39 results on '"Khan, Sanaullah"'
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2. Leaving Comrades to Die: Shahadat, Soldiering and Accidental Death on the Siachen Glacier.
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Khan, Sanaullah
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MARTYRDOM , *MILITARY science - Abstract
The Siachen glacier, one of the longest non-polar glaciers in the world, turned into the world's highest battlefield in 1984, when both the neighbouring countries, India and Pakistan, deployed their troops for control over the glacier. The nature of warfare since then has changed from active operations to one of low-intensity warfare. In this changing nature of warfare, the article explores how meanings of death are reconfigured in personal recollections and public representations, when the terrain continues to inflict injuries, high-altitude illnesses and death in the absence of any direct enemy confrontation. The article compares personal experiences of death with media representations. While personal experiences of soldiers and officers who have served on the glacier show their grievances about having left comrades to die after they fell into deadly crevasses, media representations reinsert the Indian soldier and depict death in the company of comrades and family to justify the expensive and extremely difficult war over the glacier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Making kinship away from home: chronic disease and the Pakistani diaspora in the US.
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Khan, Sanaullah
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CHRONIC diseases , *DIASPORA , *KINSHIP , *CAREGIVERS - Abstract
The article considers several generations of Pakistani immigrants from Karachi to various cities in the United States such as Chicago and New York and explores how chronic diseases are shaped by the reverberations of conflict in kin relations in the US and Pakistan. Instead of examining the experience of chronic illness in isolation, the article considers how webs of evolving relations, tensions, competition, and conflicts among distant and close kin are experienced by the vulnerable and those who try to care for them. These conflicts are shaped by the experience of absence and also in the lives of intimate kin, and often appear in violent form. In navigating these relations, caregivers of those with illnesses develop strategies to maintain communications with wider kinship networks while also shielding the sick from the ramifications of ongoing disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Seed priming with growth regulators modulates production, physiology and antioxidant defense of Indian squash (Praecitrullus fistulosus) under semi-arid conditions.
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Qamar, Rafi, Khan, Sanaullah, Safdar, Muhammad Ehsan, Atique-ur-Rehman, Rehman, Abdul, Javeed, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad, Nadeem, Muhammad Ather, Al-Yahyai, Rashid, and Alkahtani, Jawaher
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GROWTH regulators , *INDOLEACETIC acid , *SQUASHES , *BETAINE , *SEEDS , *GERMINATION , *THIOUREA - Abstract
Indian squash (Praecitrullus fistulosus) crop faces heat and drought during its growth that is considered the most important abiotic stress in semi-arid areas. Seed priming with growth regulators enhances stress tolerance; hence, mitigates the adverse effects of unpredictable stresses due to adverse weather conditions. This two-year (2019 and 2020) study was conducted to infer the role of seed priming in improving heat tolerance of Indian squash (cultivar Sahavi) through improvement in physiological and antioxidant defense systems. Six treatments that included no priming (control), hydropriming, priming with indole acetic acid (IAA) at 100 mg L-1, salicylic acid (SA) at 50 mg L-1, ascorbic acid (AA) at 100 mg L-1 and thiourea at 500 mg L-1 each for 06 hours) were included in the study. Results revealed that priming with AA and SA significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced germination (39 and 47%), germination index (57 and 58%), plant height (23 and 22%), vine length (15 and 14%), number of fruits per plant (62%), fruit weight per plant (66 and 67%), economic yield (32%), photosynthesis rate (18 and 17%), protein content (10%), proline (23%), glycine betaine (3%), malondialdehyde content (11 and 10%) and catalase activity (24%) compared to control treatment. Furthermore, seed priming with AA and SA significantly (P ≤ 0.05) shortened the mean germination time (25 and 28%) compared to the control. The results indicated that AA and SA had significant potential to mitigate adverse effects of heat stress in Indian squash. Findings from this study showed that seed priming with AA and SA promoted heat-stress tolerance and enhanced growth and productivity of Indian squash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Genetic diversity in enhancer II region of HBV genotype D and its association with advanced liver diseases.
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Khan, Majid, Khan, Sanaullah, Gondal, Mehrunnisa Fatima, Bibi, Safia, Khan, Bakht Tarin, Majid, Abdul, Khattak, Ayesha, Khabir, Muhammad Nasir, Anwar, Muhammad, Gul, Aisha, Naseem, Maryam, and Attaullah, Sobia
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GENETIC variation , *LIVER diseases , *HEPATITIS B virus , *CHRONIC active hepatitis , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is one of the most common human infectious agents, and the mutations in its genome may cause chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to characterize the enhancer-II (Enh-II) region of X gene in HBV positive patients to assess the association of such mutations with CH, LC, and HCC. Methods: HBV positive samples (N = 200) with patients' demographic and clinical data were collected from different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The Enh-II region of the HBx gene was sequenced and zanalyzed for polymorphism associated with advanced liver disease. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate potent mutations associated with a risk for LC and HCC. Results: HBV Enh-II region sequences analysis revealed 25 different mutations. The highest frequency of mutations S101F (62.2%), A102V/R/G/I (56.25%), M103L/A (68.75%)were found in HCC, followed in LC and CH patients as 57.1%, 42.8%, 28.52% 16%, 15.2% and 18.4% respectively. H94 deletion in the α-box of the Enh-II region, associated with a high risk of HCC was found in half of the HCC patients. This deletion was present in 28.5% of LC and 6.5% of CH patients. Importantly, the high frequency of some notable mutations such as E109A/Y, A110S/K, Y111D/E, and F112L was first time reported in the entire study population. The frequencies of these mutations were high in HCC (43.75%, 37.5%, 50% and 43.75% respectively) as compared to LC (14.28%, 14.28%, 28.2% and 42.8%) and CH patients (12.8%, 15.2%, 16.8% and 16% respectively). Conclusion: Mutations associated with LC and HCC are prevalent in the Enh-II region in Pakistani HBV isolates. The mutations found are alarming in CH patients as these may progress to LC and HCC in a large number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Management of Retrosternal goitres: A four year institutional review in a tertiary hospital.
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Ullah, Ihsan, Khan, Sanaullah, Khan, Nazish Izhar, Jan, Azam, Arsalan Khan, Mohammad Ahmad, and Hayat, Muhammad Khizar
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SURGICAL complications , *HOSPITALS , *GOITER , *SYMPTOMS , *MUSIC charts , *THYROIDECTOMY - Abstract
Objective: To account for the characteristic presentations, pathology and the post-operative complications of surgical treatment of retrosternal goitre. Study Design: Retrospective Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Period: July 2016 and December 2019. Material & Methods: All patients that underwent thyroidectomy during the study period were included in the study. The thyroid gland that did not have retrosternal extensions were excluded. Retrospective chart records of all these patients were analysed. Data obtained from the charts was recorded on Statistical package for social services version 23.0 and analysed for descriptive statistics. Results: 67 patients with goiters were at the tertiary care center of Peshawar, females (77.6%) and males (22.4%). 6 (8.9%) were retrosternal. The most common symptoms were neck swelling (83.3%) followed by shortness of breath (66.7%). Post-operative hypocalcaemia was the most common complication among retrosternal thyroidectomy patients (66.7%). Only one patient needed sternotomy. Conclusion: All patients with retrosternal goitre should be offered surgery. The post-operative complications are low and resolve uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. A systematic review of medicinal plants used against Echinococcus granulosus.
