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[SPA] La utilización sostenible de especies de la agrobiodiversidad ha destacado como alternativa a un sistema alimentario resiliente, tomando como bandera especies locales ricas en nutrientes y fitoquímicos de interés nutracéuticos. Los ñames pertenecen a un género botánico de tubérculos que pueden ser útiles como fuentes de ingredientes bioactivos y compuestos funcionales para la industria alimentaria, a pesar del desconocimiento sobre su fisiología para un aprovechamiento extensivo. Una de las mayores problemáticas suele ser la pérdida de peso asociada al metabolismo respiratorio de los productos, por lo cual en este estudio se evaluó la intensidad respiratoria y la evolución del peso de tubérculos nativos de américa conocidos como “ñampines” en almacenamiento. Se observó una tendencia a perder mayor peso, con una mayor intensidad respiratoria bajo las condiciones de menor humedad relativa, por lo cual es preciso valores superiores en esta variable, además de modular otras condiciones de almacenamiento a 24 °C. [ENG] The sustainable use of agrobiodiversity species has been highlighted as an alternative to a resilient food system, using local species rich in nutrients and phytochemicals of nutraceutical interest. Yams belong to a botanical genus of tubers that can be useful as sources of bioactive ingredients and functional compounds for the food industry, despite the lack of knowledge about their physiology for extensive use. One of the major problems is usually the weight loss associated with the respiratory metabolism of the products, which is why in this study the respiratory intensity of the products was evaluated. The respiratory intensity and weight evolution of native American tubers known as "yampee" in storage were evaluated in this study. Tubers tended to lose more weight, with greater respiratory intensity under conditions of lower relative humidity, so higher values for this variable are needed, in addition to modulating other storage conditions at 24

The effect of the QTL involved in climacteric ripening ETHQB3.5 on the fruit VOC composition was studied using a set of Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) containing overlapping introgressions from the Korean accession PI 16375 on the chromosome 3 in the climacteric 'Piel de Sapo' (PS) genetic background. ETHQB3.5 was mapped in an interval of 1.24 Mb that contained a NAC transcription factor. NIL fruits also showed differences in VOC composition belonging to acetate esters, non-acetate esters, and sulfur-derived families. Cosegregation of VOC composition (23 out of 48 total QTLs were mapped) and climacteric ripening was observed, suggesting a pleiotropic effect of ETHQB3.5. On the other hand, other VOCs (mainly alkanes, aldehydes, and ketones) showed a pattern of variation independent of ETHQB3.5 effects, indicating the presence of other genes controlling non-climacteric ripening VOCs. Network correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering found groups of highly correlated compounds and confirmed the involvement of the climacteric differences in compound classes and VOC differences. The modification of melon VOCs may be achieved with or without interfering with its physiological behavior, but it is likely that high relative concentrations of some type of ethylene-dependent esters could be achieved in climacteric cultivars.

The effect of the QTL involved in climacteric ripening ETHQB3.5 on the fruit VOC composition was studied using a set of Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) containing overlapping introgressions from the Korean accession PI 16375 on the chromosome 3 in the climacteric ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS) genetic background. ETHQB3.5 was mapped in an interval of 1.24 Mb that contained a NAC transcription factor. NIL fruits also showed differences in VOC composition belonging to acetate esters, non-acetate esters, and sulfur-derived families. Cosegregation of VOC composition (23 out of 48 total QTLs were mapped) and climacteric ripening was observed, suggesting a pleiotropic effect of ETHQB3.5. On the other hand, other VOCs (mainly alkanes, aldehydes, and ketones) showed a pattern of variation independent of ETHQB3.5 effects, indicating the presence of other genes controlling non-climacteric ripening VOCs. Network correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering found groups of highly correlated compounds and confirmed the involvement of the climacteric differences in compound classes and VOC differences. The modification of melon VOCs may be achieved with or without interfering with its physiological behavior, but it is likely that high relative concentrations of some type of ethylene-dependent esters could be achieved in climacteric cultivars.

The gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) is one of the main fruit trees that are part of Colombia's export supply. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers alone (control) or together with integrated fertilization (humic acids or vermicompost; two separate treatments), on the yield and quality of gulupa fruit during two consecutive production cycles in the Colombian Amazon foothills. The climatic conditions were monitored and the phenological state of the plant was related to the average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. The integrated fertilization with vermicompost offered better values in productive parameters (fresh weight, number of fruits and equatorial diameter) irrespective of the cycle considered, but the fruit quality attributes were similar irrespective of the fertilization treatment tested. The fluctuations of the climatic variables of precipitation, relative humidity and solar radiation in both cycles (the second rainiest and affected by the ENSO phenomenon) reduced the quality of the fruit (whole fruit firmness by 19%, dry matter and pulp total titratable acidity by 24%, total soluble solids by 8%, individual sugars by 49%, organic acids by 63% and antioxidant capacity by 67%) as well as the productive parameters during the second cycle. These results demonstrate the high degree of influence exerted by the climate on productive and fruit quality attributes that are decisive in the production and marketing of the fruit.

BACKGROUND. A near-isogenic line (NIL) of melon (SC10-2) with introgression in linkage group X was studied from harvest (at firm-ripe stage of maturity) until day 18 of postharvest storage at 20.5 °C together with its parental control (‘Piel de Sapo’, PS). RESULTS. SC10-2 showed higher flesh firmness and whole fruit hardness but lower juiciness than its parental. SC10-2 showed a decrease in respiration rate accompanied by a decrease in ethylene production during ripening, both of which fell to a greater extent than in PS. The introgression affected 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the levels of which during ripening were generally higher in SC10-2 than in PS. Transcriptomic analysis from RNA-Seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the effects studied. For example, 909 DEGs were exclusive to the introgression, and only 23 DEGs were exclusive to postharvest ripening time. Major functions of the DEGs associated with introgression or ripening time were identified by cluster analysis. About 37 genes directly and/or indirectly affected the delay in ripening of SC10-2 compared with PS in general and, more particularly, the physiological and quality traits measured and, probably, the differential non-climacteric response. Of the former genes, we studied in more detail at least five that mapped in the introgression in linkage group (LG) X, and 32 outside it. CONCLUSION. There is an apparent control of textural changes, VOCs and fruit ripening by an expression quantitative trait locus located in LG X together with a direct control on them due to genes presented in the introgression (CmTrpD, CmNADH1, CmTCP15, CmGDSL esterase/lipase, and CmHK4-like) and CmNAC18.

A melon non-climacteric near-isogenic line (NIL) SC10-2 and its parental ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS) line were studied in two different seasons to analyse the seasonal effects of an introgression (located in LG X) on texture and aroma volatiles at harvest. Several univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the association between the aroma volatile levels and differences in melon texture. Three methodologies involving different treatments of null values were applied to analyse the effects of introgression on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Substitution of the zeros with the minimum value of the same VOC variable per season and line is proposed for the analysis of VOC data. SC10-2 showed higher whole fruit hardness, flesh firmness, and fibrousness, but lower juiciness than PS. One hundred sixteen VOCs were identified to evaluate the introgression effect, in which 60 VOCs were detected in two seasons with very different climatic conditions during fruit set and ripening; twenty-eight VOCs were involved in the differences on aroma production in the comparison of the NIL SC10-2 with PS. The environmental effects were more significant than the introgression effect. The environment particularly affected VOCs rather than textural traits, and at least one potential VOC quantitative trait locus (QTL) located in LG X alone and another interacting with the environment are proposed to affect VOC fruit metabolism.

