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This research aims to determine the influence of Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing on Purchasing Decisions at the Konde Mart minimarket, sample of 100 respondents. This research uses quantitative with an Pengaruh Periklanan, Promosi Penjualan, Penjualan Personal, Hubungan Masyarakat dan Pemasaran Langsung Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Minimarket: Studi Kasus Konde Mart online questionnaire via Google Form. This research was conducted using multiple linear analysis methods and tested using SPSS Version 25. The test results showed that the advertising variable (X1) had a positive and insignificant effect on purchasing decisions, the Sales Promotion variable (X2) had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, the Personal Sales variable (X3) had a positive and insignificant effect on purchasing decisions, variable Public Relations (X4) has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, the Direct Marketing variable (X5) does not have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the advertisement Intolerance Is Still There (2021) from a narrative point of view, using Genette’s (1972) theory of focalization and ocularization, revised by Jost and Gaudreault (1995), is proposed as a basis for the study of the campaign Héroes de Hoy (2020-current). The results show that the discursive tactics are based on the narration of real historical and contemporary events, the activity of the characters, and the equidistant placement of the audience in a zone of contemplation, awareness, and prosociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no legal regulation that prevents the professional performance of advertising activity if you do not have a university degree in Advertising and Public Relations. The intrusiveness in this area is linked to the need to have the necessary training and preparation and therein lies the usefulness of the current university degree: it will be more or less valuable to the extent that it provides the training required to adequately perform the profession and respond satisfactorily to the new demands generated by the profound changes in the communication sector. For this reason, it is necessary for universities to deepen their knowledge of the fickle demands in the sector and show sufficient agility to adapt their study plans. Starting from this basis, we developed a quantitative investigation through a closed questionnaire answered by a sample (n=200) of graduates in the degree of Advertising and Public Relations of the University of Alicante (Spain) with the aim of knowing their opinion on the studies of Advertising and Public Relations of the University of Alicante and its suitability to access professional practice. The research is complemented with a second exploratory sample, made up of advertising agency workers in the province, who support and point out future lines of work. The main results speak of the good image of Alicante advertising by graduates and a disparate opinion about the knowledge and skills acquired; a reality that contrasts with the vision of professionals, when they confirm that graduates in Advertising and Public Relations offer criteria and rigor to praxis. It concludes by contrasting some of these results and opening new avenues of work to influence structural aspects such as new professional roles or relationships in the local advertising ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), this study used automated linguistic and AI-enabled visual analyses to examine representations of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in text and images on 69 ACEJMC-accredited advertising and public relations (AdPR) program websites. Further, comparisons between large and non-large institutions were made. Linguistic analysis showed that approximately a fifth of the textual content included DEI-related terms, with no significant differences based on institution size. Visual analysis revealed the prominence of White women in images. Recommendations include application of AI-enabled approaches in addressing and advancing DEI in AdPR research as well as designing inclusive university websites across key CRP dimensions for potential students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to discuss the need to establish ethical standards to guide the social media influencer communication, an emerging field at the intersection of three established public communication fields: journalism, public relations, and advertising. Previous studies dedicated to the ethics of influencer communication focus on three major themes: authenticity, transparency and disclosure of sponsorship, themes that also appeared in the debates in Romania when the misconducts of some local influencers were covered by media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effectiveness of the Veterans Administration's (VA) public relations and the effectiveness of advertisements of its suicide hotline, which is called the veterans crisis line (VCL). Using the organization-public relations theory (OPR) this study examined whether known failures of VA marketing campaigns for the VCL could be related to public relations factors. This study found that the VA suffers from a negative perception with veterans, and this translated into lower support for the VCL compared to another suicide hotline. This study concludes that ineffective public relations may indeed be a factor in the reluctance of veterans in crisis to call the VCL for life saving mental health support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study set out to better understand virtual consumerism (VC) by applying natural language processing (NLP) methods for sentiment and content analyses. A total of 318 articles related to VC were identified on theguardian.com Web site and analyzed by text mining methodology. A thematic, content analysis using the Leximancer program was performed to explore VC as a concept, and its related concepts and concept associations. For the purposes of "deep-dive insights," further content and sentiment analyses were performed with MonkeyLearn and valence aware dictionary for sentiment reasoning. This triangulation in methodology enabled a comprehensive unstructured qualitative data analysis. The study identified key themes that characterize and define VC. It uncovered that, although there is predominantly positive sentiment toward VC reported in The Guardian online articles, negative sentiment also exists, presenting challenges for the industry to maneuver. The findings reveal that in the context of VC, a virtual