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Ali, Rehman, Khan, Sanaullah, Khan, Marina, Adnan, Muhammad, Ali, Ijaz, Khan, Taj Ali, Haleem, Sumbal, Rooman, Muhammad, Norin, Sadia, and Khan, Shahid Niaz
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ECHINOCOCCUS granulosus , *MEDICINAL plants , *META-analysis , *BERBERINE , *ESSENTIAL oils , *ECHINOCOCCUS , *THYMOL , *LAMIACEAE - Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic helminthiasis caused by different species of the genus Echinococcus, and is a major economic and public health concern worldwide. Synthetic anthelmintics are most commonly used to control CE, however, prolonged use of these drugs may result in many adverse effects. This study aims to discuss the in vitro/in vivo scolicidal efficacy of different medicinal plants and their components used against Echinococcus granulosus. Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus were used to retrieve the published literature from 2000–2020. A total of 62 published articles met the eligibility criteria and were reviewed. A total of 52 plant species belonging to 22 families have been reported to be evaluated as scolicidal agents against E. granulosus worldwide. Most extensively used medicinal plants against E. granulosus belong to the family Lamiaceae (25.0%) followed by Apiaceae (11.3%). Among various plant parts, leaves (36.0%) were most commonly used. Essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Ferula asafetida at a concentration of 0.02, and 0.06 mg/ml showed 100% in vitro scolicidal activity after 10 min post application, respectively. Z. multiflora also depicted high in vivo efficacy by decreasing weight and size while also causing extensive damage to the germinal layer of the cysts. Plant-based compounds like berberine, thymol, and thymoquinone have shown high efficacy against E. granulosus. These plant species and compounds could be potentially used for the development of an effective drug against E. granulosus, if further investigated for in vivo efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of drug action in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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8. Molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii in domesticated and broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) that possibly augment the pool of human toxoplasmosis.
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Khan, Muhammad Bar, Khan, Sanaullah, Rafiq, Khair, Khan, Shahid Niaz, Attaullah, Sobia, and Ali, Ijaz
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BROILER chickens , *TOXOPLASMA gondii , *CHICKEN as food , *WARM-blooded animals , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M , *TOXOPLASMOSIS , *DOMESTIC animals - Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals including domesticated birds and humans. Birds normally get infected by ground feeding and human beings contract the disease by consumption of undercooked chicken meat. This study aimed to analyze seroprevalence and DNA of T. gondii in chickens (domesticated and broiler) and to assess possible transfer to humans by review of available literature from Pakistan. Blood from and tissues from domesticated and broilers chickens were analyzed for Toxo-IgM/IgG and Toxoplasma DNA through ELISA and PCR respectively. Furthermore, research articles published during 1990–2019 on the prevalence of T. gondii in humans from Pakistan, were analyzed to assess the possible infection burden in the area in connection to transmission from chickens. The overall prevalence of IgM and IgG for T. gondii was 17.83% and 8.8% respectively in the study areas. Significant seroprevalence was found in domesticated chickens than broilers. In domesticated chickens, the prevalence was high in age ≥ 2 years. Toxoplasma DNA was detected in tissues with an overall prevalence of 10.84%. Higher prevalence was observed in liver (10.50%) than heart (9.5%) and muscles (7.11%). Only 4.78% broiler and 2.38% domesticated chickens were positive for both IgM and DNA, 1.2% domesticated and 1.30% broilers were positive for IgG and DNA, while 2.98% domesticated and 2.17% broilers were positive for IgM, IgG, and DNA. Available literature showed that 25.8% of human beings were infected with T. gondii in Pakistan. The prevalence was 20.64% in male and 26.82%in the female. The rate of infections increases with age and high (37.36%) was found in humans of age range 40 to 60 years. A high prevalence of T. gondii is found in both domesticated and broiler chickens in the study area. Moreover, the literature survey indicates that a high seroprevalence of T. gondii is present in human beings of Pakistan. It is concluded that the high prevalence of T. gondii in humans may be associated with the parasite transmission through infected chicken's meat in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. Pre-existing resistance associated polymorphisms to NS3 protease inhibitors in treatment naïve HCV positive Pakistani patients.
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Khan, Hafeez Ullah, Khan, Sanaullah, Shah, Muhammad Akbar, Attaullah, Sobia, and Malik, Muhammad Arshad
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PROTEASE inhibitors , *CHRONIC hepatitis C , *HEPATITIS C virus - Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is still a major health issue especially in endemic areas where fewer direct-acting virals (DAAs) are treatment options. Some HCV variants are associated with resistance and it reduces DAAs success where pre-existing variants prevail. In this study, we investigated resistance-associated polymorphisms (RAPs) in the HCV NS3 region from DAAs naïve Pakistani patients. 277 chronic HCV treatment naïve patients infected with genotype 1a, 3a and 3b were selected from various clinical centers in the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan. All the patients were included in this study after taking informed consent. HCV NS3 region was amplified and Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze RAPs to NS3 protease inhibitors. Of the total 29.24% (81/277) patients had detected with known RAPs viz V36A/G/L, T54S, V55A/D/I, Q80K/R, S122G/T/R, R155K/T/I, V158I, D168T/Q, and I170V. Among HCV-1a subjects overall RAPs found were 26.09% (12/46) and most prevalent substitutions were V36A/G (10.87%, 5/46) and R155K/T/I (8.70%, 4/46). Of the total HCV-3a infected patients, 30.95% were observed with RAPS. Ammon these, the most frequent substitutions were Q80R (13.69%, 23/168) followed by V36L (18.33%, 14/168) and V55I (5.95%, 10/168). Among HCV-3b patients, 26.98% were found with RAPs and S122R and Q80R were the dominant variants detected in 17.46 (11/63) and 12.70% (8/63) patients respectively. All these substitutions were associated with Boceprevir, Simeprevir, Telaprevir, and Paritaprevir. Single substitution in one sequence was found in 18.77% (52/277) and multiple in 10.46% (29/277). More than one RAP was frequent in HCV-3a sequences. Natural RAPs are common in chronic HCV patients infected with genotype 1a, 3a and 3b, the most prevalent subtypes in Pakistan. High prevalence of HCV NS3 RAPs suggested a large scale study of the NS3 gene before the introduction of NS3 protease inhibitors in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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10. A novel deep learning based framework for the detection and classification of breast cancer using transfer learning.
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Khan, SanaUllah, Islam, Naveed, Jan, Zahoor, Ud Din, Ikram, and Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C
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DEEP learning , *BREAST cancer , *TUMOR classification , *CONCEPT learning , *BREAST imaging - Abstract
• A deep learning-based framework is proposed for the classification of breast cancer in breast cytology images. • Three different deep learning architectures (GoogLeNet, VGGNet, and ResNet) have been analysed. • The proposed framework gives a high level of accuracy in the classification of breast cancer. Breast cancer is among the leading cause of mortality among women in developing as well as under-developing countries. The detection and classification of breast cancer in the early stages of its development may allow patients to have proper treatment. In this article, we proposed a novel deep learning framework for the detection and classification of breast cancer in breast cytology images using the concept of transfer learning. In general, deep learning architectures are modeled to be problem specific and is performed in isolation. Contrary to classical learning paradigms, which develop and yield in isolation, transfer learning is aimed to utilize the gained knowledge during the solution of one problem into another related problem. In the proposed framework, features from images are extracted using pre-trained CNN architectures, namely, GoogLeNet, Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) and Residual Networks (ResNet), which are fed into a fully connected layer for classification of malignant and benign cells using average pooling classification. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework, experiments are performed on standard benchmark data sets. It has been observed that the proposed framework outclass all the other deep learning architectures in terms of accuracy in detection and classification of breast tumor in cytology images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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11. Frequency and association of Epstein-Barr Virus genotype in rheumatoid arthritis patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Munir, Ayesha, Khan, Suleman, Khan, Sanaullah, Attaullah, Sobia, Munir, Mehwish, Saleem, Aisha, and Ali, Ijaz
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RHEUMATOID arthritis , *EPSTEIN-Barr virus , *GENOTYPES , *DISEASE duration , *INFORMED consent (Medical law) - Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated, polyarthritis linked with various genetic and environmental causative agents. Among environmental triggers, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is considered the most potent etiological agent. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EBV and its genotypes in RA patients and to investigate their association with clinical and laboratory parameters of RA. Methodology: This study included blood samples of RA and control healthy individuals (100 each). Blood samples along with clinical and laboratory parameters were collected from patients after consent in the Department of Rheumatology, at Lady Reading Hospital, in Peshawar Pakistan. Blood samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification for EBV detection and genotype discrimination. Results: RA patients were 85 females and 15 males with a mean age of 40.13±14.05 years. EBV Type-1 was detected in 45% of RA and 9% of control cases. The mean disease duration of RA patients was 6.61±6.23 years. Out of 100 diseased patients, 43% were seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (SPRA) and showed a significant correlation with a family history of RA in EBV-positive individuals (P = 0.017). The demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of RA patients showed a non-significant association with EBV. Moreover, only a family history and Serum creatinine of RA patients showed a significant association with EBV (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.022 respectively). Conclusion: It is concluded that EBV-1 is prevalent and associated with RA. Further investigation is required for detailed genetic analysis of EBV to determine its possible role in modulating the immune system in RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. Interaction between structurally different heteroexopolysaccharides and β-lactoglobulin studied by solution scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Birch, Johnny, Van Calsteren, Marie-Rose, Ipsen, Richard, Peters, Günther H.J., Svensson, Birte, Harris, Pernille, and Almdal, Kristoffer
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LACTOGLOBULINS , *SOLUTION (Chemistry) , *ULTRACENTRIFUGATION , *X-ray scattering , *CONFORMATIONAL analysis - Abstract
Despite a very large number of bacterial exopolysaccharides have been reported, detailed knowledge on their molecular structures and associative interactions with proteins is lacking. Small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) were used to characterize the interactions of six lactic acid bacterial heteroexopolysaccharides (HePS-1–HePS-6) with β-lactoglobulin (BLG). Compared to free HePSs, a large increase in the X-ray radius of gyration R G , maximum length L and hydrodynamic diameter d H of HePS-1–HePS-4 mixed with BLG revealed strong aggregation, the extent of which depended on the compact conformation and degree of branching of these HePSs. No significant effects were observed with HePS-5 and HePS-6. Turbidity and AUC analyses showed that both soluble and insoluble BLG–HePS complexes were formed. The findings provide new insights into the role of molecular structures in associative interactions between HePSs and BLG which has relevance for various industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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13. Effect of alginate size, mannuronic/guluronic acid content and pH on particle size, thermodynamics and composition of complexes with β-lactoglobulin.
