427,276 results
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2. Office paper and laser printing: a versatile and affordable approach for fabricating paper-based analytical devices with multimodal detection capabilities.
- Author
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Sousa, Lucas R., Guinati, Barbara G. S., Maciel, Lanaia I. L., Baldo, Thaisa A., Duarte, Lucas C., Takeuchi, Regina M., Faria, Ronaldo C., Vaz, Boniek G., Paixão, Thiago R. L. C., and Coltro, Wendell K. T.
- Subjects
LASER printing ,PRINTMAKING ,PROSTATE-specific antigen ,ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis ,ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry ,IRON ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems - Abstract
Multiple protocols have been reported to fabricate paper-based analytical devices (PADs). However, some of these techniques must be revised because of the instrumentation required. This paper describes a versatile and globally affordable method to fabricate PADs using office paper as a substrate and a laser printing technique to define hydrophobic barriers on paper surfaces. To demonstrate the feasibility of the alternatives proposed in this study, the fabrication of devices for three types of detection commonly associated with using PADs was demonstrated: colorimetric detection, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry associated with a paper-spray ionization (PSI-MS) technique. Besides that, an evaluation of the type of paper used and chemical modifications required on the substrate surface are also presented in this report. Overall, the developed protocol was suitable for using office paper as a substrate, and the laser printing technique as an efficient fabrication method when using this substrate is accessible at a resource-limited point-of-need. Target analytes were used as a proof of concept for these detection techniques. Colorimetric detection was carried out for acetaminophen, iron, nitrate, and nitrite with limits of detection of 0.04 μg, 4.5 mg mL
−1 , 2.7 μmol L−1 , and 6.8 μmol L−1 , respectively. A limit of detection of 0.048 fg mL−1 was obtained for the electrochemical analysis of prostate-specific antigen. Colorimetric and electrochemical devices revealed satisfactory performance when office paper with a grammage of 90 g m−2 was employed. Methyldopa analysis was also carried out using PSI-MS, which showed a good response in the same paper weight and behavior compared to chromatographic paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Chitosan-adhered graphene/nano iron tetroxide carbon paper electrode for the detection of hexavalent chromium.
- Author
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Liangyi Tian, Ting Huang, Yilei Xiang, Yichun Bi, Zihan Yu, Jihuan Xie, Jingping Qiu, Lemin Chen, and Linbin Jiang
- Subjects
- *
CARBON electrodes , *CARBON paper , *HEXAVALENT chromium , *MAGNETITE , *IRON , *GRAPHENE , *CHROMIUM compounds - Abstract
This report presents an investigation into the use of carbon paper electrodes prepared from chitosan-adhered graphene magnetite nanoparticles for the analysis of Cr(VI). The preparation and storage of carbon paper electrodes is a simple process, and these electrodes are easier to replace than electrodes modified by more conventional methods. The electrochemical detection of Cr(VI) using square wave adsorption cathodic dissolution voltammetry (SWAdCSV) with high selectivity and sensitivity, as well as the optimum conditions for the preparation of the electrodes and the electrode parameters affecting the SWAdCSV signal, were the main points of focus of the investigation. Cr(VI) was detected linearly in the range of 4-40 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 2.84 μg L-1. The electrode output precision, calculated as %RSD, was 7.16% (n = 6), and this was the measurement used for the detection of Cr(VI) in standard and test samples with recoveries between 89% and 114%. The results were consistent with those obtained using the standard UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with a paired t-test at 95% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Used tissue paper as a 3D substrate for non-enzyme glucose sensors.
- Author
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Zhiyu Chen, Lei Li, Xuanyu Xiao, Yuxin Zhang, Jieyu Zhang, Qing Jiang, Xuefeng Hu, and Yunbing Wang
- Subjects
- *
GLUCOSE analysis , *PAPER recycling , *OXIDATION of glucose , *RECYCLED paper , *DETECTORS , *DENSITY functional theory - Abstract
Non-enzymatic electrochemical blood glucose sensors often suffer from issues such as requiring an alkaline environment, limited monitoring range, and poor anti-interference properties. Carbon substrates have been demonstrated to improve the performance of non-enzymatic sensors, but complex and energy-consuming manufacturing processes restrict their use. Herein, a simple and green approach for the preparation of 3D porous Au/Au-Pt networks (PAAPNs) is proposed using tissue paper for recycling as the nanomaterial substrate to deposit Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles. The unique structure of the PAAPNs sensor allows for low-potential operation (-1.0 V) with a wide monitoring range (-0.25 to 36 mM) in a neutral environment. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent selectivity (<10% response of interference) even without the use of an anti-interference outer membrane. Further investigation using density functional theory (DFT) simulation revealed the synergistic effect between Au and Pt in promoting glucose oxidation. Overall, this work provides a simple and low-carbon footprint method for creating carbon substrates from tissue paper for recycling, offering new opportunities for fabricating novel value-added nanomaterials for medical sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on carbon dots modified with Eu3+ for the selective detection of tetracycline in seafood aquaculture water.
- Author
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Zhang, Jialu, Chen, Yuanyuan, Qi, Ji, Miao, Qinglan, Deng, Dongmei, He, Haibo, Yan, Xiaoxia, and Luo, Liqiang
- Subjects
FLUORESCENCE ,SEAFOOD ,TETRACYCLINE ,TETRACYCLINES ,AQUACULTURE ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors are normally prepared using two or more types of fluorescent materials on a paper chip for simple, low-cost and fast detection. However, the choice of multi-step and one-step modifications on the paper chip affects the analytical performance. Herein, a novel paper-based dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor was designed for the selective detection of tetracycline (TC). Carbon dots (CDs) modified with Eu
3+ were combined with a sealed paper-based microfluidic chip by two methods: one-step grafting of CDs-Eu3+ on paper and step-by-step grafting of CDs and Eu3+ on paper. The analytical performance was studied and optimized respectively. The red fluorescence of Eu3+ at 450 nm is enhanced and the blue fluorescence of CDs at 617 nm is quenched by energy transfer in the presence of TC. Under optimal conditions, TC is selectively determined in the linear range from 0.1 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.03 μM by the step-by-step grafting method. In addition, the sealed paper chip could effectively prevent pollution and volatilization from the reagent. This technique has been used to analyze TC in seafood aquaculture water with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
6. Rapid fabrication of hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns on paper substrates for paper spray mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Arias, Austin, Windham, Peyton E., Cheyne, Natalie A., and Gilliland, William M.
- Subjects
EFAVIRENZ ,MASS spectrometry ,ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,HYDROPHOBIC surfaces ,CONTACT angle ,DETECTION limit ,OXYGEN masks - Abstract
A simple, rapid chemical coating and patterning method was developed and optimized for paper-based substrates for use in paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). A variety of chlorosilanes were explored for coating paper substrates, and their effectiveness in forming hydrophobic surfaces was characterized via contact angle goniometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Trichloromethylsilane was selected as the primary coating agent because of the short time required to produce a hydrophobic surface (contact angle > 130°), as well as the ease of patterning. Patterning was performed using 3D-printed masks and an oxygen/plasma cleaner. Optimal mask thickness and oxygen/plasma cleaning parameters were determined to produce channels varying from 0.5 to 2.5 mm in width. The effectiveness of the patterned substrates for PS-MS was determined via analysis of four antiretrovirals: emtricitabine, lamivudine, efavirenz, and dolutegravir. Calibration curves were made for each antiretroviral at varying channel widths, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification for each drug were determined. These results show that this patterning method results in an average 7.2-fold improvement in sensitivity and an average 190-fold improvement in limits of detection over uncoated paper substrates in a neat matrix. In a proof-of-concept experiment, calibration curves were generated for each antiretroviral in urine. A patterned paper substrate with a 2-mm channel resulted in an average 7.4-fold improvement in sensitivity and an average 18-fold improvement in limits of detection over uncoated paper substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. A wash-free, elution-free and low protein adsorption paper-based material for nucleic acid extraction.
