12,530 results
Search Results
102. Visualization and mapping of global eHealth research based on keywords
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Nwagwu, Williams E. and Onyancha, Omwoyo Bosire
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- 2024
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103. Automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals for tremor detection, quantification, and differentiation.
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Rajan, Roopa, Anandapadmanabhan, Reghu, Nageswaran, Sharmila, Radhakrishnan, Vineeth, Saini, Arti, Krishnan, Syam, Gupta, Anu, Vishnu, Venugopalan Y., Pandit, Awadh K., Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Radhakrishnan, Divya M, Singh, Mamta Bhushan, Bhatia, Rohit, Srivastava, Achal, Kishore, Asha, and Padma Srivastava, M. V.
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STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TASK performance ,HANDWRITING ,ACCELEROMETERS ,DYSTONIA ,MOVEMENT disorders ,TREMOR ,DRAWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PARKINSON'S disease ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DATA analysis software ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop an automated algorithm to detect, quantify, and differentiate between tremor using pen-on-paper spirals. METHODS: Patients with essential tremor (n = 25), dystonic tremor (n = 25), Parkinson’s disease (n = 25), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 25) drew free-hand spirals. The algorithm derived the mean deviation (MD) and tremor variability from scanned images. MD and tremor variability were compared with 1) the Bain and Findley scale, 2) the Fahn–Tolosa–Marin tremor rating scale (FTM–TRS), and 3) the peak power and total power of the accelerometer spectra. Inter and intra loop widths were computed to differentiate between the tremor. RESULTS: MD was higher in the tremor group (48.9±26.3) than in HV (26.4±5.3; p < 0.001). The cut-off value of 30.3 had 80.9% sensitivity and 76.0% specificity for the detection of the tremor [area under the curve: 0.83; 95% confidence index (CI): 0.75, 0.91, p < 0.001]. MD correlated with the Bain and Findley ratings (rho = 0.491, p = 0 < 0.001), FTM–TRS part B (rho = 0.260, p = 0.032) and accelerometric measures of postural tremor (total power, rho = 0.366, p < 0.001; peak power, rho = 0.402, p < 0.001). Minimum Detectable Change was 19.9%. Inter loop width distinguished Parkinson’s disease spirals from dystonic tremor (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 54.6, 211.1), essential tremor (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 28.5, 184.9), or HV (p = 0.036, 95% CI: -160.4, -3.9). CONCLUSION: The automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals generated robust variables to quantify the tremor and putative variables to distinguish them from each other. SIGNIFICANCE: This technique maybe useful for epidemiological surveys and follow-up studies on tremor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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104. Handling missing data through prevention strategies in self-administered questionnaires: a discussion paper.
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Audet, Li-Anne, Desmarais, Michèle, and Gosselin, Émilie
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PROFESSIONAL peer review , *TELEPHONES , *ACQUISITION of data , *DATABASE management , *SURVEYS , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DATA analysis , *LITERATURE reviews , *EMAIL - Abstract
Why you should read this article: • To avoid bias in analysis, interpretation and generalisability of findings that can occur from missing data when using self-administered questionnaires • To develop strategies to prevent missing data in self-administered questionnaires • To understand the methodological and statistical considerations underlying the use of prevention strategies in quantitative studies Background: Self-administered questionnaires are efficient and low-cost ways of collecting data with wide cohorts. Nonetheless, their use in studies can result in a high occurrence of missing data, which can affect the statistical power, representativeness and generalisability of the findings. Imputation methods have been considered efficient statistical techniques for managing missing data. However, they have also been associated with limits, such as the risk of under-estimation of the effect, lower statistical power and decrease of correlation among variables. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of using prevention strategies to avoid missing data before the data are analysed. Aim: To identify strategies for preventing the occurrence of missing data and to discuss their effects, as well as their methodological and statistical considerations. Discussion: The article discusses prevention strategies related to the administration format and follow-up and reminders. Strategies such as the use of electronic tablets, email and telephone reminders are associated with lower rates of missing data in self-administered questionnaires. However, methodological and statistical limits, including the absence of a comparison group and statistical validation of the reported results, limits the capacity to establish robust consensus. Conclusion: Prevention strategies represent relevant and feasible avenues for handling missing data in a wide range of clinical, nursing and epidemiological research. More projects based on robust design are needed to ensure accurate and reliable data are collected from patients, families, communities and clinicians. Implications for practice: It is important for clinicians and nurses to understand the phenomenon of missing data and the strategies available to prevent missing data, to collect data representing the patients' and families' perspectives and experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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105. Could You Give Me a Leg up …? Models, Frameworks and Support Structures to Help Aspiring Clinical Academic Speech and Language Therapists
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Kate Harrall, Emma Louise Sinnott, Lucy Roebuck Saez, and Gemma Clunie
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Background: Increasing research capacity and capability for the speech and language therapy (SLT) profession is a key national strategic driver, with many speech and language therapists (SLTs) aspiring to a clinical academic (CA) career. There are known benefits but also acknowledged challenges with this career path, including limited funding opportunities and a poorly established career trajectory. Aims: To present models, frameworks and support structures that can be used by aspiring SLT CAs to chart research knowledge and skills, and plan career development. Organisational models are also presented to facilitate SLT CA career development and research capacity-building. Methods & Procedures: A narrative review was conducted using a literature search of published peer-reviewed journals across four electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, AMED and Embase, with additional search for grey literature through internet searches. Search results were screened against eligibility criteria by two researchers, with full-text articles retrieved and reviewed by four researchers independently. Results & Discussion: The database search and grey literature search combined identified 610 records. Full-text screening of 66 records resulted in 19 articles or grey literature sources being included within the narrative review. Main Contribution: This paper details models, frameworks and support structures pertinent to SLTs that can be used at an individual and organizational level to assist CA skill development and career paths. Conclusion & Implications: The national climate is looking positive for aspiring SLT CAs. The time is now to take the initiative and use the support structures available to show our CA value and develop the necessary skills outlined within these resources to fulfil our ambitions.
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- 2024
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106. Usability Testing of Mobile Learning Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study
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Bimal Aklesh Kumar, Sailesh Saras Chand, and Munil Shiva Goundar
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Purpose: Mobile learning has seen tremendous growth over the years. Like any other software application, usability is one of the key concerns in its successful implementation. There is a lack of study that provides a comprehensive overview of usability testing of mobile learning applications. Motivated by this a mapping study is conducted. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic mapping study was conducted using 51 papers retrieved from the Scopus database published between 2005 and 2022 that reported on usability testing of mobile learning applications. Findings: The key findings suggest that research is expected to expand in the near future. User-based testing is the commonly used method, while data are collected mainly through questionnaires, observation and interviews. Testing is mainly conducted in a controlled environment. Originality/value: The study provides (1) an evidence-based discussion on usability testing of mobile learning applications, (2) an up-to-date map on state of the art on usability testing of mobile learning applications and (3) providing direction for further research to scientifically strengthen the field.
