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The article looks at the performance of the financial indicators in the Canadian market as of November 2007. The value of the Canadian dollar appreciated by 16% in the beginning of 2007 and this was attributed to the commodity prices of oil, wheat and gold. The asset-backed commercial paper market has been affected by the sub-prime mortgage market crisis in the southern region of Canada, though the outstanding value of foreign banks has increased to C$120bn. The mergers and acquisitions value also increased during the second quarter of 2007.

Presents information on the economic and political condition in Finland. Economic forecast for 2005 to 2006; Impact of the lock-out at paper mills on the country's economic growth in 2005; Main political parties.

The outlook for the public finances has deteriorated slightly compared with the original budget for 2005. The government conducted a review of fiscal policy in March, including setting new spending limits for 2006-09. Most pay deals have followed the national norm, but the paper industry is suffering from a major dispute. A review of immigration policy is being conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the sources of capital of companies operating in Taiwan. The effect of the global financial crisis in 2008 on the financing opportunities for companies in the country is explored. The reliance of local enterprises on domestic commercial banks for medium- and long-term financing is discussed. Traditionally, local companies in Taiwan raised short-term capital through commercial paper issues, negotiable certificates of deposit, banker's acceptance and commercial loans.

Presents an update on foreign trade and payments of Finland as of January 2006. Comparison of increases in exports and imports in annual terms; Decrease in trade surplus in the 3rd quarter of 2005; Influence of paper export dispute on trade results.

Presents information on putting up foreign investments in Malaysia as of January 2006. Duty of the Companies Commission of Malaysia to oversee compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1965; Role of the Malaysian Industrial Development Authority in processing applications for foreign investment and manufacturing enterprises; Decision of the Malaysian government to prohibit foreign investments in the news media, lotteries and the printing of security paper. INSET: Holding patterns.

Provides an overview of the financial services industry in Chile. Total assets of the banking sector in November 2004; Information on short-term lending facilities offered by banks; Expansion of the commercial paper market in the country; Rates for private bond issues according to figures from the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance.

This article presents a forecast for Argentina in the period 2004 to 2007, specifically real gross domestic product growth, foreign exchange rates, interbank rate, commercial paper rate, and prices of industrial raw materials, petroleum products, food, beverages, soybeans, and feeds. High interest rates will increase the cost of servicing Argentina's external debt.

This article offers a look at regulatory and market developments in Argentina in 2006. The state's increased role in the economic is explored, as well as the country's conflict with Uruguay over the operation of two paper mills. Information is presented on a new law passed by Congress concerning bio-diesel production.

The article provides information on the trends in the various sectors of Finland. It details the growth in the forestry and pulp and paper sectors. However, output growth in the transport and communications industries slowed from 7.5 percent to 4.3 percent, and in retail trade from 8.1 percent to 5.5 percent. The clothing industry and the production of rubber and plastic products were considered the main weak spots.

Forecasts the trends in various sectors in Finland from 2006 to 2007. Paper industry; Retail trade; Durable consumer goods industry; Manufacturing industries.

The article presents a discussion about sources of capital in Italy. Financial markets are able to offer any king of service provided in other countries. Some financial instruments such as commercial paper are not allowed in the country because of regulatory barriers. Self-financing and loans from banks are sources of capital of Italian companies.

Reports on business sectors of Finland in 2004. Percentage of decline in overall production; Factors that contributed to an increase in production of services; Production rate in wood and paper industry.

The article offers a monthly review of the economic performance of the Republic of Finland for August 2008. It notes the decline in industrial productivity in June, with the wood and paper industry pegged at 9.3% and the electrical and electronic products at a 3% decline. However, conditions in the labor market continue to show positive signs, with a 1.9% year-on-year employment increase in June. Other topics discussed include the increase in inflation rates and signs of a slowdown in the housing sector.

Presents an outlook for the economic policy of Finland for 2005 to 2006. Initiatives launched by the government to increase employment in 2005; Factors that will contribute to the expected deficit of the country in 2005; Impact of the lock-out at paper mills on government revenue.

Discusses business news in United Kingdom, focusing on government presentation of a white paper on transport .

Discusses economic policy in the United Kingdom, focusing on the government's publication of a so-called White Paper on competitiveness.

This article offers an assessment of the financial risk of Chile in 2007. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) expects Chile to remain one of the few emerging countries where companies with good credit ratings have access to a range of medium- and long-term local currency borrowing options. The firm explores how simplified tax treatment led to the creation of a commercial paper market. It also analyzes the stability of the banking system.

