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Profesionalizam liječnika temelji se na deset načela, pri čemu se jedno od načela odnosi na pravednu distribuciju resursa. E-profesionalizam definiran je kao primjena načela „tradicionalnog“ profesionalizma u online aktivnostima, stoga se načelo pravednosti distribucije resursa odnosi i na resurse doktora na društvenim mrežama (DM). Osobno vrijeme doktora je također resurs, a ako doktor bira s kojim pacijentima će komunicirati na DM, a s kojima neće, to otvara problem nejednakosti u distribuciji resursa. Cilj ovog izlaganja je istražiti postoji li selektivnost liječnika/doktora dentalne medicine pri kontaktu s pacijentima na DM, te koji prediktori tumače takvo ponašanje. Istraživanje je provedeno 2021. godine, metodom ankete na neprobabilističkom prigodnom uzorku doktora medicine i doktora dentalne medicine u Hrvatskoj. Ukupno je prikupljeno 1013 odgovora, od čega 753 koriste DM, a njih 489 prihvatilo je odgovoriti na pitanje selektivnosti u komunikaciji s pacijentima, što je uzorak od interesa u ovom istraživanju. Rezultati pokazuju da 42, 9% ispitanika bira s kojim pacijentima će stupiti u kontakt na DM. Binarna logistička regresija pokazala je da doktori koji rade u privatnom sektoru imaju 2, 5 puta veću šansu da će birati pacijente s kojima će komunicirati na DM, doktori dentalne medicine imaju 2, 3 puta veću šansu da da će raditi taj odabir u odnosu na doktore medicine, te oni koji imaju pozitivniji stav prema etičnosti korištenja DM u komunikaciji s pacijentima imaju 1, 3 puta veću šansu da će napraviti odabir. Ovi rezultati otvaraju raspravu o utjecaju DM na tumačenje postojećih načela profesionalizma i pokazuje potrebu za istraživanjem i edukacijom e-profesionalizma.

Uvod: Društvene mreže (DM) mogu se definirati kao online mediji i sučelja osmišljena za povezivanje ljudi te olakšavanje interakcije i razmjene sadržaja među njima. Razvoj društvenih mreža utječe na sve aspekte društva u cjelini, a zdravstveni djelatnici i zdravstvene institucije nisu izuzetak. Interakcija između zdravstvenih djelatnika i pacijenata neizbježna je putem društvenih mreža gdje se profesionalne i osobne granice zamagljuju i potencijalno prelaze. Tradicionalni koncepti profesionalizma u medicini zahtijevaju od zdravstvenih djelatnika ponašanje u skladu s profesionalnim i etičkim standardima profesije prema pacijentu, zdravstvenom osoblju i društvu u cjelini. Pojavom društvenih mreža definiran je termin e-profesionalizma zdravstvenih djelatnika kao stavovi i ponašanja koji odražavaju tradicionalne paradigme profesionalizma zdravstvenih djelatnika manifestirane kroz digitalne medije. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti razlike u stavu o e-profesionalizmu između doktora medicine i doktora dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Metode: Kvantitativno presječno istraživanje provedeno je korištenjem online upitnika na prigodnom neprobabilističkom uzorku doktora medicine i doktora dentalne medicine članova Hrvatske liječničke komore i Hrvatske komore dentalne medicine. U ovom radu su prikazani podaci jednog od sedam instrumenata korištenih u upitniku koji se sastoji od 16 čestica, a mjeri stav o e- profesionalizmu. Za statističku analizu razlika u stavovima o e-profesionalizmu korišten je Mann- Whitney U test. Rezultati: Uzorak se sastojao od 753 ispitanika (246 doktora medicine i 507 doktora dentalne medicine) koji koriste barem jednu DM. Od 16 čestica kojima su mjerene razlike u stavu o e- profesionalizmu između dvije skupine, statistički značajne razlike (P

The lecture "E-professionalism - professional medical ethics in emerging digital landscapes” present the challenges healthcare professionals face within new and emerging, technologically mediated contexts. More specifically, the benefits, as well as dangers of social media, on medical professionalism are further explored and summarized. All of these urge for new and novel conceptualizations of medial professionalism, those built around and within digital landscapes, such as those currently commonly encompassed within the notion of e-professionalism.

