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Family ASPICULIDAE Won, Iams & Reed, 2005 Aspiculidae Won, Iams & Reed, 2005: 440, 441. Aspiculumidae – Won, Iams & Reed, 2005: 438 (nom. correct. Maletz [2011a: 130]). Neoaspiculumidae Won & Iams, 2011: 164., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 485, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WON M. Z., IAMS W. J & REED K. 2005. - Earliest Ordovician (Early to MiddleTremadocian) radiolarian faunas of the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 79 (3): 433 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 0022 - 3360 (2005) 079 2.0. CO; 2","MALETZ J. 2011 a. - Radiolarian skeletal structures and biostratigraphy in the early Palaeozoic (Cambrian-Ordovician). Palaeoworld 20: 116 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palwor. 2010.12.007","WON M. Z. & IAMS W. J. 2011. - Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 85 (1): 156 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 10 - 102.1"]}

Cyrtentactinia Foreman, 1963 Cyrtentactinia Foreman, 1963: 284. TYPE SPECIES. — Cyrtentactinia primotica Foreman, 1963 (Foreman 1963: 285, pl. 8, fig. 2a-c, pl. 9, fig. 3a-b). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Devonian, Huron member, Ohio Shale, USA. TAXON CODE. — 229. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Relatively large spherical or subspherical cephalis, enclosing a spicule with six to perhaps eight (commonly seven) rays arising from the ends of an oblique median bar. Thorax, perforate or imperforate, with or without marginal teeth, not separated from the cephalis by regular collar pores. The rays of the internal spicule continue beyond the wall of the cephalis, and in and beyond the wall of the cephalis, and in and beyond the thoracic wall, as external spines” (Foreman 1963: 284). REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — “A single, perforate, pylomate lattice shell with internal spicular system incorporating six or seven rays. Externally, more than four main spines, usually seven and only rarely five, two to four of which are incorporated in the pylome margin. A pylome net is sometimes present and in some species, and in some individuals of other species, it is considered that spicules are secondary lost.” (Holdsworth 1973: 122)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["FOREMAN H. P. 1963. - Upper Devonian Radiolaria from the Huron member of the Ohio shale. Micropaleontology 9 (3): 267 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1484751","HOLDSWORTH B. K. 1973. - The Radiolaria of the Baltalimani Formation, lower Carboniferous, Istanbul, Paleozoic of Istanbul. Ege Universitesi Fen Fakultesi Kitaplar Serisi (Jeoloji) 40: 117 - 134."]}

Nazarovella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 Nazarovella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984: 101. TYPE SPECIES. — Nazarovella gracilis De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 101, pl. 1, fig. 14-15, 17). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Permian, Kamigori Belt, SW Japan. TAXON CODE. — 192. STATUS. — Homonym of the Triassic radiolarian Nazarovella Kozur & Mostler, 1979 (replacement name Raciditor by Sugiyama [2000]); and Junior synonym of Quadricaulis Caridroit & De Wever, 1986 (herein). DIAGNOSIS. — “Formes à 4 appendices inégaux disposés selon un modèle tétraédrique; 3 sont bien développés, le quatrième est petit. La partie centrale a une forme de tétraèdre globuleux.” (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 101). DIAGNOSIS (ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Shells with 4 unequal appendices distributed following a tetrahedral pattern; 3 of them are well-developed, the fourth being small. Central part displays a globular tetrahedral shape”. REMARKS We treat this genus as a junior synonym of Quadricaulus because the holotype appears to be a broken specimen of Quadricaulus, and the unequal size of the 4 th arm a result of that breakage., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 465, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["CARIDROIT M. & DE WEVER P. 1984. - Description de quelques nouvelles especes de Follicucullidae et d'Entactinidae (Radiolaires polycystines) du Permien du Japon. Geobios 17 (5): 639 - 644. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (84) 80035 - 2","KOZUR H. W. & MOSTLER H. 1979. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil III: Die Oberfamilien Actinommacea HAECKEL 1862 emend., Artiscacea HAECKEL 1882, Multiarcusellacea nov. der Spumellaria und triassische Nassellaria. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 9 (1 / 2): 1 - 132.","SUGIYAMA K. 2000. - Replacement names for Permian stauraxon radiolarians. Paleontological Research 4 (3): 227, 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / prpsj. 4.227","CARIDROIT M. & DE WEVER P. 1986. - Some late Permian radiolarians from pelitic rocks of the Tatsuno formation (Hyogo Prefecture), southwest Japan. Marine Micropaleontology 11: 55 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (86) 90005 - 8"]}

