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Purpose: Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the brewing industry, holding significant potential for biomass applications. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effective thermal conductivity (keff) of BSG and to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict keff, since this property is fundamental in the design and optimization of the thermochemical conversion processes toward the feasibility of bioenergy production. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental determination of keff as a function of BSG particle diameter and heating rate was performed using the line heat source method. The resulting values were used as a database for training the ANN and testing five multiple linear regression models to predict keff under different conditions. Findings: Experimental values of keff were in the range of 0.090–0.127 W m−1 K−1, typical for biomasses. The results showed that the reduction of the BSG particle diameter increases keff, and that the increase in the heating rate does not statistically affect this property. The developed neural model presented superior performance to the multiple linear regression models, accurately predicting the experimental values and new patterns not addressed in the training procedure. Originality/value: The empirical correlations and the developed ANN can be utilized in future work. This research conducted a discussion on the practical implications of the results for biomass valorization. This subject is very scarce in the literature, and no studies related to keff of BSG were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermal stabilizing and toughening of a dual-phase Nb alloy are achieved by tuning stabilizing element C in Nb-BCC. • The 3.1 % lattice expansion resulting from the BCC-to-FCC transformation compensates for the lattice relaxation induced by the precipitation of interstitial C atoms from the BCC matrix. • The exceptional performances can be attributed to the network skeletal structure of discontinuous carbide GBs and the presence of BCC+FCC dual-phase grains (K-S relationship). • The discontinuous carbide GBs can impede grain growth, block and transfer dislocations, and mediate localized deformation. Niobium alloys have found extensive application in industries, such as aerospace, nuclear reactor, and emerging electronic technologies, owing to their high melting point, low density, and remarkable formability. Nevertheless, they still fall short in terms of comprehensive strength, toughness, and thermal stability when subjected to complex impacts and/or torsional forces during service. Here, a dual-phase (BCC/FCC) Nb alloy with attractive mechanical properties and thermal stability was designed by tuning stable element C in the Nb-BCC matrix assisted by hot deformation and aging processes. Our findings reveal that the formation of discontinuous carbides at the grain boundary promotes the phase transformation of the matrix from BCC to FCC (K-S orientation relationship), resulting in the formation of FCC thin layers and nano particles. This unique configuration hinders the slipping of dislocations during deformation and impedes the degeneration of microstructures during the thermal cycling process from 200 °C to 900 °C. Moreover, the discontinuous carbides at GBs provide channels to transfer dislocations between various phases and/or grains, which results in attractive mechanical properties and thermal stability. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and elasticity modulus of the designed Nb alloy reach impressive values of 790.5 MPa, 436.5 MPa, 39.1 %, and 63.5 MPa, respectively. These observations provide guidelines for designing dual-phase Nb alloys with remarkable strength, toughness, and thermal stability for aerospace applications by tuning the stabilizing element C in the Nb-BCC matrix. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PS-PVD GYbZ coatings had better silicate-phobicity than EB-PVD coatings. • Ultrafast laser processing produced a biomimetic structure and further improved the silicate-phobicity of the PS-PVD coatings. • Biomimetic structured coating had a rougher surface, resulting in an enhanced wear resistance. • Numerous interfaces of the PS-PVD coatings are beneficial to thermal insulation. • Laser ablation caused a decreased coating thickness and the thermal insulation was reduced by around 20%–30%. Plasma spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) (Gd 0.9 Yb 0.1) 2 Zr 2 O 7 (GYbZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) exhibited better silicate-phobicity than coatings produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition. In combination with PS-PVD and ultrafast laser direct writing technology, biomimetic structured GYbZ TBCs, with a triple-scale micro/nano surface microstructure, were obtained. Laser ablating on the PS-PVD GYbZ coating enhanced the surface roughness, improving its wear resistance without increasing the surface hardness. Furthermore, during the laser ablation processing, numerous nanoparticles were deposited in-situ in the gaps between columns of the coating, reducing the coating Young's modulus. The simulated temperature field and heat flux field demonstrated that the presence of numerous interfaces between small columns of the PS-PVD coatings is beneficial to thermal insulation. However, laser ablation decreased the coating thickness, reducing the thermal insulation by around 20%–30% as compared to its PS-PVD counterpart, suggesting that a moderate increase in the coating thickness should be considered when designing an efficient TBC system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide a simple yet accurate and efficient geometric method for thermal homogenization of