UVOD Studenti medicinskih profesija učestali su korisnici društvenih mreža (DM). Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti učestalost i razloge zbog kojih studenti medicine Medicinskog fakulteta i dentalne medicine Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, polaznici jednosemestralnih izbornih/elektivnih predmeta, izmjenjuju postavke privatnosti svojih profila na DM te utjecaj edukacijske intervencije na promjenu postavki privatnosti profila na DM. MATERIJALI I METODE Istraživanje „pred-test post-test zatečenih grupa“ provedeno je korištenjem online upitnika na uzorku studenata medicine i dentalne medicine na početku i na kraju izvođenja nastave (T1 i T2). Upitnik je sadržavao instrument o postavkama privatnosti. Deskriptivna statistika i McNemar test provedeni su prilikom obrade podataka. REZULTATI Oba puta upitnik je ispunilo 53 studenata (16 studenata medicine i 37 studenata dentalne medicine). Od svih ispitanika, samo jedan nije koristio DM, te je 52 ušlo u finalni uzorak. Nakon odslušane nastave statistički značajno više studenata izmijenilo je postavke privatnosti na DM koju koriste, najviše u odnosu na one koji to nisu učinili ili ne znaju jesu li to učinili (T1 61, 5 % vs. T2 84, 6 %, p=.012). Od 32 studenta koji su odgovori pozitivno na pitanje o promjeni postavki, ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u razlozima promjene postavki privatnosti. Najčešće su studenti mijenjali postavke privatnosti zbog „zaštite osobnih podataka od nepoznatih osoba” te zbog “nepovjerenja u sigurnost početnih postavki privatnosti društvenih mreža”. Iako nema statistički značajne razlike , u česticama „zbog savjeta kolega i prijatelja“ (T1 15, 6 % vs. T2 28, 1 %, p=.289) i „rizika da bi njihov profil mogao vidjeti trenutni ili budući poslodavac“ (T1 21, 9 % vs. T2 43, 8 %, p=.289) vidi se porast nakon nastave. ZAKLJUČAK Edukacijska intervencija je imala statistički značaj utjecaj na aktivnost promjene postavki privatnosti profila na DM. Najzastupljeniji razlozi promjene bili su nepovjerenje u sigurnost početnih postavki te zaštita osobnih podataka od nepoznatih osoba. Zahvala: Ovo istraživanje dio je UIP 2017-05-2140 projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanosti „Opasnosti i prednosti društvenih mreža: e-profesionalizam zdravstvenih djelatnika - SMePROF“

Background As the use of social networking sites (SNSs) has greatly increased among health professionals, it is necessary to investigate their use of SNSs. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of SNS use for contact with patients between medical doctors (MD) and doctors of dental medicine (DMD) in Croatia. Methods In collaboration with the Croatian Medical Chamber and the Croatian Chamber of Dental Medicine, a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on the use of SNSs and the attitudes of MDs and DMDs towards e-professionalism. Data were collected using online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 753 responses were processed, 507 (67,3%) MDs and 246 (32,7%) DMDs. DMDs were significantly more likely to visit patients or their family members’ profiles on SNSs (60,6% vs 33,3%, P < 0.001). The main reason for visiting a patient’s or family member’s profile is social communication, which is significantly more common among DMDs (46,3% vs 29,0%, P < 0.002). DMDs are significantly more likely to send friend requests from private SNS profiles to patients or their family members (15,0% DMDs vs 3,4% MDs, P < 0.001). Patients are much more likely to send friendship and connection requests on SNS to DMDs (91,1% DMDs vs 62,7% MDs, P < 0.001) who are also significantly more likely to accept these requests (76,8% DMDs vs 41,5% MDs, P < 0.001). MDs and DMDs would find the presence of e-professionalism guidelines useful (72,2% MDS vs 78,0% DMDs, P = 0.103). Conclusions The results show that DMDs are more open to communicating with patients via SNSs. Results showed a difference between MDs and DMDs in both directions - in sending requests to patients or their family members and in positive responses to their requests for connection. The findings point to the need to develop guidelines for health professionals regarding e-professionalism. Key messages • There are differences between MDs and DMDs toward communicating with patients using SNSs, DMDs being more open to the communication with patients. • There is a need to develop guidelines for health professionals on e-professionalism with emphasis regarding how to professionally communicate with patients on SNSs.

Background Social networking sites (SNSs) have penetrated all aspects of health care professionals’ (HCPs’) professional and private lives. A new term, e-professionalism, has emerged, which describes the linking of traditional values with this new dynamic online environment for HCPs. The four aims of this study were: (1) to examine their SNS prevalence and usage habits, (2) to examine their perception of e-professionalism, (3) to develop an e-professionalism assessment compatibility index and (4) to investigate their tendencies and differences in values of the e-professionalism assessment compatibility index (ePACI). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among MDs and DMDs in Croatia via email using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all MDs and DMDs who were members of their respective chambers. In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test when appropriate, t-test, ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine differences between groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to investigate dimensionality. Results of the PCA were compared to the coding based on the Social Media e-Professionalism rubric in order to create the ePACI. Results Of the 1013 gathered responses, 753 were from valid SNS users and suitable for further analysis. Facebook (91.6%) and Instagram (63.1%) were the predominant SNSs used. Both groups have a good understanding of e-professionalism. The newly developed ePACI deviates slightly in the “conservative” direction in the cases of both, MDs (t506 = 19.033, p 245 = 12.991, p p s = −0.142, p p Conclusions MDs and DMDs in Croatia are frequent SNS users, with Facebook and Instagram being the main SNSs used. Both groups have a good understanding of e-professionalism. The newly developed ePACI deviates slightly towards the conservative side regarding perception of the e-professionalism content for both groups. The development of the ePACI, and its subsequent usage in further research, will have a direct influence in its validation, gathering comparable data, and be able to direct efforts in oversight, regulation and education.

