Effects of Manual Negative Accentuated Resistance on Strength and/or Muscular Endurance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of manual negative accentuated resistance on strength and/or muscular endurance. Three strength and/or muscular endurance tests were administered to male and female physical education majors enrolled in a required exercise class at the beginning and end of the semester. Push-ups, chin-ups, and dips were used because of the ease of administration. The class met three times a week for 13 weeks, and engaged in the prescribed exercise program which took about 15 minutes per class period. During that time, the students performed two sets each of three different exercises involving manual resistance. An average increase of 18.6 repetitions for push-ups was demonstrated among the men. Chins and dips for men had repetition increases of 3 and 5.4 respectively. The results for women were similar, although the base number of repetitions was different. Women showed increases of 12.9, 1.6, and 2.1 repetitions in push-ups, chins, and dips, respectively. These findings indicate that strength and/or muscular endurance can be increased significantly without the use of weight-training equipment. (PB) of 12.9, 1.6, and 2.1 repetitions in push-ups, chins, and dips respectively.