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Fe3O4@TiO2@MoS2 with POD-like properties, photocatalytic activity, and paramagnetic properties were prepared. Fe3O4@TiO2@MoS2 has a good synergistic antibacterial effect against both ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and MRSA and can be reused.

Current systemic treatments for children younger than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis that is uncontrolled with topical therapies might have suboptimal efficacy and safety. Dupilumab is approved for older children and adults with atopic dermatitis and for other type 2 inflammatory conditions. We aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant low-potency topical corticosteroids in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 trial was conducted in 31 hospitals, clinics, and academic institutions in Europe and North America. Eligible patients were aged 6 months to younger than 6 years, with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] score 3-4) diagnosed according to consensus criteria of the American Academy of Dermatology, and an inadequate response to topical corticosteroids. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to subcutaneous placebo or dupilumab (bodyweight ≥5 kg to15 kg: 200 mg; bodyweight ≥15 kg to30 kg: 300 mg) every 4 weeks plus low-potency topical corticosteroids (hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream) for 16 weeks. Randomisation was stratified by age, baseline bodyweight, and region. Patient allocation was done via a central interactive web response system, and treatment allocation was masked. The primary endpoint at week 16 was the proportion of patients with IGA score 0-1 (clear or almost clear skin). The key secondary endpoint (coprimary endpoint for the EU and EU reference market) at week 16 was the proportion of patients with at least a 75% improvement from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75). Primary analyses were done in the full analysis set (ie, all randomly assigned patients, as randomly assigned) and safety analyses were done in all patients who received any study drug. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03346434.Between June 30, 2020, and Feb 12, 2021, 197 patients were screened for eligibility, 162 of whom were randomly assigned to receive dupilumab (n=83) or placebo (n=79) plus topical corticosteroids. At week 16, significantly more patients in the dupilumab group than in the placebo group had IGA 0-1 (23 [28%] vs three [4%], difference 24% [95% CI 13-34]; p0·0001) and EASI-75 (44 [53%] vs eight [11%], difference 42% [95% CI 29-55]; p0·0001). Overall prevalence of adverse events was similar in the dupilumab group (53 [64%] of 83 patients) and placebo group (58 [74%] of 78 patients). Conjunctivitis incidence was higher in the dupilumab group (four [5%]) than the placebo group (none). No dupilumab-related adverse events were serious or led to treatment discontinuation.Dupilumab significantly improved atopic dermatitis signs and symptoms versus placebo in children younger than 6 years. Dupilumab was well tolerated and showed an acceptable safety profile, similar to results in older children and adults.Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

The content of Cu2+ in lubricants is an essential indicator for determining the quality of the lubricant and predicting mechanical failure. Finding an effective and sensitive method for detecting Cu2+ in lubricants is of great importance in oil monitoring. In this work, AgInS2 (AIS) and AgInS2-ZnS (ZAIS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple one-step approach via in-situ surface modification by oleylamine. The as-synthesized AIS and ZAIS NPs exhibit good dispersion stability in various apolar media. The photoluminescence (PL) of AIS and ZAIS NPs as lubricating additives could reflect and monitor the lubrication state of steel-copper pairs due to the quenching effect of Cu2+ from the friction process. With an optimum concentration of 0.5 wt% in paraffin oil, the friction coefficient of the AIS and ZAIS NPs at 100 N was decreased by 56.8 and 52.1% for steel-steel contacts, respectively. ZAIS was observed to be more effective than AIS in improving anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties, with a load-bearing capacity of up to 1100 N. Characterization of the wear tracks by SEM and XPS indicates that a tribofilm composed of metal sulfides and oxides was formed during the lubricating process. This work not only reveals AIS and ZAIS NPs as a new class of promising candidates for lubricating additives but also unveils their potential for monitoring lubricant conditions and exploring lubricant service life.

Whether and how the interhemispheric pathway is involved in post-injury motor recovery is controversial. Unidirectional chemogenetic blockade of the interhemispheric pathway from the contralesional to ipsilesional premotor cortex impaired dexterous hand movements during the early recovery stage after lesioning the lateral corticospinal tract in macaques. Furthermore, electrocorticographical recording showed that the low frequency band activity of the ipsilesional premotor cortex around the movement onset was decreased by the blockade during the early recovery stage, while it was increased by blockade during the intact state and the late recovery stage. These results demonstrate that the action of the interhemispheric pathway changed from inhibition to facilitation, leading to the involvement of the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex in hand movements during the early recovery stage. The present study offers new insights into the state-dependent role of the interhemispheric pathway and a therapeutic target in the early recovery stage after lesioning of the corticospinal tract.

