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Integrating more active components into a catalyst material could facilitate the development of multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications. In this study, we developed a multifunctional electrocatalyst, namely, Pd alloyed with Co-Fe deposited on N-doped mesoporous carbon derived from tissue paper (Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC). The synergism in Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC, stemming from the interatomic alloy between Pd and Co-Fe, N-doped mesoporous carbon with defective surfaces, distribution of polyhedral Pd nanoparticles, and strong metal-support interfacial interaction, resulted in significantly high electrocatalytic performance for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC was found to be an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, and this was evidenced by a high onset potential (1.01 V) and kinetic current density (2.6 mA/cm2) for the ORR and by a low overpotential (296 mV) and a low Tafel slope value (38 mV/dec) for the OER, along with a small Δ E of 736 mV. The catalyst also exhibited high durability for both ORR and OER, even after 10000 and 5000 cycles, respectively. Theoretical assessment provides an insight into the synergism of active metal sites in Pd@Co-Fe/N-TDC, which showed its potential for use as a non-Pt electrocatalyst for energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the attractive combinations of cell/surface interactions, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V, there is still a need to enhance the early stages of cell/surface integration that are associated with the implantation of biomedical devices into the human body. This paper presents a novel, easy and reproducible method of nanoscale and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti-6Al-4V. The resulting nanoscale coatings/nanostructures are characterized using a combination of Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The nanostructured/nanoscale coatings are shown to enhance the early stages of cell spreading and integration of bone cells (hFOB cells) on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The improvements include the acceleration of extra-cellular matrix, cell spreading and proliferation by nanoscale HA structures on the coated surfaces. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of HA nanostructures for the improved osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V in orthopedic and dental applications., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

In view of a large number of people infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with great harm followed, there is an urgent need to develop a non-invasive, easy-to-operate, and rapid detection method, and to identify effective sterilization strategies. In this study, highly specific nanoprobes with nanozyme activity, Ag@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with the antibody, were utilized as a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The optical label (Ag@Pt NPs) was enhanced by the introduction of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and compared with a gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) optical label. Under the optimal condition, Ag@Pt-LFIA and TMB-enhanced Ag@Pt-LFIA for H. pylori were successfully established, two of which were over twofold and 100-fold more sensitive than conventional visual Au NP-based LFIA, respectively. Furthermore, Ag@Pt NPs with the antibody irradiated with NIR laser (808 nm) at a power intensity of 550 mW/cm 2 for 5 min exhibited a remarkable antibacterial effect. The nanoprobes could close to bacteria through effective interactions between antibodies and bacteria, thereby benefiting photothermal sterilization. Overall, Ag@Pt NPs provide promising applications in pathogen detection and therapeutic applications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

The history of antimony modification of Al–Si casting alloys is reviewed, together with the important technical and commercial reasons why antimony is no longer used as a modifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facile fabrication of flexible substrates containing high concentration of nanoparticles (NPs) is very promising owing to their capability of swab-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) trace detection. However, the background signal of the substrate could compromise the trace-detection capabilities. Moreover, the presence of fluorescent molecules may result in intense fluorescence background which could overshadow the Raman peaks. Herein, we demonstrate that the surfactant-free bimetallic (Ag and Au) NPs, synthesized directly on the filter paper, are very effective in reducing the background signal in SERS-based trace detection. Simple soaking of filter paper in a mixture of HAuCl 4 and AgNO 3 solution, and its immediate drying and reduction produces Au-Ag alloy NPs on the filter paper. Interestingly, the substrates are very effective in quenching the background fluorescence of both filter paper and the analyte, thereby effectively detecting the SERS signature of the fluorescent molecules. In particular, Rhodamine6G (R6G) concentrations down to 10−10 M were detected under resonance excitation, both by solution drying and swabbing. The swab detection of ammonium nitrate, which is usually used in homemade explosives, was also demonstrated. Moreover, owing to the fluorescence quenching properties, the Au-Ag alloy substrates (AuAgS) were able to carry out the swab-based multiplex-detection of crystal violet (CV), Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB), and R6G upon resonance excitation of R6G. Finally, the