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- 2024
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107. A Collaboratively-Derived Research Agenda for E-Assessment in Undergraduate Mathematics
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George Kinnear, Ian Jones, Chris Sangwin, Maryam Alarfaj, Ben Davies, Sam Fearn, Colin Foster, André Heck, Karen Henderson, Tim Hunt, Paola Iannone, Igor' Kontorovich, Niclas Larson, Tim Lowe, John Christopher Meyer, Ann O'Shea, Peter Rowlett, Indunil Sikurajapathi, and Thomas Wong
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This paper describes the collaborative development of an agenda for research on e-assessment in undergraduate mathematics. We built on an established approach to develop the agenda from the contributions of 22 mathematics education researchers, university teachers and learning technologists interested in this topic. The resulting set of 55 research questions are grouped into 5 broad themes: errors and feedback, student interactions with e-assessment, design and implementation choices, affordances offered by e-assessment tools, and mathematical skills. This agenda gives a framework for a programme of research aligned with practical concerns that will contribute to both theoretical and practical development.
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- 2024
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108. Paper 3: Selecting rapid review methods for complex questions related to health policy and system issues
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Kerry Waddell, G. J. Melendez-Torres, Michael G. Wilson, Kelly Dickson, Sandy Oliver, and John N. Lavis
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Focus (computing) ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Health Policy ,Research ,Publications ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Data science ,Systematic review ,Work (electrical) ,Conceptual framework ,Selection (linguistics) ,Humans ,Medicine ,business ,Referral and Consultation ,Health policy ,Systematic Reviews as Topic ,Stakeholder consultation - Abstract
Approaches for rapid reviews that focus on streamlining systematic review methods are not always suitable for exploring complex policy questions, as developing and testing theories to explain these complexities requires configuring diverse qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Our objective was therefore to provide a guide to selecting approaches for rapidly (i.e., within days to months) addressing complex questions related to health policy and system issues. We provide a two-stage, transdisciplinary collaborative process to select a rapid review approach to address complex policy questions, which consists of scoping the breadth and depth of the literature and then selecting an optimal approach to synthesis. The first stage (scoping the literature) begins with a discussion with the stakeholders requesting evidence to identify and refine the question for the review, which is then used to conduct preliminary searches and conceptually map the documents identified. In the second stage (selection of an optimal approach), further stakeholder consultation is required to refine and tailor the question and approach to identifying relevant documents to include. The approach to synthesizing the included documents is then guided by the final question, the breadth and depth of the literature, and the time available and can include a static or evolving conceptual framework to code and analyze a range of evidence. For areas already covered extensively by existing systematic reviews, the focus can be on summarizing and integrating the review findings, resynthesizing the primary studies, or updating the search and reanalyzing one or more of the systematic reviews. The choice of approaches for conducting rapid reviews is intertwined with decisions about how to manage projects, the amount of work to be done, and the knowledge already available, and our guide offers support to help make these strategic decisions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13643-021-01834-y.
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- 2021
109. Developing Impactful Summer Research Experiences for Urban Science Teachers
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Olson, Jennifer D., Kotche, Miiri A., Collins, Darrin, Shyjka, Andria, and Cummings, Marlon I.
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This research examines teachers' perspectives of a summer research experience for urban science teachers at an urban university with an ongoing commitment to support under-resourced schools. The program is a collaboration between the Colleges of Engineering and Education, and was developed to support urban science teachers' understanding of bioengineering concepts and effective pedagogical approaches. The program structure allows teachers to engage in bioengineering research alongside faculty and participate in workshops to support the creation of a culturally sustaining curriculum. This research seeks to highlight teachers' perspectives of the program's impact on their depth of content knowledge and pedagogical skills in an effort to contribute to the body of knowledge about developing meaningful professional development for teachers.
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- 2022
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110. Open-source Software Sustainability Models: Initial White Paper From the Informatics Technology for Cancer Research Sustainability and Industry Partnership Working Group
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Ye Ye, Seemran Barapatre, Michael K Davis, Keith O Elliston, Christos Davatzikos, Andrey Fedorov, Jean-Christophe Fillion-Robin, Ian Foster, John R Gilbertson, Andras Lasso, James V Miller, Martin Morgan, Steve Pieper, Brigitte E Raumann, Brion D Sarachan, Guergana Savova, Jonathan C Silverstein, Donald P Taylor, Joyce B Zelnis, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Jamie Cuticchia, and Michael J Becich
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Technology ,Informatics ,Knowledge management ,open-source software ,financial model ,cancer informatics ,Health Informatics ,Business model ,Viewpoint ,White paper ,Documentation ,Neoplasms ,Humans ,License ,Ecosystem ,licensing model ,business.industry ,Research ,product management ,sustainability ,Software quality ,Sustainability ,Product management ,Financial modeling ,business ,Software - Abstract
Background The National Cancer Institute Informatics Technology for Cancer Research (ITCR) program provides a series of funding mechanisms to create an ecosystem of open-source software (OSS) that serves the needs of cancer research. As the ITCR ecosystem substantially grows, it faces the challenge of the long-term sustainability of the software being developed by ITCR grantees. To address this challenge, the ITCR sustainability and industry partnership working group (SIP-WG) was convened in 2019. Objective The charter of the SIP-WG is to investigate options to enhance the long-term sustainability of the OSS being developed by ITCR, in part by developing a collection of business model archetypes that can serve as sustainability plans for ITCR OSS development initiatives. The working group assembled models from the ITCR program, from other studies, and from the engagement of its extensive network of relationships with other organizations (eg, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Open Source Initiative, and Software Sustainability Institute) in support of this objective. Methods This paper reviews the existing sustainability models and describes 10 OSS use cases disseminated by the SIP-WG and others, including 3D Slicer, Bioconductor, Cytoscape, Globus, i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside) and tranSMART, Insight Toolkit, Linux, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics tools, R, and REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), in 10 sustainability aspects: governance, documentation, code quality, support, ecosystem collaboration, security, legal, finance, marketing, and dependency hygiene. Results Information available to the public reveals that all 10 OSS have effective governance, comprehensive documentation, high code quality, reliable dependency hygiene, strong user and developer support, and active marketing. These OSS include a variety of licensing models (eg, general public license version 2, general public license version 3, Berkeley Software Distribution, and Apache 3) and financial models (eg, federal research funding, industry and membership support, and commercial support). However, detailed information on ecosystem collaboration and security is not publicly provided by most OSS. Conclusions We recommend 6 essential attributes for research software: alignment with unmet scientific needs, a dedicated development team, a vibrant user community, a feasible licensing model, a sustainable financial model, and effective product management. We also stress important actions to be considered in future ITCR activities that involve the discussion of the sustainability and licensing models for ITCR OSS, the establishment of a central library, the allocation of consulting resources to code quality control, ecosystem collaboration, security, and dependency hygiene.