experience is also a social experience in a virtual space, which is becoming and evolving. There are certain industries and sectors that are embracing VC, such as marketing, advertising and public relations, software development/IT, art/design, and entertainment, as well as science/technology. Some sectors and industries are experiencing challenges, such as security/law enforcement and medical, and hence display negative sentiment toward VC. Overall, this study presents a working definition of VC, a synopsis of the state of VC, and highlights areas for potential research to further our understanding of this phenomenon. It contributes to an improved understanding of VC for the industry and academia, and provides impetus for future studies focused on the emergent VC-relevant conceptual relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the skills required of commercial communication professionals. The method used was descriptive documentary content analysis and the document analysed dealt with job offers with employment contracts at ESIC Business & Marketing School for the second half of 2019. A total of 438 offers were analysed. The demand for hybrid profiles is confirmed and the prominence of digital, content, analysis, social networks, web, SEM/SEO, English C1, advanced Excel, proactivity, ability to communicate and results orientation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of women in all spheres of society has expanded exponentially throughout the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries: from nineteenth century suffragism to the entry of women into factories and public services, to modernity: when the ideas and consequences of feminism pervade popular culture and advertising and public relations firms. These have made a considerable leap from the days of pink marketing to the current moment, in which female audiences are seen as diversified as the most, while the perception of their needs and particularities is becoming more and more clear to women and scholars and professionals in the sector. In this sense, neuroscience has the potential to shed the same ray of light on this field as it does on other more minority or sectorally significant audiences. Making the full battery of considerations regarding inclusion, gender equality and emotional intelligence relevant. Not only at a social level, but also at a productive one: because the evidence we have indicates that the consideration of all these factors, when carried out in a calculated and effective way, will make communication more effective, more productive in regarding the specific objectives of Public Relations and Advertising as academic and labor disciplines. This inevitably leads to an understanding of the neurological differences between men and women, and careful planning to take advantage of these in team management and the organization of communication. The future of Public Relations lies in finding new audiences, and new and better ways to reach them. Being inevitable the integration of the same in the communication processes. For several decades now, society has detached itself from the male single market: supported by social achievements such as the entry of women into the world of work and giving them control of their own finances. After her, the gap has widened further with the progressive rupture of the bipolar gender sphere, and with the expansion of markets previously more limited by other social barriers such as age. In this article, the objective is to determine the existing relationships between public relations and the potential of neuroscience in the present context of increasing presence of women in all areas of society, communication, advertising, marketing and politics. The methodology is based on the search and consultation of scientific texts (monographs, academic articles, documentaries, among others), and descriptors related to public relations, communication strategies, the application of neuroscience and the development of the implication of the women in all these processes. A relevant research result is that the functioning of brain areas and the influence of neuroplasticity are still not known with certainty. An important fact if we take into account that attitude and gender differ even when market segmentation is carried out. It is concluded that inclusion in the area of public relations and communication is a logical consequence of the expansion of the female gender as a public: it encompasses half of the potential consumers of almost any product, and, therefore, it is essential to have with public relations teams capable of creating increasingly effective content in the task of achieving the objectives set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhetoric has a long tradition in the professional practice and in the scientificacademic researchers in Advertising. This paper presents the research that assumed as main aim to know the rhetorical knowledge of university students of Advertising and Public Relations at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid; for which a structural sample of students of the 3rd year of the Degree in Advertising and Public Relations of the mentioned University belonged to the 2017/2018 academic course was selected, whom an quantitative survey was performed. The results show a student body with little knowledge of Rhetoric who, at the same time, is aware of its shortcomings and of the close link between rhetorical activity and advertising activity. Likewise, the lack of rhetoric training is verified, which affects, mainly, specifically advertising subjects of the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to assess the level of effectiveness of KFC integrated marketing communications (IMC) mix strategy and its correlation to the marketing outcomes. The study specifically aimed to answer the following: (1) Profile of the respondents - customers and managers; (2) Assessment of the respondents on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy of KFC in terms of the following aspects: Personal Selling, Non-Personal Selling, Direct Selling, Sales Promotion, Advertising, and Public Relations; (3) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers and managers on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy; (4) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers and managers on the effectiveness of KFC IMC mix strategy when they are grouped by common profile; (5) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers on the effectiveness of KFC IMC mix strategy when they are grouped by profile; and (6) To answer whether there is a relationship between