Simple colorimetric paper-based test strip for point-of-use quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers.

A novel, simple, affordable, and reliable colorimetric paper-based analytical device (PAD) was developed for the point-of-use quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers, mainly against adulteration by water. The principle was based on the novel solvatochromism of methylparaben (MPB)-Fe ³⁺ complex, where water is essential for complex formation and ethanol is necessary for MPB solubility. The intensity of the formed violet color, measured at 528 nm, showed a good correlation ( R ² = 0.996) with the percentage water in the reaction media over a range from 40% to 100% (0-60% ethanol), with excellent accuracy and precision as indicated by the percent recovery within 100.00% ± 2% and %RSD of <2%. A PAD was prepared by the sequential immobilization of Fe ³⁺ ions and MPB on chitosan-modified filter paper. The developed PAD was successfully applied for the quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers using an established color index, where clearly distinct colors were observed as a function of the percentage ethanol (0-100%). The developed test strips could achieve on-site lab-quality results without expensive or sophisticated instruments using a few milligrams of FeCl ₃ and MPB in addition to regular filter paper. Accordingly, it can be used as a test strip for the quality checking of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by end users.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced this work.
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