E-profesionalizam kao izvedeni oblik profesionalizma, odnosi se na implementaciju načela „tradicionalnog“ profesionalizma u online aktivnostima. Ovaj rad bavi se definiranjem e-profesionalizma, izradom mjernih instrumenata za procjenu e-profesionalizma doktora medicine i dentalne medicine te procjenom i usporedbom e-profesionalizma doktora medicine i dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom ankete, tehnikom online anketiranja na neprobabilističkom uzorku doktora medicine i doktora dentalne medicine koji koriste društvene mreže. Ukupno je prikupljeno 1013 odgovora, od čega 753 koriste neku društvenu mrežu koji čine uzorak od interesa u ovom radu. Za potrebe određivanja koja ponašanja su e-(ne)profesionalna kreiran je normativni okvir, te je e-profesionalizam konceptualno podijeljen na dva aspekta: aspekt opasnosti i aspekt prednosti korištenja društvenih mreža, te su za mjerenje istih kreirani i validirani mjerni instrumenti. Rezultati pokazuju da je najveća pojavnost neprofesionalnog ponašanja kod kontrole vidljivosti objava na društvenim mrežama, a najmanja pojavnost bila je kod prekršaja HIPAA zakona (engl. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) koji predstavljaju najteže prekršaje e-profesionalnog ponašanja. Kod ispitanika postoji vrlo stroga percepcija profesionalnosti objava na društvenim mrežama. Doktori dentalne medicine koriste društvene mreže aktivnije i češće od doktora medicine, te je veći udio doktora dentalne medicine od doktora medicine koji koriste mreže u profesionalne svrhe. Doktori dentalne medicine skloniji su interakciji s pacijentima putem društvenih mreža. U radu su utvrđeni prediktori e-profesionalizma. Veće prihvaćanje stava da je etički koristiti društvene mreže u interakciji s pacijentima je najsnažniji prediktor neprofesionalnog ponašanja na društvenim mrežama, dok je starija dob najsnažniji prediktor iskorištavanja prednosti društvenih mreža. E-professionalism, as a derived form of professionalism, ad it can be defined as implementation of the principles of “traditional” professionalism in online activities. Aim of this dissertation is to define e-professionalism, develop measuring instruments for the assessment of e-professionalism of doctors of medicine and dental medicine and to compare e-professionalism of doctors of medicine and dental medicine in the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted using the survey method, the online survey technique on a non-probabilistic sample of doctors of medicine and dentists who use social networks. A total of 1,013 responses were collected, of which 753 use a social network. For the purposes of determining e-professional behavior, normative framework was created based on three relevant sources, and it is shown that e-professionalism can be conceptually divided into two aspects: the aspect of dangers of social networks, like losing privacy of doctors' profiles, contact with patients and the fair distribution of resources, and the aspect of the benefits of social networks that include proactive posting of medical information of public health interest and scientific objectivity. The result of the process of creating and validating measuring instruments are two validated indices that researchers in the fields of occupational sociology and medical sociology will be able to use in future research. The results of the incidence of unprofessional behavior on social networks show that the highest incidence of unprofessional behavior is lack of control of the visibility of posts on social networks, followed by the lack of seeking permission from associates before tagging them in posts. The lowest incidence of unprofessional conduct was in HIPAA violations (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) such as publishing information and photographs of patients and including patient data collected through social networks in the medical records without the patient's knowledge. There is a very strict perception of the professionalism of posts on social networks, which results in doctors of medicine and dental medicine successfully recognizing behaviors that are serious violations of professionalism, but they also strictly judge behaviors that are not violations of professional norms. Results also showed some significant differences between two professions. Doctors of dental medicine are more active on social networks and access them more often than doctors of medicine. Also more doctors of dental medicine use social networks for professional purposes and are more likely to interact with patients through social media than doctors of medicine. Finally, the paper identifies predictors of two aspects of e-professionalism. Greater acceptance of attitude toward ethical use of social networks in interaction with patients is the strongest predictor of unprofessional behavior on social networks, followed by the frequency of access to social media profiles (those who access more often have a higher frequency of unprofessional behavior). In contrast, established predictors of benefits of social networks, such as the potential for proactive posting of professional information of public health interest, show that the most important predictors are age and attitude about social networks, with older doctors of medicine and with positive attitudes about social networks do this more often.

Uvod Društvene mreže (DM) zadiru u privatnost pojedinca i ostavljaju opasnost miješanja privatnog i profesionalnog. Održavanje postavka privatnosti profila te više profila pod raznim imenima omogućava višu razinu zaštite i privatnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti razlike u vrsti profila doktora medicine (MD) i doktora dentalne medicine (DMD) na Facebooku i Instagramu. Materijali i metode Presječno istraživanje provedeno je korištenjem online upitnika na prigodnom neprobabilističkom uzorku svih MD i DMD članova Hrvatske liječničke komore i Hrvatske komore dentalne medicine. Deskriptivna statistika i hi kvadrat test provedeni su prilikom obrade podataka. Rezultati Uzorak se sastojao od 753 ispitanika (246 DMD i 507 MD) koji koriste barem jednu DM. Na obje DM i MD i DMD imali su predominantno samo jedan profil s pravim imenom (Facebook MD 84.9% vs. DMD 79%, Instagram MD 74.1% vs DMD 85%). Statistički značajna razlika između dvije skupine postoji na Facebooku gdje 17.6% DMD ima i privatan i profesionalan profil za razliku od 5.5% MD, te značajno više MD (9%) ima samo jedan profil pod drugačijim imenom za razliku od samo 2.5% DMD (x2=34.432, df=3, P

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of general practitioners (GP) related to various imaging...

