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Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of women, and in developed countries the most common of gyneco-oncological malignancies. Adequate treatment depends on the age of the patient, radiological stage of the disease, histological result of the primary biopsy at diagnosis. Postmenopausal or irregular bleeding is often an early alarming symptom of the disease; thus, it can lead to early diagnosis. Operative treatment should be performed based on the decision of a multidisciplinary tumor board with the results of final histology and operative staging postoperative tumor board can set up the adjuvant treatment plan if necessary. In advanced stage the most common therapeutic method is taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy but, molecular profile of the disease can open other immunotherapeutic opportunities, which can be continued as a maintenance therapy. In case of recurrent disease, the beside the option of chemotherapy immunotherapies could be applied as an individual therapy, after the results of its efficacy in progression-free and overall survival confirmed by multiple studies. In our article we are intending to summarize the recent advances in the treatment of the disease regarding the molecular classification and targeted treatment of endometrial cancer, having a robust impact not only on treatment strategies, but on the staging on the disease as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses updated data as of 2024 which shows that adjuvant pembrolizumab (Keytruda) extended overall survival (OS) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) at medium or high risk of recurrence. It states that the therapy improved disease-free survival (DFS) and lowered distant and local disease recurrence. Also noted are the occurrences of immune-mediated adverse events (AE) and infusion reactions among patients.

The article highlights advancements in the treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). These include nadofaragene firadenovec intravesical gene therapy, pembrolizumab systemic therapy, TAR-200 drug intravesical delivery system using gemcitabine and gemcitabine plus a PD-L1 inhibitor, combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel, and QUILT-3.032 study on the synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies.

TIME100 HealthPioneers Stretching cancer's clockMost people with bladder cancer die within a year, a fact that Thomas Powles, a urologist at Queen Mary University of London, has tried to change for more than two decades. In 2023, he tested a new drug combination: a medication that enhances the immune system's attack on bladder-cancer cells, plus an antibody targeted to those cells and a chemotherapy agent. It more than doubled the median survival of patients, to 2.5 years. "It was beyond my expectations," he says.--A.P.PHOTO (COLOR)By Alice Park; Leslie Dickstein; Sanya Mansoor; Simmone Shah and Julia Zorthian [Extracted from the article]

In the article, the author discusses updates in the treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, particularly the clinical trials showing the efficacy of treatment deintensification in the proper clinical context. Other topics include the potential benefits of deintensification like reduction of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) and the various deintensification methods like radiation therapy with omission of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

The article discusses results from an analysis of the phase three KEYNOTE-426 trial on the efficacy of a combination treatment with pembrolizumab and axitinib, compared with single agent sunitinib, in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The study evaluated overall survival, progression-free survival, overall response rate, complete response rate, partial response rare, stable disease rate in patients who received pembrolizumab/axitinib and those administered with sunitinib.

The article provides information on data presented at the American Urological Association 2023 Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois which reported that hypertension is an independent predictor of worsened oncologic and survival outcomes in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for the treatment of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). Topics include rate of high tumor grade observed in patients with hypertension and overall survival of patients with hypertension.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be highly successful against some solid metastatic malignancies, but only for a subset of patients who show durable clinical responses. The overall patient response rate is limited due to the interpatient heterogeneity. Preclinical and clinical studies have recently shown that the therapeutic responses can be improved through the modulation of gut microbiome. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this paper, we explored the effect of favorable and unfavorable gut bacteria on the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 against cancer by modeling the tumor-immune-gut microbiome interactions, and further examined the predictive markers of responders and non-responders to anti-PD-1. The dynamics of the gut bacteria was fitted to the clinical data of melanoma patients, and virtual patients data were generated based on the clinical patient survival data. Our simulation results show that low initial growth rate and low level of favorable bacteria at the initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy are predictive of non-responders, while high level of favorable bacteria at the initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy is predictive of responders. Simulation results also confirmed that it is possible to promote patients' response rate to anti-PD-1 by manipulating the gut bacteria composition of non-responders, whereby achieving long-term progression-free survival. • Patients' response rate to anti-PD-1 can be promoted by manipulating gut bacteria composition. • Low initial growth rate and low level of favorable bacteria at start of anti-PD-1 are predictive of non-responders. • High level of favorable bacteria at start of anti-PD-1 is indicative of responders to anti-PD-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates disease-free survival between propensity-matched patients with sarcoma who underwent metastasectomy and patients who received only medical management without metastasectomy. A study suggests that pulmonary metastasectomy is associated with significantly greater rates of disease-free survival (DFS) than the use of medical management alone in patients with sarcoma and lung metastases. [Extracted from the article]