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Stender, Emil G.P., Khan, Sanaullah, Ipsen, Richard, Madsen, Finn, Hägglund, Per, Hachem, Maher Abou, Almdal, Kristoffer, Westh, Peter, and Svensson, Birte
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ALGINATES , *PH effect , *PARTICLE size determination , *THERMODYNAMICS , *LACTOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide capable of forming insoluble particles with proteins. Hence, alginate has potential as a protein carrier. However, the role of physical properties of the polysaccharide, such as degree of polymerization (DP n ) and mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio, remains to be fully explored. Particle formation of a high and a low molar mass alginate (ALG) with β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at pH 2–8 depends on the average DP n (HMW-ALG: 1.59·10 3 ; LMW-ALG: 0.23·10 3 ) and the mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio (1.0; 0.6) as supported by using ManA 6 and GulA 6 as models. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that particles of BLG with either of the two ALGs have essentially the same hydrodynamic diameter ( D H ) at pH 3 and 2, while at pH 4 particles of LMW-ALG/BLG have larger D H than of HMW-ALG/BLG. At pH 5–8 no significant particle formation was observed. ManA 6 did not form insoluble particles at pH 2–8, while GulA 6 formed insoluble particles, albeit only at pH 4. K d was approximately 10-fold higher for LMW-ALG/BLG than HMW-ALG/BLG and 3 orders of magnitude higher for an alginate trisaccharide/BLG complexation as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The alginate trisaccharide did not form insoluble particles with BLG at pH 3 and 4, though interaction still occurred. Δ H app and molar stoichiometry of BLG in the complexes with the two ALGs differed by a factor of 7, as did their DP n , which thus affected the interaction strength, but not the BLG content. At pH 4 the BLG content doubled in the particle due to BLG dimerization. The findings emphasize the importance of DP n , mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio and pH in formulations containing alginate/whey protein particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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14. Revealing the Compact Structure of Lactic Acid Bacterial Heteroexopolysaccharides by SAXS and DLS.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Birch, Johnny, Harris, Pernille, Van Calsteren, Marie-Rose, Ipsen, Richard, Peters, Günther H. J., Svensson, Birte, and Almdal, Kristoffer
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LACTIC acid bacteria , *MICROBIAL exopolysaccharides , *LIGHT scattering , *MOLECULAR models , *MILK proteins - Abstract
Molecular structures of exopolysaccharides are required to understand their functions and the relationships between the structure and physical and rheological properties. Small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering were used in conjunction with molecular modeling to characterize solution structures of three lactic acid bacterial heteroexopolysaccharides (HePS-1, HePS-2, and HePS-3). Values of radius of gyration RG, cross-sectional radius of gyration RXS, approximate length L, and hydrodynamic diameter were not directly proportional to the molar mass and indicated the HePSs adopted a compact coil-like rather than an extended conformation. Constrained molecular modeling of 15000 randomized HePS-1 conformers resulted in five best-fit structures with R factor of 3.9-4.6% revealing random coil-like structure. Φ and Ψ angle analysis of glycosidic linkages in HePS-1 structures suggests Galf residues significantly influence the conformation. Ab initio scattering modeling of HePS-2 and HePS-3 gave excellent curve fittings with χ² of 0.43 and 0.34 for best-fit models, respectively, compatible with coil-like conformation. The findings disclose solution behavior of HePS relevant for their interactions with biomacromolecules, for example, milk proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. Efficient degradation of lindane by visible and simulated solar light-assisted S-TiO2/peroxymonosulfate process: Kinetics and mechanistic investigations.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Han, Changseok, Khan, Hasan M., Boccelli, Dominic L., Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N., and Dionysiou, Dionysios D.
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LINDANE , *TITANIUM dioxide , *PEROXYMONOSULFATE , *CHEMICAL kinetics , *PHOTOCATALYSIS - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Removal of lindane was studied by visible and simulated solar light-assisted S-TiO 2. • Efficiency of S-TiO 2 photocatalysis dramatically increased in the presence of HSO 5 −. • Operational parameters such as pH, concentration of lindane and HSO 5 − were optimized. • Degradation mechanism was proposed based on identified intermediates and final products. • S-TiO 2 photocatalysis is an effective AOP to treat lindane contaminated waters. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are toxic and the most potent endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. Most OCPs are resistant towards oxidation by OH due to presence of electron-withdrawing chlorine group in their molecular structures. Here, we investigated a visible and simulated solar light-assisted sulfur doped TiO 2 (S-TiO 2)/peroxymonosulfate (HSO 5 −) process to eliminate a selected OCP, lindane. Initially, visible and simulated solar light-assisted S-TiO 2 photocatalysis resulted in 31.0 and 63.4% removal of lindane (C 0 = 1.0 μM), respectively in 6 h. The photocatalytic activity of S-TiO 2 was dramatically increased in the presence of 0.2 mM HSO 5 −, leading to 68.2 and 99.9% lindane removal under visible and simulated solar light illumination, respectively in 6 h. The observed pseudo first-order rate constant for simulated solar light-assisted S-TiO 2 /HSO 5 − decreased with increasing initial concentration of lindane, corresponding to 8.98 × 10−1, 6.58 × 10−1 and 3.84 × 10−1 h−1 at [lindane] 0 of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μM, respectively. The degradation kinetics were significantly affected by solution pH, leading to 88.2, 99.9 and 71.4% removal of lindane in 6 h at pH 4.0, 5.8 and 8.0, respectively. S-TiO 2 film exhibited a high mechanical strength with only 3.3% loss of efficiency after four repeated cycles. Based on the detected reaction intermediates, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed, suggesting dechlorination, dehydrogenation, and hydroxylation via OH, SO 4 − and O 2 − attack. The results suggest that visible and simulated solar light-assisted S-TiO 2 /HSO 5 − is a promising alternative for treatment of water contaminated with most OCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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16. Purification and characterization of 2S albumin from Nelumbo nucifera.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Ali, Syed Abid, Yasmin, Tayyaba, Ahmed, Mushtaq, and Khan, Hidayatullah
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PLANT 2S albumins , *EAST Indian lotus , *SEED storage compounds (Biochemistry) - Abstract
The 2S albumins are a group of seed storage proteins that have recently attracted considerable attention in the field of allergen science due to their allergenic potential. A new 2S albumin from seeds ofNelumbo nucifera(Nn-2S alb) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. The protein has a molecular mass of about 12 kDa estimated by SDS–PAGE, in good agreement with 12.5 ± 0.01 kDa determined by ESI–MS. Circular dichroism data showed that protein contained about 66% α-helices as estimated by K2D3, indicating that the protein was predominantly helical. The sedimentation coefficient (s°20,w) of the predicted model was 1.72 ± 0.21 S. The predicted 3-dimensional structure of the Nn-2S alb revealed that the protein has a region of 12 amino acids which largely corresponds to the conserved immuno-dominant epitope of 2S allergens. Surface and ribbon representations of Nn-2S albumin model, showing hydrophobic cavity in gray (A), and hypervariable region (yellow in B) and the amino acids residues (sticks) that constitute hydrophobic cavity (B). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2016
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17. Chronic toxoplasmosis and possible risk factors associated with pregnant women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Majid, Abdul, Khan, Sanaullah, Jan, Abdul Hamid, Taib, Muhammad, Adnan, Muhammad, Ali, Ijaz, and Khan, Shahid Niaz
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TOXOPLASMOSIS , *PREGNANT women , *ABORTION , *STILLBIRTH , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is the major cause of abortion and stillbirths among women of childbearing age. The aim of this study is to determine chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection at various trimesters of pregnancy and to identify various possible routes of transmission and contamination in North-West Pakistan. A total of 733 blood samples were randomly obtained from antenatal/maternity centres. A detail questionnaire was designed to analyse the clinical history of the subjects tested for specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by using immunofluorescence assay. Overall toxoplasmosis was detected in 18.41% of the studied population. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was found 7.17% in first trimester with highest prevalence 31.28% in third trimester. Increase in the prevalence of parasite was seen with rise in age highest found in higher age group (P ˂ 0.05). As compared to district Lower Dir and Swat, Upper Dir had high rate 33.03% of chronic infection. Consumption of undercooked meat was also found 45.22% related with the prevalence of infection. A significant relation was observed with level of education (P ˂ 0.05) and prevalence of toxoplasmosis. An association was observed between prevalence of T. gondii infection and various risk factors, i.e. consumption of raw eggs, vegetables, contact with cats, cattle, soil, water sources and use of unpasteurized milk. This study shows high prevalence of the parasite in the studied area. Pregnant women in contact with cats were found more at risk. Education of childbearing age women, personal hygiene and contact with soil was also found important possible risk factors in the spread of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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18. Efficient degradation of lindane in aqueous solution by iron (II) and/or UV activated peroxymonosulfate.