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- 2021
111. Tracking the research trends in the library and information science: a case study of India
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Gupta, Sangita and Gul, Sumeer
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- 2024
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112. EAACI position paper on the clinical use of the bronchial allergen challenge: Unmet needs and research priorities
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Ioana Agache, Dario Antolin‐Amerigo, Frederic Blay, Cristina Boccabella, Cristiano Caruso, Pascal Chanez, Mariana Couto, Ronina Covar, Serge Doan, Jean‐Luc Fauquert, Gail Gauvreau, Alina Gherasim, Ludger Klimek, Catherine Lemiere, Parameswaran Nair, Iñigo Ojanguren, David Peden, Luis Perez‐de‐Llano, Oliver Pfaar, Carmen Rondon, Maia Rukhazde, Joaquin Sastre, Johannes Schulze, Diana Silva, Susan Tarlo, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa, Stefan Zielen, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Research ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Immunology ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antigens, Dermatophagoides ,Allergens ,Asthma ,Bronchial Provocation Tests - Abstract
Allergic asthma (AA) is a common asthma phenotype, and its diagnosis requires both the demonstration of IgE-sensitization to aeroallergens and the causative role of this sensitization as a major driver of asthma symptoms. Therefore, a bronchial allergen challenge (BAC) would be occasionally required to identify AA patients among atopic asthmatics. Nevertheless, BAC is usually considered a research tool only, with existing protocols being tailored to mild asthmatics and research needs (eg long washout period for inhaled corticosteroids). Consequently, existing BAC protocols are not designed to be performed in moderate-to-severe asthmatics or in clinical practice. The correct diagnosis of AA might help select patients for immunomodulatory therapies. Allergen sublingual immunotherapy is now registered and recommended for controlled or partially controlled patients with house dust mite-driven AA and with FEV1 ≥ 70%. Allergen avoidance is costly and difficult to implement for the management of AA, so the proper selection of patients is also beneficial. In this position paper, the EAACI Task Force proposes a methodology for clinical BAC that would need to be validated in future studies. The clinical implementation of BAC could ultimately translate into a better phenotyping of asthmatics in real life, and into a more accurate selection of patients for long-term and costly management pathways.
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- 2022
113. Using mixed methods in logistics and supply chain management research: current state and future directions
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Grant, David B., Shaw, Sarah, Sweeney, Edward, Bahr, Witold, Chaisurayakarn, Siriwan, and Evangelista, Pietro
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- 2023
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114. Key insights from climate communication – and how they can inspire sustainability in higher education
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Sippel, Maike
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- 2023
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115. A systematic review on papers that study on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism that affects coronavirus 2019 severity
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Siyeon Suh, Sol Lee, Ho Gym, Sanghyuk Yoon, Seunghwan Park, Jihi Cha, Do-Hyung Kwon, YunSu Yang, and Sun Ha Jee
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Infectious Diseases ,Population Health ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Research ,Serine Endopeptidases ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Membrane Proteins ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - Abstract
Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become the most threatening issue to all populations around the world. It is, directly and indirectly, affecting all of us and thus, is an emerging topic dealt in global health. To avoid the infection, various studies have been done and are still ongoing. COVID-19 cases are reported all over the globe, and among the millions of cases, genetic similarity may be seen. The genetical common features seen within confirmed cases may help outline the tendency of infection and degree severity of the disease. Here, we reviewed multiple papers on SNPs related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and analyzed their results. Methods The PubMed databases were searched for papers discussing SNPs associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. Clinical studies with human patients and statistically showing the relevance of the SNP with virus infection were included. Quality Assessment of all papers was done with Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results In the analysis, 21 full-text literature out of 2956 screened titles and abstracts, including 63,496 cases, were included. All were human-based clinical studies, some based on certain regions gathered patient data and some based on big databases obtained online. ACE2, TMPRSS2, and IFITM3 are the genes mentioned most frequently that are related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 20 out of 21 studies mentioned one or more of those genes. The relevant genes according to SNPs were also analyzed. rs12252-C, rs143936283, rs2285666, rs41303171, and rs35803318 are the SNPs that were mentioned at least twice in two different studies. Conclusions We found that ACE2, TMPRSS2, and IFITM3 are the major genes that are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mentioned SNPs were all related to one or more of the above-mentioned genes. There were discussions on certain SNPs that increased the infection and severity to certain groups more than the others. However, as there is limited follow-up and data due to a shortage of time history of the disease, studies may be limited.
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- 2022
116. WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RESOURCES RECOVERY IN PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY USING HIGH-RATE DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
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Wang, Lawrence K and Wang, Mu-Hao Sung
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Research - Abstract
There are 1000+ Spracell DAF installations around the world. The senior author was a UNIDO Senior Advisor responsible for introducing Spracell DAF and other US technologies to the developing countries. The advantages of Spracell DAF over conventional technologies are: (a) its low retention time is about 3 minutes; (b) its high specific clarification capacity is 4-5 GPM/sqft requiring very small surface area; (c) its capital & O&M costs are lower than any other systems of comparable performance; (d) its installation is simple; (e) it maintains its value because its relocation can be easily accomplished; (f) its space requirements are minimal because of its low headroom; (g) it can be erected above ground level to save land space; (h) it is easy to clean because the DAF tank is completely open; (i) its clarification efficiency is high: DAF effluent TSS is in the range of 20 to 30 mg/L and its thickened sludge consistency is 2 to 3%; (j) small Supracell DAF is delivered fully prefabricated; larger units are delivered in parts which flange together; and (k) no heavy foundation or support structure is needed as the total load factor when filed with water weights less than 150 lb/sqft. Supracell DAF can be applied to paper and pulp industry for whitewater clarification, secondary fiber recovery, titanium dioxide recovery, WWTP secondary clarification, lagoon algae separation and sludge concentration. This paper introduces DAF history, applications, process equipment, components, flow diagrams, operations, advantages, advances, and case histories. This publication is one of many memoirs written to document the accomplishments of LIWT-KEC in memory of late Dr. Milos Krofta and all deceased Lenox professors.