KFC IMC mix strategy and marketing outcomes. The design of this study is descriptive research which is aiming to record, describe, analyze, interpret and compare the facts, data and information gathered through survey about the IMC mix strategy of selected KFC stores in Metro Manila, questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. A total of five hundred fifteen (515) respondents had chosen using convenience sampling, consisting of customers and managers. Results showed the respondents' assessment on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy of KFC, the most effective among the elements is public relations while the least is sales promotion, over-all the IMC mix strategy of KFC is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the skills required of commercial communication professionals. The method used was descriptive documentary content analysis and the document analysed dealt with job offers with employment contracts at ESIC Business & Marketing School for the second half of 2019. A total of 438 offers were analysed. The demand for hybrid profiles is confirmed and the prominence of digital, content, analysis, social networks, web, SEM/SEO, English C1, advanced Excel, proactivity, ability to communicate and results orientation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized and changing world, the development of the creative thinking is essential. This research analyses the performance and creative skills of the students who attend to the Degree in Public Relations and Advertising of Vigo University through the implementation of a programme to empower creativity. The methodology is quantitative and descriptive and the results are shown in four exercises which have been developed from the point of view of gamification. The findings underscore the positive effects of these kinds of dinamics in the development of the creative thinking and the needs to improve certain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late incorporation of Spain into the international circuit for the publication of results of scientific research in Communication has not proved to be an obstacle to reaching a level similar to international research in this discipline recently. However, this development is still subject to some obstacles. In this study, we carried out co-word and cocitation analyses of the intellectual and thematic structure of articles published by researchers affiliated with Spanish centers in journals indexed in the Communication category in Scopus and published between 1980 and 2020 (n = 7,422). This enables an analysis of the intellectual and thematic structure of Communication studies between 1980 and 2020 and its evolution. The aim is to contextualize this process, in a broad sense, thus establishing the similarities to and differences from European (n = 33,615) and Latin American (n = 5,160) Communication research during the same period. The results reveal a homogenization of the research interests between Spanish academics and their European counterparts during the last decade, with an emphasis on digital technologies and social networks. The first prominent studies in Spanish research have also appeared, albeit not yet becoming established as such on the international stage during the last decade. It is concluded that Spanish Communication research has developed around Journalism while the other classic disciplines (Audiovisual Communication, and Advertising and Public Relations) have not managed to consolidate a coherent and cohesive thematic and intellectual community to date, mainly due to their greater heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty years after the introduction of Communication studies into Spanish universities, this article presents the results of a descriptive investigation of on-campus university education in Advertising and Public Relations in Spain, with the dual aim of gaining an understanding of how it is formally, and what and how it is taught. A total of 1,815 teaching guides amounting to 10,224 ECTS credits were compiled for the 41 degree courses taught in 38 training centers. The data collected in coding sheets were statistically analyzed and grouped into 57 variables. The results highlight the majority of private initiatives in university education in this area, and the scarce internationalization with only token use of English in teaching. We observe a significant relative presence of cross-cutting content between Communication and other areas, as well as a clear predominance of Advertising training over Public Relations. The most relevant specialized areas are creativity, and advertising and digital marketing. In teaching, a greater weight of practical activities is observed compared with traditional theoretical or master classes. The evaluation of students is also more based on practical work rather than written tests or examinations on theoretical knowledge. These latter aspects confirm the footprint left by the Bologna Plan and the regulations it drove, although the methodological renovation it advocated has yet to be fully achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication studies in Spain have now become consolidated based on their evolution over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of Spanish higher education in Communication. To this end, an analysis is carried out of the structure and composition of the undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (master and PhD studies) in Communication at public and private universities in Spain, paying special attention to the centers that host these studies, the people who contribute to their operation, and their offerings and distribution. Using a descriptive methodology and the content analysis technique, an analysis form is applied to the universities composing the system of Communication studies in Spain, based on their offerings and the information available and accessible on their institutional websites. The results reveal the difficulty of accessing such data and the lack of common criteria (or compliance) for presenting such information on official websites. The results reveal a greater offering at the national level but a wide dispersion of the higher education offering in terms of type, location, type of university, and territorial distribution. We also highlight the gender gap in terms of faculty leadership as well as among teaching staff. We emphasize the phenomenon of double or combined degrees, especially at private universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per principles outlined in the Belmont Report, research involving human subjects should minimize