The article focuses on the status of financial risk in Chile as of March 16, 2007. Companies in the country with good credit ratings can access medium- and long-term local currency borrowing options like syndicated bank loans with maturities of up to 10 years. A commercial paper market was established through simplified tax treatment. The country's banking system is described as well capitalized and prudently managed that it surpasses Basle capital adequacy standards. However, the country's stockmarket is still underdeveloped.

The article presents a summary of Chile's financial risk. Chilean companies with good credit ratings continue to have access to local currency borrowing options although the global credit crunch in 2008-2009 caused financial difficulties to some Chilean companies. The country's simplified tax treatment provided the creation of a commercial paper market and the elimination of taxes on crossborder intermediation allowed local banks to expand their operations in foreign trade financing.

The article discusses financial risk in Chile, which has been given a rating of 12. A commercial paper market has been developed in the country, which has been attributed to its simplified tax treatment. A conservative lending policy is practiced by banks. The stock market is seen as liquid because of a market capitalization rate of around 100% of gross domestic product (GDP).

A financial risk report for Chile, as of June 23, 2010, is presented. It cites the role of a simplified tax treatment in the country in the creation of a commercial paper market. A discussion on the impact of the global credit crunch in 2008-2009 on Chilean corporations is presented. According to the report, the global liquidity in 2003-2007 led the index of the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS) to increase by almost three times in value in U.S. dollar terms.

Forecasts foreign trade activities in Finland from 2006 to 2007. Decline in trade surplus; Growth of merchandise exports; Increase of imports of goods.

Covers issues related to the economic policy of Finland as of August 2005. Factors that will contribute to the budget deficit that will be incurred by the government in 2005 and 2006; Impact of the industrial dispute in the paper sector on the output growth in 2005; Changes in the supplementary budget for 2005.

Presents information on several industries in Canada in 2005. Plan of General Motors regarding its U.S. workforce; Percentage of North American newsprint output exported in 2004; Overview of setbacks experienced by Atomic Energy of Canada, a government agency that makes nuclear reactors.

The article focuses on the politics in Hong Kong, China. It states that the country has celebrated its 10th anniversary which commemorates the Chinese rule on July 2007 which was participated by its president Hu Jintao. Chief executive Donald Tsang has developed a green paper which focuses on the move towards constitutional reform. Ma Lik, chairman of the pro-China Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong has died on August 2007.

Forecasts the performance of the economy of Finland from 2006 to 2007. Growth of the gross domestic product; Increase in private consumption; Stability of consumer confidence.

This article presents information on the economic policy of Indonesia. It is informed that inspite of being an election year, the Indonesian government has continued to pursue targets set out in the September 2003 white paper on economic reform. However, the reforms implemented so far are largely new laws and regulations, and a demonstration of the will to apply them will be needed before they have a discernible impact on growth. The white paper reform programme is due to run until October 2004, when the incoming government will begin setting a new agenda for economic policy. INSET: Highlights of the 2005 draft state budget.

The article reports on the economic performance of Finland as of February 2010. It states that Finnish paper makers have been affected by weak demand and overcapacity, although some fourth-quarter results showed improvements. It mentions that data for the fourth quarter of 2009 showed that house prices have recovered and returned to above pre-recession levels.

The article focuses on the economic developments in the India in December 2009. It cites the diversification made by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) of its foreign-exchange reserves, the release of the discussion paper on a Goods and Services Tax (GST) by the government, and the possibility of the government to accelerate part-privatisations. Moreover, the privatization proceeds are noted to go into the National Investment Fund (NIF) for capital expenditure in social-sector schemes.

The article presents a review on New Zealand's economic policy as of November 2007. The government has released a white paper on energy strategy until the year 2050. The white paper dictates that ministers are allowed to use special powers to fast-track the planning, consent and environmental assessment process required under the Resources Management Act (RMA). The government's plan to limit fossil-fuel power generation also raises electricity generation capacity shortage and could raise conflicts with privately-owned power companies.

The article presents a paper on doing business in Hong Kong, China. The paper offers a political and commercial background on Hong Kong, focusing on its political and market conditions, currency and foreign investments. It provides information on what businesses need to know to organize an investment such as basic investment approval, building and related permits as well as environmental law. The paper also touches on taxes, intellectual property and trade policies.

The article focuses on the regulation of capital sources in Canada. The Bank of Canada (BOC) contributes to economic performance by keeping inflation low and stable. BOC indirectly influences the exchange rate and has reduced the target rate for overnight funds. To raise short-term capital, companies can sell commercial paper. Chartered banks may issue equity rights and sell shares to increase capital base. The important sources of medium- and long-term capital are cited, as well as the increase in equity underwritings in the second quarter of 2009.