substrates have shown good reproducibility, stability, and signal uniformity. This verifies the potential of AuAgS for real-world trace-detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Ru-Ni@Cu alloy catalyst with a well-connected two-phase or three-phase contact interface is fabricated as an alternative to a Pt-based catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis in this study. For optimum bonding and adhesion stability, the alloy particles are grown directly on carbon paper (CP) by the hydrothermal method. The alloy particles are composed of central Cu cores, Ni nests wrapped around Cu core, and small (2.0 nm) Ru nanoparticles embedded at the Ni nests. The Ni surface readily adsorbs water, the high conductivity of Cu increases the electron density of the electrode surface to facilitate water splitting, and the Ru surface adsorbs more H+ ions, thus promoting hydrogen production in the Ru-Ni@Cu alloy. Eventually, despite the use of only 1.0 wt% Ru, the 1% Ru-Ni@Cu/CP electrode exhibits a low overpotential of −0.15 V (η = 246 mV and 87.08 mV dec−1) at 100 mA cm−2 in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, similarly to the −0.1 V overpotential of the 100% Pt/CP electrode. The electrode maintains excellent catalytic activity without deterioration for 10 days with a Faraday efficiency of 96.89% (50 h) HER and 3000th LSV cycles. [Display omitted] • Ru-Ni@Cu alloy with three-phase interface grown directly onto CP. • Cu core in the center, Ni nest on the outside, and 2.0 nm-sized Ru particle between Cu and Ni. • Hydrogen production promoted by more H+ ions adsorption on the Ru surface. • A low overpotential of −0.15 V even though only 1.0 wt.-% Ru usage. • Faraday efficiency of 96.89% for 3000 min-HER, without catalytic deactivation for 10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical alloys, like many engineering alloys, have chemical or physical heterogeneities at the surface, and such heterogeneities can potentially act as sites for pit initiation. Alloys of particular interest are 316/316L (and 316LVM) stainless steel, nitinol, and CoCr alloys. This review focuses on the sites-generally inclusions-that have been associated with pitting in various studies of biomedical alloys in simulated physiological solutions. The effect of these sites is discussed in relation to factors such as type and size. For both 316/316L stainless steel and nitinol, pitting has been found to initiate at two different types of inclusions: sulfide and oxide inclusions in stainless steel, and carbide and oxide inclusions in nitinol. Sulfide inclusions tend to be the predominant sites for pitting on 316/316L stainless steel, while there is some evidence to suggest that carbide inclusions may be more effective than oxide inclusions for pitting on nitinol. CoCrMo alloys differ from the other two alloys in that, although particles can be present in the form of carbides, the carbides typically do not provide sites for pit initiation except possibly for alloys with a high-C content, certain heat treatments, and when anodically polarized to high potentials. CoNiCrMo differs further in that TiN inclusions can be present in the vicinity of pits and might be associated with them, but irrespective of the initiation site, any pits are unlikely to grow because of repassivation., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This response mainly deals with the scientific description of the comments on the structure of the published compound (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)(Fe 1/2 W 1/2)O 3. The newly designed (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)(Fe 1/2 W 1/2)O 3 compound was prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The ingredients were taken to satisfy the required stoichiometry/chemical composition to form a single-phase compound. The lattice parameters and structure is strongly affected by K and W doped elements. The structural analysis is supported by the results of other experimental techniques (dielectric study, Raman characterization, Hysteresis loop, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely explored as a potential biodegradable implant material. However, the fast degradation of Mg-based alloys under physiological environment has hindered their widespread use for implant applications till date. The present review focuses on in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg alloys, and preventive measures for biomedical applications. Initially, the corrosion assessment approaches to predict the degradation behavior of Mg alloys are discussed along with the measures to control rapid corrosion. Furthermore, this review attempts to explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior of different Mg alloys. It was found that the corrosion depends on experimental conditions, materials and the results of different assessment procedures hardly matches with each other. It has been demonstrated the corrosion rate of magnesium can be tailored by alloying elements, surface treatments and heat treatments. Various researches also studied different biocompatible coatings such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on, on Mg alloys to suppress rapid degradation and examine their influence on new bone regeneration as well. This review shows the need for a standard method of corrosion assessment to predict the in vivo corrosion rate based on in vitro data, and thus reducing the in vivo experimentation., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Nanoalloy shows significant advantages and broad application prospects in chemical catalysis, due to the possessed high specific surface energy and abundant active sites can greatly promote their catalytic performance. In this