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BACKGROUND: In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources. METHODS: The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated. RESULTS: Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture. CONCLUSIONS: This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.

Biosorption of metal ions by phototrophic microorganisms is regarded as a sustainable and alternative method for bioremediation and metal recovery. In this study, 12 cyanobacterial strains, including 7 terrestrial and 5 aquatic cyanobacteria, covering a broad phylogenetic diversity were investigated for their potential application in the enrichment of rare earth elements through biosorption. A screening for the maximum adsorption capacity of cerium, neodymium, terbium, and lanthanum was conducted in which Nostoc sp. 20.02 showed the highest adsorption capacity with 84.2–91.5 mg g-1. Additionally, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, Calothrix brevissima SAG 34.79, Desmonostoc muscorum 90.03, and Komarekiella sp. 89.12 were promising candidate strains, with maximum adsorption capacities of 69.5–83.4 mg g-1, 68.6–83.5 mg g-1, 44.7–70.6 mg g-1, and 47.2–67.1 mg g-1 respectively. Experiments with cerium on adsorption properties of the five highest metal adsorbing strains displayed fast adsorption kinetics and a strong influence of the pH value on metal uptake, with an optimum at pH 5 to 6. Studies on binding specificity with mixed-metal solutions strongly indicated an ion-exchange mechanism in which Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions are replaced by other metal cations during the biosorption process. Depending on the cyanobacterial strain, FT-IR analysis indicated the involvement different functional groups like hydroxyl and carboxyl groups during the adsorption process. Overall, the application of cyanobacteria as biosorbent in bioremediation and recovery of rare earth elements is a promising method for the development of an industrial process and has to be further optimized and adjusted regarding metal-containing wastewater and adsorption efficiency by cyanobacterial biomass.

In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose–response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and in vitro studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.