Glanta Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990 sensu Umeda (1998) Glanta Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990: 180. — Umeda 1998: 98. TYPE SPECIES. — Glanta fragilis Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990 (Wakamatsu et al. 1990: 181, pl. 12, figs 1-7). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Tlecerina - Glanta assemblage, Middle Devonian, Kurosegawa tectonic zone, southwest Japan. TAXON CODE. — 016. STATUS. — Valid. ORIGINAL DIAGNOSIS. — “ Ceratoikiscidae with bilaterally symmetric shell. Central skeletal frame triangular with five to six extratriangular rods. Shell perforate or imperforate, covering a.t. and the dorsal portion of i.t., supported by many trabeculae arising from a.t. and the dorsal portion of i.t. Aperture of the shell facing to the ventral portion of b.t. Single pair of free-developed caveal ribs originating from a-/b- junction, projecting almost perpendicularly to the central skeletal plane.”(Wakamatsu et al. 1990: 180). REMARKS Umeda (1998) emends the diagnosis to indicate that the lamellar shell is always perforate., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 424, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WAKAMATSU H., SUGIYAMA K. & FURUTANI H. 1990. - Silurian and Devonian radiolarians from the Kurosegawa Tectonic Zone, southwest Japan. Journal of Earth Sciences, Nagoya University 37: 157 - 192.","UMEDA M. 1998. - Early to Middle Devonian Ceratoikiscidae (Radiolaria) from the Yokokurayama Group in the Kurosegawa Terrane, Southwest Japan. Paleontological Research 2 (2): 96 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / prpsj. 2.96"]}

Apophysiactinia Won, 1997 Apophysiactinia Won, 1997a: 362. TYPE SPECIES. — Apophysiactinia trispinula Won, 1997 (Won 1997a: 364, pl. 6, fig. 13, 14, 17). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Frasnian (Upper Devonian), Gogo Formation, Canning Basin, Western Australia. TAXON CODE. — 077. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “With or without (?) a spherical shell, six rays arising from a median microbar, each ray having three apophyses at one or two levels. The apophyses can be elements of mesh forming a very loosely constructed shell or lie free on spines. Microthorns present along the rays and apophyses.” (Won 1997a: 362). REMARKS This genus is assigned to the Family Archaeosemantidae Kozur & Mostler 1981 the definition of which was emended by De Wever et al. (2001).

Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986 Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986: 134. TYPE SPECIES. — Deflandrellium georgesi Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 134, pl. 7, fig. 7, 13). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Famennian (Upper Devonian), Woodford Formation, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, USA. TAXON CODE. — 224. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with family but possessing five asymmetrically arranged spines on shell surface, and one subapical horn and four feet. Cephalis spherical, perforate having sparsely to densely distributed pores with pore cones. Pylome large, circular with four feet surrounding of which one foot is always slightly higher in position. The narrow pylome is skirt-like, imperforate lacking a marginal fringe.” (Cheng 1986: 134)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["CHENG Y. - N. 1986. - Taxonomic Studies on Upper Paleozoic Radiolaria. National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan, Special Publication, vol. 1, 310 p."]}

Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007 Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007: 281. TYPE SPECIES. — Labyrinthia inexpectata Maletz & Bruton, 2007 (Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281, fig. 27A-O). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Isograptus lunatus graptolite zone, Chewtonian-Castlemainian (Lower Ordovician), Valhallfonna Formation, Spitsbergen. TAXON CODE. — 236. STATUS. — Junior synonym of Beothuka Won & Iams, 2011. Won & Iams (2011). DIAGNOSIS. — “Labyrinthine spherical radiolarian with an indistinct microsphere and a variable number of external spines; labyrinthine mesh made of thin, anastomosing bandages.”(Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 476, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["MALETZ J. & BRUTON D. L. 2007. - Lower Ordovician (Chewtonian to Castlemainian) radiolarians of Spitsbergen. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5: 245 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477201907002039","WON M. Z. & IAMS W. J. 2011. - Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 85 (1): 156 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 10 - 102.1"]}

