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Neuromarketing provides insights into consumers' decision-making that traditional marketing test methods cannot offer. The foundation in the process of decision-making is P300. Thus, the P300 wave is a potential Event-Related Component (ERP) used to measure consumers' decision-making process. The P300 wave represents a positive transition in human event-related potential. Therefore, the P300 is determined by measuring the amplitude and latency of the consumers. A higher P300 amplitude indicates greater confidence in the decision-making process, while a longer P300 latency indicates lower attentiveness. Thus, P300 in neuroscience, which investigates customers' responses in-depth, cannot be accomplished by typical marketing methods. For many years, P300 components such as attitudes, preferences, and information-based decision-making have been examined extensively in marketing-related research. However, a review of an ERP in neuromarketing method is fewer reported. This mini review describes some analysis on P300 and decision-making by several researchers.

This study explores the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between service recovery dimensions namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice on recovery...

Neuromarketing has become a central marketing issue in the new global economy. The term neuromarketing is a combination of neuroscience and marketing. This new concept provides new insights and powerful techniques in marketing research, especially on consumer analysis. The central concept of neuromarketing is strongly related to brain activities, understanding the consumers' subconscious mind, explaining consumers' preferences, motivations, and expectations, and predicting consumers' behavior. Neuromarketing is not to replace traditional marketing methods, but rather to provide unique and complementary insights. This paper focuses on the growing field of neuromarketing and aims to explain the fundamental concepts of neuromarketing to ensure that its unexplored practical usefulness can positively contribute to the field of marketing. Therefore, this review will help researchers to develop effective approaches further, to provide better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of scientific methods to understand how consumers respond to marketing campaigns.

Project success requires organisations and project managers to change strategies to satisfy stakeholders. Research into project success needs comprehensive analysis and approaches in various contexts, especially touching on non-technical skills (personality). This study aims to focus on examining the association of Project Manager Personality Traits (PMPTs) to the success of Small Public Construction Projects (SPCPs) and moderated by working experience. A survey was carried out to collect data using a structured Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Project Success Achieved Instrument (PSAI) questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used on a sample of 137 respondents for hypotheses testing and moderation effect analysis. Results show that PMPTs had a positive impact on the success of SPCPs. Conscientiousness (CT) and Agreeableness (AG) traits influence were more prominent when compared with other traits. While working experience does not moderate the relationship between PMPTs and the success of SPCPs. This study reflected the theoretical research of personality traits and their impact on the construction management industry. There have been limited studies of project success in the relationship with the BFI in the past, especially in the SPCPs context. The present study provides a basis for researchers interested in this area to examine further the use of BFI and PSAI as resources in other industries. Practically these findings may enable government or authorities to better align and suit project managers and their assigned project-based levels, where project managers are located in ministries overseeing small-scale projects. This study contributes theoretically to SPCPs literature by offering insights into project manager personality affecting project success and focus on selected agency in Malaysia.

In the 21st century, the growth of environmentally friendly products caught attention primarily from both consumers and companies. One of the most interesting trends is consumers’ growing environmental conscience and social impacts of the products they buy. The preference for green products is clearly increasing. Consumers want to act green, but they expect businesses to lead the way. However, many companies experienced problems to understand the consumers’ decision-making process. Consumers are equally confused when they do not quite understand how to act on their greener impulses. Many attempts to label green products are meaningless at best and mystifying at worst. In other words, companies must move customers through the entire purchasing process—from being aware of eco-friendly products to consider their pros and cons, to paying for the products. Due to this issue, a significant advancement of neuroscience has resulted in the emergence of neuromarketing, which provides a better understanding of how subconscious minds react in everyday situations, especially in marketing activities. This new concept brings powerful insights and techniques into marketing research, especially on consumers’ behaviour analysis. In this view, this study looks at the growing field of neuromarketing and aims to explore consumers’ subconscious minds by examining the effectiveness of the marketing mix on consumers’ decision-making process. This study employed Event-related Potential (ERP) and Eye Tracking (ET) to examine consumers’ subconscious minds towards the main component of the marketing mix during the decision-making process. A laboratory experiment employed twenty-two volunteers to take part in the study. The results revealed that price and promotion elements are the key attributes which consumers consider in purchasing a green product. Thus, neuromarketing can reconfigure and improve conventional theories of marketing. This evidence offers a new marketing opportunity for marketers to improvise their marketing strategy and thus, increase their sales growth.

Technological advancements in eye-tracking have enabled the development of interactive experimental setups for studying consumer behaviour. A common method for examining gaze data is Area of Interest (AOI). Therefore, this study fully utilised eye-tracking tools to measure participants' allocation of visual attention to the marketing mix elements in green and non-green products. This is because the product, price, place, and promotion are still the most crucial factors that customers consider when purchasing. The primary objective of this study is to discover and understand the primary marketing function that directly influences customer decision-making from a neuromarketing perspective. Their eye movements were simultaneously registered using SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 Wireless, and the gaze locations of participants were measured from AOI. The findings of this study have a significant impact on the importance of eye movements in decision-making, particularly when choosing important marketing elements before purchasing green and non-green products.