LIVE!sTREAMs!* FIS Nordic Combined Continental Cup Ruka 2022 Live Free Tv BROADCAST CLICK TO WATCH FREE LIVE It can be hard to know where to watch rugby on TV — especially in the US. Read on to learn how to watch wherever you live!Rugby is a sport that is already immensely popular in certain parts of the world and is starting to gain traction in countries such as the United States and Canada. As a result, interest in streaming rugby matches is significant/increasing. Streaming your favorite sport is not always easy, especially when you’re trying to watch from another country. Interest in rugby, a contact sport similar in many ways to football, has been steadily growing in the United States for some years now. While it’s easier than ever to find a local team to play with, it’s not so easy to watch a professional rugby game in the United States. If you’re a dedicated rugby fan looking to watch professional games, there is some good news for you. While there are quite a few ways to stream live rugby games in the US, you’ll have to stay up late to catch the game (or in some cases wake up early). We’re taking a look at some of the most efficient ways to stream rugby, no matter what country the game is taking place in. Here’s a quick preview of some upcoming games that you can stream live. All times are in Eastern and Pacific Time. 2021-09-09: Version 6.0.0 was created. Now includes data for the North Sea Link (NSL) interconnector from Great Britain to Norway (https://www.northsealink.com). The previous version (5.0.4) should not be used - as there was an error with interconnector data having a static value over the summer 2021.dd Version 144 of the dataset. MAJOR CHANGE NOTE: The dataset files: full_dataset.tsv.gz and full_dataset_clean.tsv.gz have been split in 1 GB parts using the Linux utility called Split. So make sure to join the parts before unzipping. We had to make this change as we had huge issues uploading files larger than 2GB's (hence the delay in the dataset releases). The peer-reviewed publication for this dataset has now been published in Epidemiologia an MDPI journal, and can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia2030024. Please cite this when using the dataset.gd This dataset contains impact metrics and indicators for a set of publications that are related to the COVID-19 infectious disease and the coronavirus that causes it. It is based on:gs Τhe CORD-19 dataset released by the team of Semantic Scholar1 and Τhe curated data provided by the LitCovid hub2.sa These data have been cleaned and integrated with data from COVID-19-TweetIDs and from other sources (e.g., PMC). The result was dataset of 621,235 unique articles along with relevant metadata (e.g., the underlying citation network). We utilized this dataset to produce, for each article, the values of the following impact measures:gww Influence: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact of an article. This is based on the PageRank3 network analysis method. In the context of citation networks, it estimates the importance of each article based on its centrality in the whole network. This measure was calculated using the PaperRanking (https://github.com/diwis/PaperRanking) library4.sff Influence_alt: Citation-based measure reflecting the total impact of an article. This is the Citation Count of each article, calculated based on the citation network between the articles contained in the BIP4COVID19 dataset. Popularity: Citation-based measure reflecting the current impact of an article. This is based on the AttRank5 citation network analysis method. Methods like PageRank are biased against recently published articles (new articles need time to receive their first citations). AttRank alleviates this problem incorporating an attention-based mechanism, akin to a time-restricted version of preferential attachment, to explicitly capture a researcher's preference to read papers which received a lot of attention recently. This is why it is more suitable to capture the current "hype" of an article.ggwsw Due to the relevance of the COVID-19 global pandemic, we are releasing our dataset of tweets acquired from the Twitter Stream related to COVID-19 chatter. Since our first release we have received additional data from our new collaborators, allowing this resource to grow to its current size. Dedicated data gathering started from March 11th yielding over 4 million tweets a day. We have added additional data provided by our new collaborators from January 27th to March 27th, to provide extra longitudinal coverage. Version 10 added ~1.5 million tweets in the Russian language collected between January 1st and May 8th, gracefully provided to us by: Katya Artemova (NRU HSE) and Elena Tutubalina (KFU). From version 12 we have included daily hashtags, mentions and emoijis and their frequencies the respective zip files. From version 14 we have included the tweet identifiers and their respective language for the clean version of the dataset. Since version 20 we have included language and place location for all tweets.dfgg 2021-05-05: Version 5.0.0 was created. Datetimes now in ISO 8601 format (with capital letter 'T' between the date and time) rather than previously with a space (to RFC 3339 format) and with an offset to identify both UTC and localtime. MW values now all saved as integers rather than floats. Elexon data as always from www.elexonportal.co.uk/fuelhh, National Grid data from https://data.nationalgrideso.com/demand/historic-demand-data Raw data now added again for comparison of pre and post cleaning - to allow for training of additional cleaning methods. If using Microsoft Excel, the T between the date and time can be removed using the =SUBSTITUTE() command - and substitute "T" for a space " "gww 2021-03-02: Version 4.0.0 was created. Due to a new interconnecter (IFA2 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFA-2) being commissioned in Q1 2021, there is an additional column with data from National Grid - this is called 'POWER_NGEM_IFA2_FLOW_MW' in the espeni dataset. In addition, National Grid has dropped the column name 'FRENCH_FLOW' that used to provide the value for the column 'POWER_NGEM_FRENCH_FLOW_MW' in previous espeni versions. However, this has been changed to 'IFA_FLOW' in National Grid's original data, which is now called 'POWER_NGEM_IFA_FLOW_MW' in the espeni dataset. Lastly, the IO14 columns have all been dropped by National Grid - and potentially unlikely to appear again in future.fgwf 2020-12-02: Version 3.0.0 was created. There was a problem with earlier versions local time format - where the +01:00 value was not carried through into the data properly. Now addressed - therefore - local time now has the format e.g. 2020-03-31 20:00:00+01:00 when in British Summer Time.stuu 2020-10-03: Version 2.0.0 was created as it looks like National Grid has had a significant change to the methodology underpinning the embedded wind calculations. The wind profile seems similar to previous values, but with an increasing value in comparison to the value published in earlier the greater the embedded value is. The 'new' values are from https://data.nationalgrideso.com/demand/daily-demand-update from 2013.fgew Previously: raw and cleaned datasets for Great Britain's publicly available electrical data from Elexon (www.elexonportal.co.uk) and National Grid (https://demandforecast.nationalgrid.com/efs_demand_forecast/faces/DataExplorer). Updated versions with more recent data will be uploaded with a differing version number and doidf All data is released in accordance with Elexon's disclaimer and reservation of rights.derrr This disclaimer is also felt to cover the data from National Grid, and the parsed data from the Energy Informatics Group at the University of Birmingham.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) started operating under its new legal mandate on 1 April 2022. The mandate brings new responsibilities to the Agency in three different areas: • Reinforcement of the role and activities of the EMA pandemic Task Force(which is now known as the Emergency Task Force (ETF)). • A stronger role of EMA in the monitoring of shortages of critical medicines, medical devices and in-vitro diagnostics, both in anticipation of and during a crisis. • A more coordinated mechanism of European Union (EU) experts advice on medical devices classified as high-risk (class IIa and III or class D (1)) and in-vitro diagnostic medical devices. Here we consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of EMA and the European medicines regulatory network, and how EMA’s new mandate will strengthen the Agency’s and the Network’s ability to face crises. EMA’s extended mandate brings clear benefits in terms of response to public health emergencies at EU level, which ranges from improvements in crisis management to avoiding medicine shortages and improving access to diagnostics and medical devices that are safe and conform to their expected function.