Ehrenbergia Li, 1995 Ehrenbergia Li, 1995: 335. TYPE SPECIES. — Ehrenbergia baijingensis Li, 1995 (Li 1995: 335, pl. 1, fig. 10). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Middle Ordovician: Darriwilian, the Baijingsi area in Qinghai Province. TAXON CODE. — 314. STATUS. — Nomen dubium. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with Family (campanulate, without apical horn and aperture). Shell is small, campanulate, single. Whole shell covered by linearly arranged continuous costae. Pores distributed in single row between costae, pores is small. Bottom of shell with a hollow cave.” (Li 1995: 335). REMARK It is not possible to determine the nature of this radiolarian from the figured specimen., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 491, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["LI H. S. 1995. - New genera and species of middle Ordovician Nassellaria and Albaillellaria from Baijingsi, Quilian Mountains, China. Scientia Geologica Sinica 4 (3): 331 - 346."]}

Bisphaera Won, 1997 Bisphaera Won, 1997a: 344. TYPE SPECIES. — Bisphaera solidispinosa Won, 1997 (Won 1997a: 346, pl. 3, fig. 9-11). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Devonian, Gogo Formation, Canning Basin. Western Australia. TAXON CODE. — 082. STATUS. — Homonym and Junior synonym of Trilonche Hinde, 1899 (by Maldonado & Noble 2010). DIAGNOSIS. — “Two spherical latticed shells with six to eight inner spines as well as a six- to eight-rays of an internal spicule with a median bar. No radial beam between the shells.” (Won 1997a: 344). REMARKS Won (1997a) emended the diagnosis of Entactinosphaera to exclude two-shelled species, and erected this genus to accommodate the two-shelled forms. The name is a homonym of a fusulinid foraminifer (Bisphaera Birina, 1948), and so the replacement name Duosphaera was proposed (Won 1998). However, the diagnosis is essentially that of Trilonche Hinde, 1899, which has priority (see De Wever et al. 2001: 180).

Kantollum Cheng, 1986 Kantollum Cheng, 1986: 163. TYPE SPECIES. — Kantollum pittsburgense Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 164, pl. 2, fig. 4, 8, 22). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Famennian to lower Kinderhookian (Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous), Woodford Formation, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, USA. TAXON CODE. — 230. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with subfamily, conical, strongly or weakly lobulate. Four or more lobes with strictures at joints. Single layer of irregularly arranged pore frames; microgranular layer usually covering the spherical to subspherical cephalis. Sturdy apical and/or subapical horns and spines confined to the cephalic wall.” (Cheng 1986: 142)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 474-475, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["CHENG Y. - N. 1986. - Taxonomic Studies on Upper Paleozoic Radiolaria. National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan, Special Publication, vol. 1, 310 p."]}

Archaeocenosphaera Obut & Iwata, 2000 Archaeocenosphaera Obut & Iwata, 2000: 33. TYPE SPECIES. — Archaeocenosphaera muricata Obut & Iwata, 2000 (Obut & Iwata 2000: 34, pl. 1, figs 1-3, 6-7). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Lower Cambrian, Gorny Altai, Southern West Siberia. TAXON CODE. — 050. STATUS. — Junior synonym of Altaiesphaera Obut & Iwata, 2000 (herein). DIAGNOSIS. — “Spheroidal oval radiolarians with one porous cortical shell, 80-100 µm diameter. Internal suture or spicules remain uncertain.” (Obut & Iwata 2000: 33). REMARKS In addition to being a junior synonym of Altaiesphaera, it is also a homonym of a Mesozoic radiolarian genus (type species Archaeocenosphaera ruesti Pessagno & Yang in Pessagno, Six & Yang, 1989)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["OBUT O. T. & IWATA K. 2000. - Lower Cambrian Radiolaria from the Gorny Altai (southern West Siberia). Novosti Paleontologii i Stratigrafii 2 - 3: 33 - 37.","PESSAGNO E. A., JR., SIX W. M. & YANG Q. 1989. - The Xiphostylidae Haeckel and Parvivaccidae, n. fam, (Radiolaria) from the North American Jurassic. Micropaleontology 35 (3): 193 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485682"]}

Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre, 1973 Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre, 1973d: 151. TYPE SPECIES. — Cerarchocyrtium ambiguum Deflandre, 1973d (Deflandre 1973d: 151, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 4, fig. 1). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Visean (Lower Carboniferous), Cabrières, Hérault, Montagne Noire, France. TAXON CODE. — 220. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Céphalis sphérique pourvu de deux cornes et d’un podome à 3 pieds avec un pseudo-thorax plus ou moins développé. Système trabéculaire à 5 trabécules.” (Deflandre 1973d: 151). DIAGNOSIS (English translation by J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Spherical cephalis bearing two horns and a podome with three feet and a more or less well-developed pseudo-thorax. Internal spicule with five spines.”, Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 472-473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["DEFLANDRE G. 1973 d. - Sur quelques nouvelles especes d' Archocyrtium, radiolaires Pylentonemidae du Viseen de Cabrieres. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Serie D: Sciences naturelles 277: 149 - 152. http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5474901 n"]}

Neoaspiculum Won & Iams, 2011 Neoaspiculum Won & Iams, 2011: 165. TYPE SPECIES. — Neoaspiculum headense Won & Iams, 2011 (Won & Iams 2011: 165, fig. 6.1-6.10, 6.12-6.17). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Floian (Lower Ordovician), Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland, Canada. TAXON CODE. — 286. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Spherical pylomate or non-pylomate skeleton consisting of multiple layers, each of which is indistinctly or distinctly separated from the neighboring layer.Meshwork commonly composed of bars, bandages, rarely displaying wide interpore areas, all of these types rarely co-occurring within a specimen. Shape and degree of development of a proloculus variable.” (Won & Iams 2011: 165)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 486, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WON M. Z. & IAMS W. J. 2011. - Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 85 (1): 156 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 10 - 102.1"]}

Diploplegma Hinde, 1890 Diploplegma Hinde, 1890: 48. TYPE SPECIES. — Diploplegma cinctum Hinde, 1890 (Hinde 1890: 48, pl. 3, fig. 10). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. —Upper Dapingian-Sandbian, Middle Ordovician from cherts in the Southern Uplands, Scotland. TAXON CODE. — 308. STATUS. — Nomen dubium. DIAGNOSIS. — “Liosphaerida with a relatively large inner (cortical?) test of irregularly reticulate or spongy framework and an outer shell of the same structure, the two connected by radial bars. In this genus the inner test is sufficiently large to be regarded as an inner cortical shell, and in this respect it resembles Liosphaera, Haeckel (‘Challenger’ Report, pt. i. p. 76), which has two cortical shells. It differs from Liosphaera, however, in the irregularly reticulate or spongy nature of tests.” (Hinde 1890: 48). REMARK It is not possible to determine the nature of this radiolarian from the figured specimen., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 490, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["HINDE G. J. 1890. - Notes on Radiolaria from the Lower Palaeozoic rocks (Llandeilo-Caradoc) of the south of Scotland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (31): 40 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939008693993"]}

Eoconcharium Hao & Shu, 1987 Eoconcharium Hao & Shu, 1987: 308. TYPE SPECIES. — Eoconcharium chinense Hao & Shu, 1987 (Hao & Shu 1987: 309, pl. 1, fig. 3a). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Lower Cambrian (Adtabanian, Eoredlichia Zone) Shuijingtuo Formation, Zhenba, Shaanxi Province, China. TAXON CODE. — 339. REMARK Identified as plates of the lobopodian Microdictyon (see Zhang & Aldridge 2007)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 496, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["HAO & SHU 1987. - The oldest know well-preserved Phaeodarina (Radiolaria) from southern Shansi. Geosciences (Beijing) 1 (3 - 4): 301 - 310.","ZHANG X. G. & ALDRIDGE R. J. 2007. - Development and diversification of trunk plates of the lower Cambrian lobopodians. Palaeontology 50: 401 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2006.00634. x"]}

