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A review of the book "Letters and Papers From Prison," part of the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Works English Edition series, by Dietrich Bonhoeffer, edited by Christian Gremmels and John W. de Gruchy, is presented.

A review of the book "Dietrich Bonhoeffer's 'Letters and Papers From Prison': A Biography," part of the Lives of Great Religious Books Series, by Martin E. Marty, is presented.

The article reviews the book "Paper Memory: A Sixteenth-Century Townsman Writes His World," by Matthew Lundin.

Purpose: This research aims to conduct, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic review of the implementation of Industry 4.0 in BRICS. This review facilitates the identification of main factors that affect the readiness to adopt Industry 4.0 in BRICS and the role of different agents, such as multinationals, the public sector or educative institutions. Design/methodology/approach: Key publications published from 2010 to 2019 have been analysed. A total of 61 papers have been selected from the systematic review. Findings: Three factors of convergence of BRICS to developed economies in terms of Industry 4.0 are identified: (1) the public initiatives that can also result in the attraction of talent from developed countries to BRICS; (2) the role of multinationals and (3) the implication of educational institutions. Research limitations/implications: This review has some limitations. First, some grey literature, such as reports from non-governmental organisations and front-line practitioners' reflections, were not included. Second, only research studies in English were reviewed Practical implications: The heterogeneity of BRICS amongst themselves affects the implementation of Industry 4.0 policies. Therefore, public policies should differ among countries to achieve the different readiness of companies within each country. Industry 4.0 cannot be understood as a manufacturing strategy against delocalisation, as emerging countries, such as BRICS, are also aware of the potential of automation. Originality/value: Based on a systematic review, this article shows that the strategy created by Germany to increase industrial productivity has been also introduced in BRICS countries as a critical factor to improve their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the book `The Letters of C.P.E. Bach,' translated from the German and edited by Stephen L. Clark.

Objective: To determine whether a history of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) increases risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In a retrospective multicenter study, we retrieved individual data from in-patients treated March 1 to April 15, 2020 from COVID-19 registries of three hospitals in Saxony, Germany. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA recommendations using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and bibliographies of identified papers (last search on April 11, 2020) and pooled data with those deriving from our multicenter study. Of 3762 records identified, 11 eligible observational studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in quantitative data synthesis. Risk ratios (RR) of severe COVID-19 according to history of CVD were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I2-statistics. Severity of COVID-19 according to definitions applied in included studies was the main outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for clusters of studies with equal definitions of severity. Results: Pooled analysis included data from 1906 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (43.9% females, median age ranging from 39 to 76 years). Patients with previous CVD had higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those without [RR 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.81; p < 0.0001]. This association was also observed in clusters of studies that defined severe manifestation of the disease by clinical parameters (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.71; p < 0.0001), necessity of intensive care (RR 2.79, 95% CI 1.83–4.24; p < 0.0001) and in-hospital death (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.75–2.7; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: A history of CVD might constitute an important risk factor of unfavorable clinical course of COVID-19 suggesting a need of tailored infection prevention and clinical management strategies for this population at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the book "Bonhoeffer: A Brief Overview of the Life and Writings of Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945)," part of the Theology for Life Series, by John W. Matthews, is presented.

Reviews the book 'International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987: Examples of a New Architecture,' edited by Josef P. Kleihues and Heinrich Klotz.

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper critiques several recent works on the history of the mass media in Germany by contextualizing them within the wider wave of interest in the subject since the 1990s. It highlights the limited extent to which the findings of this research on the history of mass communications have been integrated into broader structures of interpretation for the period since the middle of the nineteenth century. Although we have long had a reasonably detailed understanding of the technological, commercial and aesthetic development of the media, the works under review reflect the more recent trend towards investigating their immense social and political impact in the broadest sense. For the twentieth century in particular, the mass media played an absolutely central role in social, cultural and political life. They both reflected and helped to generate profound changes in all of these spheres, and approaching the media as an integral part of 'mainstream' history thus furnishes a powerful tool for analysing the multiple interconnections between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "Representations of Power in Medieval Germany, 800-1500," edited by Björn Weiler and Simon MacLean.

Reviews the book 'Nationalokonomie und Nationalsozialismus. Die deutsche Volkswirtschaftslehre in den dreibiger Jahren,' by Hauke Janssen.