[SPA] Con el fin de comparar la expresión génica de un melón cerca de la línea isogénica (NIL) SC10-2 y su parental Piel de Sapo (PS) durante la maduración y para comprender los mecanismos de diferenciación, se realizó una secuenciación transcriptoma. Dos genes de CmGGP (GDP-L-galactosa fosforilasa 1) y CmRAP2-11 (factor de transcripción sensible al etileno RAP2-11) mostraron menor expresión relativa en la NIL SC10 -2 versus PS debido a la introgresión en LG X. Sin embargo, no existieron diferencias en expresión de CmAP2-like X1 (factor de transcripción sensible al etileno, similar a AP2 TOE3 isoforma X1). En consecuencia, la expresión de genes que mapearon en el grupo de ligamiento X como un factor de transcripción de respuesta a etileno o del metabolismo del ácido ascórbico estuvieron probablemente asociados con el retraso de maduración. [ENG] The expression of selected genes during ripening was studied considering a melon Near-isogenic Line (NIL) SC10-2 and its parental “Piel de Sapo” (PS). The expression of CmGGP (GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1), CmAP2-like X1 (AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor TOE3 isoform X1) and CmRAP2-11 (ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-11) were differentially expressed in the NIL SC10-2 compared with PS. Consequently, expression of genes that mapped in LG X such as one ethylene response transcription factors or ascorbic acid metabolism gene were probably associated with delayed ripening.

Quality in melons (Cucumis melo L.) is an important criterion for consumer’s acceptance. Like any other fruit, melons development and ripening process are linked to a series of biochemical and physiological changes. The goal of these researches has been focused on determination of the global quality and aroma profile of a non-climacteric near-isogenic line (NIL) SC10-2 of melon developed from the Spanish cultivar T111 (ssp. melo) of the ‘Piel de Sapo’ type (PS) and the Korean accession PI 161375 Songwhan Charmi (ssp. agrestis) (SC), with different texture than its non-climacteric parental PS, in order to map QTLs associated with fruit quality and, particularly, aroma volatiles. A methodology for a consistent study of outliers of non-climacteric melon volatile organic compounds at harvest was reported. For extreme outliers, we proposed the study of compound classes in percentage of total area counts by principal component analysis followed by a further verification with box-whisker plot. The presence of esters usually at higher proportions than expected, or an excess of minority compounds such as ketones, alcohols, terpenes or others are usually a sign of volatile results that can be considered outliers. A comparison was performed in two seasons between the melon near-isogenic line SC10-2 and its parental PS in order to identify the most discriminant flesh aroma volatiles at harvest as potential biomarkers of textural differences (especially flesh firmness) due to introgressions in melon chromosome X, examining seasonal effects on these the former traits. Several univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the association between the aroma volatile levels and differences in melon texture. Three methodologies involving different treatments of null values were applied to analyse the effects of introgression on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Substitution of the zeros with the minimum value of the same VOC variable per season and line is

[SPA] Con el fin de comparar la expresión génica de una línea casi isogénica (NIL) SC10-2 de melón y su Piel de Sapo (PS) parental durante la maduración y para comprender los mecanismos de diferenciación, se realizó una secuenciación de transcriptoma. Los genes CmTCP15 (Factor de actividad de transcripción) y CmGDSL (actividad de la esterasa y la lipasa) tenían una alta expresión diferencial en el NIL SC10-2 en comparación con el PS debido a la introgresión en LG X. En consecuencia, algunos atributos de calidad de fruto como el aroma, dulzura y, probablemente otros pueden estar afectados por tales genes. [ENG] In order to compare the gene expression of a melon Near-isogenic Line (NIL) SC10-2 and its parental Piel de Sapo (PS) during ripening and to understand the differentiate mechanisms, a transcriptome sequencing was performed. CmTCP15 (Transcription factor activity) and CmGDSL (Esterase and lipase activity) genes were high differentially expressed in the NIL SC10-2 compared with PS due to the introgression in LG X. Consequently, some fruit quality traits such as aroma, sweetness and probably others can be affected by such genes.