risks to participants and maximize benefits to participants and society. Recruitment of participants should be equitable. Once enrolled, participants have the right to withdraw at any point. Researchers must balance these principles with pressures to meet enrollment goals and, in the context of repeated‐measures designs, retain participants across time. The purpose of this perspective is to describe the approach and corresponding activities for recruiting and retaining underrepresented and vulnerable populations that are the focus of a transdisciplinary academic research center. To this effort, we offer diverse disciplinary backgrounds, experience working with a wide range of populations (from infants to older adults and across multiple health conditions), and spanning a variety of research designs. Effective strategies offered include partnering with community entities, approaching potential participants where they are and at a time of readiness, using population‐appropriate modes of communication and data collection, conducting study activities in familiar settings and at convenient times, maintaining frequent contact, and offering meaningful incentives. These strategies are consistent with population‐specific reports found in the extant literature and underscore their cross‐cutting nature, with adaptations based on participant and community partner needs and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to carry out an investigation about the development of the creative competence during the formation on the university degree of Advertising and Public Relations. Specifically, it seeks to find out if the study and promotion of creativity is adapted to the demands of the professional advertising sector. A triple-approach methodology was carried out based on an analysis of the content of the study plans, a questionnaire for graduate students and a panel of experts made up of academics belonging to the degree of Advertising and Public Relations. The results indicate that, although the training of these graduates seems adequate in general terms, the training received on creativity seems insufficient to respond to the demands of the market. Some of the factors that explain these trends are the excessive integration of digital competences due to the renewal of the degree or the impossibility of the academics to implement creative methodologies in the classroom due to the complicated reconciliation between the professional and academic demands they are subjected to. That is why a transformation of the university study plans of the Degree in Advertising and Public Relations is recommended to meet the labor demands related to the exercise of advertising creativity in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the entry into force of the European Higher Education Area, creativity has been considered a transversal competence in most university degrees, especially in Communication. The aim of this article is identifying the approach to creativity in all the subjects taught in the Audiovisual Communication and Advertising and Public Relations degrees in Spanish public universities. Thus, have been carried out a contents analysis focused on teaching guides of the curricula, a questionnaire to teachers of these degrees and an experts panel from the professional sector, who have reflected on the training and creative skills of the new graduates. The outcomes indicate that, despite being considered a transversal and necessary quality for new professionals, creativity is not treated as such in the teaching guides. Although some of them contain terms related to this ability, in the rest of the programmes it is hardly present. This corroborates the gap between the needs of the professional sector and undergraduate university training, as young graduates show significant deficiencies in terms of creative capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies use marketing public relations to support the marketing department or product promotion and image-making. The discipline of public relations usually used to be of secondary importance in marketing communication activities for ages. Marketing public relations could affect public awareness at a fraction of the cost of advertising and is often much more credible. Public relations are intended to positively influence development in society by aligning one's own interests with those of the public. Public relations objectives in politics focus on building image, securing market share, or increasing consumer (voter) conviction. Political parties should inform the public of their activities based on truthfulness and without any distortion. The paper aims to theoretically summarize public relations and differences between public relations and advertising and an analysis of the impact of public relations and public relations tools on the change of voting behavior and decision-making of Slovak consumers (voters). The empirical study was carried out based on a research of 362 in Slovakia consumers (voters). The primary information was the actual collection. The sample consisted of 362 respondents. The obtained primary data were processed in the statistical program. The method Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to confirm or reject the stated hypothesis. The subject of the research were consumers living in the region of eastern Slovakia. The obtained results showed statistically significant differences in the perception of tools and public relations methods depending on respondents' education. The findings could be beneficial for several target groups, namely marketing managers in the political field, political parties, political candidates, not only in Eastern Slovakia but within the framework of whole Slovakia. At the same time, they could serve as a source of information and as a basis for deciding and establishing the right tools of public relations in promoting political parties and political candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, scientific studies at academic level in public relations and advertising are carried out in universities, and the results of the studies are evaluated by academicians and the researchers gains some titles. After graduation, someone becomes a scientist by studying Master of Science in the same field or certain fields and gains the highest level of academic title by studying for doctorate. At this point, theses in the public relations and advertising areas produced under institutes are written to give new perspectives and indicate scientific and tangible facts. The purpose of this study is to determine the main subjects in graduate theses