The article reviews the book "Overcoming the Past, Determining Its Consequences and Finding Solutions for the Present," edited by M. Zaurov and K. B. Günther.

Reviews the book 'Crossing Boundaries. German and American Experiences with the Exclusion and Inclusion of Minorities,' edited by Larry Eugene Jones.

Reviews the book "Die wirtschaftlichen Wechsellagen," by Arthur Spiethoff.

Reviews the book 'Special Collections in German Libraries: Federal republic of Germany incl. Berlin (West),' compiled by Walter Gebhardt.

Phosphorus (P) availability affects the response of terrestrial ecosystems to environmental and climate change (e.g., elevated CO 2), yet the magnitude of this effect remains uncertain. This uncertainty arises mainly from a lack of quantitative understanding of the soil biological and geochemical P cycling processes, particularly the P exchange with soil mineral surfaces, which is often described by a Langmuir sorption isotherm. We first conducted a literature review on P sorption experiments and terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) using a Langmuir isotherm. We then developed a new algorithm to describe the inorganic P exchange between soil solution and soil matrix based on the double-surface Langmuir isotherm and extracted empirical equations to calculate the sorption capacity and Langmuir coefficient. We finally tested the conventional and new models of P sorption at five beech forest sites in Germany along a soil P stock gradient using the QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system) TBM. We found that the conventional (single-surface) Langmuir isotherm approach in most TBMs largely differed from P sorption experiments regarding the sorption capacities and Langmuir coefficients, and it simulated an overly low soil P-buffering capacity. Conversely, the double-surface Langmuir isotherm approach adequately reproduced the observed patterns of soil inorganic P pools. The better representation of inorganic P cycling using the double-surface Langmuir approach also improved simulated foliar N and P concentrations as well as the patterns of gross primary production and vegetation carbon across the soil P gradient. The novel model generally reduces the estimates of P limitation compared with the conventional model, particularly at the low-P site, as the model constraint of slow inorganic P exchange on plant productivity is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the paper "Jung und die Deutschen" by Arvid Erlenmeyer published in the 1992 issue of the "Analytische Psychologie" on the role of psychoanalyst Carl Jung in the emergence of psychotherapy in Germany.

A review of the book "Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy: A Righteous Gentile vs. the Third Reich," by Eric Metaxas, is presented.

Copyright of Folk Culture is the property of Lithuanian National Culture Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Evidence and recommendations for hygiene management in home mechanical ventilation (HMV) are rare. In Germany, few regionally limited studies show poor hygiene management or a lack of its implementation. This scoping review of international literature identified the evidence in hygiene management for ventilated patients in the home care setting which has to be implemented for infection prevention and control. Methods: A review of international literature was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science. The search focused on four key domains: HMV, hygiene management, home care setting, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Data of included studies were extracted using a data charting sheet. Extracted data were assigned to the categories (1) study description, (2) setting and participants, and (3) hygiene management. Results: From 1,718 reviewed articles, n = 8 studies met inclusion criteria. All included studies had a quantitative study design. The approaches were heterogeneous due to different settings, study populations and types of ventilation performed. Regarding aspects of hygiene management, most evidence was found for infectious critical activities (n = 5), quality management for hygiene (n = 4), and training and education (n = 4). This review identified research gaps concerning kitchen hygiene, relatives and visitors of HMV patients, and waste management (n = 0). Discussion: Overall evidence was rather scarce. Consequently, this review could not answer all underlying research questions. No evidence was found for measures in hygiene management relating to ventilated patients' relatives. Evidence for kitchen hygiene, waste management and interaction with relatives is available for inpatient care settings. However, this may not be transferable to outpatient care. Binding legal requirements and audits may help regulate the implementation of HMV hygiene measures. Conclusion: Infection control programmes included qualified personnel, hygiene plans, and standards for MRSA and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). The appropriateness of hygiene management measures for outpatient care is the basis for their application in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GMS German Medical Science is the property of German Medical Science Publishing House gGmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent investigations have shown a potential growth in the sales of Grapefruit Juice (GFJ). GFJ contains furanocoumarins, which are potent mechanism-based inhibitors of CYP3A4. Sildenafil, used for erectile dysfunction is metabolized by CYP3A4, so the aim of our review was to understand the interaction between the ingestion of grapefruit juice and the treatment with sildenafil. In August 2018–March 2019 we performed a search in the electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE). The search terms were 'sildenafil' AND 'grapefruit'; 'sildenafil' AND 'naringin'. We searched for studies published without temporal limits, and in English, French, or Spanish. The literature search yielded 12 publications but the review included 2 articles. Studies were published in 2001 and 2002: 1 was settled in Germany, 1 in USA. In both the studies grapefruit led to an increase of peak concentration (Cmax) of sildenafil in plasma. One author showed that grapefruit juice increased the mean oral bioavailability of sildenafil by 23%. Concluding, the important growth in grapefruit juice consumption should be carefully considered by pharmacists and health professionals. Patients undergoing a treatment with sildenafil should be educated about potential adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "Colonialism, Antisemitism, and Germans of Jewish Descent in Imperial Germany," by Christian S. Davis, part of the book series "Social History, Popular Culture, and Politics in Germany."