Uvod: Privatni i profesionalni život isprepleću se na društvenim mrežama (DM). Pove ćanje vlastite i percepcije javnosti prema razini e-profesionalizma doktora dentalne me dicine (DMD) i medicine (MD), shvaćanje i kontrola privatnosti na DM je važna. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti stavove i postupke prema vlastitoj razini privatnosti na društve nim mrežama DMD i MD. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje korištenjem online upitnika na prigodnom uzorku svih liječnika MD i DMD u Hrvatskoj. Za obradu podataka korištena je deskriptivna statistika i hi kvadrat test. Rezultati: Od 1013 ukupno prikupljenih odgovora, u konačni uzorak ušlo je ukupno 753 ispitanika (246 DMD i 507 MD) koji koriste barem jednu DM. Facebook je DM u ko joj se obje skupine najbolje snalaze, dok za Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn i Twitter posto je statistički značajne razlike između skupina. Obje skupine su najliberalnije u „prihvaća nju prijateljstava“ na LinkedIn-u. DMD su u toj kategoriji statistički značajno liberalniji od MD na LinkedInu i na Facebooku. Postavke privatnosti izmijenilo je 69, 9% DMD i 66, 9% MD, a najčešći razlog bio je „Zaštita mojih osobnih podataka od nepoznatih oso ba“ i „Nisam vjerovao u sigurnost početnih postavki privatnosti DM“. Statistički značaj no više MD je bilo zabrinuto zbog „Rizika da bi moj profil mogao vidjeti trenutni ili bu dući poslodavac“ (29, 2% vs 19, 8%, P=0, 028). Zabrinjavajuće je da u obje skupine nešto manje od trećine ispitanika nisu ili ne znaju jesu li promijenili osnovne postavke privat nosti na DM. Zaključak: DMD i MD pokazuju zabrinutost i spremnost za kontrolu vlastite privatnosti na DM. Potrebna je daljnja edukacija o načinima kontrole privatnosti na DMD.

Introduction: The digital revolution has had a profound impact on medicine and patient care. As the use of social media (SM) has greatly increased among health professionals, it is necessary to investigate their use of SM. New standards are forming in the context of e-professionalism. The term “eprofessionalism” is defined as “attitudes and behaviors (some of which may occur in private settings) reflecting traditional professionalism paradigms that are manifested through digital media”. The development of technology, novel communication, and social networking can positively or negatively affect the therapeutic alliance between patients and psychiatrists. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of and to characterize e- professionalism on publicly available Facebook (FB) profiles of psychiatrist in Croatia. Methods: Content analysis of FB profiles of psychiatrist was performed. A search was performed via a new FB account using a publicly available Directory of physicians in Croatia, available at the web-site of the Croatian Chamber of Physicians. All psychiatrists listed in the directory were included in the analysis. Each profile was subsequently assessed with regard to e-professionalism based on previously published criteria and compared using the SMePROF coding scheme. Results and discussion: The sample of psychiatrist's list of names included 175 names. FB profiles were identified for 30.9% (54/175) psychiatrists. Displayed relationship status was found for 13 % (7/54). Among psychiatrists with identifiable FB accounts, potentially unprofessional content was observed for 5.6% (3/54). None of the accounts had any unprofessional content. The level of e- professionalism on Facebook profiles of Croatian psychiatrists available for public viewing has shown a high level of understanding of e- professionalism. Research support (Conflict of interest disclosure): This study was funded by the Croatian Science Foundation under project UIP-05- 2017 Dangers and benefits of social networks: E- Professionalism of healthcare professionals— SMePROF.

BackgroundAs we are witnessing the evolution of social media (SM) use worldwide among the general population, the popularity of SM has also been embraced by health care professionals (HCPs). In the context of SM evolution and exponential growth of users, this scoping review summarizes recent findings of the e-professionalism of HCPs.ObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review is to characterize the recent original peer-reviewed research studies published between November 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, on e-professionalism of HCPs; to assess the quality of the methodologies and approaches used; to explore the impact of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs; to recognize the benefits and dangers of SM; and to provide insights to guide future research in this area.MethodsA search of the literature published from November 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, was performed in January 2021 using 3 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus). The searches were conducted using the following defined search terms: “professionalism” AND “social media” OR “social networks” OR “Internet” OR “Facebook” OR “Twitter” OR “Instagram” OR “TikTok.” The search strategy was limited to studies published in English. This scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.ResultsOf the 1632 retrieved papers, a total of 88 studies were finally included in this review. Overall, the quality of the studies was satisfactory. Participants in the reviewed studies were from diverse health care professions. Medical health professionals were involved in about three-quarters of the studies. Three key benefits of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs were identified: (1) professional networking and collaboration, (2) professional education and training, and (3) patient education and health promotion. For the selected studies, there were five recognized dangers of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs: (1) loosening accountability, (2) compromising confidentiality, (3) blurred professional boundaries, (4) depiction of unprofessional behavior, and (5) legal issues and disciplinary consequences. This scoping review also recognizes recommendations for changes in educational curricula regarding e-professionalism as opportunities for improvement and barriers that influence HCPs use of SM in the context of e-professionalism.ConclusionsFindings in the reviewed studies indicate the existence of both benefits and dangers of SM on e-professionalism of HCPs. Even though there are some barriers recognized, this review has highlighted existing recommendations for including e-professionalism in the educational curricula of HCPs. Based on all evidence provided, this review provided new insights and guides for future research on this area. There is a clear need for robust research to investigate new emerging SM platforms, the efficiency of guidelines and educational interventions, and the specifics of each profession regarding their SM potential and use.