work, morphology-controlled Cu-Sn alloy nanosheet arrays supported on carbon fiber paper (CP) substrate (Cu-Sn/CP) have been developed by a facile one-step electrodeposition technique at room temperature for the first time. Benefiting from the large active surface area, considerable ion transport channels and strong synergistic catalytic effect between Cu and Sn, the as-prepared Cu-Sn/CP served as a self-supported electrode for efficient nonenzymatic glucose sensing. Under optimized conditions, Cu-Sn/CP electrode offers wide linear ranges of 0.0005–2.0 mM and 2.0–10.0 mM, respectively. The detection limit is as low as 0.061 μM (S/N = 3). Cu-Sn/CP electrode also exhibited excellent selectivity and stability. Additionally, the proposed sensor is proven to be suitable for the detection of glucose in human serum samples. [Display omitted] • Morphology-controlled Cu-Sn/CP was first synthesized by a cost-efficient one step electrodeposition strategy. • Non-precious Cu-Sn alloy nanosheets were used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose for the first time. • Cu-Sn/CP showed high electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation with wide linear range and low detection limit. • The as-proposed biosensor exhibited excellent anti-interference ability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to different smelting processes, nonmetallic inclusions are divided into four grades: basic purity, industrial purity, high purity and ultra‐high purity to cope with the influence of inclusion size and quantity on INVAR foil. Smelting production was carried out according to different needs in OLED field. The concept of "extreme manufacturing" was inducted to design process. The "Four‐Ultra quality" controling that Ultra‐purity, Ultra‐smooth surface, Ultra‐flat shape and Ultra‐precise dimension were put forward and realized in the production process of INVAR alloy foil for FMM. The prepared INVAR alloy foil reached a high level and met the application requirements of FMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for chemiresistive gas sensor, while TMD alloys (two chalcogenide or/and metal elements) with tunable electronic structures have drawn little attention in gas sensing. Herein, Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a facile sonication exfoliation method and then tested for ammonia sensing. The crystal structure, geometric morphology, and elemental composition of Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 NPs were investigated. The gas sensing measurements demonstrated Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 NPs with good response to ammonia at 80 °C with a limit of detection down to 500 part per billion (ppb). The sensor also displayed good stability as well as superb selectivity to ammonia in the presence of interferences, such as methanol, acetone, benzene, and cyclohexane. The theoretical calculations revealed Mo and W atoms at edges (such as Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 (010)) of sheet-like NPs as the active sites for ammonia adsorption. Electrons donated by the adsorbed ammonia were combined with holes in p-type Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 NPs, and the concentration of the main charge carrier was reduced, resulting in resistance enhancement., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Nantokite (CuCl) locked inside subsurface micro-pits has been recognised as the driving force to the form of corrosion called bronze disease. The use of the traditional corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole is questioned because of toxicity. So there is a need for alternative conservation treatments. This work is focused on the experimental design to test the effectiveness of sodium oxalate followed by treatment with limewater to face bronze disease on outdoor bronzes. A number of foundry bronze coupons were exposed to weathering at Genoa Experimental Marine Station (GEMS) exposure site and sprayed twice a week with a 5% NaCl solution for the first 124 days. After 562 days of natural weathering, the patinas on coupons were characterised with non-destructive techniques (NDT) and the presence of nantokite was verified. We designed a workflow, as similar as possible to conservation treatments on real artworks, to test a 3% w/v sodium oxalate treatment with two different application times, with or without limewater, on the coupons. The effectiveness of the treatments was analysed by comparison of surface properties by several NDT measurements. A statistical approach and XRD measurements directly on the corroded bronze surfaces are suggested as an effective way to characterise and compare the overall behaviour of bronze disease treatments for conservation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Iron (Fe) and Fe-based scaffolds have become a research frontier in absorbable materials which is inherent to their promising mechanical properties including fatigue strength and ductility. Nevertheless, their slow corrosion rate and low biocompatibility have been their major obstacles to be applied in clinical applications. Over the last decade, various modifications on porous Fe-based scaffolds have been performed to ameliorate both properties encompassing surface coating, microstructural alteration via alloying, and advanced topologically order structural design produced by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The recent advent of AM produces topologically ordered porous Fe-based structures with an optimized architecture having controllable pore size and strut thickness, intricate internal design, and larger exposed surface area. This undoubtedly opens up new options for controlling Fe corrosion and its structural strengths. However, the