[SPA] La resistencia del genotipo de chile CM334 contra las tres especies de nematodos agalladores y al oomiceto Phytophthora capsici ha sido asociada con la ruta fenilpropanoide del metabolismo secundario. Sin embargo, el nemátodo falso agallador de raíz Nacobbus aberrans podría inducir cambios en esta ruta. La actividad de la enzima L-fenil alanina amonio liasa (PAL) y el contenido de fenoles solubles totales (FST) fueron determinados en plantas de CM334 inoculadas con N. aberrans, P. capsici o con ambos patógenos. El perfilado de compuestos fenilpropanoide fue analizado mediante HPL-ESI/MS. Los valores más altos de la actividad de PAL y contenido de FST fueron registrados en plantas inoculadas únicamente con P. capsici, mientras aquellas plantas inoculadas con N. aberrans solo o en combinación con P. capsici mostraron los niveles más bajos (P<0.05). Ácidos fenólicos (p-HBA, gálico, caféico, siríngico, sinápico, ferúlico, vanílico, p-coumárico y clorogénico) y flavonoides (rutina, apigenina y luteolina) fueron encontrados en el follaje. El ácido clorogénico y la leutolina fueron los compuestos fenilpropanoides en mayor cantidad en CM334. La concentración de los ácidos p-HBA, clorogénico y los flavonoides fue más baja en las plantas inoculadas con N. aberrans que en el control (P<0.05) en cualquier tiempo de muestreo. N. aberrans indujo modificaciones en el metabolism fenilpropanoide. [ENG] Resistance in the genotype of chilli pepper CM334 against the three major species of root-knot nematodes and the oomycete Phytophthora capsici has been associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway of secondary metabolism. However, the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans could induces changes in this pathway. In this work, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the content of total soluble phenols (TSP) were determined in foliage of CM334 plants inoculated with N. aberrans, P. capsici or both pathogens. Besides, the phenylpropanoid profile was analyzed by HPLC-ESI

A methodology for making consistent studies of outliers of non-climacteric melon volatile organic compounds at harvest is reported. The juice was squeezed from the fruit of the ‘Piel de sapo’ cultivar harvested during two consecutive seasons and the aroma volatiles were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction and measured by gas chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry. A deconvolution analysis was performed to obtain volatile organic compounds. For multivariate the reliable identification of outliers, compound classes were studied as a percentage of total area counts of the melon compounds identified in the chromatogram by principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and then verified by correlation analysis, box-whisker plot, and formal tests for univariate outliers. Principal component analysis was the key methodology for selecting outliers in variables that mostly did not follow a normal distribution. The presence of an excess in terms of relative percentage of area and the diversity of minor compounds such as alcohols, terpenes, acids, among others, are usually a sign of anomalous data that can be considered outliers in the aroma of this non-climacteric cultivar. This multivariate approach removed outliers, but kept the variability of aroma among the samples of every cultivar.

[SPA] Se realizó una secuenciación de transcriptoma para analizar los genes implicados en la formación de aromas expresados durante la maduración y para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que diferencian una línea casi isogénica (NIL) SC10-2 de melón y su parental Piel de Sapo (PS). El gen CmLOX18 (similar a la lipoxigenasa 4) se expresó diferencialmente comparando la NIL SC10-2 y PS y se asoció a la producción de hexanal, un compuesto diana e indicador del proceso de maduración no climatérica. La expresión del gen de la CmACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1) implicado en la biosíntesis de etileno no manifestó diferencias durante la maduración. La introgresión en LG X estuvo asociada a la diferente producción de hexanal entre la NIL y PS. Se propone un eQTL en el LG X que controla la producción de aromas del gen CmLOX18 localizado en LG I. [ENG] Transcriptome sequencing was performed in order to analyze the genes associated to volatile synthesis expressed during ripening and to understand the molecular mechanisms that differentiate a melon Near-isogenic Line (NIL) SC10-2 and its parental Piel de Sapo (PS). CmLOX18 gene (Similar to Lipoxygenase 18) was differentially expressed in the NIL SC10-2 compared with PS associated with the aroma volatile compound hexanal as a target compound of the non-climacteric ripening. The expression of CmACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1) gene associated with ethylene biosynthesis did not change during ripening. The introgression in LG X was associated with the differential hexanal production of the NIL and PS. An eQTL located in LG X is probably controlling the production of aroma volatiles due to CmLOX18 in LG I.