- Author
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Tang, Ruihua, Yan, Xueyan, Li, Min, Du, Aoqi, Yang, Hui, Yin, Huancai, and Xie, Mingyue
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. A supramolecular polymer network constructed using a pillararene-based multi-functional monomer and its application as a rewritable fluorescent paper.
- Author
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Liang, Bicong, Xia, Danyu, Cheng, Yujie, Zheng, Qiang, and Wang, Pi
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC paper , *SUPRAMOLECULAR polymers , *FLUORESCENT polymers , *MONOMERS , *POLYMER networks - Abstract
A simple and mild stimulus-responsive fluorescent supramolecular polymer network was constructed from a pillararene-based multi-functional monomer through multiple noncovalent interactions and used as a rewritable paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Fluorescence sensor using porous host molecules deposited on filter paper with vapochromic and mechanochromic properties.
- Author
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Umezane, Sota, Fukutomi, Satoshi, Ono, Toshikazu, Hisaeda, Yoshio, Nishimura, Tomoki, Kawasaki, Riku, and Ikeda, Atsushi
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,FLUORESCENCE ,IRRADIATION ,ABSORBED dose ,MOLECULES ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Naphthalenediimide derivative-absorbed papers, which were prepared by dropping chloroform solution, showed fluorescence under photoirradiation after exposure to vapors of small aromatic guests. The fluorescence intensity and maximum wavelength depended on the type of guest aromatic molecules, similar to the crystal. The naphthalenediimide derivative-absorbed papers showed vapochromic and mechanochromic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Phytic acid-modified waste paper-derived cellulose for lanthanum capture: fabrication concept and affinity mechanism.
- Author
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Yuan, Bangwen, An, Qingda, Xiao, Zuoyi, Dong, Xiaoling, Zhu, Kairuo, Shao, Guolin, Zhai, Shangru, and Ha, Chang-Sik
- Subjects
LANGMUIR isotherms ,ADSORPTION kinetics ,WASTE paper ,LANTHANUM ,PHYTIC acid - Abstract
Selective enrichment of La(III) by green material as an industrial raw material is of great research interest. In this study, the selective interaction between P and La(III) was utilized, and waste paper (WP) modified with phytic acid (PA) was used to adsorb La(III) from water using a simple one-pot method. The adsorption capacity was 237.23 mg g
−1 (30 °C, pH = 5, initial concentration of 200 mg L−1 ). The equilibrium isotherm fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well. The adsorption equilibrium was reached after 15 min. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption mechanism of the material towards La(III) is single-layer chemisorption. It selectively adsorbed La(III) from four coexisting substances (Pb, Ni, Cu, and Co). After six cycles, the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent material remained at 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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11. Generating signals at converging liquid fronts to create line-format readouts of soluble assay products in three-dimensional paper-based devices.
- Author
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Abdullah IH, Wilson DJ, Mora AC, Parker RW, and Mace CR
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase, Ferric Compounds, Paper, Biological Assay, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
- Abstract
The correct interpretation of the result from a point-of-care device is crucial for an accurate and rapid diagnosis to guide subsequent treatment. Lateral flow tests (LFTs) use a well-established format that was designed to simplify the user experience. However, the LFT device architecture is inherently limited to detecting analytes that can be captured by molecular recognition. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), like LFTs, have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications at the point of care. However, μPADs have not gained significant traction outside of academic laboratories, in part, because they have often demonstrated a lack of homogeneous shape or color in signal outputs, which consequently can lead to inaccurate interpretation of results by users. Here, we demonstrate a new class of μPADs that form colorimetric signals at the interfaces of converging liquid fronts ( i.e. , lines) to control where colorimetric signals are formed without relying on capture techniques. We demonstrate our approach by developing assays for three classes of analytes-an ion, an enzyme, and a small molecule-to measure using iron(III), acetylcholinesterase, and lactate, respectively. Additionally, we show these devices have the potential to support multiplexed assays by generating multiple lines in a common readout zone. These results highlight the ability of this new paper-based device architecture to aid the interpretation of assays that create soluble products by using flow to constrain those colorimetric products in a familiar, line-format output.
- Published
- 2023
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12. Fabrication of a paper-based facile and low-cost microfluidic device and digital imaging technique for point-of-need monitoring of hypochlorite.
- Author
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Debnath S, Ghosh R, Pragti, Mukhopadhyay S, Baskaran KV, and Chatterjee PB
- Subjects
- Humans, Fluorescent Dyes toxicity, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, HEK293 Cells, HeLa Cells, Spectrometry, Fluorescence methods, Paper, Hypochlorous Acid chemistry, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
- Abstract
Lab-on-a-paper-based devices are promising alternatives to the existing arduous techniques for point-of-need monitoring. The present work reports an instant and facile method to produce a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD). The fabricated μPAD has been used to detect hypochlorite (OCl
- ) by incorporating newly synthesized chromo-fluorogenic ratiometric probes 1 and 2 into the sample reception zone. The probes showed high selectivity and fast response (<10 s) toward OCl- with an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 0-100 μM. The concentration-dependent fluorometric change driven by the reaction of 1@μPAD with OCl- has been monitored using gel-doc imaging systems, which is unprecedented. Digitizing the intensity of the colour solution with different mathematical models of colour has developed a straightforward method for monitoring OCl- without any interference from its competitors. 1@μPAD can detect OCl- at ∼10 times lower than the WHO recommended limit. The detection limit of 1@μPAD via a digital camera-based fluorescence technique was found to be better over digital camera-based cuvette assays. Therefore, 1@μPAD has been successfully utilized to monitor OCl- in actual environmental water samples with portability, ease of use, and sensitivity. The analytical RSD was found to be ≤3% based on fluorimetric detection using 1@μPAD. The chemodosimetric reaction between OCl- and the probe was evidenced by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy,1 H NMR, and ESI-MS. The rapid response time, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, 100% aqueous solubility, ratiometric feature, and exclusive OCl- selectivity over other competitive ROS/RNS successfully lead to the application of the probes for bioimaging of exogenous as well as endogenous OCl- in normal cells (HEK293) and cancerous cells (HeLa).- Published
- 2023
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13. Equipment-free determination of ascorbic acid based on the UV-induced oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine in a paper-based analysis device.
- Author
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Liu, Xiaoxia, Hou, Wenya, Zhao, Jinzhong, Zhang, Lili, Li, Anping, and Ma, Ruiyan
- Subjects
VITAMIN C ,ANALYSIS of colors ,OXIDATION ,FILTER paper ,HYDROXYL group ,BLUE - Abstract
A simple, portable and cost-effective paper-based analysis device is developed for quantitative determination of ascorbic acid (AA) based on the UV-induced oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The method does not involve the introduction of any enzyme or external oxidants. More importantly, large equipment is not needed and only a 20 μL sample is needed for each analysis which only takes 8 min. The filter paper is pre-treated with TMB and it turns blue upon UV irradiation because TMB is a self-photosensitizer. The phenol hydroxyl groups of AA can inhibit photo-triggered oxidation resulting in a lighter blue color. The color signal is captured using a smartphone and analyzed using color analysis software. A series of factors that affect the performance of the device are investigated, including the concentration of TMB, buffer pH, channel selection, and irradiation time. The analytical performance is evaluated, and the results show that the method has a wide detection range of 0.05–1.0 mmol L
−1 as well as a high selectivity and reproducibility. The proposed method is applied for assaying AA in beverage samples and a VC tablet, and the results correspond to those obtained using the UV method. The results of the recovery test of human serum indicate that the proposed method is feasible in biological samples. This device is easy to fabricate, and convenient to store and transport. It is a truly portable device which has great potential in the on-site assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Water-resistant, strong, degradable and recyclable rosin-grafted cellulose composite paper.