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Khan, Sanaullah, He, Xuexiang, Khan, Hasan M., Boccelli, Dominic, and Dionysiou, Dionysios D.
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LINDANE , *AQUEOUS solutions , *ULTRAVIOLET detectors , *OXIDIZING agents , *CHLORINATION - Abstract
Degradation of lindane, a highly persistent and potentially carcinogenic pesticide, by iron (II) activated peroxymonosulfate (Fe 2+ /HSO 5 − ) was investigated. The efficiency of this process was found to increase with UV light irradiation, probably due to an improved regeneration of Fe 2+ for a fast generation of highly reactive OH and SO 4 − . A greater mineralization and dechlorination efficiency was also observed by UV/Fe 2+ /HSO 5 − , with a 92.2% total organic carbon removal and 96.4% chloride ion release after 180 min UV illumination. Removal of lindane by such a photochemical process was further promoted with increasing the initial concentration of either Fe 2+ (10–1000 μM) or HSO 5 − (50–1000 μM). The initial degradation rate of lindane increased while the observed pseudo first - order rate constant ( k obs ) decreased with increasing the initial concentration of lindane. Higher pH (>4) resulted in a lower efficiency of UV/Fe 2+ /HSO 5 − , attributable to the complexation or precipitation of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ . A Fe 2+ level of 50 and 500 μM showed a comparable effect on lindane mineralization, probably due to the scavenging of SO 4 − and OH or the faster decomposition of the oxidant by excess Fe 2+ . Additionally, potential activation of Fe 2+ /HSO 5 − by fluorescence light was evaluated. Despite an enhanced degradation of lindane, no significant mineralization of lindane was observed. The results indicate that UV/Fe 2+ /HSO 5 − is effective and has a strong application potential for the degradation of lindane and other chlorinated pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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19. Tunable mixed micellization of β-casein in the presence of κ-casein.
- Author
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Wijaya, Wahyu, Khan, Sanaullah, Madsen, Mikkel, Møller, Marie Sofie, Maria Rovers, Tijs Albert, Jæger, Tanja Christine, Ipsen, Richard, Westh, Peter, and Svensson, Birte
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CASEINS , *CRITICAL micelle concentration , *MICELLAR solutions , *ISOTHERMAL titration calorimetry , *SMALL-angle scattering , *HEAT of formation - Abstract
Casein-casein interactions can be very useful for tuning structural and physical properties of mixed casein micelles for food and biotechnology applications, particularly in the dairy industry. The present work focuses on the structures of mixed micelles formed by stepwise addition of a micellar β-casein solution to either 0.05 or 0.3 mM κ-casein, i.e. below or above the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of κ-casein, respectively. Insight into the thermodynamics of this mixed micellization was achieved using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which indicated a less favorable enthalpy of formation and a downward shift of the CMC of mixed micelles with 0.3 mM κ-casein. Hydrophobic interactions are the main driving force behind the mixed micellization as probed by using pyrene, a hydrophobic fluorophore. Structural characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that addition of micellar β-casein to 0.05 mM κ-casein oligomers caused strong perturbation and formation of smaller micelles compared to when added to 0.3 mM κ-casein in micellar state. Thus, association of β-casein with κ-casein in these two different physical forms of loosely interacting oligomers and micelles, respectively, can modulate formation of mixed micelles with regard to structural properties such as shape, size and molecular packing (compactness). Image 1 • β-/κ-casein interactions observed by thermodynamic and structural characterization. • Critical micelle concentration β-/κ-casein mixed micelles was determined. • Addition of β-casein changed β-/κ-casein mixed micelles compactness. • Tunable size and shape of β-/κ-casein mixed micelles. • Microenvironment polarity changes indicated different types of micelles was formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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20. Safety and efficacy of Sofosbuvir therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Jawad, Muhammad, Attaullah, Sabia, Khan, Sanaullah, Ullah, Faheem, Zahid, Muhammad, Saeed, Faisal, Rizwan, Ayesha, and Wahab, Abdul
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CHRONIC hepatitis C , *HEPATITIS C , *CHI-squared test , *HEPATITIS viruses , *VIRAL hepatitis ,SOFOSBUVIR - Abstract
This study is designed to monitor the rapid virological response (RVR) for 8 weeks and sustained virological response (SVR) for 12 weeks during Sofosbuvir therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. A total of 162 hepatitis C positive patients were enrolled in this study. After RNA isolation, Quantitative PCR was done to get viral load, and Ohn et al., 1997 protocol were used for hepatitis virus different genotypes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. A Sample t-test was applied to compare gender and age. Chi Square test was applied to compare the RVR and SVR. In total 162 positive hepatitis C patients, 90 were male and 72 were female. High rate 153(94%) of RVR and 158(97%) SVR were achieved during 8 and 12 weeks of sofosbuvir therapy. High SVR and RVR were achieved in the <30 and 31-40 age groups. High EVR 125(99%) by genotype 3 were achieved at 8 weeks of therapy and high SVR 126(100%) by genotype 3 and 28(93%) by genotype 1 were achieved at 12 weeks of sofosbuvir therapy. The current study reveals that high RVR and SVR rates were obtained by shortening the SOF therapy's treatment time up to 8 and 12 weeks. We got a 98.7% response rate at the end of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
21. Degradation of highly chlorinated pesticide, lindane, in water using UV/persulfate: kinetics and mechanism, toxicity evaluation, and synergism by H2O2.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Sohail, M., Han, Changseok, Khan, Javed Ali, Khan, Hasan M., and Dionysiou, Dionysios D.