written in public relations and advertising areas. The reason for the study is that there is no comprehensive and comparative study on theses in the fields of public relations and advertising in literature in Turkey. In the study, the bibliometric characteristics of the theses of public relations and advertising studies on www.tez.yok.gov.tr are analyzed. The sample size of this study includes 504 approved graduate theses published between the years 2007 and 2017 in these fields. As a result, it is seen that most of the theses in public relations were written on the subjects such as public relations, public relations discipline, public relations education, etc. The least number of theses were found to be written on the subjects such as business, international business and SME. In the field of advertising, it can be said that most of the theses were written on the subjects such as advertising tools, advertising control, advertising evaluation, etc. The least number of theses in advertising were found to be written on the subjects including brand, product and property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have focused on the impact of the main communication tools on political performance. However, little academic attention has been given to examine the influence of each communication strategy on voters as "consumers." The researcher aims to test the relationship between each of the four main communication tools (i.e. public relations, media, advertising, and social media) and political performance, and the relationship of each of the aforementioned communication tools with the "offering" of political products that focus on voters. A survey of U.S. politicians indicates that public relations, media, and social media have a significant positive effect on political performance; public relations and social media also have a significant positive impact on the "offering" of products that focus on voters. In turn, the results show a significant positive relationship between political performance and the "offering" of political products that focus on voters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a theoretical-practical approach to the reverse product placement advertising tool as a developer element of public relations. We have proposed an exploratory-descriptive methodology divided into phases. The first consists of a bibliographic exploration. Next, the case of the Rick's Café restaurant in Casablanca has been taken as a sample. For her study we have interviewed Kathy Kriger, founder of the project. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the case is carried out considering the results of the previous phases. As a result, we obtain an investigation that conceptualizes the application of this tool in the current advertising market attending to all its dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to monitor and analyze advertising reality in the Egyptian media, by identifying features and characteristics that may be characterized by advertising in the media under study. This study is considered a type of descriptive and explanatory research and studies, and the researcher relied on survey and comparative methodologies, and he used a content analysis form to collect data. Thus, the study concluded that: 1- Control of the Egyptian source over advertisements of the media under study. 2- Commercial ads came first, then public service ads, then public relations ads. 3- The most advertised goods: books and newspapers, petroleum products, electrical tools and sets, building and construction materials, food products, and agricultural products. The most advertised services are: taxes, banking and banking services, real estate services, maintenance and restoration. As for the ideas, most of them were about donating to hospitals, and donating to charity. 4- Among the most important goals of the advertisements: informational, guiding… etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative study investigates linkages between integrative learning experiences provided by student-run firms and fostering professional self-efficacy or the confidence to do one's job effectively and efficiently. Based on a survey of 182 students involved in student-run agencies, this research measured students' professional self-efficacy (confidence) in being able to perform 23 communication tasks. It also measures attribution respondents award to their student-run agency experiences in attaining that confidence. The study suggests changes to pedagogy and provides evidence for the effectiveness of student-run firms in preparing graduates for responsibilities in the professions of advertising, public relations, integrated communication, and strategic communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first milestones of the history of Public Relations in Spain are listed in order to understand its evolution and current essence and definition. We analyzed the persuasive communication techniques historically used that could already be branded as such (advertising, propaganda, protocol, publicity ...) when the current concept of Public Relations was still lacking. This article presents a conception of Public Relations based on its most persuasive purpose: that of directing Public Opinion. We do not forget the other great current that focuses on the necessary generation of sympathy and understanding between the issuer and the receiving public. Thus, Public Relations are the union of various elements that make up its conceptual and scientific base: Marketing, Prospective, Advertising, Propaganda, Publicity, Sponsorship, Patronage, Corporate Communication, Internal Communication, Public Affairs, Protocol and Lobbying. There are two great influences in the gestation of Public Relations: Advertising (called scientific, educational, social, prestigious...) and Propaganda (commercial, collective...), so we focus on its founding fathers, the teachers and theorists Pedro Prat Gaballí from Advertising, and Francisco García Ruescas from Propaganda. Finally we will review from the fields of associationism, legislation and academics the great moments for the advancement of Spanish Public Relations, since our purpose is also to create a chronology as complete as possible that serves as the basis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training in competency-based learning model that the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) established is focused on university education to adapt to the needs of the occupational market. This article examines the creative and strategic skills between competencies and profiles proposed by ANECA (2005) for