D E Moggridge's perhaps too exhaustive biography is examined and some questions are raised relative to Keynes' views on theory and their source, and his views on German reparations and whether Britain should have accepted the original provisions of the agreement providing for establishment of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a review essay on the book "Talcott Parsons on National Socialism," edited by Uta Gerhardt. Parsons' essays in the book are full of insights into the sociological aspects of fascist movements, the social structure of both pre-Nazi and Nazi Germany, propaganda and social control and memoranda for political and military intervention. Beyond sociologist Max Weber, a deep impact that psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud made on him can be seen in his essays. His use of psychoanalytical concepts predates the psychohistorical approach 20-30 years later and is reminiscent of sociologists Erich Fromm and Wilhelm Reich. His April 25, 1942 presidential address before the Eastern Sociological Society thoughtfully but turgidly makes theoretical connections between structural and psychological levels of society and variables of class, tradition and social access as important consequences of both. Parsons even touched on the issue of 'evil.' He was ahead of his time with regard to feminism. It was true that Parsons wrote in somewhat of a vacuum. He and the world were unaware of the full implications of evil during the Holocaust, that is, of the Final Solution. But he tried. He merits our intellectual and moral respect for that.

Reviews several books on Germany published in the United States as of January 1999. Includes `Advertisements From 1622 to 1798: The Origins and Development of a Textual Type,' by Sylvia Bendel; `Television Awards in Germany: Prizes, Prestige, Pressures,' by Heinz-Dietrich Fischer and Matthias Fley; `History of the Voice,' by Karl-Heinz Gottert.

Reviews the book "Germany: A Self-Portrait," edited by Harlan R. Crippen.

The article reviews the book "Die Wahrheit ist auf dem Feld: Eine Wissensgeschichte der deutschen Landwirtschaft," by Frank Uekötter.

The article reviews the book "Cosmopolitan Anxieties: Turkish Challenges to Citizenship and Belonging in Germany," by R.E. Mandel.

The article presents a review of the book "La mésentente apprivoisée: de Gaulle et les Allemands, 1963-1969," by Benedikt Schoenborn.

Italy (in pilot regions) and Germany (nationwide) were the first European countries to introduce universal varicella vaccination (UVV) programs. A systematic review was performed to assess varicella epidemiology before UVV programs and the impact of 1-dose and 2-dose UVV programs in Italy and Germany. Italy implemented 1- or 2-dose UVV programs successively in eight pilot regions between 2003 and 2011 and nationwide in 2017. Germany implemented 1- and 2-dose UVV programs in 2004 and 2009, respectively. While Italy had two nationwide surveillance systems in place for varicella in the pre-vaccination era, in Germany, a mandatory notification system for varicella was only introduced in the New Federal States 2 years before the 1-dose UVV implementation. Substantial reductions in moderate/severe varicella and varicella-related hospitalization incidence occurred during the 1-dose era. Further reductions were reported in Italy and Germany after the recommendation of a second dose in a long or short schedule, respectively. Different benefit-risk evaluations of a tetravalent varicella-containing vaccine (MMRV) used as a first dose led to different recommendations (MMRV versus MMR+V) in these countries. Vaccination strategies in both countries tailored to country-specific needs and goals led to a reduction in varicella-related health care hospitalization costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the book 'Modell Deutschland--Modell Europa. Probleme. Perspektiven,' edited by Bruno Cattero.

Reviews the book 'Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914,' by Eric A. Johnson.

Reviews the book "What I Saw: Reports From Berlin," by Joseph Roth, translated by Michael Hofmann.