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LINDANE , *ORGANIC water pollutants , *WATER use , *WATER chlorination , *WATER pollution , *PESTICIDES - Abstract
• Degradation of lindane by UV/persulfate based AOPs was investigated. • Mechanism involved H-abstraction by SO 4 •− accompanied by C-Cl bond cleavage via UV-C. • Both less and more toxic by-products than lindane were produced, but vanished at high UV dose. • Natural organic matter and inorganic ions considerably affect degradation efficiency. • H 2 O 2 had significant synergistic effects on UV/persulfate process. Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are emerging technologies for decomposing organic pollutants in water. This study investigated the efficiency of UV/persulfate (UV/S 2 O 8 2−) process to degrade lindane in water, showing 93.2% lindane removal ([lindane] 0 = 3.43 μM, [S 2 O 8 2−] 0 = 100 μM) at a UV fluence of 720 mJ/cm2. The lindane degradation followed first order kinetics and mechanistic studies suggested H-abstraction by SO 4 •− and Cl removal via C-Cl bond cleavage by UV-C light. Toxicity assessment using ECOSAR program showed toxicity gradually decreased and eventually no significant toxicity remained when all by-products vanished at high UV dose. Removal efficiency of lindane decreased from 93.2% to 38.4, 45.5, 56.0, 84.3 and 88.6%, by adding 1.0 mg/L humic acid or 1.0 mM CO 3 2−, HCO 3 −, Cl− or SO 4 2−, respectively. Coupling of H 2 O 2 with UV/S 2 O 8 2− showed a significant synergistic effect with 99.0% lindane removal at a UV fluence of 600 mJ/cm2, using [S 2 O 8 2−] 0 = [H 2 O 2 ] 0 = 50 μM while UV/H 2 O 2 resulted in only 36.6% lindane removal ([lindane] 0 = 3.43 μM, [H 2 O 2 ] 0 = 100 μM) at a UV fluence of 720 mJ/cm2. The results indicate that SR-AOP has potential for consideration as a remedial technology to treat persistent chlorinated pesticides such as lindane in contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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22. Kikuchi's disease (KD); mimicking malignant lymphoma: A rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy.
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Ullah, Ihsan, Hayat, Muhammad Khizar, Khan, Sanaullah, Khan, Nazish, Bibi, Chaand, and Rehman, Maham
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LYMPHADENITIS , *NEEDLE biopsy , *LYMPH nodes , *ACCESS to archives , *LYMPHOMAS - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to present six cases of cervical lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as Kikuchi's disease and raise the index of suspicion for this disease. Study Design: Case Series. Setting: Histopathology and Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery Department at Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to March 2021. Material & Methods: Records of patients for cases diagnosed as "histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis" were retrieved, their corresponding patient files accessed from the archive, and case notes analyzed. Results: In this series, a total of six cases of Kikuchi's disease are presented. A female predominance is evident from the present data (2:1 female to male ratio). All patients presented with palpable lymph nodes in the neck, predominantly on the left (66.7%). Majority (66.7%) presented with neuralgic pain (on/off). Only one patient did not show weight loss and night sweating, the remaining had all the symptoms. All of the patients recovered spontaneously within 6 months (range 2 to 6 months) with symptomatic treatment for neuralgic pain. Conclusion: Kikuchi's disease should be kept in the differential diagnosis in young females with persistent neck masses, palpable lymph nodes and suspicious fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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23. Effects of aqueous extract of Medicago denticulata against paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.
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Ahmad, Saeed, Zeb, Alam, and Khan, Sanaullah
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MEDICAGO , *HEPATOTOXICOLOGY , *SYNTHETIC drugs , *BLOOD lipids , *FERTILIZERS , *TETRACYCLINES - Abstract
Medicago denticulata is commonly used as a leafy vegetable, salad, and food ingredient. In this study, different doses of leaves aqueous extract of M. denticulata (MD) were fed to intoxicated rabbits with paracetamol (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) for regular 21 days. The aqueous extract was evaluated for phenolic composition using HPLC‐DAD. Serum biochemical and hematological parameters were studied to check its activity. The liver was examined histologically and for antioxidant status. Results revealed that paracetamol led to a significant alteration in all the hematological (RBC, WBC, Hb, PLT, and HCT), and serum lipid parameters (TC, HDL, LDL, and TG) while MD at the dose rate of 300 mg/kg had a curative effect on the stabilization of the affected parameters. The high dose of MD ameliorated different antioxidant parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of the liver on day 21st of the treatment. Histological studies revealed significant paracetamol‐induced toxicity of the liver, whereas the MD had positive effects on induced toxicity. Improvement in all these alterations confirms the curative potential of Medicago denticulata extract. Practical applications: Paracetamol is a well‐known antipyretic and analgesic medicine. However, it has been found to cause toxicity including hepatotoxicity. Synthetic drugs such as statins, antibiotics, and anti‐viral are used for curing hepatic diseases also cause severe side effects. Thus, nutraceuticals from plant foods are used to reduce the side effects of different hepatotoxic medicine are continuously researched. This study reported for the first time that aqueous extract of the plant leaves was protective against the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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24. Livestock Depredation by Large Carnivores and Human–Wildlife Conflict in Two Districts of Balochistan Province, Pakistan.
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Ullah, Najeeb, Basheer, Irum, Rehman, Faiz ur, Zhang, Minghai, Khan, Muhammad Tayyab, Khan, Sanaullah, and Du, Hairong
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Livestock herding is an essential and time-honored practice in Balochistan, playing a pivotal role in the region's economy, culture, and way of life. The livestock sector is of utmost important in the province, catering to nearly 20% of the national stock. Over centuries, large predators and their prey species, including livestock, have coexisted in these mountainous landscapes. Consequently, large carnivores are more likely to interact with humans due to their extensive home ranges. This research aims to explore the impact of livestock depredation by large predators on livelihoods and conservation efforts in two districts of Balochistan, Pakistan. A human–carnivore conflict survey was conducted from July to September 2019, gathering data from 311 residents in the selected study area. Large predators in the region preyed on a total of 876 livestock over a year, comprising 560 goats, 292 sheep, 19 cows, and 5 donkeys. The gray wolf emerged as the primary predator, accounting for 66.3% of livestock depredation, which was followed by the caracal (24.3%), Asiatic jackal (8.9%), and striped hyena (0.6%). The economic loss totaled USD 78,694. Notably, 80% of respondents held negative perceptions toward wolves compared to 24.4% for caracals. Only 20.6% of respondents were aware of the importance of conserving carnivores. Livestock depredation by carnivores has fostered negative perceptions among locals toward these animals. There exists a lack of awareness regarding the significance of conserving carnivore species and their ecological roles. It is crucial to raise awareness among communities about the ecological importance of predators like the gray wolf, caracal, Asiatic jackal, striped hyena, and Balochistan black bear through community meetings and educational seminars. Furthermore, providing basic education to herders on effective livestock guarding practices is recommended to mitigate human–carnivore conflicts and promote coexistence between wildlife and local communities in Balochistan. Livestock herding is a vital practice in Balochistan, contributing to the economy and culture. The livestock sector is significant in Balochistan, providing 20% of the national stock. Large predators and their prey species, including livestock, have coexisted in these mountainous landscapes for centuries. The aim of the present research is to investigate the impacts of livestock depredation by large predators on livelihoods and predator conservation in two districts of Balochistan, Pakistan. A human–carnivore conflict survey was conducted from July to September 2019, collecting data from 311 residents in a selected study area. Large predators in the study area preyed on a total of 876 livestock during a one-year period, including 560 goats, 292 sheep, 19 cows, and 5 donkeys. The gray wolf is the leading predator, responsible for 66.3% of livestock depredation, followed by the caracal (24.3%), Asiatic jackal (8.9%), and striped hyena (0.6%). The total economic loss was USD 78,694. Overall, 80% of respondents had a negative perception of wolves compared to 24.4% for caracals. Only 20.6% of respondents knew about the importance of conserving carnivores. Livestock depredation by carnivores in the study area created a negative perception of these animals among people. There is a lack of awareness about the importance of conserving carnivore species and their role in the ecosystem. This lack of understanding has ultimately led to detrimental effects on predator populations. It is imperative to raise awareness among people about the ecological significance of carnivores through community meetings, seminars in educational institutions, and providing basic education to herders about effective livestock guarding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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25. Exhaustive Photocatalytic Lindane Degradation by Combined Simulated Solar Light-Activated Nanocrystalline TiO2 and Inorganic Oxidants.
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Khan, Sanaullah, Han, Changseok, Sayed, Murtaza, Sohail, Mohammad, Jan, Safeer, Sultana, Sabiha, Khan, Hasan M., and Dionysiou, Dionysios D.