The article focuses on the capital sources of France. It states that France holds the largest market in Europe in commercial paper. It notes that there is no distinction between commercial and investment banks in France because any French institution with a banking licence has the right to engage in any type of banking. Several banks in France that offer a full range of commercial, wholesale and investment-banking services are given including BNP Paribas, Banque Populaire, and HSBC Holdings of the UK.

The article provides information on the domestic economy of Yemen in 2007. The country reported its highest average inflation in 2006 since mid-1990s. The International Monetary Fund published a working paper, which recommends Yemen to change its monetary policy. The country's riyal depreciates by an annual average of 3 to 5 percent against the U.S. dollar.

The article talks about output and demand in the domestic economy of Finland. The economy continues to grow in the second quarter of 2006, with overall GDP increasing by 6 percent in year-on-year terms. Data for retail spending suggest that demand continued to expand in the second quarter of 2006 and at the beginning of the third, with overall retail sales volumes rising by an average of 5.4 percent in three months.

Offers information on capital resources in the U.S. Role of commercial banks and their holding companies in the complex U.S. financial system; Uses of short-term capital and commercial paper; Major source of funds for financing investment and expansion requirements of U.S. firms.

The article provides an overview of capital markets and the sources of business capital in France. Corporations in the country get financial support from both commercial and investment banks. Equity markets are also a source of capital in the country. For short-term financing, companies utilize overdrafts, multi-option facilities, spot credits and other instruments. Term loans remain the primary form of medium-term credit.

This article presents information on the political developments in Indonesia. As declared by the general elections commission, Susilo Bambang Yudohono has won the first round of voting in the country's first direct presidential election. It is informed that voting passed off peacefully, with over 80 percent of the electorate turning out to vote. Foreign election monitors described the elections as largely free and fair, but stopped short of the praise offered following the April legislative poll. Their qualified praise was owing in part to a problem with the design of the ballot papers, which resulted in up to 40 million voters mistakenly punching two holes after neglecting to fully unfold their ballot papers. The first-round outcome demonstrates the immediate impact of direct elections on the Indonesian political landscape. Mr. Yudhoyono had no major party infrastructure to support his campaign, and yet he was able to reach out directly to the electorate on the basis of his personal appeal.

Focuses on the economic performance of Pakistan as of May 2004. Factors responsible for the increasing inflation rate of the country; Rate of the growth of Pakistan's gross domestic product; Objectives of the poverty reduction strategy paper of Pakistan.

Reports on the data on the economic indicators and international trade in the Netherlands. Industrial production; Housing starts; Foreign exchange; Employment; Data on paper/manufactures, textile industry and industries.

The article offers information on the May 2008 review of the economic policy of Norway. The central bank of Norway, Norges Bank increased interest rates to 5.5% at its Executive Board meeting on April 23, 2008, suggesting that it continues to attach greater weight to the risk of inflation than to the threat of economic slowdown. Bjarne Hakon Hanssen, Norway's labour and social affairs minister, presented a white paper before the parliament on April 18, 2008, to relax rules for immigrant workers.

The article focuses on the economic condition and structure of Japan. It states that the country has a weak fiscal position and is being aggravated by the recession and the impact of the government's stimulus packages. Its fiscal stimulus packages together with a contraction in the economy will cause the widening of the budget deficit. In addition, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) will extend its policy of buying commercial paper to improve the ability of corporations to raise financing.

Information on developments in the economic performance of Finland as of May 2009 is presented. Recession continued to deepen, with seasonally adjusted economic activity estimated to have declined by 1.8%. Figures show a contraction in activity in the services sector, which was concentrated in the transport and storage sector. Financial results from the metals and pulp and paper sectors were poor, with metals manufacturers reporting sharp falls in sales.

The article considers the foreign trade and payments of Finland in 2006. Export and import growth slowed in the fourth quarter of 2006, which led to the slight widening of the country's surplus. Most of the rise in Finland's exports in the first ten months was in shipments to other European countries like Russia and Norway. Exports of basic manufactures like paper, iron and steel increased.

Presents economic indicators of Austrian foreign trade for 1995 and 1996.

Discusses foreign trade in Sweden.

Examines Austrian foreign trade for various goods such as wood and petroleum.

The article reports on French personal tax rates which are relatively high on paper. It is noted that individuals with high net assets are covered by a wealth tax, but special tax rules for expatriates reduce the impact of French tax for this group. President Nicolas Sarkozy implemented the tax shield from tax year 2008, which limits the amount of tax due. Information is also presented on determination of taxable income and capital taxes.