Uvod: Porastom korištenja društvenih mreža (DM) među općom populacijom postoji i porast u korištenju među nastavnicima u zdravstvu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti navike korištenja DM i razlike u stavovima o e- profesionalizmu među nastavnicima Medicinskog i Stomatološkog fakulteta. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje korištenjem online upitnika za nastavnike Medicinskog i Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu u ak. god. 2018./2019. Za obradu podataka korištena je deskriptivna statistika. Rezultati: U završni uzorak ušlo je 93 odgovora: 68 s Medicinskog (RR 13.6%) i 25 sa Stomatološkog fakulteta (RR 10.8%) Facebook je najšire korišten (82.2%) a na drugom mjestu LinkedIn (77.4%). Instagram je statistički značajno češće korišten od nastavnika Stomatološkog (64% stom vs. 39.7% med, P=0.037) a Twitter od nastavnika Medicinskog (23.5% med vs. 4% stom, P=0.035) fakulteta. YouTube (65.6%) je najčešće korišten u edukacijske svrhe. Većina nastavnika oba fakulteta ne bi prihvatilo (88.2%) niti bi poslalo (97.8%) zahtjev za prijateljstvo pacijentu. Percepcija neprofesionalnog ponašanja na značajno se razlikovala u stavovima prema postavljanju slika pacijenata (97.1% med vs 80% stom P= 0.006), dok su obje skupina neprofesionalnim smatrali postavljanjem povjerljivih informacija (94.6%), kriminalnih aktivnosti (90.3%), korištenje alkohola (82.8%) i droge (89.2%) te eksplicitni seksualni sadržaj (88.2%). Većina nastavnika (84.8%) smatra dobrodošlim postojanje smjernica o e- profesionalizmu na DM. Zaključak: Facebook i LinkedIn najčešće su korištene DM. Nastavnici Medicinskog fakulteta osjetljiviji su na postavljanje fotografija pacijenata. Potrebno je razviti smjernice o e-profesionalizmu na DM.

Uvod: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti i usporediti razinu online profesionalizma na Facebook profilima dostupnim za javno gledanje među studentima i nastavnicima Medicinskog (MEF) i Stomatološkog (SFZG) fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Materijali i metode: Konačni uzorci za analizu sadržaja Facebook profila izrađeni su slučajnim uzorkom od 16, 7% svih nastavnika i studenata sa oba fakulteta. Pretraživanje je izvršeno putem novog Facebook računa, koji nije povezan ni s jednim drugim profilom. Profili su kategorizirani kao "privatni" ili "javni". Svaki je profil naknadno bodovan s obzirom na profesionalnost na temelju prethodno objavljene sheme kodiranja. Rezultati: Konačni uzorak studenata činilo je 325 od 1951 (16, 7%) studenata MEF-a i 94 od 565 (16, 7%) studenata SFZG-a (n = 419). Konačni uzorak nastavnika činilo je 86 od 516 (16, 7%) nastavnika MEF-a i 28 od 166 (16, 8%) SFZG-a (n = 114). Ukupno 252 (60, 5%) studenta nasuprot 44 (38, 6%) nastavnika imalo je javno prepoznatljive Facebook profile, a za 157 (37, 5%) studenata naspram 47 (41, 2%) nastavnika bilo je nemoguće utvrditi imaju li Facebook profil (P

The aim of this research is to verify if there is a correlation between certain anthropometric variables of the upper extremities and the quality of underhand serve reception performance in volleyball. The research was conducted with 93 male examinees, first-year students at the Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb (n=93). The examinees completed their first semester of studies that included the course Volleyball. The sample of examinees included only individuals with no prior experience in training volleyball. For each of the variables descriptive statistics were calculated (minimum and maximum result, arithmetic mean and standard deviation). The independent set included 10 anthropometric variables measured according to the IBP. For the purpose of this study, the numerically defined variable Assessment of Underhand Serve Reception /USR/ was isolated as a dependent (criterion) variable. The correlation between independent and the criterion variable was calculated by using the non-parametric Spearman correlation. A statistically significant correlation can be noted between the criterion variable Assessment of Underhand Serve Reception /USR/ and independent variables – Arm Length /AL/ and Wrist Diameter /WD/. The conclusion can be made that there is a statistically significant effect of the variables Arm Length /AL/ and Wrist Diameter /WD/ on the variable Assessment of Underhand Serve Reception /USR/. The relation is positive and low impact. Simply put, it can be said that a better assessment was achieved by the examinees who, while preparing for the underhand serve reception, formed a longer and wider platform that enabled them an easier correction immediately prior to contacting the ball.