DIS2022 conference presentation

This paper is on a brief interpretation of class P and NP as bounds over the number of jumps between strings in an infinite Hamming cube consisting all the instances of a language on a Turing machine’s tape. It is shown that P and NP are more comparable when defined in Hamming space respecting its cubic structure; while, this results P = NP.

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In order to survive and thrive, man has required and utilized energy at an increasing pace ever since he first appeared on the planet a few million years ago. As a result, a significant amount of energy has been depleted and squandered. In nations with large populations, such as India and China, where fitness centres are very popular, the idea of repurposing waste energy generated by gym pulleys is a no-brainer. We're using a non-traditional approach to generate electrical power in this project by just pulling up and pulling down. Our country's reliance on non-traditional sources of energy is more important than ever. The conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy occurs via non-conventional energy sources such as pull-ups and pull-downs. Force energy is converted into electrical energy in this project. Modern technology has made it feasible to use human power in a more effective method for generating. Pull up pull down power is a great source of energy, with 95 percent of the effort put into it being turned into energy. The business has introduced a human-powered energy producing system for the public to see. To generate electricity, the user of this device must raise and lower gym equipment. &nbsp

In analogy to higher plants, eukaryotic microalgae are thought to be incapable of utilizing green light for growth, due to the "green gap" in the absorbance profiles of their photosynthetic pigments. This study demonstrates, that the marine chlorophyte

In this study water soluble compounds that form complexes with Rare Earth Elements (REE) and other metals were isolated from Calothrix brevissima biomass with chromatographic methods for the first time. Molecular characterization showed that the isolated compounds are most likely polysaccharides comprised of arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. FT-IR analysis revealed functional groups involved in the binding mechanism of Tb are likely sulfate- and to a lesser extend hydroxyl-groups. The binding specificity of the isolated compounds was investigated with different metal solutions. Here, ions of the alkali and alkaline earth metals Na, K, Mg and Ca showed no competition for Tb-binding even at 10-fold excess concentration. Ions of the elements Co and Pb on the other hand replaced Tb at higher concentrations. Addition of the isolated compounds significantly reduced the precipitation of Eu at pH-values between 6.7 and 9.5, indicating that the interaction between the isolated chelators and Rare Earth Metals is stable even at high pH-values.

Geologic ontology

In this study water soluble compounds that form complexes with Rare Earth Elements (REE) and other metals were isolated from

Chinese named entity recognition in the geoscience domain based on BERT

In analogy to higher plants, eukaryotic microalgae are thought to be incapable of utilizing green light for growth, due to the “green gap” in the absorbance profiles of their photosynthetic pigments. This study demonstrates, that the marine chlorophyte Picochlorum sp. is able to grow efficiently under green light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Picochlorum sp. growth and pigment profiles under blue, red, green and white LED illumination (light intensity: 50–200 μmol m−2 s−1) in bottom-lightened shake flask cultures were evaluated. Green light-treated cultures showed a prolonged initial growth lag phase of one to 2 days, which was subsequently compensated to obtain comparable biomass yields to red and white light controls (approx. 0.8 gDW L−1). Interestingly, growth and final biomass yields of the green light-treated sample were higher than under blue light with equivalent illumination energies. Further, pigment analysis indicated, that during green light illumination, Picochlorum sp. formed unknown pigments (X1-X4). Pigment concentrations increased with illumination intensity and were most abundant during the exponential growth phase. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data indicated, that pigments X1-X2 and X3-X4 are derivatives of chlorophyll b and a, which harbor C=C bonds in the phytol side chain similar to geranylgeranylated chlorophylls. Thus, for the first time, the natural accumulation of large pools (approx. 12 mg gDW−1) of chlorophyll intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains is demonstrated for algae under monochromatic green light (Peak λ 510 nm, full width at half maximum 91 nm). The ability to utilize green light offers competitive advantages for enhancing biomass production, particularly under conditions of dense cultures, long light pathways and high light intensity. Green light acclimation for an eukaryotic microalgae in conjunction with the formation of new aberrant geranylgeranylated chlorophylls and high efficiency of growth rates are novel for eukaryotic microalgae. Illumination with green light could enhance productivity in industrial processes and trigger the formation of new metabolites–thus, underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