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- 2022
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117. CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers: the CHAMP statement
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Douglas G. Altman, Michael J. Campbell, Nicholas P. Jewell, Maryam Nazemipour, Rasmus Nielsen, Gary S. Collins, and Mohammad Ali Mansournia
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medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology ,Article ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,Medical education ,education ,research ,Public health ,Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ,methodology ,General Medicine ,Transparency (behavior) ,Checklist ,statistics ,Research Design ,epidemiology ,Biostatistics ,Psychology - Abstract
Misuse of statistics in medical and sports science research is common and may lead to detrimental consequences to healthcare. Many authors, editors and peer reviewers of medical papers will not have expert knowledge of statistics or may be unconvinced about the importance of applying correct statistics in medical research. Although there are guidelines on reporting statistics in medical papers, a checklist on the more general and commonly seen aspects of statistics to assess when peer-reviewing an article is needed. In this article, we propose a CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers (CHAMP) comprising 30 items related to the design and conduct, data analysis, reporting and presentation, and interpretation of a research paper. While CHAMP is primarily aimed at editors and peer reviewers during the statistical assessment of a medical paper, we believe it will serve as a useful reference to improve authors’ and readers’ practice in their use of statistics in medical research. We strongly encourage editors and peer reviewers to consult CHAMP when assessing manuscripts for potential publication. Authors also may apply CHAMP to ensure the validity of their statistical approach and reporting of medical research, and readers may consider using CHAMP to enhance their statistical assessment of a paper.
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- 2021
118. These experiments could lift millions out of dire poverty.
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Tollefson J
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- Humans, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Poverty prevention & control, Poverty statistics & numerical data, Research
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- 2022
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119. Publishing Papers in Premier Journals: Learning to Identify Important Research Questions and Framing the Paper.
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Venkatesh, Viswanath
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PUBLISHING ,PROFESSIONAL education ,CAREER development ,WORKSHOPS (Facilities) ,RESEARCH - Abstract
Choosing and researching the right problem is a critical driver of successfully publishing papers, especially in high-quality journals. Although in recent times, gap spotting approaches to doing science has been criticized in favor of assumption challenging and paradigm changing work, the PDW will address the need to balance different types of research problems/questions. Finally, the PDW will discuss how to write an effective introduction that captures and frames the important problem being studied. Together, this PDW will help participants in their journey of pursuing the right question and packaging it effectively in an introduction for a journal article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
120. Missing Data: An Update on the State of the Art
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Enders, Craig K.
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The year 2022 is the 20th anniversary of Joseph Schafer and John Graham's paper titled "Missing data: Our view of the state of the art," currently the most highly cited paper in the history of "Psychological Methods." Much has changed since 2002, as missing data methodologies have continually evolved and improved; the range of applications that are possible with modern missing data techniques has increased dramatically, and software options are light years ahead of where they were. This article provides an update on the state of the art that catalogs important innovations from the past two decades of missing data research. The paper addresses topics described in the original paper, including developments related to missing data theory, full information maximum likelihood, Bayesian estimation, multiple imputation, and models for missing not at random processes. The paper also describes newer factored regression specifications and missing data handling for multilevel models, both of which have been a focus of recent research. The paper concludes with a summary of the current software landscape and a discussion of several practical issues. [This paper will be published in "Psychological Methods."]
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- 2023
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121. Research Status and Evolutionary Trends on Early Childhood Sports in China: A Perspective of Co-Word Analysis
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Yuanliang, Zhang and Yuan, Xue
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In this study, 285 Chinese core journal papers involving early childhood sports in the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database from 1993 to 2022 were selected as samples. Text mining and data statistical analysis tools, such as BICOMB2.0, SPSS22.0, UCINET6.0, EXCEL2016, and other research methods in bibliometrics, such as word frequency analysis, co word clustering analysis, multidimensional scale analysis, and strategic coordinate map analysis, were used to explore the status and evolutionary trends of early childhood sports in China. The results are as follows: Since 2011, the annual number of documents has indicated a wave-like increasing trend every year, reaching its peak in 2020. In total, 237 institutions participated in this study. The journal distribution of papers in this field was close to the 1:4:16 ratio of Bradford's law. A relatively stable periodic group was formed. 12 cluster themes have been formed in the field of children's sports in China.
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- 2023
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122. Trends in K-12 Teacher Agency Research: A Review of Science Education Research
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Miller-Rushing, Anica and Hufnagel, Elizabeth
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In-service teachers of science work with unique content and pedagogical experiences within a changing educational landscape. Understanding teacher agency in these circumstances will help researchers understand the actions that these teachers take. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to review how the agency of K-12 in-service teachers of science has been examined empirically in the science education research literature during the period of 2007-2020. Informed by grounded theory, we qualitatively analyzed 48 peer-reviewed articles, which we located using specific search criteria. We identified that science teacher agency is currently conceptualized largely paper-to-paper and without fully attending to the professional and lived experiences, and thus humanity, of science teachers; thereby, creating exciting opportunities for science education researchers to expand on both the breadth and depth around the theorization and operationalization of in-service science teacher agency. Recommendations are addressed.
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- 2023
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123. A Bibliometric Review of Research on Employability: Dataset from Scopus between 1972 and 2019
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Dinh, Ngoan Thi, Dinh Hai, Luong, and Pham, Hiep-Hung
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Purpose: Employability has long been a concern of scholars because of its complicated nature and changes in the requirements in labor markets to meet the new requirements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and globalization. However, there has not yet been much systematic investigation of the existing literature tracing the trends, changes and developments in employability research. This paper aims to fill this void by analyzing data obtained from the Scopus dataset from 1972 to 2019. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 1,703 Scopus-indexed articles were filtered from 7,885 documents. The results reflect a rapidly emerging literature on employability, given the worldwide interest in this topic. Using descriptive statistics and bibliometric analyses, the review identified trends in employability research, whose impact has been sustained for several decades. Findings: With science mapping, the conceptual structure of scientific disciplines was visualized, highlighting three main schools of thought including employers' requirements and higher education institutions' preparation; the antecedents of employability; and the role of work-integrated learning in enhancing employability. Originality/value: The paper calls for more integrative research focusing on personal agency with the development of career paths inside organizations as well as for a more focus on a multilevel perspective exploring both individuals' and organizations' perceptions.