Two experiments were conducted on a commercial farm of late ‘Fortune’ mandarin trees in order to know the response of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), mainly applied during the most harmful ripening stages, on plant water relations, yield and fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage at different temperatures. Control trees were irrigated to satisfy maximum crop evapotranspiration, while RDI-1 and RDI- 2 represented a 20% and 40% reduction, respectively, in the water applied. Total yield and fruit quality at harvest were not significantly affected by either treatment. Late stage II of fruit growth was the most sensitive period to water stress, while deficit irrigation applied during flowering and stage I of fruit growth resulted in a significantly higher number of fruits per tree and an improvement in irrigation water productivity compared with the Control treatment. In both experiments, skin chroma decreased during cold storage, at the same time as titratable acidity fell. Fruit quality (titratable acidity, skin C* and ascorbic and glutamic acids) were more affected by cold storage than by differences between the RDI treatments. The use of trunk diameter fluctuation was useful for restoring the RDI irrigation to levels of the Control at the end of early stage II. From a quality point of view, any difference between treatments found at harvest tended to diminish during the subsequent shelf-life after cold storage. Quality traits (titratable acidity, ascorbic and glutamic acid) could be used as chilling biomarkers.

[SPA] La calidad del fruto de melón (Cucumis melo L.) es un criterio importante para la aceptación por parte del consumidor. El desarrollo del fruto y el proceso de maduración están vinculados a una serie de cambios bioquímicos y fisiológicos. Este trabajo compara clases de compuestos químicos del aroma del fruto de melón de una línea casi isogénica (NIL) SC7-2 durante dos campañas (S1, S2). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia de la campaña en el uso de los volátiles como potenciales biomarcadores de diferencias de textura (especialmente firmeza de la pulpa), debido a la introgresión en el melón LG VII. En la campaña S2, con mejores condiciones ambientales para el desarrollo del fruto en comparación con S1, se obtuvo un fruto con mejores atributos de calidad en general y con una firmeza de pulpa ligeramente inferior. Las diferencias entre temporadas fueron que el porcentaje de ésteres de acetato totales y otros compuestos aumentaron en S2, mientras que el porcentaje de aldehídos, alcoholes o alcanos típicos de los melones no climatéricos disminuyó. Nuestra hipótesis es que la biosíntesis de ésteres de acetato aumentó en los melones no climatéricos en mayor medida cuando las condiciones de crecimiento fueron favorables. [ENG] Fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important criterion for consumer’s acceptance. Melons development and ripening process are linked to a series of biochemical and physiological changes. This work compared aroma compound classes of a melon near-isogenic line (NIL) SC7-2 during two seasons (S1, S2). The goal of this work was tracking the seasonal influence on the volatiles as potential biomarkers of textural differences (especially flesh firmness) due to introgression in melon LG VII. S2 with a better growing conditions compared with S1 resulted in enhanced quality traits with a slightly lower flesh firmness. Differences between seasons were that the percentage of total acetate esters and other compounds increased

[SPA] En este trabajo, algunos metabolitos fenilpropanoide en plantas de chile CM334 infectadas por el nemátodo falso agallador Nacobbus aberrans fueron determinados. Las raíces fueron químicamente analizadas para su contenido de lignina y perfil de fenilpropanoides mediante un ensayo cuantitativo de lignina y HPLC-ESI/MS. El efecto in vitro de flavonoides en larvas juveniles (J2) de N. aberrans y Meloidogyne incognita también fue probado. El contenido de lignina fue similar en todos los tratamientos, excepto cuando M. incognita estuvo involucrado (P<0.05). Ácidos fenólicos (hidroxibenzoico –pHBA-, gálico, caféico, siríngico, ferúlico, vanílico y clorogénico) y el flavonoid quercetin-3-rutinósido fueron encontrados en el sistema radical. La concentración de los ácidos pHBA, ferúlico y clorogénico fue menor en las plantas inoculadas en comparación con el control (P<0.05) en cualquier tiempo de muestreo. El compuesto quercetin-3-rutinósido tuvo un efecto nematicida en larvas de N. aberrans, mientras que éste solamente tuvo un efecto nematostático en M. incognita. Estos resultados indican que N. aberrans modifica el nivel de compuestos fenilpropanoides durante la infección de chile. [ENG] In this work, some phenylpropanoid metabolites in CM334 chilli pepper plants infected by the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans were determined. Roots were chemically analyzed for their lignin content and phenylpropanoid profile by quantitative lignin assay and HPLC-ESI/MS. The in vitro effect of flavonoids on second-stage juveniles (J2) of N. aberrans and Meloidogyne incognita was also tested. The lignin content was similar in all treatments excepting when M. incognita was involved (P<0.05). Phenolic acids (Hidroxibenzoic -pHBA-, gallic, caffeic, syringic, ferulic, vanillic and chlorogenic) and the flavonoid quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were found in the root system. Concentration of pHBA, ferulic and chlorogenic acids was lower in inoculated plants than in the control (P<0.05) a