Kappaforma Noble & Lenz, 2007 Kappaforma Noble & Lenz, 2007: 1050. TYPE SPECIES. — Kappaforma insecta Noble & Lenz, 2007 (Noble & Lenz 2007: 1052, figs 6.8, 6.9, 8.5-8.9). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Wenlock (Silurian), Cape Phillips Formation, Arctic Canada. TAXON CODE. — 019. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Basic frame consisting of three rods (kv- kd, ka, and cv) in same plane arranged crudely in shape of letter ‘‘k.’’ Longest rod straight and composed of two parts, dorsal half (kd) bearing caveal ribs, and ventral half (kv) partially covered in patagium. Patagium forms incomplete ring attaching along dorsal half of kv to ka rod” (Noble & Lenz 2007: 1050)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 425, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["NOBLE P. J. & LENZ A. C. 2007. - Upper Wenlock Ceratoikiscidae (Radiolaria) from the Cape Phillips Formation, Arctic Canada. Journal of Paleontology 81 (5): 1044 - 1052. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / pleo 05 - 053.1"]}

Tamonella Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980 Tamonella Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980: 7. TYPE SPECIES. — Tamonella multispinosa Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980 (Dumitrica et al. 1980: 7, pl. 10, fig. 1, 3, 8). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Anisian – lower Ladinian, Southern Alps, area of Recoaro and Tretto, Italy. TAXON CODE. — 248. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. —“Elongated-ellipsoidal spongy shell.Spongy network arrangedinmanylayers.Microsphereminute.Thenumerous (mostlymore than 10) spines are rather short, needle-like and situated only in the pole areas. They all have nearly the same length” (Dumitrica et al. 1980: 7)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["DUMITRICA P., KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1980. - Contribution to the radiolarian fauna of the Middle Triassic of the Southern Alps. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 10: 1 - 46."]}

Paurinella Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Paurinella Kozur & Mostler, 1981: 49. TYPE SPECIES. — Paurinella curvata Kozur & Mostler, 1981 (Kozur & Mostler 1981: 49, pl. 4, fig. 3, 6). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Anisian-Ladinian, Recoaro, Passo della Gabiola, Italy Taxon code: 246. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Schale spongiös, sphärisch bis subsphärisch, stets mit mehr als 10 konzentrisch angeordneten Schichten um eine winzige Mikrosphäre. Die drei Hauptstacheln sind rund und liegen in einer Ebene, z.T. sind sie gebogen.” (Kozur & Mostler 1981: 49). DIAGNOSIS (English translation J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Spongy shell, spherical to sub-spherical, invariably with more than ten concentrically arranged spheres around a tiny microsphere. The three main spines are round and are located in a plane, and are sometimes bent.”, Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["KOZUR H. W. & MOSTLER H. 1981. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil IV: Thalassosphaeracea HAECKEL 1862, Hexastylacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. PETRUSEVSKAJA 1979, Sponguracea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und weitere triassische Lithocycliacea, Trematodiscacea, Actinommacea und Nassellaria. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, Sonderband 1: 1 - 208."]}

Copiconulus Feng in Feng, He, Gu, Jin & Meng, 2006 Copiconulus Feng in Feng, He, Gu, Jin & Meng, 2006a: 31. TYPE SPECIES. — Copiconulus solidus Feng in Feng, He, Gu, Jin & Meng, 2006 (Feng et al. 2006a: 31, pl. 4, fig. 1-8). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Permian, Dongpan section, southwest Guangxi, South China. TAXON CODE. — 293. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test coniform, its height nearly equal to or slightly larger than maximum width. Outer shell spongy, with poorly or welldeveloped conical mammae, with or without spines. Pores small and subcircular. Spines short, three-bladed or rod-like. Inner shell small, spherical, spongy, and unclear in structure because of recrystallization. Shells between outer and inner shells thin, close to each other, coniform and connected by fine radial beams.” (Feng in Feng et al. 2006a: 31)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 487, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["FENG Q. L., HE W., GU S., JIN Y. & MENG Y. 2006 a. - Latest Permian Spumellaria and Entactinaria (Radiolaria) from South China. Revue de Micropaleontologie 49: 21 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revmic. 2005.11.003"]}