- Author
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Sun, Penghao, Wang, Siheng, Huang, Zhen, Zhang, Lei, Dong, Fuhao, Xu, Xu, and Liu, He
- Subjects
CELLULOSE fibers ,CELLULOSE ,YOUNG'S modulus ,SUSTAINABLE development ,PLASTICS ,DRINKING straws - Abstract
Petroleum-based plastics are useful, but they pose a huge threat to the environment and human health. The development of sustainable cellulose paper materials with excellent mechanical and water-resistance properties to replace plastics is highly desirable but also challenging. Herein, we report a new kind of rosin-based modifier synthesized from fully hydrogenated rosin and (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, which can covalently bind with cellulose fiber networks to improve the hydrophobicity and weaken the capillarity of cellulose paper. The rosin-grafted cellulose composite paper shows a unique combination of water resistance (water absorption of 19.2% and 37.9% in 25 and 90 °C water, respectively) and high strength (tensile strength of 47.9 MPa and Young's modulus of 2.32 GPa). Moreover, the rosin-grafted cellulose composite paper can be completely degraded when buried in soil for up to 100 days, and it can be recycled when treated with an alkali. These impressive performances make rosin-grafted cellulose composite paper a promising eco-friendly alternative material to replace plastics in straws, boxes, cups, bags and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Rapid and inexpensive process to fabricate paper based microfluidic devices using a cut and heat plastic lamination process.
- Author
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Kumawat, Nityanand, Soman, Soja Saghar, Vijayavenkataraman, Sanjairaj, and Kumar, Sunil
- Subjects
LAMINATED plastics ,MICROFLUIDIC devices ,MICROFLUIDICS ,POROUS materials ,CHEMICAL industry ,FILTER paper ,CHEMICAL resistance - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as simple-to-use, low-cost point-of-care testing platforms. Such devices are mostly fabricated at present by creating hydrophobic barriers using wax or photoresist patterning on porous paper sheets. Even though devices fabricated using these methods are used and tested with a wide variety of analytes, still they pose many serious practical limitations for low-cost automated mass fabrication for their widespread applicability. We present an affordable and simple two-step process – cut and heat (CH-microPADs) – for the selective fabrication of hydrophilic channels and reservoirs on a wide variety of porous media such as tissue/printing/filter paper and cloth types, such as cotton and polyester, by a lamination process. The technique presents many advantages as compared to existing commonly used methods. The devices possess excellent mechanical strength against bending, folding and twisting, making them virtually unbreakable. They are structurally flexible and show good chemical resistance to various solvents, acids and bases, presenting widespread applicability in areas such as clinical diagnostics, biological sensing applications, food processing, and the chemical industry. Fabricated paper media 96 well-plate CH-microPAD configurations were tested for cell culture applications using mice embryonic fibroblasts and detection of proteins and enzymes using ELISA. With a simple two-step process and minimal human intervention, the technique presents a promising step towards mass fabrication of inexpensive disposable diagnostic devices for both resource-limited and developed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Solvent-free strategies for developing latent fingermarks on paper: a review.
- Author
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Clarke, Kristen T., Cresswell, Sarah L., and Gee, William J.
- Subjects
CRIME laboratories ,FORENSIC chemistry ,HUMAN fingerprints ,SUPPLY chains ,ENVIRONMENTAL forensics - Abstract
With growing environmental concern and supply chain uncertainty, now is a fitting time to re-evaluate solvent-free methodologies in forensic chemistry processes. Here, this paper reviews solvent-free approaches for fingermark visualisation, including chemical fuming and vapour phase treatments, dry-transfer treatments, application of heat, and thermal paper specific treatments. After providing historical context, three objectives have been emphasised: identify feasible scenarios for implementing solvent-free methods; showcase the effectiveness of solvent-free methods relative to their nearest solution-based equivalent; and estimate the technological readiness level of each method discussed. Having reviewed the literature, dry-transfer methods of developing latent fingermarks on paper were found to be the most promising and feasible solvent-free approaches for near-term implementation. Such methods make use of standard materials and equipment commonly found in forensic laboratories, are effective at fingermark visualisation, and mitigate most of the pressing issues pertaining to environmental concern and solvent scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Dual-response fluorescence sensing of H2PO4− and CO32− using AJP filter paper based on a pH-stable CdII-based luminescent metal–organic framework.
- Author
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Cao, Xiao-Qin, Li, Qiang, Yao, Shu-Li, Zhong, Li-qin, Cao, Lei, Chen, Yong-Qiang, and Liu, Sui-Jun
- Subjects
- *
METAL-organic frameworks , *FILTER paper , *FLUORESCENCE , *LIGHT emitting diodes , *DUAL fluorescence - Abstract
A new CdII-based luminescent metal–organic framework (LMOF) with the formula {[Cd(BIBT)(NDC)]·solvents}n (JXUST-32, BIBT = 4,7-bi(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzo-[2,1,3]thiadiazole and H2NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) was successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method. JXUST-32 shows a two-dimensional (4,4)-connected network and exhibits significant fluorescence red shift and slight enhancement for H2PO4− and CO32− sensing with detection limits of 0.11 and 0.12 μM, respectively. In addition, JXUST-32 has good thermal stability, chemical stability and recyclability. Significantly, JXUST-32 represents a fluorescence red-shift dual response MOF sensor for H2PO4− and CO32− detection and the analytes can be identified by the naked eye, aerosol jet printing filter paper, light-emitting diode beads and luminescent films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A leaf-like porous N-doped carbon structure embedded with CoS2 nanoparticles self-supported on carbon fiber paper as a cathode in flexible zinc–air batteries.
- Author
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Chen, Mengyu, Wu, Yongjian, Zhou, Yujie, Yu, Xinxin, Dai, Peng, Yu, Jing, Jiang, Tongtong, and Wu, Mingzai
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *CARBON fibers , *DOPING agents (Chemistry) , *OXYGEN evolution reactions , *METALLIC composites , *CHARGE exchange , *HYDROGEN evolution reactions - Abstract
Developing new forms of flexible zinc–air (Zn–air) batteries is crucial to economic growth. Nevertheless, the absence of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst with high catalytic efficiency and low-cost causes instability of Zn–air battery cycling and economic unviability, respectively. In this paper, a leaf-like N-doped carbon structure with CoS2 nanoparticles self-supported on carbon fiber paper (CoS2-CZ@CFP) was developed as an air electrode for Zn–air batteries, which not only uses nonprecious metal elements, but also has a self-supporting configuration, enhancing the contact between the catalyst and electrode while facilitating the transfer of electrons. Sulfur as the source gas was introduced into Co-doped metal–organic skeletons (Co-ZIFs) anchored on carbon fiber paper (CFP) for in situ vulcanizing transition metal Co, which successfully ensures the uniform distribution of sulfide particles in the carbon matrix, hence enriching active catalyst sites. The CoS2-CZ@CFP demonstrated an overpotential of 1.611 V at J = 50 mA cm−2, superior to RuO2@CFP (1.814 V). A Zn–air battery fabricated using the synthesized CoS2-CZ@CFP exhibited an extended life cycle of 117 h. This research paves the way for a novel method of designing self-supporting configurations of sulfides and carbon matrix composites as promising air electrodes applicable to Zn–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Paper card-like electrochemical platform as a smart point-of-care device for reagent-free glucose measurement in tears.
- Author
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Fiore, Luca, Sinha, Ankita, Seddaoui, Narjiss, di Biasio, Jessica, Ricci, Federico, Stojanovic, Goran M., and Arduini, Fabiana
- Subjects
SMART devices ,GLUCOSE ,ELECTRONIC paper ,POLYVINYL chloride ,DETECTION limit ,BLOOD sugar monitors - Abstract
This communication describes the development of polyvinyl chloride electrochemical system in which a paper layer loaded with reagents is inserted into the device, demonstrating a new concept of a paper card-like pad for a reagent-free and easy measurement of the target analyte in solution. This device detects glucose in artificial tears in the range of 0.2–2 mM with a detection limit of 50 μM by simply adding the artificial tears to the paper card-like pad. The novel configuration goes beyond the state of the art, widening the application range of paper in the design of smart analytical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. High sensitivity and automatic chemiluminescence detection of glucose and lactate using a spin-disc paper-based device.