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- 2023
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124. Investigating the Relationship between Research Income and Research Excellence in Education: Evidence from the REF2021-UoA23 Data
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Boeren, Ellen
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This paper presents and discusses the relationship between the generation of research income and the REF2021 results for universities who submitted a return to Unit of Assessment 23--Education. Research Excellence Framework exercises tend to be time intensive and come with income streams of Government Quality Research funding as well as reputational gains and risks. Based on REF2021 research environment research income data, freely available on the REF2021 website, analyses have been undertaken to investigate the strength of relationships between different types of fundings streams and grade point averages. The results demonstrate strong variation in funding capture across the different universities with Russell Group members tending to generate more income from prestigious funders such as UK Research and Innovation. However, several post-1992 universities managed to capture significant income from funders like UK and EU governments, without this necessarily translating into higher grade point averages or 4* scores. While generating research income is perceived as an important part of academic life, the paper concludes that achieving research excellence seems more complicated than just following the money.
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- 2023
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125. A Scoping Review of Clusters of Multiple Long-Term Conditions in People with Intellectual Disabilities and Factors Impacting on Outcomes for This Patient Group
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Mann, Claire, Jun, Gyuchan T., Tyrer, Freya, Kiani, Reza, Lewin, Gemma, and Gangadharan, Satheesh K.
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People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are vulnerable to multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). However, in the UK, there are no individual strategies tailored for them. This study synthesised evidence on prevalence of MLTC in people with ID alongside risk factors, outcomes and preventative strategies. The scoping review used the tool Abstrackr to search retrieved articles from three bibliographic databases. Of 933 articles initially screened and further identified, 20 papers met our inclusion criteria. Our findings revealed significant data on prevalence of MLTC in people with ID across the studies, but very limited data on clusters or patterns of co-occurrence in this population. The majority of papers explored risk factors and strategies for prevention of MLTC, but far fewer compared outcomes by MLTC. The identified gaps in the literature indicate the need for further research to identify clusters of MLTC and tailored prevention strategies to reduce poor outcomes in this population.
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- 2023
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126. Pathways to the Creation of Research Capacities in Universities in Developing Countries: Perspectives from a Literature Review
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Véliz, Daniela, Bernasconi, Andrés, Celis, Sergio, Mella, Monserratt, and Miranda, Constanza
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Universities seeking to establish or expand their research missions in developed countries have at their disposal well-established literature on strategies to foster research capacity in universities. On the contrary, the literature on these processes in the context of developing countries is quite recent and scarce. We offer a descriptive, narrative review of the literature on research capacity building in universities in developing countries, both in terms of the conceptual models or theoretical frameworks used and of strategies reported. We also compare this corpus with recent literature on this set of issues coming from developed countries, covering 40 papers overall. On the theoretical side, we find substantial differences in density and content across both sets of papers. The empirical dimension suggests universities in developing countries tackle the problems of fostering research capacity piecemeal and idiosyncratically without the benefit of an overall conceptual model or blueprint to guide them.
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- 2023
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127. Model United Nations: (Didactic) Module Content
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Krein, Anna-Theresia, Krein, Anna-Theresia, and Rönker, Josephin Paula, With Contrib. by
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- 2023
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128. ETHNA System Implementation Co-design Requirements Guiding Paper – The ETHNA Lab. ETHNA System Project – Deliverable 5.3
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Neuhaus, Sigrid Vedel, Holstener, Simon, Vestergaard Bidstrup, Maya, Kotnis, Sita Ramchandra, Rodríguez Coronel, Martha, González-Esteban, Elsa, and Eekhout, Xavier
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Ethics ,RRI ,Research ,Ethical Governance ,Innovation ,Living Labs - Abstract
This document includes a guide on the ETHNA Lab, followed by the methodological reflections made during the development of the ETHNA Lab, a short introduction to the implementation process, including the support structure offered to the implementing organisations, and finally some concluding reflections on the desired outcome of the ETHNA Lab process.
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- 2022
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129. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2021 Editors' Choice Papers
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Christian Weber, Anne Rigby, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Biochemie, and RS: Carim - B01 Blood proteins & engineering
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Publishing ,Research ,ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION ,Humans ,Thrombosis ,Hematology ,Editorial Policies - Published
- 2022
130. The 100 Most Frequently Cited Articles on Myopia.
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Shemesh, Rachel, Dichter, Sarah, Mezer, Eedy, and Wygnanski-Jaffe, Tamara
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MYOPIA treatment ,RESEARCH ,MYOPIA ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,PUBLIC health ,CITATION analysis ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,ELECTRONIC publications ,HEALTH promotion ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Purpose. To provide a bibliographical-historical perspective and main interest in the field of myopia. Methods. In this bibliographic study, the Web of Science Database was searched from 1999 to 2018. Recorded parameters included journal name, impact factor, year and language, number of authors, type and origin, methodology, number of subjects, funding, and topics. Results. Epidemiological assessments were the leading type of article (28%), and half of the papers were prospective studies. The number of citations for multicenter studies was significantly higher (P = 0.034). The articles were published in 27 journals, with the majority in Investigative Ophthalmology, Vision Sciences (28%), and Ophthalmology (26%). Etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment equally encompassed the topics. Papers addressing etiology, specifically genetic and environmental factors (P = 0.029), signs and symptoms (P = 0.001), and prevention, specifically public awareness (47%, P = 0.005), received significantly more citations. Treatment to decrease myopia progression was a much more common topic (68%) than refractive surgery (32%). Optical treatment was the most popular modality (39%). Half of the publications came from 3 countries: the United States (US), Australia, and Singapore. The highest ranked and cited papers came from the US (P = 0.028) and Singapore (P = 0.028). Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the top-cited articles on myopia. There is a predominance of epidemiological assessments and multicenter studies originating from the US, Australia, and Singapore, assessing etiology, signs and symptoms, and prevention. These are more frequently cited, emphasizing the great interest in mapping the increase in the incidence of myopia in different countries, public health awareness, and myopia control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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131. Using qualitative study designs to understand treatment burden and capacity for self-care among patients with HIV/NCD multimorbidity in South Africa: A methods paper.
