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Musicians who play instruments may suffer from some musculoskeletal disorders due to intense and long working processes, wrong posture-holding, insufficient bodily awareness. Preparatory physical exercises can be used to prevent or alleviate these disorders. These are aimed at warming up, opening-stretching, strengthening the joints and muscles and maintaining the correct posture in order to prepare the body for playing. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the pre-service music teacher candidates' physical exercises for instrument practice. A qualitative method was used in the research; a semi-structured interview form was applied to the study group. In the analysis of the data, the thematic analysis technique was used. As a result of the analysis, 4 main themes including "exercise experience", "breath awareness", "physical pains" and "effects of exercise" and 9 sub themes and 49 codes depending on these themes were revealed. As a result of the research, it was concluded that music teacher candidates did not do regular exercise work for instrument study, they experienced physical pain due to instrument study, their breath awareness was not at a sufficient level, and exercise had physical and psychological effects on instrument performance. In addition to medical treatments for musician injuries related to instrument playing, physical awareness and exercise training that prevent these disorders play an extremely important role. In instrument education, besides technical and musical concepts, it is necessary to research and apply ways to bring physical awareness to students. [Paper presented at the International Conference on New Horizons in Education (INTE) (July 28-29, 2022).]

In order to monitor training effects and physical developments in elite sports, it may be beneficial to perform anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests regularly. In this study, the relationship between the anthropometric properties and physical fitness values of elite figure skating athletes were investigated. 21 elite athletes in the 11-16 age group, female (n=12) and male (n=9), participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken in accordance with The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. [sigma]6 and [sigma]8 skinfold thickness, body fat ratio (BF%), body mass index (BMI), Manouvrier Index (MI), waist/hip ratio and somatotype components in girls Group II, III and in boys Group II were calculated. Also, balance, flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump, agility, medicine ball overhead back throw, speed, and endurance tests were applied to all groups. Descriptive statistical analyzes were made using the IBM SPSS 25.0 statistics program. The relationship between variables was calculated by the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The significance level was taken as p<0.01 and p<0.05. In boys, body weight, body height and arm span, sitting height, BMI, humerus breadth and foot length were observed to be associated with all physical fitness parameters (p<0.01, p<0.05), except balance and agility; Girth measurements were related to handgrip strength, vertical jump, overhead medicine ball backward throw, speed and endurance (p<0.01, p<0.05). Negative relationships of the endomorphic feature with flexibility and endurance were determined (p<0.05). In girls, it was found that body weight, body height, and arm span, sitting height and BMI were related to flexibility, handgrip strength, medicine ball overhead back throw (p<0.01, p<0.05); girth measurements were found to be related to flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump, overhead medicine ball back throw (p<0.01, p<0.05); also, significant correlations (p<0.01, p<0.05) were found between the handgrip strength and breadth measurements. Assessment of the relationship between morphological features and motor skills with specific field tests and standardized tests performed at regular intervals in athletes can contribute to the athletes' selection and training planning of the relevant federations and orientating towards their goals.

The core area is made up of muscles, which surrounds the human body like a corset and acts in the stabilization of the body. Core stabilization training can strengthen muscles in this area and provide better stabilization. The purpose of this study is; investigate of the effect of 8-weeks core stabilization training on the FMS (Functional Movement Screen) test scores of 12-14 age group male basketballs. 27 healthy athletes (Experiment Group n=14, 13.14±0.663 ages -- Control Group n=13, 13.15±0.801 ages) participated in the study. The experimental group was given 8 weeks to core stabilization training. Before the training, the Functional Movement Screen test was applied to the Pre-post test and the scores were evaluated. Statistical analysis SPSS 22 software package was performed taking into account the confidence parameter (p <0.05). Median and IQR values were used in the descriptive statistics because the data were not normally distributed. Statistical significance was analyzed between FMS (Functional Movement Screen) pre-post test scores according to the analysis results. There was no significant difference (r:0.59; p<0.05) in the pre-post FMS values for the Control Group. When the FMS values were compared for the Experimental Group, a significant difference was found (r:0.42; p<0.05). This study has achieved the result that FMS developed the movement patterns and the performance of the performance athletes increased the quality of the functional movements. Results that are more accurate can be achieved with a study conducted with a larger sample group. [Paper presented at the International Sport Sciences Congress (15th, Antalya, Turkey, November 15-18).]

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the biomotor capacities of boys doing table tennis trainings are affected. A total of 40 students, as randomly selected 20 test groups and 20 control groups at an age range of 10-12 participated in the research. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0 statistical package program. Mann Whitney "U" Test was used in comparison of two variable groups, and the result being p<0.05 was considered significant when examined statistically. In pre-test and final-test comparisons of the subjects, it was detected that the statistical differences between flexibility, vertical jump, standing long jump, 30 m sprint, anaerobic strength, maximal oxygen capacity (MaxVO2) right and left hand grip strength, visual and audio reaction times, resting heart rate, and forced expiration volume (FEV) and FEV1 measurements were significant in favor of the test group (p <0.05), while there was no statistically significant differences between the two groups in height, body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and vital capacity (VC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values (p >0.05). At the end of this study, it was observed that table tennis trainings provided positive contributions to biomotor capacities in boys of the group aged 10-12.