- Author
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Tong, Wenqiang, Shi, Jiaming, Yu, Zhihang, Ran, Bin, Chen, Huaying, and Zhu, Yonggang
- Subjects
CHEMILUMINESCENCE ,LACTATES ,ARTIFICIAL saliva ,LACTATION ,GLUCOSE ,SPIN labels ,SIGNAL detection ,CELL culture ,MONOCARBOXYLATE transporters - Abstract
This paper reports a spin-disc paper-based device with 10 individual detection units containing electromagnetic modules controlling the sample incubation time before chemiluminescence (CL) signal detection. After the sample was added to the top paper chip and incubated with the enzyme, the electromagnet was turned off to allow contact between the top and bottom paper. The H
2 O2 generated by the sample flowed vertically to the bottom paper and initiated the oxidase of the luminol to generate the CL signal. After one detection the disc was automatically rotated to the next position to repeat the above detection. The advantage of using the device over the lateral flow and the in situ detection was firstly proved using the detection of H2 O2 and the glucose/lactate sample with 5 minute incubation. The CL intensity was increased 300 times/1000 times as the glucose/lactate was incubated for 5 minutes compared to the non-incubated samples. Afterward, the device was employed to separately detect glucose and lactate diluted in PBS, artificial sweat, artificial saliva, and fresh cell culture media. Finally, the device was employed to detect the glucose and lactate in the media collected over the 24 hour culture of PC3 cells. The uptake and production rates of glucose and lactate were correspondingly determined as 0.328 ± 0.015 pmol h−1 per cell and 1.254 ± 0.053 pmol h−1 per cell, respectively. The reported device has wide application potential due to its capabilities in automatic detection of multiple samples with very high sensitivity and small sample volume (down to 0.5 μL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Multifunctional droplet handling on surface-charge-graphic-decorated porous papers.
- Author
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Wu, Jiayao, Fang, Duokui, Zhou, Yifan, Gao, Ge, Zeng, Ji, Zeng, Yubin, and Zheng, Huai
- Subjects
ELECTRIC potential ,SURFACE charges ,HYDROPHOBIC surfaces ,POTENTIAL well ,MICROFLUIDICS - Abstract
Developing a fluidic platform that combines high-throughput with reconfigurability is essential for a wide range of cutting-edge applications, but achieving both capabilities simultaneously remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a novel and unique method for droplet manipulation via drawing surface charge graphics on electrode-free papers in a contactless way. We find that opposite charge graphics can be written and retained on the surface layer of porous insulating paper by a controlled charge depositing method. The retained charge graphics result in high-resolution patterning of electrostatic potential wells (EPWs) on the hydrophobic porous surface, allowing for digital and high-throughput droplet handling. Since the charge graphics can be written/projected dynamically and simultaneously in large areas, allowing for on-demand and real-time reconfiguration of EPWs, we are able to develop a charge-graphic fluidic platform with both high reconfigurability and high throughput. The advantages and application potential of the platform have been demonstrated in chemical detection and dynamically controllable fluidic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A dual paper-based nucleic acid extraction method from blood in under ten minutes for point-of-care diagnostics.
- Author
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Malpartida-Cardenas, Kenny, Baum, Jake, Cunnington, Aubrey, Georgiou, Pantelis, and Rodriguez-Manzano, Jesus
- Subjects
NUCLEIC acid isolation methods ,POINT-of-care testing ,DRUG monitoring ,FILTER paper ,EUKARYOTIC cells - Abstract
Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) plays a crucial role for diagnostic testing procedures. For decades, dried blood spots (DBS) have been used for serology, drug monitoring, and molecular studies. However, extracting nucleic acids from DBS remains a significant challenge, especially when attempting to implement these applications to the point-of-care (POC). To address this issue, we have developed a paper-based NAE method using cellulose filter papers (DBSFP) that operates without the need for electricity (at room temperature). Our method allows for NAE in less than 7 min, and it involves grade 3 filter paper pre-treated with 8% (v/v) igepal surfactant, 1 min washing step with 1× PBS, and 5 min incubation at room temperature in 1× TE buffer. The performance of the methodology was assessed with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), targeting the human reference gene beta-actin and the kelch 13 gene from P. falciparum. The developed method was evaluated against FTA cards and magnetic bead-based purification, using time-to-positive (min) for comparative analysis. Furthermore, we optimised our approach to take advantage of the dual functionality of the paper-based extraction, allowing for elution (eluted disk) as well as direct placement of the disk in the LAMP reaction (in situ disk). This flexibility extends to eukaryotic cells, bacterial cells, and viral particles. We successfully validated the method for RNA/DNA detection and demonstrated its compatibility with whole blood stored in anticoagulants. Additionally, we studied the compatibility of DBSFP with colorimetric and lateral flow detection, showcasing its potential for POC applications. Across various tested matrices, targets, and experimental conditions, our results were comparable to those obtained using gold standard methods, highlighting the versatility of our methodology. In summary, this manuscript presents a cost-effective solution for NAE from DBS, enabling molecular testing in virtually any POC setting. When combined with LAMP, our approach provides sample-to-result detection in under 35 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Fluorescent filter paper with pH-responsive carbon dots for the on-site detection of biogenic amines in food.
- Author
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Yan, Jianfeng, Fu, Quanbin, Zhang, Shikai, Shi, Xianbao, Zhang, Yuanhong, Hou, Juying, Duan, Junling, and Ai, Shiyun
- Subjects
- *
BIOGENIC amines , *FILTER paper , *CARBON paper , *FOOD spoilage , *FOOD safety , *DETECTION limit - Abstract
As a kind of organic basic compound containing nitrogen, biogenic amine is released from food spoilage and considered as an indicator for monitoring food freshness. Herein, an excellent dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor for eight kinds of biogenic amines was established via the facile mixing of pH-responsive carbon dots and Rhodamine B. The developed sensor shows a rapid response (10 s), low limit of detection (0.733–3.943 μM) and a wide linear range (0–150 μM). More importantly, a portable fluorescent filter paper was prepared by simple dispersing the filter paper in a solution mixture of carbon dots and Rhodamine B. The obtained fluorescent filter paper based sensor showed an obvious color change in the presence of biogenic amine vapor derived from shrimp and mushroom. The results revealed that this sensor could realize the on-site and visual detection of biogenic amines in real food samples, making it suitable for potential application in food safety monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ZnO nano grafted chitin–chitosan based hybrid composite coated super hydrophobic filter paper for water flow cleaning and oil–water separation applications.
- Author
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Selvaraj, V., Swarna Karthika, T., Mansiya, C., and Alagar, M.
- Subjects
CHITIN ,HYBRID materials ,FILTER paper ,COMPOSITE coating ,WATER filters ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
A robust superhydrophobic filter paper was developed through a coating technique, simple and facile, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and defensible, for wide portfolio applications. To develop super hydrophobic filter papers, the paper was coated with inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposites comprising zinc oxide, chitin, and polycaprolactone (chitin–ZnO–PCL) and zinc oxide, chitosan, and polycaprolactone (chitosan–ZnO–PCL) hybrids through the grafting method. The preparation of a superhydrophobic surface by dip-coating deposition is a facile process. Zinc oxide nanoparticles grafted with chitin–PCL and chitosan–PCL hybrids coated on paper exhibit superhydrophobic properties. Water contact angle measurement carried out using a goniometer showed the average static water angle values of 145° and 160° for the chitin–ZnO–PCL and chitosan–ZnO–PCL grafted hybrid coated surfaces, respectively. The surface morphology of the coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, UV radiation, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, durability, oil/water separation, bio-degradability, and self-cleaning ability through water flush-out were also studied and reported. The results show that the coated filter papers possess excellent superhydrophobic properties for real-time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Paper-based microfluidics in sweat detection: from design to application.