Ormistonella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 Ormistonella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984: 100. TYPE SPECIES. — Ormistonella robusta De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 100, pl. 2, fig. 8-9). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Permian, Kamigori belt, SW Japan. TAXON CODE. — 193. STATUS. — Valid. SYNONYM. — Paulianella Kozur & Mostler, 1989. DIAGNOSIS. — “ Ormistonellidae à 4 bras également développés, longs, en forme de tube et/ou de gouttière.” (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 100). DIAGNOSIS (English translation by J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “ Ormistonellidae with 4 arms equally developed, long, tube and/or gutter shaped.&rdquo

Protosegmentum Wang in Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2008 Protosegmentum Wang in Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2008: 401. TYPE SPECIES. — Protosegmentum xinjiangensis Wang in Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2008 (Wang et al. 2008: 401, pl. 2, figs 6-9, 14). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Middle Ordovician Dapingian, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. TAXON CODE. — 324. STATUS. — Nomen dubium. DESCRIPTION. — “Shell long cylindric, composed of cephalous, thoraxinal and abdominal chambers. The abdominal chamber consists of the ring and the furrow interval and there are some pores on the ring.” (Wang in Wang et al. 2008: 401). REMARK It is not possible to determine the nature of this radiolarian from the figured specimen., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 493, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WANG Y. J., CHENG J. F. & ZHANG Y. D. 2008. - New radiolarian genera and species of Heituao Formation (Ordovician) in the Kuruktag Region, Xinjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 47: 393 - 404."]}

Magnisphaera Won, 1997 Magnisphaera Won, 1997a: 366. TYPE SPECIES. — Magnisphaera gigantea Won, 1997 (Won 1997a: 368, pl. 6, fig. 3-5). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Frasnian (Upper Devonian), Gogo Formation, Western Australia. TAXON CODE. — 100. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “A very large skeleton with two shells; the outer shell consisting of a polygonal (four-to eight-sided) or irregular lattice that is extremely loose, completely two-dimensional, partly or wholly three-dimensional, or incompletely latticed; straight or drooping bars forming meshwork; an irregularly latticed inner shell; the eight-rayed internal spicule with a median bar, no inner apophyses, with or without outer apophyses.” (Won 1997a: 366)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 443, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WON M. Z. 1997 a. - Review of family Entactiniidae (Radiolaria), and taxonomy and morphology of Entactiniidae in the late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Australia. Micropaleontology 43 (4): 333 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485930"]}

Ellipsocopicyntra Kozur & Mostler, 1989 Ellipsocopicyntra Kozur & Mostler, 1989: 218. TYPE SPECIES. — Ellipsocopicyntra oviformis Kozur & Mostler, 1989 (Kozur & Mostler 1989: 218, pl. 15, fig. 1). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Kungurian, Koshelev Formation, Cis-Urals, Russia. TAXON CODE. — 243. STATUS. — Junior synonym of Copiellintra (by Noble & Jin 2010: 134). DIAGNOSIS. — “Mit den Familienmerkmalen. Gehäuse ellipsoidal. An den Polarregionen (lange Achse) treten 1-2 mehr Schalen auf als äquatorial (kurze Achse). Stacheln zahlreich, dreikantig, über die ganze Schale verteilt. Ausbildung der Mikrosphäre und ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung nicht bekannt.” (Kozur & Mostler 1989: 218). DIAGNOSIS (English translation by Jörg Maletz). — “As with family, ellipsoidal body. At the polar regions (long axis) occur 1-2 more shells than equatorial (short axis). Spines numerous, triangular, spread over the entire shell. Structure of the microsphere and its immediate surroundings is not known.”, Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 477, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["KOZUR H. W. & MOSTLER H. 1989. - Radiolarien und schwammskleren aus dem Unterperm des Vorurals. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, Sonderband 2: 147 - 275.","NOBLE P. J. & JIN Y. 2010. - Radiolarians from the Lamar Limestone, Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas. Micropaleontology 56 (1 - 2): 117 - 147. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 40607078"]}