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van Pinxteren, Myrna, Mbokazi, Nonzuzo, Murphy, Katherine, Mair, Frances S, May, Carl, and Levitt, Naomi S
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NON-communicable diseases ,EVALUATION of medical care ,RESEARCH ,MIDDLE-income countries ,RESEARCH methodology ,BURDEN of care ,DISEASES ,POPULATION geography ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,LOW-income countries ,EPIDEMICS ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DECISION making ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,HEALTH self-care ,HIV - Abstract
Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, are currently experiencing multiple epidemics: HIV and the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), leading to different patterns of multimorbidity (the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions) than experienced in high income settings. These adversely affect health outcomes, increase patients' perceived burden of treatment, and impact the workload of self-management. This paper outlines the methods used in a qualitative study exploring burden of treatment among people living with HIV/NCD multimorbidity in South Africa. Methods: We undertook a comparative qualitative study to examine the interaction between individuals' treatment burden (self-management workload) and their capacity to take on this workload, using the dual lenses of Burden of Treatment Theory (BoTT) and Cumulative Complexity Model (CuCoM) to aid conceptualisation of the data. We interviewed 30 people with multimorbidity and 16 carers in rural Eastern Cape and urban Cape Town between February-April 2021. Data was analysed through framework analysis. Findings: This paper discusses the methodological procedures considered when conducting qualitative research among people with multimorbidity in low-income settings in South Africa. We highlight the decisions made when developing the research design, recruiting participants, and selecting field-sites. We also explore data analysis processes and reflect on the positionality of the research project and researchers. Conclusion: This paper illustrates the decision-making processes conducting this qualitative research and may be helpful in informing future research aiming to qualitatively investigate treatment burden among patients in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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132. International Co-Authored Publications: The Effect of Joining the European Union or Being Part of The European Research Area
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Marini, Giulio
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The paper investigates the increasing number of international co-authored publications, comparing countries that accessed the European Union (EU) in 2004 (EU04) against other Central-Eastern European Countries (othEast-ERA), adopting a scientometric approach. This comparison looks at whether to be part of the EU is different from being part of the European Research Area (ERA) -- given that both entities aim at fostering more international collaborations. The hypothesis is that EU might convey more opportunities for the sake of international publications, although ERA assures access to European funding schemes anyway. Analysing the census of internationally co-authored publications from 1995 to 2015, difference-indifferences regressions show that Countries that joined EU in 2004 performed better than other Central-Eastern ones. Implications for the public policies in science are discussed.
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- 2023
133. The Crossroads: Interdisciplinary Teams and Alternative Treatments
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Leaf, Justin B., Cihon, Joseph H., Ferguson, Julia L., Milne, Christine, and Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.
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Behavior analysts collaborating within interdisciplinary teams are likely to find themselves at difficult crossroads. Some of these crossroads include implementing alternative treatments, defining and determining risk and harm, and evaluating research and interventions. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of these crossroads and provide guidelines on successfully navigating them. We contend that it is possible to navigate these crossroads while minimizing harm or risk for the client, adhering to the principles of science and behavior analysis, and remaining respectful of all members of the interdisciplinary team. That is, we can maintain the scientific tenets of philosophic doubt, empiricism, and experimentation, while remaining humble, and ensuring our clients access the most effective interventions available.
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- 2023
134. Mentoring New Faculty in Post-Pandemic Academia: Applications and Strategies for Mentors, Administrators, and Faculty Developers
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Keonya Booker
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The research on mentorship in the professoriate is extensive and substantial. New faculty benefit from having sustained and focused interactions with a more knowledgeable other who is able to shepherd them through the induction phase of their academic career. Professional support, collaboration, and sponsorship have always been critical, but this need is even more pronounced in the isolating times of the pandemic. During the 2020-2022 academic years, junior faculty were asked to navigate new spaces which would be exceedingly trying under normal circumstances, but even more so while under severe restrictions. This paper will examine the usefulness of alternative ways of mentoring that can assist incoming faculty. Strategies for administrators and senior faculty responsible for facilitating these connections will be explored.
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- 2023
135. A Case for Critical Realism in Quest of Interdisciplinarity in Research with International Students
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Yingling Lou
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In response to a lack of theoretical engagement and interdisciplinarity in research with international students, this paper explores the affordances of critical realism and the critical realist theory of interdisciplinarity to the field. In so doing, I purport to offer the field an alternative philosophical paradigm and a theoretical blueprint that enables metatheoretical unity and theoretical pluralism to engage interdisciplinarity.
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- 2023
136. 'The Real Data Set': A Case of Challenging Power Dynamics and Questioning the Boundaries of Research Production
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Rachel Wells and Victoria Copeland
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While the co-production of knowledge through community-engaged research is intended to be a reciprocally beneficial process, academic institutions have often devalued community expertise by treating community organizations as subjects rather than co-creators of knowledge. Drawing from Black Feminist Epistemology, this ethnographic study examines how one community-based organization, Los Angeles Community Action Network (LA CAN), partners with academic researchers, including their discourse around partnerships and how they challenged power dynamics between community and their university partners. This paper discusses key themes from their partnerships, including centering community members' expertise through their lived experience and forming long-term mutual relationships rooted in abolition and the Black Radical Tradition. Drawing on an analysis of LA CAN's organizing and research processes with academic partners, we discuss how the centering of community expertise and forming relationships with academics aligned on these values can help to challenge the traditional power dynamics in community-university partnerships, resulting in different ways of knowing or what LA CAN referred to as "the real data set."
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- 2024
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137. Higher Education Research: Geographies beyond the Front Yard
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Ana M. Martínez-Alemán
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As higher education researchers, we bear a responsibility to tend to the current state of our research and to the outlook for its future in light of its various purposes, the politics that inform these purposes, and the practices they expose. In the ASHE 2023 Presidential Address, Dr. Ana M. Martínez-Alemán asks us to reflect on and consider--as poets would--the stories our research tells and the possibilities that our current research tapers. How do we tend to the established geographies of our research--the roses in the "front yard"--and investigate "rough and untended" research unknowns?
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- 2024
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138. Copyright and Text and Data Mining: Is the Current Legislation Sufficient and Adequate?
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Juan-Carlos Fernández-Molina and Fernando Esteban de la Rosa
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Text and data mining activities -- that is, the automated processing of digital materials to uncover new knowledge -- have become more frequent in all areas of scientific research. Because they require a massive use of copyrighted work, there are evident conflicts with copyright legislation. Countries at the forefront of research and development have begun to address this issue. This paper presents the basic aspects of legislation applicable to text and data mining activities. It offers a detailed comparative analysis of the norms of the main jurisdictions that have regulated them to date, highlighting in each case the positive and negative aspects. An adequate knowledge of these laws is not only important for researchers but also important for the academic librarians who provide advice and support in these matters.
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- 2024
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139. Mentoring in Developing, Engaging with, and Sustaining Research Teams that Aligns with Health and Risk Communication Principles: Apples and Oranges or Apples and Apples?