- Author
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Ye, Zhichao, Yuan, Yuyang, Zhan, Shaowei, Liu, Wei, Fang, Lu, and Li, Tianyu
- Subjects
MICROFLUIDIC analytical techniques ,MICROFLUIDICS ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,RESEARCH & development - Abstract
Sweat, as a sample that includes a lot of biochemical information, is good for non-invasive monitoring. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on in situ monitoring of sweat. However, there are still some challenges for the continuous analysis of samples. As a hydrophilic, easy-to-process, environmentally friendly, inexpensive and easily accessible material, paper is an ideal substrate material for making in situ sweat analysis microfluidics. This review introduces the development of paper as a sweat analysis microfluidic substrate material, focusing on the advantages of the structural characteristics of paper, trench design and equipment integration applications to expand the design and research ideas for the development of in situ sweat detection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Traffic light type paper-based analytical device for intuitive and semi-quantitative naked-eye signal readout.
- Author
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Ohta S, Hiraoka R, Hiruta Y, and Citterio D
- Subjects
- Hydrogen Peroxide, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Point-of-Care Testing, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Paper
- Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attracted great attention as potential candidates for point-of-care testing (POCT). Nevertheless, only a limited number of μPADs expected to satisfy the standard of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waived tests as issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been reported. This work introduces a "traffic light type μPAD", enabling highly intuitive semi-quantitative equipment-free naked-eye readout with no need for calibration, subjective interpretation or calculation. Assay results are displayed as traffic light colours reporting 5 analyte concentration levels (green/green & yellow/yellow/yellow & red/red). The device has been designed to never display all three colours simultaneously, eliminating any risk for misinterpretation. The mechanism relies on the modulation of sample flow through a network of paperfluidic channels modified with a hydrophobic to hydrophilic phase-switching substance responsive to H
2 O2 . User operation is limited to sample application, followed by observing a clear and time-independent traffic light signal after approximately 10-30 min. Multiple factors influencing the H2 O2 concentration-dependent appearance of a specific traffic light signal were studied. Making use of the possibilities for customising the concentration threshold levels for traffic light colour appearance, quantification of glucose at 5 levels in a clinically relevant concentration range was demonstrated in artificial urine as a model proof-of-concept. This platform is expected to offer the possibility for the future detection of other important metabolites.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Ion imprinted polymers integrated into a multi-functional microfluidic paper-based analytical device for trace cadmium detection in water.
- Author
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Hu, Jingfang, Wang, Linzhe, Song, Yu, Li, Yansheng, Shen, Yu, Gao, Guowei, Qin, Lei, Wu, Jianfeng, and Mulchandani, Ashok
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of thiram and ciprofloxacin using chitosan–silver coated paper substrates.
- Author
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Martins, Natércia C. T., Fateixa, Sara, Nogueira, Helena I. S., and Trindade, Tito
- Subjects
SERS spectroscopy ,CIPROFLOXACIN ,EMERGING contaminants ,WATER quality monitoring ,RAMAN microscopy ,MOLECULAR probes - Abstract
Fast detection of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water resources is of great environmental interest. Ideally, sustainable materials should be used in water quality monitoring technologies implemented for such purposes. In this regard, the application of bio-based materials aimed at the fabrication of analytical platforms has become of great importance. This research merges both endeavors by exploring the application of chitosan-coated paper, decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy studies of two distinct types of CECs dissolved in aqueous samples: an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and a pesticide (thiram). Our results indicate the superior SERS performance of biocoated substrates compared to their non-coated paper counterparts. The detection limits achieved for thiram and ciprofloxacin using the biocoated substrates were 0.024 ppm and 7.7 ppm, respectively. The efficient detection of both analytes is interpreted in terms of the role of the biopolymer in promoting AgNPs assemblies that result in local regions of enhanced SERS activity. Taking advantage of these observations, we use confocal Raman microscopy to obtain Raman images of the substrates using ciprofloxacin and thiram as molecular probes. We also demonstrate that these biobased substrates can be promising for on-site analysis when used in conjunction with portable Raman instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Microfluidic paper-based analytical device with a preconcentration system for the measurement of anionic surfactants using an optode detector.
- Author
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Zhu, Shengji and Masadome, Takashi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. An origami paper-based analytical device for DNA damage analysis.
- Author
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Xue W, Dan Zhao, Zhang Q, Chang Y, and Liu M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, DNA chemistry, DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase chemistry, Fluoresceins chemistry, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Immobilized Nucleic Acids analysis, Immobilized Nucleic Acids chemistry, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Microscopy, Confocal instrumentation, Microscopy, Confocal methods, Microscopy, Fluorescence instrumentation, Microscopy, Fluorescence methods, Zebrafish, DNA analysis, DNA Damage, Paper
- Abstract
Detection and characterization of DNA damage plays a critical role in genotoxicity testing, drug screening, and environmental health. We developed a fully integrated origami paper-based analytical device (oPAD) for measuring DNA damage. This simple device allows on-paper cell lysis, DNA extraction, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction and signal readout with simple operation steps, enabling rapid (within 30 min) and high throughput assessment of multiple DNA damages induced by exogenous chemical agents.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper.
- Author
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Du, Jiehao, Cheng, Banggui, Jiang, Long, and Han, Zhiji
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *ELECTROLYTIC reduction , *PHENANTHROLINE , *CARBON electrodes , *COPPER , *LIGANDS - Abstract
We report a series of structurally relevant copper phenanthroline complexes as pre-catalysts for highly selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2 products using inexpensive carbon paper electrodes. The Cu complexes with non-substituted phenanthroline promote the production of ethylene with a high faradaic efficiency of 71.2%, while the one with pyridinium-functionalized ligands is more selective for ethanol. The C2 selectivity can be effectively tuned by increasing the number of coordinated phenanthrolines and remains high at a wide range of potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Controllable preparation of 2D carbon paper modified with flower-like WS2 for efficient microwave absorption.
- Author
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Hao Chen, Yuming Zhou, Meiyun Zhang, Shuangjiang Feng, Xiaohai Bu, Zewu Zhang, and Man He
- Subjects
- *
CARBON paper , *MULTIPLE scattering (Physics) , *MICROWAVES , *COMPOSITE coating , *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves - Abstract
In the practical application of microwave absorbing materials, traditional powder materials need to be mixed with the matrix to fabricate composite coatings. However, the complex preparation process of composite coatings and the uneven dispersion of powders in the matrix limit their application. To solve these problems, two-dimensional (2D) F-WS2/CP composite films were prepared by using carbon paper (CP) as a dispersion matrix and loading flower-like WS2 on its surface through a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and microwave absorption (MA) performance of the composite films are easily regulated by adjusting the amount of reaction precursors. The combination of WS2 and CP facilitates impedance matching and improves the electromagnetic wave attenuation performance based on the synergistic effect of different loss mechanisms including multiple reflections and scattering, interfacial polarization, dipolar polarization, and conduction loss. At a low filler content (5 wt%), the maximum reflection loss (RL) of the composite film is up to -50 dB (99.999% energy absorption) at 12.5 GHz with 2.8 mm thickness. Moreover, at a relatively thin 1.8 mm thickness, its maximum RL remains -35 dB (>99.9% energy absorption). The as-prepared composite film shows excellent MA properties at a thinner thickness and lower filling content, providing inspiration for the preparation of light weight and efficient 2D thin-film microwave absorbers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Materials Horizons 2023 Outstanding Paper awards.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
34. 2023 Outstanding Papers published in the Environmental Science journals of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Author
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Cai Z, Donahue N, Gagnon G, Jones KC, Manaia C, Sunderland E, and Vikesland PJ
- Subjects
- Societies, Scientific, Periodicals as Topic, Environmental Science
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A paper-based dual functional biosensor for safe and user-friendly point-of-care urine analysis.