Tannase (Tannin Acyl Hydrolase EC 3.1.1.20) is an industrial inducible enzyme capable of hydrolyzing hydrolyzable tannin ester linkage gallotannin and ellagitannin, producing gallic acid and glucose. Tannase is extensively used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetics, textile, leather, food, feed, and beverage industries. In the beverage industry, tannase is used as a clarifying agent to clarify tannin present in coffee, coffee-flavored soft drinks, tea, and fruit juices by removing phenolic compounds. In the pharmaceutical industry, tannase is used to produce gallic acid, an intermediary compound in the production of antibacterial drug, trimethoprim, while in the food industry, tannase is used to synthesize crucial antioxidant food preservative propyl gallate (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate). Most of the tannase production utilizes bacteria such as Bacillus sp. as tannase producer under submerged fermentation, SmF. Despite the immense industrial potential of tannase, it has not fully been exploited due to lack of knowledge, and fewer studies reported filamentous fungi for tannase production. This study aimed to screen potential tannase-producing fungi from various agri-industrial by-products such as rice by-products, spent tea, spent coffee ground, banana peels, mango peels, desiccated coconut residue, soybean residue, sweet potato peels, and onions. Fungal isolate, J1 ( Aspergillus niger ) was identified as the efficient tannase-producing fungus due to the hydrolytic zone's largest diameter (60.7 ± 0.6) mm. It achieved high tannase activity with (6.86 ± 0.04) U/ml in submerged fermentation, SmF. In conclusion, filamentous fungi isolated from agri-industrial by-products have huge potential as an efficient tannase producer.

Despite the advancement in neuroimaging tools, studies about using neuroimaging tools to study the impact of advertising on brain regions and processes are scant and remain unclear in academic literature. In this article, we have followed a literature review methodology and a bibliometric analysis to select empirical and review papers that employed neuroimaging tools in advertising campaigns and to understand the global research trends in the neuromarketing domain. We extracted and analyzed sixty-three articles from the Web of Science database to answer our study questions. We found four common neuroimaging techniques employed in advertising research. We also found that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex play a vital role in decision-making processes. The OFC is linked to positive valence, and the lateral OFC and left dorsal anterior insula related in negative valence. In addition, the thalamus and primary visual area associated with the bottom-up attention system, whereas the top-down attention system connected to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and primary visual areas. For memory, the hippocampus is responsible for generating and processing memories. We hope that this study provides valuable insights about the main brain regions and processes of interest for advertising.

Neuromarketing is an emerging field in which academic and industry research employ neuroscience techniques to understand the consumers’ mind by explaining consumers’ preferences, motivations, and expectations. Nevertheless, some people claimed that the use of neuroscience in marketing somehow had introduced companies to a ‘buy button’ that can read the mind of potential consumers and influence their buying decisions. Plus, those that oppose neuromarketing also believe that the act of ‘reading’ consumers’ mind with the aim of improving company services is unethical and should not be used, let alone implied. However, what does actually ‘ethics in neuromarketing’ means in the first place? Moreover, how does this become an issue in the marketing field? Herein, we will articulate common ethical concerns with neuromarketing. We argue that the most frequently raised concerns- autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, privacy, benevolence, and no maleficence-given the current capabilities for business to stay vigilant. However, we identify how potentially serious ethical issues may emerge from neuromarketing practices in the industry, which are primarily exclusive. We identify approaches that business can use and reduce the threats to consumers. We conclude that neuromarketing has clear potential for business to stay vigilant and mitigate the positive impact on society.

The objectives of this study were to identify and determine the antimicrobial activity of the indigenous microbes isolated from local fermented vegetables. Ninety nine isolates were obtained from fifteen samples of local fermented vegetables including jeruk lobak putih (pickled radish), jeruk lobak (pickled carrot), jeruk petai (pickled bitter bean), jeruk sawi sie park choy (pickled mustard), jeruk rebung (pickled bamboo shoot), jeruk maman (pickled maman), jeruk bawang putih (pickled garlic) and jeruk kobis (pickled cabbage). The antagonistic act of the isolates was assayed using well diffusion assay against five common pathogens namely, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogens, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty three isolates showed inhibitory zones in the range of 10-18 mm under well diffusion assay. B. cereus was inhibited predominantly by the isolates (62 isolates) followed by L...monocytogens (58 isolates), E.coli (57 isolates), S.typhi (51 isolates) and S.aureus (44 isolates). A total of 19 potential isolates exhibited strong antimicrobial activity (≥10 mm) and inhibited more than two types of pathogens were selected and identified by16sRNA sequencing. Lactobacillus plantarum genera, dominates the local fermented vegetable product with 14 isolates followed by Lactobacillus brevis (3 isolates) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (2 isolates). It was acknowledge that fermented vegetable are high in salt and strongly acidic however some lactic acid bacteria are capable to withstand such growth conditions and showed antagonistic activity towards pathogens. This is a positive remark that these strains are promising candidates for development of a starter culture and to further study their potential as probiotics.