A cross-sectional analysis of spending on new oral targeted cancer drugs in the USA between 2011 and 2018 has shown that, by the end of 2018, cumulative spending on drugs without documented overall survival (OS) benefit amounted to $US1.8 billion (51.6%) and exceeded cumulative spending on drugs with documented OS benefit ($1.7 billion [48.4%]). Ninety-seven percent of patients received drugs with evidence from randomised clinical trials; however, an increasing proportion of patients received drugs with no documented OS benefit: from 13% in 2011 to 59% in 2018. Cumulative spending on all of the drugs reached $3.5 billion by the end of 2018, with 97% for drugs with FDA approval based on a pivotal randomised clinical trial; however, cumulative spending on drugs with no OS benefit exceed spending on those with an OS benefit ($1.8 vs $1.7 billion, respectively). [Extracted from the article]

"This research reinforces the considerable patient benefit observed with durvalumab and supports the use of this cost-effective therapy... It also provides an informative case study on cost-effectiveness analyses in the unresectable stage III NSCLC setting from both methodological and policy perspectives", concluded the authors. A semi-Markov model populated with 4-year survival data from the phase III PACIFIC study was used to validate survival extrapolations used in the AstraZeneca base-case analysis which evaluated the cost effectiveness of durvalumab versus placebo in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Treatment with durvalumab is cost effective in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to findings of an AstraZeneca-funded study published in I PharmacoEconomics i . [Extracted from the article]

The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) has accepted six new therapies - four via the SMC's Patient and Clinician Engagement (PACE) process - for routine use on NHS Scotland. The two other accepted treatments were guselkumab [Tremfya] for psoriatic arthritis and inclisiran [Leqvio] to lowering cholesterol levels in patients at high cardiovascular risk in whom standard drug therapy was unsuccessful. [Extracted from the article]

A cost-utility analysis[1] using data from the BOSTON trial has found that once-weekly selinexor [Xpovio; Karyopharm Therapeutics] + bortezomib + dexamethasone (XVd) appears to provide benefits but at a fairly high cost, compared with twice-weekly bortezomib + dexamethasone (Vd) in previously-treated multiple myeloma from a US commercial payer perspective over a lifetime horizon. Exploratory analyses of other treatment comparators found that XVd generated greater QALY gains at a lower cost (and was therefore dominant) compared with lenalidomide/dexamethasone, pomalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone, and carfilzomib/pomalidomide/dexamethasone. Cost Effectiveness of Triplet Selinexor-Bortezomib-Dexamethasone (XVd) in Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma (MM) Based on Results from the Phase III BOSTON Trial. [Extracted from the article]

The US FDA has alerted healthcare professionals and patients about an apparently increased risk of death with melphalan flufenamide [Pepaxto] in patients with multiple myeloma. FDA alerts patients and health care professionals about clinical trial results showing an increased risk of death associated with Pepaxto (melphalan flufenamide). In the OCEAN study, a post-approval requirement, melphalan flufenamide and dexamethasone were compared with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with resistant disease. [Extracted from the article]

Bosutinib appears to be cost effective compared with both dasatinib and nilotinib for second-line (2L) treatment in US patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CP-CML), according to findings of a Pfizer-funded study published in I Applied Health Economics and Health Policy i . Cost-Effectiveness of Bosutinib for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Second-Line Setting Applied Health Economics and Health Policy: 12 Jul 2021. A partitioned survival oncology model populated with clinical trial data on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was used to evaluate the cost effective of bosutinib versus dasatinib and nilotinib in patients with CP-CML, from a US payer perspective over a lifetime time horizon. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a retrospective study of 141 patients with glioblastoma (GBM) treated at a hospital in the USA between January 2012 and December 2017, 111 patients were described who developed leukopenia or thrombocytopenia during treatment with temozolomide for the GBM [ I time to reactions onset and outcomes not stated i ]. Subsequently, the patients developed thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (59 patients), thrombocytopenia (36 patients), and leukopenia (16 patients). [Extracted from the article]

Ravulizumab [Ultomiris], also evaluated through the PACE process, was accepted as an additional therapy for patients with atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, a rare disease causing abnormal blood clotting and, ultimately, kidney failure. The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) has accepted encorafenib [Braftovi] for use in combination with cetuximab for previously-treated, metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with the BRAF V600 gene mutation via the SMC's Patient and Clinician Engagement (PACE) process, which is used for medicines for end of life and rare conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Estimated costs of single lung and double lung transplants increased by 7.7% and 8.8% between 2017 and 2020, to $929 600 and $1 295 900 per patient, respectively, in 2020. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is common after lung transplants and imposes a high economic burden in US patients, according to findings of two retrospective studies presented in abstracts at the 41st Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. "BOS after lung transplantation imposes a large economic burden on healthcare systems and patients that increases substantially in later CLAD stages. [Extracted from the article]