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Daniela B. Friedman, Lorie Donelle, Sue E. Levkoff, Jean Neils-Strunjas, Dwayne E. Porter, Andrea Tanner, and James R. Hebert
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We are an interdisciplinary group of colleagues dedicated to partner engagement and team science. This influences our academic work, informs our research mentorship and capacity-building initiatives with junior scholars, conditions how we communicate with individuals outside of our disciplines, and makes lifelong learning a priority for ourselves and our trainees. Using the analogy of a seven-layer cake, this paper describes our capacity-building approach to develop, engage, and sustain research teams in a manner that aligns with health and risk communication principles. While preparing for a pandemic and engaging in team-based academic research may seem like apples and oranges, they both require the same key component throughout the process that we must encourage in our mentorship practices - effective communication. We provide concrete examples from our experiences on research teams that span decades and institutions.
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- 2024
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140. Factors That Contribute to the Underrepresentation of Women Academics Worldwide: A Literature Review
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Beatrice Avolio, Eduardo Pardo, and Ma. Belén Prados-Peña
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This paper analyses the literature related to the underrepresentation of women academics in order to identify the factors that influence the underrepresentation of women in higher-education teaching, academic leadership and research. In order to accomplish this, we conducted a review of 83 research articles from 2005 to June 2023 available in the Web of Science database and their references. The results show that the factors that explain underrepresentation of women academics are diverse, complex and intertwined, and related to socio-cultural parameters. The literature review allowed us to create an integrated framework of factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women academics, which includes six categories: personal, family, educational, social, organizational and labor-economic factors. This research is useful for researchers and policy makers because it introduces this phenomenon schematically and identifies the gaps in previous research studies. It also evidences the need to conduct further research on this topic.
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- 2024
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141. Transformative Research Collaboration as 'Third Space' and 'Creative Understanding': Learnings from Higher Education Research and Doctoral Supervision
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Natalia Veles and P. A. Danaher
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Any research collaboration can potentially transform the participants' understandings and enhance their professional relationships with one another and with significant others. If this transformation is to eventuate, research collaborators need to exhibit mindfulness with regard to their multiple relationships, as well as to the intentions and effects of their collaborations. These requirements of transformative research collaborations align with, and build on, Macfarlane's (2017a) influential, six-element representation of research collaboration as a moral continuum, through the authors' rationale for adding a seventh element to this representation, centred on the ethically informed fusion of third space (Bhabha, 1994) and creative understanding (Bakhtin, 1986). The authors argue that this fusion enables researchers to move beyond the self-regarding and other-regarding binary underpinning Macfarlane's representation, and also to progress to a new collaboration dimension that is fundamentally democratic in character as well as creative and productive in its effects. The evidence for this argument derives from the first-named author's Doctor of Philosophy thesis (Veles, 2020), which investigated the cross-boundary third space collaboration of university actors, and for which the second-named author was a supervisor/adviser. The authors posit this particular research collaboration as transformative through its creative fusion of third space and creative understanding.
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- 2024
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142. Beyond Borders: Achieving Research Performance Breakthrough with Academic Collaborations
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Elena Veretennik and Elena Shakina
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Collaborative research papers are widely acknowledged to be more impactful than single-authored studies in higher education amidst subject area known to alter citation counts. While preceding studies have mostly recognised these two as the antecedents of research impact separately, it needs to be clarified whether the interaction of research area and type of collaboration causes any moderation. Comprehensive knowledge of differences in impact caused by a certain combination of type and area is important because, if citation impact is associated only with a particular combination, the impact-based research stimulation programs without regard to combination consequences may be cost-ineffective if not self-destructing. This study investigates how research collaborations in academia impact the productivity and impact of university faculty. The focus is on the impact variation due to the type of academic collaboration (internal, domestic, international) and the research area. For the empirical test of this study, publicly open data from 1368 faculty in one of the leading Russian higher education institutions--HSE University. Results have two-fold nature. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) researchers are more likely to collaborate with domestic co-authors. This result accentuates the specifics of the academic traditions in the research areas highly recognised for having a long and successful history and worldwide impact on science. The collaborations built on international coauthorship are associated with higher publication visibility rates for researchers from emerging fields in Russia, like those in social sciences and humanities, whereas institutional collaborations are found to be positively related to the share of cited documents. This article sheds light on the differences in academic collaboration mechanisms influencing research productivity and impact in two distinct research areas. It invites revisiting policies stimulating collaborative activities in universities, demonstrating their potentially discrepant consequences. The study's substantial contribution also refers to the use of panel data on personal attributes, research productivity and impact, which is a rare case for research collaboration studies.
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- 2024
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143. Barriers to Knowledge Mobilisation: Implications for Responsible and Inclusive Research in Higher Education
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Paola Ruiz-Bernardo, Auxiliadora Sales, Aida Sanahuja Ribés, and Odet Moliner
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From an understanding of knowledge mobilisation as a set of strategies that favour responsible and inclusive research, the aim of this paper is to identify the obstacles or barriers to carrying out such research in higher education institutions, as perceived by researchers. In this descriptive study, content analysis is used to examine semi-structured interviews carried out with eighty research groups from five European countries (Austria, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain) that participated in the research. Results reveal the main barriers researchers perceived are associated with social commitment, relational aspects, encouragement to participate (attitudinal, organisational and institutional barriers) and knowledge mobilisation practices (derived from the research process and research evaluation policies). Ethical and policy implications for more responsible and inclusive research are drawn in the conclusions.
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- 2024
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144. Consent as a Relational Engagement with Children with Intellectual Disabilities--Ethical Conundrums and Possibilities
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Maria Karmiris
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This paper aims to foreground the persistent ethical conundrums within the process of engaging children labeled with intellectual disabilities in the research process. I consider what happens when researchers are embedded within and committed to sustaining relationships with disabled children? I explore the possibilities of the enactment of consent as an ongoing negotiation between researcher and research participants. I contend that resisting and transforming unbalanced relations of power within research take seriously the importance of remaining mired in the ethical conundrums of the constant negotiation of research relationships that include making space for participant refusals throughout the research process.
