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Gestational Exposure to Cyfluthrin through Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress—Mediated PERK Signaling Pathway Impairs Placental Development

Authors :
Wensi Ni
Haoxuan Gao
Bing Wu
Ji Zhao
Jian Sun
Yanan Song
Yiping Sun
Huifang Yang
Source :
Toxics, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 733 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

Cyfluthrin, a typical type II pyrethroid pesticide, is widely used in house hygiene and agricultural pest control. Several epidemiological investigations have found that maternal pyrethroid exposure is connected to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, we evaluated the effect of cyfluthrin exposure during pregnancy on placenta development in vivo. In the current study, Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight cyfluthrin or an equivalent volume of corn oil by gavage from GD0 to GD19. The results have shown that gestational exposure to cyfluthrin exerted no effect on the fetal birth defect, survival to PND4, or fetal resorption and death. However, live fetuses and implantation sites significantly decreased in the high-dose cyfluthrin-treated group. Moreover, a significant reduction in placenta weight and diameter was observed in rats. Correspondingly, the fetal weight and crown-rump length from dams exposed to cyfluthrin were reduced. Cyfluthrin-treat groups, the total area of the placenta, spongiotrophoblast area, and labyrinth area had abnormal changes. Meanwhile, the area of blood sinusoid and CD34-positive blood vessel numbers in the placenta were considerably reduced, as well as abnormal expression of placental pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in dams exposed to cyfluthrin. Further observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the ultrastructure of the medium-dose and high-dose groups. Additional experiments showed gestational exposure to cyfluthrin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of placentas, as decreased PCNA-positive cells and increased TUNEL-positive cells. Furthermore, western blot and qPCR analysis revealed that gestational exposure to medium-dose and high-dose cyfluthrin increased the expression of GRP78, and three downstream mRNA and proteins (p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP) of the PERK signaling, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in rat placentas was activated. Our study demonstrated that gestational exposure to cyfluthrin leads to placental developmental disorder, which might be associated with ER stress-mediated PERK signaling pathway.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23056304
Volume :
10
Issue :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Toxics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.5532e01f3b0545bda242a7514bb65ccb
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120733