As one of the most induced genes in activated macrophages, immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) encodes a mitochondrial metabolic enzyme catalysing the production of itaconic acid (ITA). Although ITA has an anti-inflammatory property, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ITA is a potent inhibitor of the TET-family DNA dioxygenases. ITA binds to the same site on TET2 as the co-substrate α-ketoglutarate, inhibiting TET2 catalytic activity. Lipopolysaccharide treatment, which induces Irg1 expression and ITA accumulation, inhibits Tet activity in macrophages. Transcriptome analysis reveals that TET2 is a major target of ITA in suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced genes, including those regulated by the NF-κB and STAT signalling pathways. In vivo, ITA decreases the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pulmonary oedema as well as lung and liver injury, and protects mice against lethal endotoxaemia, depending on the catalytic activity of Tet2. Our study thus identifies ITA as an immune modulatory metabolite that selectively inhibits TET enzymes to dampen the inflammatory responses.

Background It has been reported that metal exposure is associated with the risk of diabetes, but the results are inconsistent.The relationship between diabetes and a single metal might be attenuated or strengthened due to the complex interactions of metals and the chronic diseases comorbidity (especially in the elderly). However, the evidence of multiple metal exposure effect in participants with diabetes only is limited, particularly in the elderly. The present case-control study of 188 diabetic and 376 healthy participants aimed to evaluate the potential relationships between the concentrations of 9 metals in urine and the risk of diabetes and to access the interactive effects of metals in Chinese community-dwelling elderly. Methods The urine levels of 9 metals (cobalt, zinc, copper, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tellurium, thallium, lead) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 564 adults recruited from Yinchuan Community Health Service Center (Yinchuan, China).Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to explore the associations and dose-response relationships of urine metals with diabetes. To analysis of multi-metal exposures and diabetes risk, weighted quantile sum regression Models (WQS) and the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model were applied. Results The concentrations of cobalt, zinc, copper, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, tellurium, thallium and lead were higher in the diabetes group (p P-overall P-nonlinear

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is favorable for antibacterial infection but its overproduction results in serious inflammatory response and aggravates hypoxic state of wound tissue, which would be detrimental to healing stages of proliferation and remodeling. Here, an atomic-dispersion iron (Fe)-doped oxygen-deficient molybdenum oxide MoO

The impact of regional trade shocks on population health has been a topic of interest in health economics in recent years. Unfortunately, there are few studies directly discussing the impact of regional trade shocks caused by China’s WTO accession on the health of Chinese residents, which is essential to explore the connection between a country´s opening to international trade and the health of its residents. Taking China’s accession to the WTO as a quasi-natural experiment, based on the micro individual samples of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1993 to 2011, this paper, for the first time, studies the impact of regional tariff uncertainty caused by China’s accession to the WTO on the health of Chinese residents and its mechanisms by adopting the Difference-in-Difference (DID) model. The study finds that compared with the areas initially facing low tariff uncertainty, the areas with high initial tariff uncertainty have a greater negative impact on the health of residents after China acceded to WTO, which means that the trade shock caused damage to the health of residents. After a series of tests on the effectiveness and robustness of DID, this conclusion is still valid. The impact of the trade shock on residents’ health varies with the type of residence, gender, and geographical location, and there is a nonlinear relationship. Further mechanism tests show that the trade shock has worsened the health status of residents through rural migration channels, working hours channels, and pollution emission channels. This study provides micro evidence for objectively evaluating the health effects of trade shock and has important implication for considering the health loss of Chinese residents in the process of trade liberalization.