- Author
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Li Y, Kong Y, Hu Y, Li Y, Asrosa R, Zhang W, Deka Boruah B, Yetisen AK, Davenport A, Lee TC, and Li B
- Abstract
Safe, accurate, and reliable analysis of urinary biomarkers is clinically important for early detection and monitoring of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as it has become one of the world's most prevalent non-communicable diseases. However, current technologies for measuring urinary biomarkers are either time-consuming and limited to well-equipped hospitals or lack the necessary sensitivity for quantitative analysis and post a health risk to frontline practitioners. Here we report a robust paper-based dual functional biosensor, which is integrated with the clinical urine sampling vial, for the simultaneous and quantitative analysis of pH and glucose in urine. The pH sensor was fabricated by electrochemically depositing IrOx onto a paper substrate using optimised parameters, which enabled an ultrahigh sensitivity of 71.58 mV pH
-1 . Glucose oxidase (GOx) was used in combination with an electrochemically deposited Prussian blue layer for the detection of glucose, and its performance was enhanced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), chitosan, and graphite composites, achieving a sensitivity of 1.5 μA mM-1 . This dual function biosensor was validated using clinical urine samples, where a correlation coefficient of 0.96 for pH and 0.98 for glucose detection was achieved with commercial methods as references. More importantly, the urine sampling vial was kept sealed throughout the sample-to-result process, which minimised the health risk to frontline practitioners and simplified the diagnostic procedures. This diagnostic platform, therefore, holds high promise as a rapid, accurate, safe, and user-friendly point-of-care (POC) technology for the analysis of urinary biomarkers in frontline clinical settings.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A novel ratiometric design of microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the simultaneous detection of Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ in drinking water using a fluorescent MOF@tetracycline nanocomposite.
- Author
-
Al-Jaf SH, Mohammed Ameen SS, and Omer KM
- Subjects
- Microfluidics, Ecosystem, Tetracycline, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Fluorescent Dyes, Drinking Water
- Abstract
The regular and on-site monitoring of ions in drinking water is essential for safeguarding public health, ensuring high water quality, and preserving the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, developing a portable analytical device for the rapid, cost-effective, and visual on-site detection of multiple environmental pollutants is notably significant. In the present work, a novel ratiometric microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was designed and developed for the simultaneous detection of Fe
3+ and Cu2+ ions in water samples taking advantages from built-in masking zone. The μPAD was functionalized with a greenish-yellow fluorescent Zn-based metal-organic framework@tetracycline (FMOF-5@TC) nanocomposite, and the ratiometric design was based on the change in emission color from greenish yellow (FMOF-5@TC) to blue (FMOF-5). The μPAD consisted of one sample zone linked to two detection zones via two channels: the first channel was for the detection of both ions, while the second was intended for detecting only Cu2+ ions and comprised a built-in masking zone to remove Fe3+ ions prior to reaching the detection zone. The corresponding color changes were recorded with the aid of a smartphone and RGB calculations. The linear ranges were 0.1-80 μM for Cu2+ and 0.2-160 μM for Fe3+ , with limits of detection of 0.027 and 0.019 μM, respectively. The simple μPAD design enabled the simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions in drinking water samples with excellent accuracy and precision, with spike recoveries of 81.28-96.36% and 83.01-102.33% for Cu2+ and Fe3+ , respectively.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Distance-based paper analytical device for multiplexed quantification of cytokine biomarkers using carbon dots integrated with molecularly imprinted polymer.
- Author
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Khachornsakkul K, Del-Rio-Ruiz R, Chheang L, Zeng W, and Sonkusale S
- Subjects
- Humans, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Carbon, Cytokines, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Limit of Detection, Biomarkers, Fluorescent Dyes, Quantum Dots, Molecular Imprinting methods
- Abstract
This article introduces distance-based paper analytical devices (dPADs) integrated with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and carbon dots (CDs) for simultaneous quantification of cytokine biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human biological samples for diagnosis of cytokine syndrome. Using fluorescent CDs and MIP technology, the dPAD exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity. Detection is based on fluorescence quenching of CDs achieved through the interaction of the target analytes with the MIP layer on the paper substrate. Quantitative analysis is easily accomplished by measuring the distance length of quenched fluorescence with a traditional ruler and naked eye readout enabling rapid diagnosis of cytokine syndrome and the underlying infection. Our sensor demonstrated linear ranges of 2.50-24.0 pg mL
-1 ( R2 = 0.9974), 0.25-3.20 pg mL-1 ( R2 = 0.9985), and 1.50-16.0 pg mL-1 ( R2 = 0.9966) with detection limits (LODs) of 2.50, 0.25, and 1.50 pg mL-1 for CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, respectively. This sensor also demonstrated remarkable selectivity compared to a sensor employing a non-imprinted polymer (NIP), and precision with the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.14%. The sensor is more accessible compared to prior methods relying on expensive reagents and instruments and complex fabrication methods. Furthermore, the assay provided notable accuracy for monitoring these biomarkers in various human samples with recovery percentages ranging between 99.22% and 103.58%. By integrating microfluidic systems, nanosensing, and MIPs technology, our developed dPADs hold significant potential as a cost-effective and user-friendly analytical method for point-of-care diagnostics (POC) of cytokine-related disorders. This concept can be further extended to developing diagnostic devices for other biomarkers.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Smartphone-based paper strip assay for putrescine and spermidine detection using hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite with Eu 3+ complex.
- Author
-
Truong TT, Huy BT, Huong LTC, Truong HB, and Lee YI
- Abstract
A new method utilizing fluorescent ratiometry is proposed for detecting putrescine and spermidine. The method involves the use of a fluorescent probe comprising a 2D halide perovskite synthesized from octadecylamine-iodine and PbI
2 via a grinding-sonicating technique, along with a Eu3+ -complex. Upon excitation at 290 nm, the probe fluoresces at two distinguishable wavelengths. The addition of putrescine and spermidine significantly decreases the emission of the 2D halide perovskite at 496 nm, while the emission of the Eu3+ -complex at 618 nm remains stable. The color changes of the probe depend on the concentration of putrescine and spermidine, and the assay offers linearity over a wide concentration range (30-4000 ng mL-1 ), a low detection limit (4 ng mL-1 for spermidine), and a quick response time. Furthermore, a portable device based on a smartphone can be used to record the color change of the paper test strip using the prepared fluorescent materials. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of the probe is explained as dynamic quenching.-1 for spermidine), and a quick response time. Furthermore, a portable device based on a smartphone can be used to record the color change of the paper test strip using the prepared fluorescent materials. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of the probe is explained as dynamic quenching.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A disposable paper-based electrochemical biosensor decorated by electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers for highly sensitive bio-detection.
- Author
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Zhang Z, Du M, Cheng X, Dou X, Zhou J, Wu J, Xie X, and Zhu M
- Subjects
- Cellulose chemistry, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Nanofibers chemistry, Cellulose analogs & derivatives, Biosensing Techniques methods, Escherichia coli O157
- Abstract
Paper-based electrochemical sensors have the characteristics of flexibility, biocompatibility, environmental protection, low cost, wide availability, and hydropathy, which make them very suitable for the development and application of biological detection. This work proposes electrospun cellulose acetate nanofiber (CA NF)-decorated paper-based screen-printed (PBSP) electrode electrochemical sensors. The CA NFs were directly collected on the PBSP electrode through an electrospinning technique at an optimized voltage of 16 kV for 10 min. The sensor was functionalized with different bio-sensitive materials for detecting different targets, and its sensing capability was evaluated by CV, DPV, and chronoamperometry methods. The test results demonstrated that the CA NFs enhanced the detection sensitivity of the PBSP electrode, and the sensor showed good stability, repeatability, and specificity ( p < 0.01, N = 3). The electrochemical sensing of the CA NF-decorated PBSP electrode exhibited a short detection duration of ∼5-7 min and detection ranges of 1 nmol mL
-1 -100 μmol mL-1 , 100 fg mL-1 -10 μg mL-1 , and 1.5 × 102 -106 CFU mL-1 and limits of detection of 0.71 nmol mL-1 , 89.1 fg mL-1 , and 30 CFU mL-1 for glucose, Ag85B protein, and E. coli O157:H7 , respectively. These CA NF-decorated PBSP sensors can be used as a general electrochemical tool to detect, for example, organic substances, proteins, and bacteria, which are expected to achieve point-of-care testing of pathogenic microorganisms and have wide application prospects in biomedicine, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Paper spray mass spectrometry combined with machine learning as a rapid diagnostic for chronic kidney disease.