El melón tiene un origen muy impreciso, pero su origen cultivado se ha encontrado en Egipto hacia el 2400 a.C. El perfil aromático se estableció en el zumo mediante análisis, identificación y cuantificación de compuestos orgánicos volátiles extraídos mediante microextracción en fase sólida del espacio de cabeza mediante fibra tricomponentes, y posterior desorción y análisis semicuantitativo de los mismos mediante cromatografía de gases con espectrometría de masas (GC-MC). La identificación de los picos se realizó mediante una primera integración automática y posterior individualización mediante deconvolución con AMDIS32 y comparación con los espectros de la base de datos NIST11. Respecto a los resultados preliminares con Chemstation, la deconvolución facilitó la identificación de un mayor número de compuestos y mejora en general de los índices de similitud. Se identificaron un total de 172 compuestos orgánicos volátiles, de los cuales no se consideraron 33 por ser suciedad y 7 por no haber sido identificados. De estos compuestos, 132 fueron compuestos que presentaron resultados consistentes, (presentes en 5 ó más de las 7 réplicas objeto de este estudio), en su mayoría del tipo ésteres acetato, seguidos por los ésteres no acetato por ser los más abundantes, y por lo tanto compuestos con picos más esbeltos, simétricos, fáciles de identificar y con una mayor relación señal/ ruido. En tercer lugar están los aldehídos, seguidos de los alcoholes y las cetonas. Por último considerar los compuestos SDC (azufrados), seguidos de los clasificados como “otros”y en su minoría, clasificado como terpeno tenemos un único compuesto: alpha.-Farnesene. Los compuestos presentes en las 7 réplicas están reflejados en la Tabla 10. También se incluyeron en el perfil (Tabla 4) siete compuestos no identificados debido a que se confirmó que no son suciedad (tipo silano o siloxano), y aunque no se encontró el compuesto con NIST11, es posible que se pueda encontrar en el futuro con NIST14 o su

[SPA] La calidad en los melones (Cucumis melo L.) es un criterio importante para la aceptación del consumidor. Al igual que en cualquier otra fruta, el proceso de desarrollo y maduración involucra una serie de cambios bioquímicos y fisiológicos como la descomposición de la clorofila, la degradación de la pared celular (que resulta desde ablandamiento a cambios en la ultraestructura de la pulpa y del fruto entero), el aumento en el contenido de azúcares y el contenido de sólidos solubles (SSC), la biosíntesis de pigmentos, aromas y la generación de sabor, etc. El objetivo de la tesis doctoral será determinar la calidad global y perfil aromático de al menos una línea casi isogénica (NIL) de melón con diferencias en textura respecto a su parental no climatéricos (PS) para mapear QTLs asociados a la calidad especialmente aromática y textural de la fruta. Utilizando resultados de expresión génica diferencial PS-NIL y el mapa genético de melón y las secuencias previamente almacenada en el GenBank estaremos posicionando genes candidatos y relacionando esta información con el fenotipo. [ENG] Quality in melons (Cucumis melo L.) is an important criterion for consumer’s acceptance. Like any other fruit, melons development and ripening process are linked to a series of biochemical and physiological changes including chlorophyll breakdown, cell wall degradation (leading from flesh to whole fruit softening to changes in ultrastructure), increase in the sugar content and soluble solids content (SSC), pigment biosynthesis, aroma and flavour generation, etc. The goal of the PhD will be to determine global quality and aroma profile at least one near-isogenic lines (NILs) of melon with different texture than its non-climacteric parental PS in order to map QTLs associated with fruit quality and particularly aroma volatiles. Using some results of differential gene expression and the genetic map of melon and the sequences stored in GenBank some candidate genes will be suggested and linki