International audience; We compare disagreement in expectations and the frequency of forecast revisions among five categories of agents: households, firms, professional forecasters, policymakers and participants to laboratory experiments. We provide evidence of disagreement among all categories of agents. There is however a strong heterogeneity across categories: while policymakers and professional forecasters exhibit low disagreement, firms and households show strong disagreement. This translates into a heterogeneous frequency of forecast revision across categories of agents, with policymakers revising more frequently their forecasts than firms and professional forecasters. Households last revise less frequently. We are also able to explore the external validity of experimental expectations.

International audience; Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous heavy metal that originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources and is transformed in the environment to its most toxicant form, methylmercury (MeHg). Recent studies suggest that MeHg exposure can alter epigenetic modifications during embryogenesis. In this study, we examined associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and levels of cord blood DNA methylation (DNAm) by meta-analysis in up to seven independent studies (n = 1462) as well as persistence of those relationships in blood from 7 to 8 year-old children (n = 794). In cord blood, we found limited evidence of differential DNAm at cg24184221 in MED31 (β = 2.28 × 10−4, p-value = 5.87 × 10−5) in relation to prenatal MeHg exposure. In child blood, we identified differential DNAm at cg15288800 (β = 0.004, p-value = 4.97 × 10−5), also located in MED31. This repeated link to MED31, a gene involved in lipid metabolism and RNA Polymerase II transcription function, may suggest a DNAm perturbation related to MeHg exposure that persists into early childhood. Further, we found evidence for association between prenatal MeHg exposure and child blood DNAm levels at two additional CpGs: cg12204245 (β = 0.002, p-value = 4.81 × 10−7) in GRK1 and cg02212000 (β = −0.001, p-value = 8.13 × 10−7) in GGH. Prenatal MeHg exposure was associated with DNAm modifications that may influence health outcomes, such as cognitive or anthropometric development, in different populations.

International audience; Projected changes in precipitation extremes and their uncertainties are evaluated using an ensemble of global climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). They are scaled by corresponding changes either in global mean surface temperature (ΔGSAT) or in local surface temperature (ΔT) and are expressed in terms of 20-yr return values (RV20) of annual maximum one-day precipitation. Our main objective is to quantify the model response uncertainty and to highlight the regions where changes may not be consistent with the widely used assumption of a Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate of ≈7%/K. When using a single realization for each model, as in the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the assessed inter-model spread includes both model uncertainty and internal variability, which can be however assessed separately using a large ensemble. Despite the overestimated inter-model spread, our results show a robust enhancement of extreme precipitation with more than 90% of models simulating an increase of RV20. Moreover, this increase is consistent with the CC rate of ≈7%/K over about 83% of the global land domain when scaled by (ΔGSAT). Our results also advocate for producing multiple single model initial condition ensembles in the next CMIP projections, to better filter internal variability out in estimating the response of extreme events.

International audience; To tackle interpretability in deep learning, we present a novel framework to jointly learn a predictive model and its associated interpretation model. The interpreter provides both local and global interpretability about the predictive model in terms of human-understandable high level attribute functions, with minimal loss of accuracy. This is achieved by a dedicated architecture and well chosen regularization penalties. We seek for a small-size dictionary of high level attribute functions that take as inputs the outputs of selected hidden layers and whose outputs feed a linear classifier. We impose strong conciseness on the activation of attributes with an entropy-based criterion while enforcing fidelity to both inputs and outputs of the predictive model. A detailed pipeline to visualize the learnt features is also developed. Moreover, besides generating interpretable models by design, our approach can be specialized to provide post-hoc interpretations for a pre-trained neural network. We validate our approach against several state-of-the-art methods on multiple datasets and show its efficacy on both kinds of tasks.