP starter kit. These speech classifiers have been integrated into a linear‐predictive‐coding‐based speech analysis‐synthesis system and their performance has been compared in terms of the percentage of the voiced/unvoiced classification accuracy, speech quality, and computation time. The results of the percentage of the voiced/unvoiced classification accuracy and speech quality show that the NN‐based speech classifier performs better than the ACF‐, AMDF‐, cepstrum‐, WACF‐ and ZCR‐E‐based speech classifiers for both clean and noisy environments. The computation time results show that the AMDF‐based speech classifier is computationally simple, and thus its computation time is less than that of other speech classifiers, while that of the NN‐based speech classifier is greater compared with other classifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Policy Studies Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politics & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on application of heated bi‐metal strip bending theory to measured chip warp on 0.5 mm thick bare Corning® EAGLEXG® Glass and Corning Lotus™ NXT Glass, low substrate CTE minimizes chip warp. Different substrates have different effective process temperatures. Chip warp is relatively insensitive to substrate Young's modulus vs. substrate CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space–frequency modulation (SFM) signal is a potential waveform for multifunction radar with high degrees of freedom of space, time, and frequency. However, the introduction of the additional communication function will modulate the transmitting signal, which will severely deteriorate the autocorrelation function (ACF). Here, a modified CLEAN method is proposed to eliminate the influence of undesired sidelobes in ACF on the air target detection. In the proposed method, undesired sidelobes are treated as extra features of real target to obtain more precise estimation of its complex reflection coefficient. Moreover, by considering about the sparsity of air targets, the authors employ the sparse representation method to estimate the response of the current strongest target. Then the target occlusion is eliminated by iterative cancellation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detector is reliable and effective for the SFM‐based integrated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors propose reliable sequences of binary coded symbol (BCS) modulation, and their characteristics and performances for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) application are described. A BCS sequence vector is formed by eight variable length sub‐chips of alternated + 1 and −1 (or −1 and + 1) values. A judicious choice of the sub‐chips lengths of the BCS sequence permitted to propose several BCS sequences that provide high performances in terms of multipath mitigation, resistance to the noise and interferences rejection. An overview of the essential characteristics and the resulting autocorrelation functions (ACFs) and power spectral densities of the proposed BCS sequences were introduced. The latter ACFs have a sharp main peak due to the increase in the number of transitions of the BCS sequences within a chip interval, which corresponds to a larger slope of the discrimination function, and consequently a reduced range of search in the delay locked loop with a minimum calculation load. The theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed BCS sequences are more consistent compared to the conventional signals adopted by the GNSS navigation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Using station data from the United States Historical Climatology Network, we preformed a running trend analysis of temperature, precipitation and drought in the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river basins for the time period 1895-2012 on annual and monthly timescales. Our study found that long-term precipitation and temperature trends were statistically detectible but relatively slight in the order of an increase at 3 mm per decade for precipitation and a decline of 0.02 °C per decade for temperature. Running trend analyses for the time period 1895-2012 found field-significant and relatively large annual precipitation increases and temperature decreases between the 1950s and early 1980s associated with the 'warming hole'. The magnitude of precipitation trends for the aforementioned period was in the range of 7 mm per year for precipitation and 0.6 °C per decade for temperature. For temperature, we observed generally decreasing maximum, minimum and mean temperatures in the 1960s and 1970s and increasing temperatures from the 1970s to present. Minimum temperatures particularly showed a strong increase in recent summer months in the range of 0.3 °C per decade. Trends in the diurnal temperature range showed a recent narrowing during summer and fall months. Differences in the standardized precipitation index ( SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ( SPEI) did not show a strong effect of temperature on drought for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration technologies involving flexible substrates are receiving significant attention owing the appearance of new products regarding wearable and Internet of Things technologies. There has been a continuous demand from the industry for a reliable bonding method applicable to a low-temperature process and flexible substrates. Up to now, however, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been predominantly used in applications involving flexible substrates; we therefore suggest low-temperature lead-free soldering and bonding processes as a possible alternative for flex-on-flex applications. Test vehicles were designed on polyimide flexible substrates (FPCBs) to measure the contact resistances. Solder bumping was carried out using a solder-on-pad process with Solder Bump Maker based on Sn58Bi for low-temperature applications. In addition, thermocompression bonding of FPCBs was successfully demonstrated within the temperature of 150 °C using a newly developed fluxing underfill material with fluxing and curing capabilities at low temperature. The same FPCBs were bonded using commercially available ACFs in order to compare the joint properties with those of a joint formed using solder and an underfill. Both of the interconnections formed with Sn58Bi and ACF were examined through a contact resistance measurement, an 85 °C and 85% reliability test, and an SEM cross-sectional analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributed power generation networks and smart grids are characterised by a high penetration of renewable energies. For purposes of improving the power quality of the distributed generation and achieving a reliable, efficient and safe operation of the grid, on the basis of the synchronisation techniques, this study proposes a robust frequency‐locked loop (FLL) algorithm for grid synchronisation of single‐phase applications under distorted grid conditions. The algorithm mainly includes a frequency‐adjustable quadrature signal generator (QSG) and a cascaded adaptive complex filter (ACF), as well as a robust frequency adaptive controller. The suggested QSG can generate two‐phase orthogonal voltages with the same attenuation ratio. In the proposed scheme, the normalised blocks and the cascaded ACF are introduced, for purposes of eliminating the influence of voltage fluctuation and the harmonics on the frequency adaptive adjustment effectively. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed FLL algorithm has good performance in aspects of rapidity and robustness even in the hostile envelopments caused by frequency variation, voltage fluctuation and harmonic distortion. Simulations and experimental results are provided at the end of this study to validate the good performance of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]