[SPA] El melón (Cucumis melo L.), planta modelo para la caracterización genómica y estudios de calidad. Empleada para realizar el cruzamiento de los dos cultivares de melón no climatéricos “Piel de Sapo” (PS) con el cultivar coreano “Shongwan Charmi-PI 161375”, obteniendo una población de líneas casi isogénicas (NILs), de la cual hace parte la NIL climatérica SC3-5-1 con introgresión en el grupo del ligamento III y VI empleada para estudiar la calidad a nivel de aromas, mediante la técnica de microextracción en fase sólida de espacio de cabeza (HP-SPME) acoplado al cromatógrafo de gases masas. Los grupos de aromas de tipo éster y azufrados obtenidos en la NIL en la recolección presentaron una mayor concentración total comparada con el parental PS, en las dos campañas evaluadas. Contrarío al parental PS que presento en la primera campaña mayor concentración en el grupo de aldehídos. Las diferencias en grupos de compuestos aromáticos observadas se asociaron al genotipo y en menor medida a las diferentes condiciones ambientales del cultivo en cada una de las campañas. [ENG] The melon (Cucumis melo L.), is a model plant for genomics characterization and quality studies. Two melon cultivars were used for breeding of cultivars of non-climacteric melon ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS) with Korean cultivar ‘Shongwan Charmi-PI 161375’ obtaining a population of nearly isogenic line (NILs), which is part of the NIL climacteric SC3-5-1 with introgressions linkage groups III and VI. In this study, the quality characteristics of the aroma volatiles were identified using headspace solid phase microextraction (HP-SPME) coupled Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The groups of esters and sulfurs type volatiles obtained for NIL SC3-5-1 shown a higher total concentration as compared with the parental PS in the two seasons evaluated while for PS presented higher concentration values of aldehydes. The main differences in groups of aromatic compounds were associated with the genotype and to

[SPA] La línea endogámica de chile Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334I es resistente a Phytophthora capsici Leonian, pero Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, 1944 podría romper su resistencia en plantas previamente infectadas por el nemátodo. Éste fenómeno es conocido como “ruptura de la resistencia”. La resistencia de las plantas de chile CM334 ha sido asociada con la ruta de los fenilpropanoides. Tanto los ácidos fenólicos como los flavonoides son metabolitos sintetizados a través de esa ruta metabólica y juegan importantes funciones en la interacción planta-patógeno. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral será determinar qué cambios son inducidos por N. aberrans en la ruta fenilpropanoide que podrían convertir al tejido resistente en un substrato favorable para el establecimiento de P. capscici. Los cambios inducidos por N. aberrans en la actividad de la L-fenil alanina amonio liasa, el contenido total de fenoles solubles totales, el establecimiento de un perfil y la caracterización de ácidos fenólicos solubles y flavonoides, el efecto tóxico de los flavonoides de la raíz en nemátodos y el contenido de lignina en plantas de chile CM334 podrían ser asociados a esta ruptura de la resistencia a P. capscici en chile CM334. [ENG] The inbred chilli line Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334) is resistant to Phytophthora capsici Leonian, but Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, 1944 could break down resistance of plants previously infected by this nematode. This phenomenon is known as “resistance breakdown”. The resistance of CM334 chilli pepper plant has been associated to the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both phenolic acids and flavonoids metabolites are synthesized in this metabolic pathway and play an important role in the plant-pathogen interaction. The goal of this PhD project will be to determine which changes are induced by N. aberrans in the phenylperopanoid pathway that could turn the resistant plant tissues into a favourable sub-stratum for the establishment of P. capscici. Change