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LINDANE , *ORGANOCHLORINE compounds , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *OXIDIZING agents , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *OZONIZATION - Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs) are very toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. Degradation of lindane, a selected OC, by simulated solar light-activated TiO2 (SSLA-TiO2) photocatalysis was investigated. The film types of the TiO2 photocatalyst were prepared using a dip-coating method. The physical properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The SSLA-TiO2 photocatalysis led to a lindane removal of 23% in 6 h, with 0.042 h−1 of an observed pseudo first-order rate constant (kobs). The SSLA-TiO2 photocatalysis efficiency was greatly enhanced by adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), persulfate (S2O82−), or both combined, corresponding to a 64%, 89%, and 99% lindane removal in the presence of 200 µM of H2O2, S2O82−, or equimolar H2O2-S2O82−, respectively. The hydroxyl and sulfate radicals mainly participated in lindane degradation, proven by the results of a radical scavenger study. The degradation kinetics were hindered in the presence of the water constituents, indicated by a 61%, 35%, 50%, 70%, 88%, and 91% degradation of lindane in 6 h, using a SSLA-TiO2/S2O82−/H2O2 photocatalysis system containing 1.0 mg L−1 humic acid (HA), or 1 mM of CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−, respectively. The TiO2 film demonstrated high reusability during four runs of lindane decomposition experiments. The SSLA-TiO2/S2O82−/H2O2 photocatalysis is very effective for the elimination of a persistent OC, lindane, from a water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. Cystic echinococcosis: an emerging zoonosis in southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Khan, Shahid Niaz, Ali, Rehman, Khan, Sanaullah, Norin, Sadia, Rooman, Muhammad, Akbar, Noor Ul, Khan, Taj Ali, Haleem, Sumbal, Khan, Murad Ali, and Ali, Ijaz
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ECHINOCOCCUS granulosus , *ECHINOCOCCOSIS , *GOAT diseases , *FOOD animals , *LIVESTOCK losses , *SHEEP diseases , *ANIMAL mortality , *GENETIC markers - Abstract
Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the principal causes of economic loss to the livestock industry because of its morbidity and mortality of food-producing animals and condemnation of important visceral organs. Pakistan being an agricultural country having an extensive livestock sector, is mostly practiced by poor people, which has a fundamental role in the economy. The present study was aimed to conduct a cross-sectional survey and PCR based confirmation of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep, goats, cows, and buffaloes from southern regions (three districts: Lakki Marwat, Bannu, and Karak) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. During the study, a total of 2833 animals were examined randomly including; sheep (n = 529), goats (n = 428), cows (n = 1693), and buffaloes (n = 183). Hydatid cysts were collected and examined for the presence of protoscoleces using microscopy. Detection of DNA was performed by using PCR and two mitochondrial genetic markers namely; NAD-1 and COX-1 were amplified. Results: The overall prevalence of CE was found to be (9%) among the examined animals. The hydatid cyst infection was highly prevalent in buffaloes (12%), followed by sheep (10%), cows (9%), and goats (5.1%). Cystic echinococcosis was more prevalent (10%; 96/992) in district Lakki Marwat followed by district Bannu (9%; 112/1246) and Karak (7%; 39/595). Female animals were more likely to be infected with CE (11.6%) than male animals (5.3%) (p = 0.001). Similarly, the infection was higher in the older group of animals as compared to younger (p = 0.001). Mostly (52.2%; n = 129) of hydatid cysts were found in the liver, while (64.4%; n = 159) cysts of the infected animals were infertile. PCR based identification confirmed the presence of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s) in the study area. Conclusion: Cystic echinococcosis was found to be highly prevalent in southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and could be a potential threat to human health. Moreover, molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analyses should be carried out in future to identify the prevailing genotype (s) of E. granulosus s.s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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27. Effect of repeat unit structure and molecular mass of lactic acid bacteria hetero-exopolysaccharides on binding to milk proteins.
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Birch, Johnny, Harðarson, Hörður Kári, Khan, Sanaullah, Van Calsteren, Marie-Rose, Ipsen, Richard, Garrigues, Christel, Almdal, Kristoffer, Hachem, Maher Abou, and Svensson, Birte
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MOLECULAR weights , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *MICROBIAL exopolysaccharides , *MILK proteins , *PROTEIN binding , *PROTEIN structure - Abstract
Interactions of exopolysaccharides and proteins are of great importance in food science, but complicated to analyze and quantify at the molecular level. A surface plasmon resonance procedure was established to characterize binding of seven structure-determined, branched hetero-exopolysaccharides (HePSs) of 0.14–4.9 MDa from lactic acid bacteria to different milk proteins (β-casein, κ-casein, native and heat-treated β-lactoglobulin) at pH 4.0–5.0. Maximum binding capacity (RU max ) and apparent affinity ( K A,app ) were HePS- and protein-dependent and varied for example 10- and 600-fold, respectively, in the complexation with native β-lactoglobulin at pH 4.0. Highest RU max and K A,app were obtained with heat-treated β-lactoglobulin and β-casein, respectively. Overall, RU max and K A,app decreased 6- and 20-fold, respectively, with increasing pH from 4.0 to 5.0. K A,app was influenced by ionic strength and temperature, indicating that polar interactions stabilize HePS–protein complexes. HePS size as well as oligosaccharide repeat structure, conferring chain flexibility and hydrogen bonding potential, influence the K A,app . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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28. Applications Of The Immune-Histochemical Technique For Diagnosis Of Helicobacter Pylori From Gastric Biopsy Samples.
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Larik, Sajjad Ali, Aziz, Saad, Sadiq, Yasir, Majid, Aqsa, Rizwan, Muhammad, Sattar, Imran, Hameed, Syeda Amber, Khan, Sanaullah, and Shabbir, Hasnat
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HELICOBACTER pylori , *LYMPHOID tissue , *PARAFFIN wax , *DIAGNOSIS , *HEMATOXYLIN & eosin staining , *STOMACH ulcers - Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori have ancestral relation with the family of Proteobacteria, order Campylobacterales, family Helicobacteraceae. It is the first and most important cause of gastric carcinoma along with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia carcinoma. H. pylori is also responsible for mucosa associated with lymphoid tissue (MALT) and Known Hodgkin Lymphoma. It is assessed that patients having H. pylori are a 30% to 40% possibility of evolving gastric ulcer and a 10% to 20% possibility of developing distal gastric cancer. It causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of duodenal, gastric ulcer, and cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In the current study, a total of 210 gastric biopsy specimens were collected from the patient with a history of gastritis from Chughtai Lab in 10% NBF. All tissue size was measured and gross examined these samples were processed in an automated tissue processor Tissue-Tek VIP VI (Japan). After processing, the embedding of tissues was done in paraffin wax at Tissue-Tek TEC. 2- 3 µm sections were prepared using rotary microtome Leica 201 USA. A comparison was carried out between H&E and IHC. Helicobacter pylori were detected in 88 cases out of 200 while 09 samples were either poorly preserved or autolyzed that's why further processing and diagnosis were not possible. One case was diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; the sample was collected from a female patient of 56 years. Out of 88 positive cases, 66 (75%) were initially screened as positive for H.pyloriby H&E staining due to the presence of mild or moderate colonization while the remaining 25% cases were negative by H&E staining but with suspicion of neutrophils and lymphoid aggregates. All 88 cases were further confirmed by IHC. Our findings confirmed that IHC is a batter reliable and more accurate method in the diagnosis of H.pylori and it should be considered the gold standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Green Synthesis of Silver Oxide Microparticles Using Green Tea Leaves Extract for an Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water: Synergistic Effect of Persulfate.
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Iqra, Khattak, Rozina, Begum, Bushra, Qazi, Raina Aman, Gul, Hajera, Khan, Muhammad Sufaid, Khan, Sanaullah, Bibi, Naheed, Han, Changseok, and Rahman, Najeeb Ur
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MALACHITE green , *SILVER oxide , *TEA extracts , *GREEN tea , *MICROPOLLUTANTS , *POISONS - Abstract
The removal of water pollutants by photocatalysis is a promising technique, mainly due to its environmentally friendly and sustainable nature. In this study, the degradation of a recalcitrant organic pollutant, malachite green (MG), was investigated in water by a microstructured silver oxide photocatalyst. The silver oxide (Ag2O) microparticles (MPs) were synthesized by a low-cost, green method, mediated by green tea leaves extract. The surface, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized Ag2O MPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectrophotometry. The synthesized Ag2O MPs showed good photoactivity, represented by 83% degradation of malachite green (MG) ([C]0 = 0.4 mM, Ag2O loading = 0.1 g L−1) at neutral pH, in 3 h. Persulfate ions (PS) showed a strong synergistic effect on the efficiency of solar/Ag2O photocatalysis, represented by complete MG removal in 15 min, in the presence of 1.6 mM PS. The results revealed that solar/Ag2O, particularly solar/Ag2O/PS photocatalysis is a promising method for the elimination of toxic organic pollutants, such as malachite green, from the water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. Mechanisms of protein misfolding: Novel therapeutic approaches to protein-misfolding diseases.