- Author
-
Pereira I, Sboto JNS, Robinson JL, and Gill CG
- Abstract
A new analytical method for chronic kidney disease (CKD) detection utilizing paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) combined with machine learning is presented. The analytical protocol is rapid and simple, based on metabolic profile alterations in urine. Anonymized raw urine samples were deposited (10 μL each) onto pointed PS-MS sample strips. Without waiting for the sample to dry, 75 μL of acetonitrile and high voltage were applied to the strips, using high resolution mass spectrometry measurement (15 s per sample) with polarity switching to detect a wide range of metabolites. Random forest machine learning was used to classify the resulting data. The diagnostic performance for the potential diagnosis of CKD was evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, achieving results >96% for the training data and >91% for validation and test data sets. Metabolites selected by the classification model as up- or down-regulated in healthy or CKD samples were tentatively identified and in agreement with previously reported literature. The potential utilization of this approach to discriminate albuminuria categories (normo, micro, and macroalbuminuria) was also demonstrated. This study indicates that PS-MS combined with machine learning has the potential to be used as a rapid and simple diagnostic tool for CKD.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Ultrasensitive amplification-free detection of circulating miRNA via droplet-based processing of SERS tag-miRNA-magnetic nanoparticle sandwich nanocomplexes on a paper-based electrowetting-on-dielectric platform.
- Author
-
Wang KH, Chen YY, Wang CH, Hsu KF, Chau LK, Wang SC, and Chen YL
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Electrowetting, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Limit of Detection, Gold, MicroRNAs analysis, Magnetite Nanoparticles, Biosensing Techniques methods, Circulating MicroRNA, Ovarian Neoplasms diagnosis, Metal Nanoparticles
- Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising class of biomarkers for early detection of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. However, quantifying miRNAs in human blood samples is challenging owing to the issues of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, hsa-miR-200a-3p of the miR-200a sub-family, which is a biomarker of ovarian cancer, was used as the analyte to demonstrate the analytical capability of an integrated biosensing platform using an extremely sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag-nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), a pair of highly specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes, and a semi-automated paper-based electrowetting-on-dielectric (pEWOD) device to provide labor-less and thorough sample cleanup and recovery. A sandwich approach where NAEBs are modified by one LNA-1 probe and MNPs are modified by another LNA-2 probe was applied. Then, the target analyte miRNA-200a-3p was introduced to form a sandwich nanocomplex through hybridization with the pair of LNA probes. The pEWOD device was used to achieve short cleanup time and good recovery of the nanocomplex, bringing the total analysis time to less than 30 min. The detection limit of this approach can reach 0.26 fM through SERS detection. The versatility of this method without the need for RNA extraction from clinical samples is expected to have good potential in detecting other miRNAs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Click chemistry modifications for the selective crosslinking of wood pulp fibers - effect on the physical and mechanical properties of paper.
- Author
-
Blal A, Brouillette F, Loranger É, and Lebrun G
- Abstract
The Cu(i)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition click chemistry reaction is of particular interest in the production of paper sheets or natural fiber composites since it leads to the formation of chemically stable bonds between two fibers. This study focuses on the click chemistry modification of kraft pulp fibers. We based our approach on prior research that treated kraft fibers using click chemistry, including propargylation and tosylation reactions. Our focus was on enhancing these treatments to achieve better final sheet properties. After the azidation of tosylated fibers, the crosslinking is carried out with and without a catalyst using water as a solvent to form enhanced kraft fiber sheets. The chemical characterization and the mechanical properties of fibers obtained at intermediate stages confirmed the presence of various functions on the surface of the modified fibers, with a very high degree of substitution and the inter-fiber cross-linking by click chemistry. The presence of inter-fibers covalent bonds led to significant improvements in the mechanical strength and tensile stiffness of the sheets., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An innovative transportable immune device for the recognition of α-synuclein using KCC-1- nPr -CS 2 modified silver nano-ink: integration of pen-on-paper technology with biosensing toward early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
- Author
-
Saadati A, Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M, and Shadjou N
- Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness, is a neurological ailment that produces unintentional or uncontrolled body movements, which should be diagnosed in its early stages to hinder the progression. Monitoring the concentration of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in body fluids can be one of the most efficient ways for PD early detection. In this work, a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor was designed for α-Syn bio-assay in human plasma samples based on encapsulation of the biotinylated antibody on novel dendritic fibrous nanosilica ((KCC-1- nPr -CS
2 )-Ab). For this purpose, a three-electrode system was prepared using stabilization of silver nano-ink on photographic paper. Then, the (KCC-1-NH-CS2 )-Ab was immobilized on its surface and used to detect the target antigen (α-Syn). After characterization of the prepared substrate by FE-SEM and EDS, the redox behavior of the biosensor was evaluated using chronoamperometry techniques. Under optimal experimental conditions and using a label-free strategy, the engineered immunosensor showed a linear relationship between peak current and antigen concentration in the linear range from 0.002 to 128 ng mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.002 ng mL-1 . Moreover, this work involves unprecedented use of conductive nano-inks for the manufacture of α-Syn immunosensor, which is aided by the use of a mesoporous silicate dendrimer in encapsulating the α-Syn antibody, thus offering a robust and simple point-of-care device for early PD diagnosis. The ability of the proposed platform to detect small amounts of α-Syn offers a promising approach to developing low-cost, sensitive, and transportable biosensors for Parkinson's disease screening in its early stages., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Optical dِِِِiscrimination of histamine and ethylenediamine in meat samples using a colorimetric affordable test strip (CATS): introducing a novel lab-on paper sensing strategy for low-cost ensuring food safety by rapid and accurate monitoring of biogenic amines.
- Author
-
Saadati A, Farshchi F, Jafari M, Kholafazad H, Hasanzadeh M, and Shadjou N
- Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are a group of organic compounds that are produced through the decarboxylation of amino acids by microorganisms. These compounds are commonly found in a variety of foods and are known to cause adverse health effects if consumed in high concentrations. Therefore, the development of sensitive and rapid detection methods for detection and determination of BAs is essential for ensuring food safety. In this study, a novel colorimetric affordable test strip (CATS) was developed for the colorimetric and naked-eye detection of two BAs of ethylenediamine (EDA) and histamine (HIS) in meat samples. Also, triangular silver nanoparticles (AgNPrs) were used as a diagnostic optical probe, and CATS used as a simple, environmentally friendly, inexpensive diagnostic substrate for on - site recognition of meat spoil. The AgNPrs-based optosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity towards EDA and HIS, allowing for the detection of low concentrations of the BAs in real food samples such as raw chicken and beef. The system presented a UV-vis technique for HIS and EDA analysis in the linear range of 0.1 μM to 0.01 mM, with an LLOQ of 0.1 μM, and 0.05 to 1 μM, with an LLOQ of 0.05 μM, respectively. Additionally, the performance of the designed CATS in the analysis of produced gases was evaluated, highlighting the potential of this simple and cost-effective strategy for the development of BAs diagnostic kits. This approach provides a simple and cost-effective method for detecting BAs in food, which could be beneficial for ensuring food safety and preventing the harmful effects associated with their consumption., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Simple colorimetric paper-based test strip for point-of-use quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers.