in vitro biocompatibility of the AM porous Fe still needs to be addressed considering its higher corrosion rate due to the larger exposed surface area. This review summarizes the latest progress of the modifications on porous Fe-based scaffolds with a specific focus on their responses on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Within this work, we demonstrate the influences of different microgrooved surface topographies on the alignment and spreading of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells and present the optimal parameters for an improved soft-tissue integration design for dental implant abutments for the first time. Microgrooves with lateral widths from 2.5 to 75 μm were fabricated by UV-lithography and wet etching on bulk Ti6Al4V ELI material. The microstructured surfaces were compared to polished and ground surfaces as current state of the art. The resulting microtopographies were analyzed using vertical scanning interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. Samples loaded with HGF cells were incubated for 8 and 72 hr and cell orientation, spreading, resulting area, and relative gene expression were analyzed. The effect of contact guidance occurred on all microstructured surfaces yet there is a clear preferable range for the lateral widths of the microgrooves between approx. 11.5 and 13.9 μm and depths between 1.6 and 2.4 μm for an abutment surface design, where cell orientation and spreading maximizes. For structures larger than 30 μm, cell orientation, spreading and even gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and yes-associated protein decrease., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The solid-liquid interfacial energy is reported as 0.163 [[11]] for Al-Cu alloys with Cu concentrations between 35 and 40wt.%, and 0.172 J/m SP 2 sp [[12]] for an Al-6.4wt.%Ni alloy. The surface tension value of 1.29 N/m is for pure copper at its melting temperature of 1085°C [[5]]; not even the value for the surface tension of pure Al or an Al alloy. Keywords: Dendrite coarsening EN Dendrite coarsening 35 39 5 02/01/22 20220101 NES 220101 Recently, Correa et al. [[1]] conducted experiments on the relationship between solidification parameters, including solidification time I t SB s sb i and secondary dendrite arm spacing I SB 2 sb , i for an Al-3wt.%Cu-3wt.%Ni alloy. [Extracted from the article]

My comments concern the significant errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My comments concern the sever error in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. It was found that the studied crystal is of the sillenite type and the correct formula should be Bi 25 FeO 39 :Cd,Ti instead of some kind of solid solution based on BiFeO 3. Moreover, the type of unit cell is not correct. Due to the double doping the new type of unit cell, previously unknown, was proposed for such crystals. The actual chemical composition of the studied crystals is not known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My comments concern the significant error in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. It was discovered that the studied crystals are of sillenite type and the correct formula should be Bi 25 FeO 39 :Ni,Ti instead of BiFeO 3. Moreover, the type of unit cell is not correct. Due to the doping the new type of unit cell, previously unknown, was proposed for such crystals. It was found that the studied sample contains two slightly different phases of the sillenite type. The actual chemical composition of the studied crystals is not known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Effect of Final Rolling Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Sheets Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Rolling and Continuous Bending" has been retracted by the journal. The authors raised concerns about redundancy and the improper reuse of figures from one of their previous articles. An investigation confirmed that several figures in the retracted article were duplicated without proper citation or permission. The authors and the journal have decided to retract the article in accordance with the journal's retraction policy. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The aviation industry has seen consistent growth over the past few decades. To maintain its sustainability and competitiveness, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts across the entire life cycle of the industry, including materials, processes and resources; manufacturing and production; lifetime services; reuse; end-of-life; and recycling. One important component of aircraft engines, integral rotors known as Blisks, are made of high-value metallic alloys that require complex and resource-intensive manufacturing processes. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ecological and economical impacts generated through Blisk production and thereby identify significant 'hot-spots'. Design/methodology/approach: This paper focuses on the methodology and approach for conducting a full-scale Blisk life cycle assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14040/44. Unlike previous papers in the European Aerospace Science Network series, which focused on the first two stages of LCA, this publication delves into the "life cycle impact assessment" and "interpretation" stages, providing an overview of the life cycle inventory modeling, impact category selection and presenting preliminary LCA results for the Blisk manufacturing process chain. Findings: The result shows that the milled titanium Blisk has a lower CO2 footprint than the milled nickel Blisk, which is less than half of the global warming potential (GWP) of the milled nickel Blisk. A main contributor to GWP arises from