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Salahuddin, Parveen, Siddiqi, Mohammad Khursheed, Khan, Sanaullah, Abdelhameed, Ali Saber, and Khan, Rizwan Hasan
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PROTEIN folding , *TERTIARY structure , *INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry) , *OLIGOMERS , *CLUSTERING of particles - Abstract
In protein misfolding, protein molecule acquires wrong tertiary structure, thereby induces protein misfolding diseases. Protein misfolding can occur through various mechanisms. For instance, changes in environmental conditions, oxidative stress, dominant negative mutations, error in post-translational modifications, increase in degradation rate and trafficking error. All of these factors cause protein misfolding thereby leading to diseases conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that partially unfolded or misfolded intermediates are particularly prone to aggregation. These partially misfolded intermediates aggregate via the interaction with the complementary intermediates and consequently enhance oligomers formation that grows into fibrils and proto-fibrils. The amyloid fibrils for example, accumulate in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) as amyloid deposits in the Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Prion disease and Amylo lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, tau protein shows intrinsically disorder conformation; therefore its interaction with microtubule is impaired and this protein undergoes aggregation. This is also underlying cause of Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment of such misfolding maladies is considered as one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. Currently, several treatments strategies have been and are being discovered. These therapeutic interventions partly reversed or prevented the pathological state. More recently, a new approach was discovered, which employs nanobodies that targets multisteps in fibril formation pathway that may possibly completely cure these misfolding diseases. Keeping the above views in mind in the current review, we have comprehensively discussed the different mechanisms underlying protein misfolding thereby leading to diseases conditions and their therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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31. Synthesis, Characterization, and Solar Photo-Activation of Chitosan-Modified Nickel Magnetite Bio-Composite for Degradation of Recalcitrant Organic Pollutants in Water.
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Ara, Asmat, Khattak, Rozina, Khan, Muhammad Sufaid, Begum, Bushra, Khan, Sanaullah, and Han, Changseok
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ORGANIC water pollutants , *AZO dyes , *METHYLENE blue , *MAGNETITE , *POINTS of zero charge , *NICKEL , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising process for decomposing harmful organic pollutants in water. In this study, solar/photocatalytic degradation of two model azo dyes, i.e., methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR), in water usinga nanostructured chitosan-modified nickel magnetite (CS-NM) bio-composite was investigated. The CS-NM bio-composite was synthesized through a co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetry (TGA), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. FTIR analysis showed the uniform incorporation and conjugation of nickel magnetite (NM) into the chitosan (CS) polymer matrix. SEM showed that the average particle size was 0.5 μm. The TGA results revealed the good thermal stability of the prepared bio-composite at 300 °C. The point of zero charge was calculated as 7.5. The effect of water quality and process parameters, such as concentration of dyes, catalyst dose, solution pH, and temperatures, was investigated, for application purposes. The solar/CS-NM photocatalysis resulted in 99 and 96% degradation of individual MB and MR (C0 = 50 ppm), respectively, in 90 min. The degradation of MB and MR by solar/CS-NM photocatalysis followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with observed rate constants (k) of 0.077 and 0.072 min−1, respectively. The CS-NM photocatalyst showed high recyclability, represented by only a 4–6% loss in the photocatalytic efficiency, after four cycles. The results showed that solar/CS-NM photocatalysis is an efficient technique for degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants, such as azo dyes, in water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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32. Epidemiologic profile of hard ticks and molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle in central part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Sultan, Samia, Zeb, Jehan, Ayaz, Sultan, Rehman, Sadeeq Ur, khan, Sanaullah, Hussain, Mubashir, Senbill, Haytham, Husain, Sabir, and Sparagano, Olivier Andre
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RHIPICEPHALUS , *IXODIDAE , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ANIMAL health , *TICK infestations , *CATTLE , *ACARICIDES - Abstract
Tick infestation is a major public and animal health concern causing significant financial losses, especially in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic profile of ticks infesting cattle and molecular identification of R. microplus in the centrally ignored part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 600 cattle from 20 farms were examined for the tick infestation, among them 358 (59.7%) cattle were infested with ticks. A total of 2118 nymph, larvae and adult tick stages were collected and morphologically identified followed by molecular confirmation of Rhipicephalus microplus. Host-based demographic and ecological parameter analysis revealed significantly higher tick infestation in adult, female, exotic, freely grazing, and with irregular/no acaricides treated cattle. The univariate logistic analysis showed that host age, gender, breed, acaricides use, and feeding method were significantly (P < 0.05) associated, whereas multivariate analysis revealed only host breed and feeding method were potential risk factors (P < 0.05) for tick infestation. Microscopy-based examination identified four different species of ticks including R. microplus (44.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum (38.5%), and Hyalomma marginatum (10.5%) and Hyalomma excavatum (6.5%). Tick infestation pattern showed that 55.9% of cattle was found co-infested with R. microplus and H. anatolicum followed by R. microplus and H. anatolicum and H. marginatum (29.3%) then R. microplus, H. anatolicum, H. marginatum, and H. excavatum (11.2%). Sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2-) and 16S rRNA gene fragments also confirmed the molecular identification of Rhipicephalus microplus. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS-2 revealed all sequences clustered in single clade of the R. microplus while the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences showed that R. microplus in this study was clustered together in clade A along with other isolates from Pakistan, China, and India. The high tick infestation suggests the need for designing strategic and integrated control measures for ticks in order to ensure good health of domestic animals in this region of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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33. PCR/RFLP-Based Analysis of Genetically Distinct Plasmodium vivax Population of Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genes in Pakistan.
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Khan, Shahid Niaz, Khan, Asif, Khan, Sanaullah, Ayaz, Sultan, Attaullah, Sobia, Khan, Jabbar, Khan, Muhammad Asim, Ali, Ijaz, and Shah, Abdul Haleem
- Abstract
Background: Plasmodium vivax is one of the widespread human malarial parasites accounting for 75% of malaria epidemics. However, there is no baseline information about the status and nature of genetic variation of Plasmodium species circulating in various parts of Pakistan. The present study was aimed at observing the molecular epidemiology and genetic variation of Plasmodium vivax by analysing its merozoite surface protein-3α (msp-3α) and merozoite surface protein-3β (msp-3β) genes, by using suballele, species-specific, combined nested PCR/RFLP detection techniques. Methods: A total of 230 blood samples from suspected subjects tested slide positive for vivax malaria were collected from Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan during the period May 2012 to December 2013. Combined nested PCR/RFLP technique was conducted using Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genetic markers to detect extent of genetic variation in clinical isolates of P. vivax in the studied areas of Pakistan. Results: By PCR, P. vivax, 202/230 (87.82%), was found to be widely distributed in the studied areas. PCR/RFLP analysis showed a high range of allelic variations for both msp-3α and msp-3β genetic markers of P. vivax, i.e., 21 alleles for msp-3α and 19 for msp-3β. Statistically a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in the genetic diversity of the suballelic variants of msp-3α and msp-3β genes of P. vivax. Conclusion: It is concluded that P. vivax populations are highly polymorphic and diverse allelic variants of Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β are present in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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34. Detection of toxoplasmosis in pets and stray cats through molecular and serological techniques in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Majid, Abdul, Ahmad, Nisar, Haleem, Sumbal, Akbar, Noor ul, Zareen, Shehzad, Taib, Muhammad, Khan, Sanaullah, Hussain, Rafiq, and Sohail
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TOXOPLASMOSIS , *PETS , *FELIDAE , *CATS , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G , *TOXOPLASMA gondii , *CHRONIC diseases - Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an important parasite that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, distributed globally, causing major health issues for a wide range of hosts, including humans, native and wild animals. Methods: In the present study, we detected IgG and IgM antibodies through an ELISA kit and DNA of T. gondii through PCR in 197 pets and stray cats in Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) to estimate the existence of feline toxoplasmosis. Results: The current study revealed that stray cats have a significant infection rate of T. gondii (74.6%) as compared to pet cats (25.4%). In all the four districts, the prevalence of T. gondii was pointedly higher in district Kohat (95.5%) in the feline population. In comparison to the female (75.18%) and male (both pets and stray) cats have a maximum infection of (81.66%) non-significantly. The prevalence of T. gondii was observed to be significantly higher (91.66%) in the older and greater than 4 year old population of cats as compared to the younger ones. In poor health condition, the cat populations has a higher risk of infection of 92.3% as compared to healthy and poor body condition (73.91%) and (82.6%) respectively. The chronic and reactivated chronic conditions of toxoplasmosis were higher (58.37%) as compared to the acute condition. Conclusion: It has been concluded that toxoplasmosis is widely spread in the studied population.The outcomes of the present study show that T. gondii infection has a significant impact on the type of cat, age, and area, which implies a serious threat to human beings. Therefore, genotyping of T. gondii strains from different hosts is needed to forecast the current approach for prevention and control of this zoonotic parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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35. Efficacy of probiotics to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in low birth weight preterm neonates.