The aim of this study is to measure both dynamic balance of elite martial arts athletes doing functional strength exercises on instable ground and the effects of circuit training program on their anaerobic capacities, and compare them with those following classical training program. Students studying in Faculty of Sport Sciences at Duzce University and doing martial arts (kick box and muay-thai) constituted the study group. In the study conducted in 6 weeks with 24 sessions, while experimental group (EG) included 14 individuals (age: 19.78 ± 1.36, height: 1.68 ± 0.06) control group (CG) included 14 individuals (age: 19.92 ± 2.09, height: 1.67 ± 0.07) similar to those in experimental group. While athletes in EG followed circuit training program including strength exercises on instable ground in 6 weeks with 24 sessions, those in CG followed classical training program. Pre and posttests were applied before and after 6-week training program. First of all, height, weight and bioelectric impedance method was used for body fat rate, RAST test was done to measure agility by using electronic chronometer system with two-gated photocell having measurement in the sensitivity of 0.01, y-balance test battery was used to measure dynamic balance. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18. Collected data, pretest and posttest values of study and control group was analyzed with Wilcoxon test which was in 95 reliability range an significance level was accepted as p<0.05. When statistical data was examined, it was found that study group reported significant increments than control group in terms of anaerobic capacity, minimum power output, fatigue index, average power output and dynamic balance (p<0.05), while no significant differences were found in terms of other variables. Consequently, it was observed that exercises on instable ground developed dynamic balances of athletes. It is thought that athletes use required muscle function for balance during movement in the lowest level and this retards fatigue by effecting power output positively.

This study was retrospective in design and the purpose was to review health information related to PA (physical activity) in articles of Turkish newspapers. The search covered newspaper articles printed between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 in all Turkish newspapers that are accessible via the electronic newspaper database. Four daily Turkish newspapers were identified as having regularly archived documents on Web pages. The search was limited to articles that contained the phrase "physical activity" within them and resulted in 184 published articles being identified. A total of 165 (89.7%) articles presenting health information messages related with PA were selected for content analysis in that study. General health information about PA (35.9%), weight management (21.2%) and cardiovascular (11.9%) effects of the PA were the mostly frequently given as the main content of the articles. The target population in the articles included sedentary population (27.8%), individuals having specific disease (23.9%) and overweight people (16.9%). Twenty-eight of the articles (15.2%) contained information regarding the duration and frequency of the PA for the target population. Thirty articles (16.3%) contained information suggesting general exercises for muscle strength and flexibility. In the articles, the rate of health professions or academicians cited by the journalist was 27.7% in the articles. It was concluded that between 2002 and 2004, the published articles relating to PA in the Turkish newspapers to promote the awareness of public had inadequate suggestions for promoting PA. The experts on PA, such as health professions and academicians, must be augmented and encouraged to educate and change health behaviors of the community through newspapers. (Contains 3 tables.)

This report by the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports examines the effects of various forms of physical exercise on the knee joint which, because of its vulnerability, is especially subject to injury. Discussion centers around the physical characteristics of the joint, commonly used measurements for determining knee stability, muscular and ligament strength. The deep knee bend, an exercise of highly questionable value in conditioning regimens, is criticized on the grounds that it contributes to chronic synovitis, promotes early arthritic onset, and produces gross knee instability. Exercise regimens are proposed and discussed for the treatment and prevention of knee injuries. Practical advice for the development of physical education and athletic programs justifiable from this review of knee joint exercise is given, and includes: (1) Exercises that unduly stretch or damage the ligaments of the knee should be avoided; (2) The deep knee bend should be used sparingly, if at all, in physical education and athletic conditioning, and substitutes should be developed such as bench stepping and weight training routines; (3) In performing knee bends for developing and maintaining the strength and endurance of the quadriceps muscles, a half knee bend is recommended; (4) Progressive resistance exercises of the muscles activating the knee joint should be routinely employed for the prevention of knee injuries and for the rehabilitation of the knee during postinjury or postsurgical rehabilitation. A bibliography of 37 citations is appended. (MB)

This document examines the effects of strength-development programs on the improvement of motor skills and sports competencies. Part one defines various terms used throughout the development studies. Part two discusses the mixed results of experiments involving speed of movement as the motor item indicative of strength development. Part three presents six experiments describing the effects of strength improvement on muscular power. Part four discusses two experiments testing the effect of strength training on circulatory-respiratory endurance. Part five illustrates the effects of strength improvement on various aspects of baseball, softball, swimming, football, basketball, and track. (Also included is a discussion on concentric-eccentric exercise and its effects on strength development, as well as a list of references.) (JS)