- Author
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El-Hassanein AM, Mansour FR, Hammad SF, and Abdella AA
- Abstract
A novel, simple, affordable, and reliable colorimetric paper-based analytical device (PAD) was developed for the point-of-use quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers, mainly against adulteration by water. The principle was based on the novel solvatochromism of methylparaben (MPB)-Fe
3+ complex, where water is essential for complex formation and ethanol is necessary for MPB solubility. The intensity of the formed violet color, measured at 528 nm, showed a good correlation ( R2 ions and MPB on chitosan-modified filter paper. The developed PAD was successfully applied for the quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers using an established color index, where clearly distinct colors were observed as a function of the percentage ethanol (0-100%). The developed test strips could achieve on-site lab-quality results without expensive or sophisticated instruments using a few milligrams of FeCl3+ and MPB in addition to regular filter paper. Accordingly, it can be used as a test strip for the quality checking of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by end users.3 and MPB in addition to regular filter paper. Accordingly, it can be used as a test strip for the quality checking of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by end users., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced this work., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on carbon dots modified with Eu 3+ for the selective detection of tetracycline in seafood aquaculture water.
- Author
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Qi J, Miao Q, Deng D, He H, Yan X, and Luo L
- Subjects
- Carbon, Tetracycline, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Spectrometry, Fluorescence methods, Fluorescent Dyes, Seafood, Limit of Detection, Water, Quantum Dots
- Abstract
Paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors are normally prepared using two or more types of fluorescent materials on a paper chip for simple, low-cost and fast detection. However, the choice of multi-step and one-step modifications on the paper chip affects the analytical performance. Herein, a novel paper-based dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor was designed for the selective detection of tetracycline (TC). Carbon dots (CDs) modified with Eu
3+ were combined with a sealed paper-based microfluidic chip by two methods: one-step grafting of CDs-Eu3+ on paper and step-by-step grafting of CDs and Eu3+ on paper. The analytical performance was studied and optimized respectively. The red fluorescence of Eu3+ at 450 nm is enhanced and the blue fluorescence of CDs at 617 nm is quenched by energy transfer in the presence of TC. Under optimal conditions, TC is selectively determined in the linear range from 0.1 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.03 μM by the step-by-step grafting method. In addition, the sealed paper chip could effectively prevent pollution and volatilization from the reagent. This technique has been used to analyze TC in seafood aquaculture water with satisfactory results.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Enzyme-accelerated CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) using paper and pulp residues as co-sequestrating agents.
- Author
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De Oliveira Maciel A, Christakopoulos P, Rova U, and Antonopoulou I
- Abstract
In the present work, four CaCO
3 -rich solid residues from the pulp and paper industry (lime mud, green liquor sludge, electrostatic precipitator dust, and lime dregs) were assessed for their potential as co-sequestrating agents in carbon capture. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was added to promote both CO2 hydration and residue mineral dissolution, offering an enhancement in CO2 -capture yield under atmospheric (up to 4-fold) and industrial-gas mimic conditions (up to 2.2-fold). Geological CO2 storage using olivine as a reference material was employed in two stages: one involving mineral dissolution, with leaching of Mg2+ and SiO2 from olivine; and the second involving mineral carbonation, converting Mg2+ and bicarbonate to MgCO3 as a permanent storage form of CO2 . The results showed an enhanced carbonation yield up to 6.9%, when CA was added in the prior CO2 -capture step. The proposed route underlines the importance of the valorization of industrial residues toward achieving neutral, or even negative emissions in the case of bioenergy-based plants, without the need for energy-intensive compression and long-distance transport of the captured CO2 . This is a proof of concept for an integrated strategy in which a biocatalyst is applied as a CO2 -capture promoter while CO2 storage can be done near industrial sites with adequate geological characteristics., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle modified N, P co-doped carbon paper as sodium carrier to construct stable anodes for Na-metal batteries.
- Author
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Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li L, and Guo J
- Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal batteries such as Na-ion batteries and Na-CO
2 batteries are considered to be excellent alternatives to lithium batteries in terms of their potential applications because of their high specific capacity and low cost. However, the sodium anode showed low efficiency and poor cycling in Na-metal battery performance due to the formation of sodium dendrites and serious corrosion. In this work, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) co-doped carbon paper (NP-CP) modified with cobalt tetroxide (Co3 O4 ) nanoparticles was prepared as the Na anode carrier (Co3 O4 @NP-CP), and a sodium-based composite anode (Na-Co@NP-CP) was further prepared by electrodepositing sodium. The experimental results indicate that the N, P and Co3 O4 multi-doped carbon paper has good sodiophilicity, which can induce the uniform plating/stripping of Na+ ions and inhibit the growth of Na dendrites. The N, P doped carbon paper provides a high surface area and tremendous three-dimensional (3D) framework to effectively reduce the areal current density, facilitate the transfer of electrons, and enhance battery life. Therefore, Na-Co@NP-CP based symmetric cells exhibit stable cycling of over 1100 hours at current densities of 1 mA cm-2 and fixed capacity of 1 mA h cm-2 . When the Na-Co@NP-CP anode couples with CO2 , the assembled batteries can deliver a stable cycling of 165 cycles at current densities of 500 mA g-1 and limited capacity of 500 mA h g-1 . When Na-Co@NP-CP anode couples with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 (NVP) cathode, the assembled cells exhibit lower hysteresis and batter cycling performance., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. All-in-one detection of breast cancer-derived exosomal miRNA on a pen-based paper chip.
- Author
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Guo S, Xie H, Zhao X, He H, Feng X, Li Y, Liu BF, and Chen P
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Limit of Detection, MicroRNAs genetics, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Biosensing Techniques methods, Exosomes genetics
- Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication, regulating gene expression in target cells, and hold significant promise as cancer biomarkers for early detection and screening. However, achieving precise and viable detection of exosomal miRNAs remains a challenge. This paper proposes an all-in-one detection strategy for breast cancer-derived exosomal miRNA-21 on a pen-based paper chip (PPC). The PPC is constructed using a modified automatic pen and lateral flow assay (LFA), which results in a cost-effective fabrication process. The user only needs to add the sample and trigger the top of the self-contained PPC after a period of time to complete the entire detection process. To enhance the sensitivity of exosomal miRNA testing, an enzyme-free catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) is further introduced, enabling highly sensitive detection of miRNA-21 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 fmol. Additionally, the detection of miRNAs in differentially-expressed cells and clinical samples has also been successfully achieved with high specificity. Overall, the proposed PPC provides an effective tool for detecting early cancer, monitoring diseases, and establishing point of care testing (POCT).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Simultaneous quantitation of urinary albumin and creatinine for rapid clinical albuminuria diagnostics using high-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Pereira I, Robinson JL, and Gill CG
- Subjects
- Humans, Creatinine urine, Urinalysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Albuminuria diagnosis, Kidney
- Abstract
Albuminuria is a clinical condition associated with poor kidney function, diagnosed by determining the ratio of albumin to creatinine concentrations in patient urine samples. We present a high-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of urinary albumin and creatinine for potential diagnosis of albuminuria. Minimal (urine dilution) or no sample preparation is required. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated, achieving linear calibration curves ( R
2 > 0.99) with little inter-day variability in the slope ( N = 5 days), exhibiting coefficient of variation (CV) of 8% and 3% for albumin and creatinine, respectively. LOD and LOQ for albumin were 2.1 and 7.0 mg L-1 , and for creatinine were 0.01 and 0.03 mmol L-1 , respectively. Intra- and inter-day ( N = 5) precisions (%CV) and accuracies (%bias) were <10% and ±11%, respectively, for both analytes. The method was applied to determine albumin-to-creatinine ratios in anonymous human patient urine samples ( N = 56), and a correlation of R2 = 0.9744 was achieved between the PS-MS results and validated clinical method results. This work demonstrates the utility of PS-MS to simultaneously quantify a large (albumin) and a small (creatinine) molecule directly in patient urine samples, and its potential as a tool for clinical albuminuria diagnostics.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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