Eksponencijalnim razvojem društvenih mreţa znaĉajan dio privatne i profesionalne komunikacije premješta se iz klasiĉnih medija u elektroniĉki format. Profesionalno ponašanje pri korištenju društvenih mreţa odnosno „e-profesionalizam― postaje vaţan element u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji. Djelatnici fakulteta biomedicinskog podruĉja, a osobito medicine i stomatologije u svojoj komunikaciji s kolegama, studentima kao i u interakciji s pacijentima susreću se s izazovima balansiranja osobnih i profesionalnih stavova.

Dosadašnja istraživanja iz različitih zemalja ukazala su na visoku razinu pouzdanosti upitnika za procjenu uživanja u tjelelesnoj aktivnosti (PACES). Pregled literature otkrio je kako pouzdanost ovog upitnika nije utvrđena za Hrvatsku. Cilj istraživanja bio je test-retest metodom utvrditi pouzdanost PACES upitnika za Hrvatsku u populaciji studenata. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 196 studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (74% studentice, 26% studenti) u dobi od 20, 38 ± 1, 14 godina. Uzorak varijabli činili su spol, godine i godina studija, utvrđene zasebnim dijelom upitnika, te uživanje u tjelesnoj aktivnosti utvrđeno upitnikom PACES. Istraživanje je provedeno u dvije vremenske točke s vremenskim razmakom od sedam dana između prvog i ponovljenog anketiranja. Na temelju rezultata izračunat je koeficijent test-retest pouzdanosti za svaku česticu, izražen Spermanovim koeficijentom korelacije. Korelacije između čestica vrlo su visoke i kreću se između 0, 77 i 0, 97. Ukupna razina uživanja u tjelesnim aktivnostima ispitanika u prvom i drugom mjerenju iznosi r=0, 96, što ukazuje na visoku pouzdanost samog upitnika. Hrvatska verzija upitnika PACES je pouzdan mjerni instrument za procjenu uživanja u tjelesnoj aktivnosti studenata.

The beginning of Croatian negotiations for the EU financial period 2021-2027 is approaching. The new Cohesive policy puts emphasis on five policy objectives set as investment priorities. Forhealth care, the most important is “a more social Europe“, founded on the European Pillar of Social Rights. Due to the population ageing , increasing life expectancy and burden of non- communicable diseases, the enabling condition pertaining to health care priorities is a defined strategic policy framework for health and LTC. The fulfillment criteria include mapping of health and LTC needs, ensuring efficiency, sustainability, accessibility to services and measures to promote home and community based services. The aim of this research was to analyse capacities of the Croatian health care sector for LTC needs mapping and priority setting for the new EU financial supports. Desk research, as a suitable first tool in policy analysis, was conducted for assessing Croatia’s readiness for the upcoming negotiations concerning EU fulfillment criteria for the enabling condition for health. Three topics were in focus of the research: consistency of the terminology within the existing national strategic documents ; availability of population needs assessment data and appropriateness of the information about health system performance. Results. Current national strategic policy framework for health includes National Health Care Strategy 2012-2020, Strategic Plan for Human Resource Development in Health Care 2015-2020 and Strategic plan of Ministry of Health 2020-2022. Terminologically, LTC was not recognized as a distinct entity but some of the existing services suit LTC definition. For reporting state and trends of health and health care routinely collected dana were used. Structure and output indicators, referring to system performance and health outcomes were set. Process indicators were not set. Population needs, including LTC, were not shown. The connection between needs analysis and selected priorities was mostly unclear. Current national strategic framework for health is not in line with the new EU fulfillment criteria for health. Since the time frame of national strategic policy framework for health is near its end, there is an opportunity to make needed adjustments, namely mapping of health and LTC needs. Routine collection of population and health data which can serve as a basis for required health and LTC mapping is in place. Croatia being one of the countries taking part in the development of the methodology for the mapping as a part of EC Health Infrastructure Mapping project should be considered as an advantage.

Smjernice za poticanje razvoja e-profesionalizma tijekom studija medicine i dentalne medicine rezultat su dvogodišnjeg rada na uspostavnom istraživačkom projektu Hrvatske zaklade za znanost Opasnosti i prednosti društvenih mreža: e- profesionalizam zdravstvenih djelatnika (SMePROF projekt). Smjernice predstavljaju prvi dokument na hrvatskom jeziku koji nudi preporuke profesionalnog ponašanja zdravstvenim djelatnicima, konkretno studentima medicine i dentalne medicine, ali i ostalima koji koriste društvene mreže.