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Niazi, Shagufta, Saeed, Farrukh, Tariq, Shahla, Farooq, Muhammad Azhar, Khan, Sanaullah, and Akhter, Syeda Faiza
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LOW birth weight , *NEWBORN infants , *ENTEROCOLITIS , *PREMATURE labor , *PROBIOTICS - Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of probiotics in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among low birth weight (LBW) preterm neonates. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit-II, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: September 2019 to February 2020. Material and Methods: A total of 260 LBW preterm neonates were enrolled. All the neonates were allocated to 2 groups with equal number of cases (130 in each group). Group-A was given probiotics whereas placebo was administered in Group-B. All the cases were admitted and follow ups were made up until 7th day. Occurrence of NEC was recorded among both groups. Results: Out of a total of 260 LBW preterm neonates, 142 (54.6%) were male and118 (45.4%) female. Overall, mean age was noted to be 1.48+0.50 days. Table-I shows that there was no statistical difference among neonates of both study groups in terms of age, gestational age and birth weight (p>0.05). Five (3.8%) neonates in Group-A and 14 (10.8%) in Group-B were found to have NEC. Efficacy of treatment in Group-A was significantly higher in comparison to Group-B. Conclusion: Probiotics are effective in the prevention of NEC in preterm LBW neonates. Prophylactic usage of probiotics among preterm neonates is noted to be helpful in avoiding development of NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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36. Interleukin-6 polymorphisms in HCC patients chronically infected with HCV.
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Adnan, Faisal, Khan, Najeeb Ullah, Iqbal, Aqib, Ali, Ijaz, Petruzziello, Arnolfo, Sabatino, Rocco, Guzzo, Annunziata, Loquercio, Giovanna, Botti, Gerardo, Khan, Sanaullah, Naeem, Muhammad, and Khan, Muhammad Ismail
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ALLELES , *BLOOD cells , *CANCER patients , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DNA , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENOMES , *HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma , *INTERLEUKINS , *GENETIC mutation , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *RISK assessment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHRONIC hepatitis C , *SEQUENCE analysis , *ODDS ratio , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver malignancy in which the risk of development is always multifunctional. Interleukin-6 is a proinflammatory and multifunctional cytokine, which plays an important role in the immune response, haematopoiesis and defence against viral infection. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of Interleukin-6 mutations (rs2069837 and rs17147230) associated with genetic risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Khyber Pakthunkhwa population. A total of 72 hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 38 controls were included in this study. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood cells and Interleukin-6 genotyping was performed using T-ARMS-PCR technique. Our results show a significant increase risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma with the mutation within Interleukin-6 gene with heterozygous G allele (rs2069837) (OR = 10.667, 95%CI = 3.923–29.001, p = < 0.0001) and heterozygous T allele (rs17147230) (OR = 75.385, 95%CI = 9.797–580.065, p = < 0.0001). However, under recessive gene model the results were insignificant in case of Interleukin-6 rs2069837 (OR = 0.605, 95%CI = 0.217–1.689, p = 0.337), while significant in case of Interleukin-6 rs17147230 (OR = 0.298, 95%CI = 0.121–0.734, p = 0.0085). In conclusion, Interleukin-6 mutation is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility. More related studies with other associated interleukins and their whole gene sequencing will be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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37. In Silico identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from MRJP1.
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Tahir, Rana Adnan, Bashir, Afsheen, Yousaf, Muhammad Noaman, Ahmed, Azka, Dali, Yasmine, Khan, Sanaullah, and Sehgal, Sheikh Arslan
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ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme , *PEPTIDES , *REGULATION of blood pressure , *MOLECULAR dynamics , *QUALITY factor , *ACE inhibitors - Abstract
Hypertension is considered as one of the most common diseases that affect human beings (both male and female) due to its high prevalence and also extending widely to both industrialize and developing countries. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure and ACE inhibition with inhibitory peptides is considered as a major target to prevent hypertension. In the current study, a blood pressure regulating honey protein (MRJP1) was examined to identify the ACE inhibitory peptides. The 3D structure of MRJP1 was predicted by utilizing the threading approach and further optimized by performing molecular dynamics simulation for 30 nanoseconds (ns) to improve the quality factor up to 92.43%. Root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuations were calculated to evaluate the structural features and observed the fluctuations in the timescale of 30 ns. AHTpin server based on scoring vector machine of regression models, proteolysis and structural characterization approaches were implemented to identify the potential inhibitory peptides. The anti-hypertensive peptides were scrutinized based on the QSAR models of anti-hypertensive activity and the molecular docking analyses were performed to explore the binding affinities and potential interacting residues. The peptide "EALPHVPIFDR" showed the strong binding affinity and higher anti-hypertensive activity along with the global energy of -58.29 and docking score of 9590. The aromatic amino acids especially Tyr was observed as the key residue to design the dietary peptides and drugs like ACE inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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38. Pretreatment methods for monitoring microplastics in soil and freshwater sediment samples: A comprehensive review.
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Lee, Haesung, Kim, Sanghyeon, Sin, Aebin, Kim, Gwangmin, Khan, Sanaullah, Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N., Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew, and Han, Changseok
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- 2023
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39. Synthesis of eosin modified TiO2 film with co-exposed {001} and {101} facets for photocatalytic degradation of para-aminobenzoic acid and solar H2 production.
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Khan, Javed Ali, Sayed, Murtaza, Shah, Noor S., Khan, Sanaullah, Zhang, Yuxin, Boczkaj, Grzegorz, Khan, Hasan M., and Dionysiou, Dionysios D.
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EOSIN , *FLUE gas desulfurization , *AIR pollutants , *SUSTAINABILITY , *VISIBLE spectra , *DNA damage , *DNA - Abstract
• Eosin modified TiO 2 film with co-exposed {001} and {101} facets was synthesized. • Sulfite/Eosin-TiO 2 system was used as SO 4 − based Advanced Oxidation Process. • Degradation of PABA was performed by sulfite/Eosin-TiO 2 /solar system. • Under visible light irradiation, Eosin-TiO 2 showed appreciable H 2 production rate. • Solar/Eosin-TiO 2 (/SO 3 2–) is a promising method for environmental sustainability. Owing to the increasing photosensitivity and DNA damage properties of para -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), concerns have been raised over the exposure of humans to PABA. Solar light-driven photocatalysis (SPC) provides a promising solution for the effective removal of organic pollutants especially when directed towards sulfate radical (SO 4 −) production. Herein, we have developed a sulfite-enhanced SPC using Eosin-Y sensitized TiO 2 /Ti film as a photocatalyst. The removal efficiency of PABA was enhanced by coupling Eosin-Y with TiO 2 /Ti film as revealed from 23.6 and 48.9 % PABA degradation by reference-TiO 2 /solar and Eosin-TiO 2 /solar, respectively. The apparent rate constant of PABA degradation by Eosin-TiO 2 was improved by 4.7 times in presence of 5 mM sulfite. Interestingly, Eosin-TiO 2 showed appreciable H 2 production rate under visible light illumination. Solar/sulfite/Eosin-TiO 2 system is a promising technology for environmental sustainability by using the renewable solar energy and air pollutants since sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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