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- 2024
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145. Researchers' Responsibilities in Resource-Constrained Settings: Experiences of Implementing an Ancillary Care Policy in a Vaccine Trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Gwen Lemey, Trésor Zola, Ynke Larivière, Solange Milolo, Engbu Danoff, Lazarre Bakonga, Emmanuel Esanga, Peter Vermeiren, Vivi Maketa, Junior Matangila, Patrick Mitashi, Pierre Van Damme, Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Raffaella Ravinetto, and Hypolite Muhindo-Mavoko
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In this paper, we discuss challenges associated with implementing a policy for Ancillary Care (AC) for related and unrelated (serious) adverse events during an Ebola vaccine trial conducted in a remote area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Conducting clinical trials in resource-constrained settings can raise context-related challenges that have implications for study participants' health and wellbeing. During the Ebola vaccine study, three participants were injured in road traffic accidents, but there were unexpected difficulties when trying to apply the AC policy. First, because of the nature of the adverse events, the insurer refused to cover the costs. Second, the AC policy did not address treatments by traditional medicine, even though traditional medicines are frequently used and highly trusted in the study community. This highlighted a contrast between the researchers' well-intentioned AC approach and the participants' legitimate preferences. The way in which researchers should address their responsibility to provide AC is not straightforward; it requires contextualization. Our experience highlights the importance of involving community representatives and the local ethics committee to ensure development of an AC policy that is culturally and ethically appropriate. Additionally, the insurance contract should clearly stipulate which adverse events are linked to the trial participation, and thus eligible for coverage, to avoid controversies when claims are made.
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- 2024
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146. First They Came for Us All: Responding to Anti-Transgender Structural Violence with Collective, Community-Engaged, and Intersectional Health Equity Research and Advocacy
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Hale M. Thompson, Timothy M. Wang, Ali J. Talan, Kellan E. Baker, and Arjee J. Restar
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This article is a call for collective action across health equity researchers and advocates to build a more just world. We attempt to make sense of senseless structural and interpersonal brutality in the context of the current political climate across the United States, whereby the spectrum of gender nonconformity has been and continues to be stigmatized. From drag performance to transgender identities to gender-affirming health care, extremists have instrumentalized primary levers of democracy--the courts, legislatures, and social media--to attempt to outlaw and eradicate gender expansiveness and those who provide forms of support and care, including gender-affirming medical care, to transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TNBGE) individuals.
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- 2024
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147. Research Quality Criteria in the Creative Arts
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Kamila Lewandowska, Michael Ochsner, and Emanuel Kulczycki
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This paper investigates research quality criteria in the Creative Arts (CA). The CA has been introduced into the higher education and research sector over the last three decades. It is thus a relatively new research field and there is little empirical knowledge on how outputs in this field should be evaluated. Our study applies a mixed-method approach to assess the relevance of quality criteria used in performance-based research funding systems (PRFSs) in 10 countries. The results of a qualitative analysis of interviews with artists-academics (N = 67) and Joint Correspondence Analysis show that when art is evaluated in the context of academic research, both the traditional indicators of artistic quality as well as the cognitive and research-related aspects of the arts are believed to be significant. The JCA analysis also showed that the majority of our respondents found both extrinsic quality criteria (related to reputation and prestige) and intrinsic criteria (related to cognition and development) relevant.
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- 2024
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148. Does the Tenure Track Influence Academic Research? An Empirical Study of Faculty Members in China
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Xi Yang, X. L. Cai, and T. S. Li
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Since the twenty-first century, universities in many countries, including China, have introduced tenure-track employment to attract outstanding faculty. Through a survey of 1,099 faculty members from 21 high-level research universities in China, this study used a quasi-experimental method to examine the effect of the tenure track on faculty members' academic performance. The results suggest that the implementation of the tenure track led to an increase in the number of academic publications, but a decrease in the number of high-quality academic articles. The study further analyzed the underlying mechanisms by which the tenure track affected faculty members' academic performance, and found that introducing the tenure track increased cross-institutional collaboration, thereby promoting academic productivity. However, it resulted in a reduction in research collaboration within the institution, which hindered academic publication in high-impact journals. In terms of disciplinary heterogeneity, this study shows that the negative effect of the tenure track on publication quality was more significant in science than in engineering. Based on the research results above, this paper proposed several suggestions for improving the tenure system to ensure research excellence.
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- 2024
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149. 'It Feels Human … ': Reflective Race Research in Kinesiology
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Cory E. Dixon, Korey Boyd, and Mara Simon
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This paper presents the experiences of a racially integrated research team -- two Black male scholars and one white female scholar - drawn from a series of recorded conversations and journal entries as part of weekly research meetings while engaging in race research across more than a year's time. While our work inherently centered race by nature of the topics we researched, we chose to also critically reflect on what it means to do research together as Black and white scholars, and how kinesiology might benefit from our model of working together. Through thoughtful reflection linked to scholarship, we aimed to answer the questions of how our work yielded new understandings of the data we were collecting and analyzing, and how the field might utilize our collective research team experience. Using Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Studies, and intersectionality, we situated our experiences of working together within the existing literature on race dynamics in higher education to illustrate how our processes disrupted whiteness and furthered a justice-oriented approach to conducting race research. First, we highlight the status of race in higher education and kinesiology, with a specific focus on PE teacher education (PETE), since that is our field of study. From there, we outline the theoretical frameworks that informed the research project and our approach to working together. Next, we use the meeting recordings and transcriptions to analyze how the research team functioned, highlighting Korey Boyd's and Cory Dixon's experiences of engaging in race-related research and then turning to Mara Simon's reflexive attempts to disrupt whiteness even as she embodied it within the group dynamics. Finally, we conclude by addressing negotiations and tensions of this process, along with implications and recommendations for future race research in kinesiology.
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- 2024
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150. Institutional Dual Identity in Research Capacity Building in IBCs: The Case of NYU Shanghai
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Tianran Zhan and Simon Marginson
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International higher education branch campuses (IBCs) in China and elsewhere possess dual identity. There are stakeholders on both the home and host sides. While international branch campuses receive scholarly attention, there has been little study of their research and the role of institutional dual identity in research capacity building. This paper develops a conceptual framework that brings the conditions, practices, and outcomes of research together with dual institutional identity, to study research capacity building at NYU Shanghai. Data from 16 semi-structured interviews with academics, administrators, and university leaders indicate that institutional dual identity is central to what the institution has achieved in building research, influencing every aspect of the process. NYU Shanghai's American identity has shaped academic practices and workloads, and NYU's multi-site structure provides significant networks and resources, yet the institution has also adapted to its Chinese identity and local stakeholders. Dual identity has generated policy conflicts and logistical hurdles yet has also opened institutional and academic opportunities unavailable to other US institutions. While every IBC is embedded in a complex and partly unique context, this study suggests a reflexive understanding of research capacity building in such settings, and contributes to empirical knowledge of cross-border institutions, especially in China.
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- 2024
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