raw material production. However, no recycling scenarios were included in the analysis, which will be the topic of further investigations. Originality/value: The originality of this work lies in the detailed ecological assessment of the manufacturing for complex engine components and the derivation of hot spots as well as potential improvements in terms of eco-footprint reduction throughout the products cradle-to-gate cycle. The LCA results serve as a basis for future approaches of process chain optimisation, use of "greener" materials and individual process improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The welded joints of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) have shown sound mechanical properties, indicating high promise for the industrial application of this new type of metal alloy. However, these joints possess either relatively low strength or low ductility. In this paper, we used ultrasonic-assisted laser welding to weld CrCoNi MEA with the nitrogen as shielding gas. The results showed that the tensile strength of the joint at room and cryogenic temperature is 686 MPa and 1071 MPa, respectively. The elongation at room and cryogenic temperature is 26.8% and 27.7%, respectively. The combination of the strength and ductility in our joints exceeds that of other welded H/MEA joints. We attributed this excellent combination to the refined dendrite, the solution of nitrogen into the matrix, and the low stacking fault energy of the CrCoNi MEA. The findings in this paper not only provide a novel way to weld H/MEAs with high strength and ductility, also are useful for additively manufacturing the high-performance component of H/MEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the precipitation behavior and its effect on resistivity in a new type of nickel–iron-based alloy during short-term aging were investigated. During the aging process, the γ ′ phase increases in average size and decreases in number, with its area fraction fluctuating over time. This fluctuation is caused by the mismatch in the redissolution and growth rates of the γ ′ phase. As the area fraction of the γ ′ phase increases, the content of solute atoms in the matrix that scatter electrons decreases, lowering the resistivity of the alloy. Additionally, the continuous precipitation of M 23 C 6 at grain boundaries during aging causes the resistivity to gradually increase. This paper explains the fluctuation in the total amount of γ ′ phase during short-term aging and proposes a new method for characterizing the precipitation behavior of the γ ′ phase in the novel alloy using the relative trend of resistivity changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented in this paper was undertaken in response to two instances of unexpected blade breakage in the cutting blade used in a Carton Wrap machine (CW). Failure of the Al7075 alloy blade occurred at an indentation during typical operational loading conditions. Subsequent metallographic examinations of the fractured samples confirmed that both cases were attributed to fatigue failure. The main objective of this study is to investigate potential causes of fatigue failure in the CW blade using simplified linear elastic static numerical simulations through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In this research, we employed the well-established Theory of Critical Distance (TCD), and this case study provided a contextualization at an industrial level. Furthermore, the analysis focused on a second key aspect: proposing a new blade geometry aimed at mitigating the identified issues and eliminating possible causes of failure. In this context, the actual stress concentration at the indentation was determined using the TCD with Line Method (LM). The results from the numerical simulations indicated that the new blade geometry significantly reduced stress concentration, resulting in a risk factor reduction of approximately four compared to the original blade design, even under non-optimal operating conditions. Overall, in conjunction with simple linear static FEA, the proposed numerical approach provided substantial support for designers, especially in fault analysis and when comparing different industrial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Li-rich dual-phase Li-Cu alloy is a promising candidate toward practical application of Li metal anode due to its in situ formed unique three-dimensional (3D) skeleton of electrochemical inert LiCu x solid-solution phase. Since a thin layer of metallic Li phase appears on the surface of as-prepared Li-Cu alloy, the LiCu x framework cannot regulate Li deposition efficiently in the first Li plating process. Herein, a lithiophilic LiC 6 headspace is capped on the upper surface of the Li-Cu alloy, which can not only offer free space to accommodate Li deposition and maintain dimensional stability of the anode, but also provide abundant lithiophilic sites and guide Li deposition effectively. This unique bilayer architecture is fabricated via a facile thermal infiltration method, where the Li-Cu alloy layer with an ultrathin thickness around 40 μm occupies the bottom of a carbon paper (CP) sheet, and the upper part of this 3D porous framework is reserved as the headspace for Li storage. Notably, the molten Li can quickly convert these carbon fibers of the CP into lithiophilic LiC 6 fibers while the CP is touched with the liquid Li. The synergetic effect between the LiC 6 fibers framework and LiCu x nanowires scaffold can ensure a uniform local electric field and stable Li metal deposition during cycling. As a consequence, the CP capped ultrathin Li-Cu alloy anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability and rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]