Degrees in Communication in Spain. In a second phase, a review of the subjects related to the creative strategy within curricula of degrees in Communication is made, from a sample of 125 degrees and 202 subjects. The results demonstrate the limited presence of the creative strategy in the curricula in Communication, being the Degrees in Advertising and Public Relations where it more frequently appears, as well as the lack of consensus in the appellation of the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to monitor and analyze role of public relations in framework of the integrated marketing communications system, based on the scientific literature concerned in this regard. It is a descriptive study, and it uses the (documentary) survey method. Thus, the paper concluded that: Multiplicity of activities, jobs and roles that marketing public relations seek to achieve, such as; exploiting marketing opportunities, achieving competitive advantage, creating personal relationships with customers, supporting marketing efforts, reinforcing product image, raising the level of publics' awareness, identifying and promoting new products, raising awareness of branding, providing credibility, and reaching influencers in the purchasing process. There are three opinions or views on relationship between public relations and integrated marketing communications; the first opinion states that there is no relationship or link between them, and the second opinion indicates an integrated relationship, while the third opinion sees that there is a dependency relationship, public relations follows marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, there have been numerous cases around the world in which parents have used digital media to orchestrate public opposition to doctors' recommendations. Parents are not always "successful" with such efforts; these cases have mixed outcomes and, sometimes, unintended consequences for parents. In this article, we address the current lack of understanding of parents' goals, motivations, and rationalizations in initiating such campaigns. We analyze 12 cases in which parental digital media campaigns went viral that occurred between 2007 and 2018, with the aim of better understanding parents' motivations for going public. We identify 7 themes raised by parent-initiated digital media campaigns: (1) changing doctors' minds, (2) being heard, (3) feeling empowered, (4) buying more time, (5) raising public awareness, (6) feeling that they have done everything possible, and (7) financial gain. Greater attunement to these themes and what is driving parents in such conflicts may help to disrupt the highly adversarial narrative surrounding such cases. It may also inform how clinicians approach disagreements that cross a certain threshold of public interest at the bedside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1957 Defence White Paper is widely regarded as a milestone in British military history, not least because it heralded the end of post-war conscription or National Service. The impact of the paper on the higher aspects of Britain's defence policy, and on the nation's place in Europe and the wider world, has been well documented. Yet little is known about how the armed forces responded to the reforms with a series of large-scale military recruitment campaigns to boost their annual intake of volunteers. The gradual phasing out of conscription placed new pressures on the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and this article explores how they sought to manage the transition from a partly conscripted to an all-professional system in 1957–63. Exploring a range of promotion carried in newspapers, films, newsreels, and broadcast media, it shows how recruiters drew on prevailing ideas of youth, modernity and affluence to try to entice a new generation of volunteers to the military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on aggregate internship data from an accredited Midwestern mass communications school to illustrate how feedback loops inform curricula and assessment according to standards of the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications (ACEJMC). A sample survey instrument is shared with data directly related to ACEJMC values and competencies. Final recommendations are made to help accredited programs earn compliance in assessment by using direct and indirect measures from internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how advertising is used by real estate companies as an instrument for managing the adverse effects of a catastrophe.Design/methodology/approach Through a theoretical analysis, types of post-disaster advertising messages were identified. On the basis of the likely variations in post-disaster advertising, a content analysis was conducted of a sample of 4,150 property print advertisements to identify advertising messages related to the earthquake. Finally, the message changes in these earthquake-related advertisements were evaluated and compared with the dimension of time to explore the development of advertising strategies.Findings The authors found that 12 types of advertising messages were used by developers in response to the Wenchuan earthquake. The initial advertising strategy was mainly to manage public relations, then the strategy was to reduce or compensate for the increased earthquake risk perceptions of buyers.Practical implications The findings provide valuable references for helping enterprises adopt effective advertising messages and strategies to reduce the negative effects of disasters.Originality/value There are only a few studies on advertising campaigns, especially in the real estate industry, that have been conducted in the wake of catastrophes. This study sought to expand upon the scarce findings in this particular field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There has been widespread and growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study examines how CSR practices have changed, corresponding to the changes in social issues by tracking back to the prevalence of CSR advertising in print magazines from 1980 to 2009 when CSR had thrived. Our findings from content analyses of print CSR advertising with Time Magazine and Better Home and Garden suggest that there are significant relationships between social issues and CSR practices by year, target audiences, and industry types. With recent increasing needs for CSR practices in society, this study lays the theoretical and practical groundwork for strategic CSR communication by documenting historical data on CSR advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]