Franklinia Jones & Noble, 2006 Franklinia Jones & Noble, 2006: 308. TYPE SPECIES. — Franklinia tricae Jones & Noble, 2006 (Jones & Noble 2006: 310, pl. 5, fig. 2-7, pl. 7, fig. 5, 6, 8). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Sheinwoodian, uppermost Lower Silurian, Cape Phillips Formation, Nunavut, Artic Canada. TAXON CODE. — 268. STATUS. — Homonym. DIAGNOSIS. — “Hollow, thin shell base overlain by loose labyrinthine layer. Six or more thin rod-shaped primary spines per hemisphere are rooted on surface of shell base but do not penetrate. Very short secondary spines may be present.” (Jones & Noble 2006: 308). REMARKS This species is a junior homonym of the bird Franklinia Blyth, 1863. See Maletzella nomen novum Noble, 2014., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 482-483, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["JONES M. K. & NOBLE P. J. 2006. - Sheinwoodian (uppermost Lower Silurian) Radiolaria from the Cape Phillips Formation, Nunavut, Canada. Micropaleontology 52: 289 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / gsmicropal. 52.4.289","NOBLE P. J. 2014. - Maletzella nomen novum, a replacement name for the junior homonym Franklinia Jones and Noble 2006. Revue de Micropaleontologie 57: 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revmic. 2014.01.001"]}

Gansuceratoikiscum Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2010 Gansuceratoikiscum Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2010: 48. TYPE SPECIES. — Gansuceratoikiscum guanzhuangensis Wang, Cheng & Zhang, 2010 (Wang et al. 2010: 473, pl. 1, fig. 11). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Sandbian, Upper Ordovician, Pingliang Formation, Gansu Province, China. TAXON CODE. — 015. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Six rod-like primary spines positioned in eccentric place. The pairs of caveal ribs are paired on the dorsal rod of the a-rod; The patagial tissue is present on one lateral side of the i-rod. A single row of arches (or by-spines) connect the primary spines, forming a simple cortical shell.”(Wang et al. 2010: 48). REMARKS This genus differs from Protoceratoikiscum in that it has a framework composed of 6 rods connecting to a median bar. Ceratoikisum has 3 rods (a, b, intersector) that cross to form a triangle. It differs from Protoceratoikiscum in that it possesses row of arches that connect the primary rods to form a subcircular shell, and the rods join in an eccentric position in Gansuceratoikiscum., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 424, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WANG Y. J., CHENG J. F. & ZHANG Y. D. 2010. - Fossil preservation modes and functional discussion of the basic structures of a new radiolarian genus Gansuceratoikiscum Wang gen. nov. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 49 (4): 472 - 476."]}

Gyrosphaera Noble & Maletz, 2000 Gyrosphaera Noble & Maletz, 2000: 267. TYPE SPECIES. — Gyrosphaera raneatela Noble & Maletz, 2000 (Noble & Maletz 2000: 267, pl. 2, fig. 1-3). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Telychian (Llandovery, Lower Silurian), Dalarna, Sweden. TAXON CODE. — 250. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Large spherical to subspherical shell composed of loose labyrinthine mesh forming three or more spiral layers. Primary spines rod-shaped. Species vary in relative spine length, number of spines, and robustness of spines.” (Noble & Maletz 2000: 267)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["NOBLE P. J. & MALETZ J. 2000. - Radiolaria from the Telychian (Llandovery, Early Silurian) of Dalarna, Sweden. Micropaleontology 46: 265 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / 46.3.265"]}

Trigonosphaera Feng in Feng, Gu, Jiang & Jin, 2004 Trigonosphaera Feng in Feng, Gu, Jiang & Jin, 2004: 137. TYPE SPECIES. — Trigonosphaera calvata Feng in Feng, Gu, Jiang & Jin, 2004 (Feng et al. 2004: 142, pl. 3, fig. 1-7, pl. 4, fig. 1). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Changhsingian (uppermost Permian), Dongpan section, Dalong Formation, Southern China. TAXON CODE. — 306. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test consists of a single round-triangular cortical shell, without medullary shell and internal spicule. The shell is composed of two spongy layers. The two layers are similar in thickness, but different in structure: the inner layer is comprised of large, irregular pore frames and the outer layer, of small, irregular pore frames. Numerous beams connect the two layers.” (Feng in Feng et al. 2004: 137). REMARK Some centrally directed remains of the inner layer seem to suggest that there existed a central structure that was later dissolved by fossilization., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 489-490, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["FENG Q. L., GU S., JIANG M. & JIN Y. 2004. - Two new radiolarian genera from the uppermost Permian of southern China. Revue de Micropaleontologie 47 (3): 135 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0035 - 1598 (04) 00033 - 9"]}