The impact of regional trade shocks on population health has been a topic of interest in health economics in recent years. Unfortunately, there are few studies directly discussing the impact of regional trade shocks caused by China’s WTO accession on the health of Chinese residents, which is essential to explore the connection between a country´s opening to international trade and the health of its residents. Taking China’s accession to the WTO as a quasi-natural experiment, based on the micro individual samples of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1993 to 2011, this paper, for the first time, studies the impact of regional tariff uncertainty caused by China’s accession to the WTO on the health of Chinese residents and its mechanisms by adopting the Difference-in-Difference (DID) model. The study finds that compared with the areas initially facing low tariff uncertainty, the areas with high initial tariff uncertainty have a greater negative impact on the health of residents after China acceded to WTO, which means that the trade shock caused damage to the health of residents. After a series of tests on the effectiveness and robustness of DID, this conclusion is still valid. The impact of the trade shock on residents’ health varies with the type of residence, gender, and geographical location, and there is a nonlinear relationship. Further mechanism tests show that the trade shock has worsened the health status of residents through rural migration channels, working hours channels, and pollution emission channels. This study provides micro evidence for objectively evaluating the health effects of trade shock and has important implication for considering the health loss of Chinese residents in the process of trade liberalization.

One of the main challenges of the low frequency, broadband and strong sound absorption performance of an anechoic coating is the design of the cavity section shape. A generative-based design method was investigated in this study. Two generative-based models were trained to design the cavity section shape of anechoic coatings with a highly efficient absorption coefficient. The design results were compared in terms of mode collapse and average sound absorption coefficients. The results show that the WGAN-GP model can stably generate 100 new designs in only 3 seconds, dramatically speeding up the design process.

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) catalyze DNA methylation, and their functions in mammalian embryonic development and diseases including cancer have been extensively studied. However, regulation of DNMTs remains under study. Here, we show that CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA) interacts with the long splice isoform DNMT3A, but not the short isoform DNMT3A2. CEBPA, by interacting with DNMT3A N-terminus, blocks DNMT3A from accessing DNA substrate and thereby inhibits its activity. Recurrent tumor-associated CEBPA mutations, such as preleukemic CEBPA N321D mutation, which is particularly potent in causing AML with high mortality, disrupt DNMT3A association and cause aberrant DNA methylation, notably hypermethylation of PRC2 target genes. Consequently, leukemia cells with the CEBPA N321D mutation are hypersensitive to hypomethylation agents. Our results provide insights into the functional difference between DNMT3A isoforms and the regulation of de novo DNA methylation at specific loci in the genome. Our study also suggests a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CEBPA -mutated leukemia with DNA-hypomethylating agents.

A fast, simple and environmentally friendly method for the digestion of solid samples of Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. (G. rigescens) based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) was established, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to quantify Ni, Zn, Co, Cr and Cu in DES digestion solution. Under optimized conditions, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 and 1.2-8.2 μg g

Although the relationship between trade and environment has been widely discussed in past studies, trade policy has been in a state of continuous change in recent years. Previous studies have focused on the impact of trade opening or liberalization on the environment, ignoring discussion of the dynamic changes of trade policy. Therefore, it is very important to explore the connection between trade policy changes and environmental pollution for future environmental protection. In order to realize the in-depth study of this mechanism, the paper will try to solve the following three problems: (1) What is the relationship between change in trade policy uncertainty and China’s environmental pollution? (2) What is the mechanism by which trade uncertainty changes environmental pollution? (3) Due to China’s vast territory and regional differences, will changes in trade policy uncertainty have heterogeneous effects due to regional differences? To solve these problems, based on China’s accession to the WTO at the end of 2001, this paper, for the first time, uses PM2.5 concentration data of 246 prefecture-level cities in China to explore the impact of trade policy uncertainty on China’s environmental pollution, then we make an in-depth analysis of the impact path and heterogeneity of urban spatial distribution and city size. We found that, after China’s accession to the WTO, the growth rate of PM2.5 concentration reduced in cities with lower trade policy uncertainty and the inhibition effect was different due to the spatial distribution of city size. A further mechanism test shows that reduction in trade policy uncertainty can improve environmental pollution through industrial, structural and technological effects.

With the development of human society, the shortage of traditional fossil fuels has intensified, and due to sustainable development and ecological environment, new green and pollution-free energy has entered the public’s field of vision. Thin-film solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance and low consumption of raw materials. However, some elements in raw materials are toxic and their reserves are small, which limits their large-scale popularization and use. Perovskite solar cells have attracted public attention because of their low cost and simple production process. The traditional energy content is limited, and the demand for energy is increasing with the development of the world economy, so the world is bound to face the dilemma that single fossil energy cannot meet the demand for energy for economic maintenance and development. As a clean energy, extensive use of solar energy is also an effective solution to the pollution caused by traditional energy utilization. This paper mainly analyzes the electrochemical preparation methods of perovskite solar cells, and studies its performance optimization.