The aim of this presentation is to show the complex issue of impact that social networks make on e-professionalism of healthcare professionals. No one, nor even health professionals, is spared the possible threats and negative sides that social networks carry. One of the spheres where the benefits and threats are reflected is the professionalism on social network sites – named e- professionalism. E-professionalism is broadly defined as commitment to carry out professional tasks while adhering to ethical principles and care for patient’s well- being during online social activities (Kaczmarczyk, Chuang, Dugoff, 2013). Given the lack of research in the fields of e- professionalism of health professionals in Croatia, the interdisciplinary research group founded by the Croatian Science Foundation (Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost) has launched a project entitled "Dangers and Benefits of Social Networks: E-Professionalism of Healthcare Workers" (SMePROF Project). The five-year project that started in 2018 has recently gathered data of the first part of quantitive research via survey conducted on sample of 650 students of medicine and dental medicine in Zagreb. The results indicate that respondents are very active on social networks and that there is no clear picture of what e-professionalism is. That opens up an opportunity for intervention in form of organizing college education for e- professionalism.

Riječ je o uredničkoj publikaciji, knjizi sažetaka sa Sedmog Nacionalnog kongresa Hrvatskog sociološkog društva pod naslovom 'Socijalna kohezija u društvu polarizacije, konflikata i nejednakosti' koji je održan 11-12.travnja 2019.godine u Zagrebu.

Svakodnevno korištenje društvenih mreža kod velikog je broja ljudi otvorilo novu „pozornicu“ za predstavljanje slike o sebi i izgradnju identiteta. Cilj rada je istražiti postoji li povezanost između socijalnog kapitala i načina samopredstavljanja (izražavanja identiteta) na društvenim mrežama. Za potrebe istraživanja kreirano je šest instrumenata pomoću kojih je mjeren socijalni kapital, elementi samopredstavljanja te sociodemografske karakteristika ispitanika. Istraživanje je provedeno online anketnim obrascem na prigodnom uzorku od 301 ispitanika. Pronađeni su neki zanimljivi i vrijedni rezultati koji govore u prilog osnovnoj hipotezi rada, točnije povezanosti socijalnog kapitala i online identiteta. Ispitanici koji vole društvene mreže jer ih više ljudi može primijetiti imaju viši socijalni kapital od onih koji tvrde da se to ne odnosi na njih. Zatim, ispitanici koji koriste vlastitu sliku kao profilnu, koji su ispunili tekstualni dio profila, te koji dijele informacije o svom religijskom uvjerenju i političkoj orijentaciji imaju viši socijalni kapital od onih koji ti ne čine. Konačno, rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici koji dijele lokacije poznatih mjesta koje posjete, koji ističu brandove i proizvode koje cijene, te koji objavljuju na mreži knjige koje pročitaju imaju veći socijalni kapital od onih koji to ne čine. For a large number of people, everyday use of social networks has opened a new “stage” of self-presentation and identity creation. This paper aims to prove whether there is a connection between social capital and some forms of self-presentation (expression of identity) on social networks. For the purposes of the research, six instruments were created in order to measure social capital, elements of selfpresentation and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The survey was conducted via online survey on a sample of 301 respondents. Some interesting and valuable results have been found that support the basic hypothesis of the paper, more precisely the connection between social capital and online identity. Respondents who like social networks because more people can notice them have higher social capital than those who claim that it does not apply to them. Furthermore, respondents who use their own image as a profile picture, who have completed the textual section of the online profile and who share information about their religious beliefs and political orientation, have higher social capital than other. Finally, the results show that respondents who share locations of famous sites they have visited, who point out brands and products they like, and who publish online books that they have read, have greater social capital than those who don’t do such practices.

This presentation aims to show some aspects of complex problems considering privacy and safety (of data) on Social Network Sites (SNS). For a large number of people social networks have become a part of everyday life, whether they use it to maintain a connection with friends and family, meet new people or conduct business. In order to use SNS users are required to share some private data, thus making companies that own social networks relevant centers of collected personal information. Over the past few months we are witnessing an increase of attention given to internet privacy and problems considering confidentiality of online provided personal data. A series of events that culminated in April 2018., with “Facebook privacy scandal” revealed a lack of understanding among large number of users about basics of SNS business management ; but at the same time it revealed a lack of clarity regarding how social network sites gather, store and use individual data. Even though users are concerned about sharing private data, they still intensively use SNS, therefore creating an interesting “privacy paradox” – a phenomenon already recognized in social sciences.

Ovaj rad bavi se konstrukcijom i evaluacijom instrumenta za mjerenje stava prema profesionalnom sportu. Ideja na kojoj se teorijski bazira rad je postojanje dvaju (različitih) vrsta sporta, profesionalnog i amaterskog. Instrument je teorijski utemeljen na tri domene, većinom preuzete iz radova Zorana Žugića: Stav prema profesionalnim sportašima, Profesionalni sport kao oblik socijalizacije djece i Profesionalni sport kao društvena institucija. Svaka od domena ima najmanje dvije poddomene. Nakon konstrukcije skale stava prema profesionalnom sportu i prikupljanja podataka putem Google Forms-a, izvršena je obrada rezultata u programu IBS SPSS 20. Nakon obrade podataka izbačene su loše čestice i konačna inačica skale sastoji se od 22 čestice, a koeficijent pouzdanosti je na zadovoljavajućoj razini (.903). Izvršena je analiza glavnih komponenata uz GK kriterij zaustavljanja ekstrakcije faktora i oblimin rotaciju. Zadržana su 3 faktora: socijalne veze, sport-uzor, te rad i novac koji tumače oko 57% varijance te se mogu smisleno interpretirati. Faktorskom analizom drugog reda ekstrahiran je jedan faktor, što ide u prilog tezi da se ovdje radi o unidimenzionalnom instrumentu.

The basic idea of this presentation is to show how the new information technology can affect a person's mobility, and thus determine his opportunities within a society. Whether we define the current era as Network society (Castells), Liquid modernity (Bauman), Late modern age (Giddens) or through some other contemporary theory, concept of mobility is always principal. Even though there are several ideal types of mobility, the focus is mostly on virtual or informational mobility. Aside from space of places where we physically reside, development of information technologies created a new type of space - space of flows, or cyberspace. Large areas of the world and considerable segments of the population are switched off from this technological system, making the question of virtual mobility an important part of the discourse about social justice. Therefore, the presentation is concluded with some crucial aspects of the Internet as an illustration of the potentials and hazards that constitute today's society.

U ovom se priopćenju pokušava odgovoriti na istraživačko pitanje o generacijskim razlikama u shvaćanju kulture u Hrvatskoj, na temelju rezultata eksploracijskog istraživanja i anketnog ispitivanja na nacionalno proporcionalnom uzorku. U priopćenju se najprije izvješćuje o rezultatima eksploracijskog istraživanja, u kojem su 2020. godine online i poštanskim putem prikupljeni diskurzivni odgovori 162 osobe zainteresirane raspravljati o kulturi i o tome što im ona znači. Uzorkovanje se rukovodilo načelom osiguravanja heterogenosti koja omogućuje usporedbe (Maxwell, 2013), a godine rođenja sudionika/ca kretale su se u rasponu od 1942. do 2002. Rezultati kvalitativne analize upućivali su na izražene generacijske razlike u shvaćanju kulture. U drugom koraku, obrađeni su rezultati odgovora na otvoreno pitanje o shvaćanju kulture, prikupljeni anketnim ispitivanjem provedenim 2021. na nacionalno proporcionalnom uzorku. Upotrijebljena je algoritamski zasnovana tehnika oblikovanja teme (topic modelling), u kojoj strojno generirani predložak služi kao podloga teorijski utemeljenim interpretacijama istraživača/ica (Brezina, 2018 ; Brookes i McEnery, 2019). Rezultati ove analize upućuju u istom smjeru kao i prethodno provedeno eksploracijsko istraživanje. Primjetne su razlike u shvaćanju kulture kao kultiviranosti, visoke umjetnosti i kulturnih ustanova (kod starijih generacija), u odnosu na identitetske i s potrošnjom povezane koncepcije kulture (kod mlađih generacija), te izostanak mogućnosti diskurzivnog tematiziranja pojma kulture (kod najmlađih).

Pandemija COVID-19 ostavila je traga u svim sferama društvenog života pa tako i u obrazovnom iskustvu i planovima učenika o mogućoj mobilnosti. Cilj je ovoga rada ispitati jesu li poteškoće izazvane pandemijom utjecale na namjeru međunarodne migracije hrvatskih srednjoškolaca i njihove težnje za studiranjem u inozemstvu. U tu svrhu, kombiniraju se podaci tri velike nacionalne reprezentativne studije provedene u razdoblju prije pandemije (2017.), te tijekom pandemijskog (2021.) i kasnog pandemijskog razdoblja (2022.). Bivarijatne i multivarijatne analize korištene su za određivanje učinaka pokazatelja povezanih s pandemijom COVID-19 (broj dana provedenih u školi u učenju na daljinu i procjena utjecaja pandemije na dobrobit srednjoškolaca) na migracijske aspiracije uz kontrolu socioekonomskog statusa učenika. Suprotno očekivanjima, prevalencija namjere da se preseli u inozemstvo ostala je postojana u usporedbi s razdobljem prije pandemije, a težnje za studiranjem u inozemstvu su se povećale. Broj dana provedenih u školi u učenju na daljinu pokazao se slabo negativno povezanim s namjerom da se preseli ili studira u inozemstvu u 2021. godini. Procjena utjecaja pandemije na dobrobit učenika povezana je s manjom sklonošću migraciji u jednom od modela. Moderirajući učinci socioekonomskog porijekla učenika na namjeru migracije tijekom pandemije i zatvaranja škola većinom nisu statistički značajni, osim u 2021. gdje se kao prednost pokazalo imati roditelje s tercijarnim obrazovanjem. U skladu s nedavnim istraživanjima Eurobarometra, analize upućuju na to da je malo dokaza o dugoročnoj devalvaciji kapitala mobilnosti među hrvatskim učenicima viših razreda srednje škole budući da su pretpostavljeni moderatori koji potiskuju težnje prema mobilnosti vjerojatno prestali biti relevantni do sredine 2021. godine.

Knjiga sažetaka s IX. Nacionalnog kongresa Hrvatskog sociološkog društva pod naslovom "Hrvatska: Podvojeno društvo? Sociološki prilozi raspravi", koji se održao od 19. do 20. svibnja 2023. godine u Splitu.