impregnated and non-impregnated coil winding technologies based on the concept of thermal resistance. Design/methodology/approach: For regular windings, the periodic microscopic cell in the winding space is identified. Also, for irregular windings, the average microscopic cell of the winding is determined. An approximation is used to calculate the thermal resistance of the winding cell. Based on this approximation, the winding insulation is considered as a circular ring around the wire. Mathematical equations are obtained to calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding is calculated using equivalent thermal resistance of the cell. Winding thermal homogenization is completed by determining the equivalent thermal properties of the cell. Findings: The thermal pattern of different windings is simulated and compared with the results of different homogenization methods. The results show that the proposed method is applicable for a wide range of windings in terms of winding scheme, packing factor and winding insulation. Also, the results show that the proposed method is more accurate than other winding homogenization methods in calculating the equivalent thermal conductivity of the winding. Research limitations/implications: In this paper, the change of electrical resistance of the winding with temperature and thermal contact between the sub-components are ignored. Also, liquid insulators, such as oils, and rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics is considered as future work. Originality/value: Unlike other homogenization methods, the proposed method can be applied to non-impregnated and irregular windings. Also, compared to other homogenization methods, the proposed method has a simpler formulation that makes it easier to program and implement. All of these indicate the efficiency of the proposed method in the thermal analysis of the winding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We report for the first time that a record high ZT (∼ 0.85 at 723 K) of p type Ag and Bi -codoped Mg 3 Sb 2 compound achieved by applying the strategy that Bi alloying at Sb cites and Ag doping at Mg cites. • DFT calculations explained the optimized mechanisms of the electrical transport behavior, which fit well with the experimental results. • A low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.48 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K is obtained with the help of phonon scattering at distorted lattice, point defects and nano-precipitates, contributing to the outstanding performance. P-type Mg 3 Sb 2 -based Zintls have attracted considerable interest in the thermoelectric (TE) field due to their environmental friendliness and low cost. However, compared to their n-type counterparts, they show relatively low TE performance, limiting their application in TE devices. In this work, we simultaneously introduce Bi alloying at Sb sites and Ag doping at Mg sites into the Mg 3 Sb 2 to cooperatively optimize the electrical and thermal properties for the first time, acquiring the highest ZT value of ∼0.85 at 723 K and a high average ZT of 0.39 in the temperature range of 323–723 K in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 1.9 Bi 0.1. The first-principle calculations show that the co-doping of Ag and Bi can shift the Fermi level into the valence band and narrow the band gap, resulting in the increased carrier concentration from 3.50 × 1017 cm−3 in the reference Mg 3 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1 to ∼7.88 × 1019 cm−3 in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1. As a result, a remarkable power factor of ∼778.9 µW m−1 K−2 at 723 K is achieved in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1. Meanwhile, a low lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.48 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K is also obtained with the help of phonon scattering at the distorted lattice, point defects, and nano-precipitates in sample Mg 2.94 Ag 0.06 Sb 0.9 Bi 0.1. The synergistic effect of using the multi-element co-doping/-alloying to optimize electrical properties in Mg 3 Sb 2 holds promise for further improving the TE performance of Zintl phase materials or even others. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We review the challenges of borohydrides for hydrogen storage and electrolyte. • We summarize the similarity and differences in the strategies in the two areas. • An outlook on cross-field strategies may inspire further research. LiBH 4 and Mg(BH 4) 2 with high theoretical hydrogen mass capacity receive significant attentions for hydrogen storage. Also, these compounds can be potentially applied as solid-state electrolytes with their high ionic conductivity. However, their applications are hindered by the poor kinetics and reversibility for hydrogen storage and low ionic conductivity at room temperature, respectively. To address these challenges, effective strategies towards engineering the hydrogen storage properties and the emerging solid-state electrolytes with improved performances have been summarized. The focuses are on the state-of-the-art developments of Li/Mg-based borohydrides with a parallel comparison of similar methods applied in both hydrogen storage and solid-state electrolytes, particularly on the phase, structure, and thermal properties changes of Li/Mg-based borohydrides induced by milling, ion substitution, coordination, adding additives/catalysts, and hydrides. The similarities and differences between the strategies towards two kinds of applications are also discussed and prospected. The review will shed light on the future development of Li/Mg-based borohydrides for hydrogen storage and solid-state electrolytes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The lightweight TiCF/PR ablator was developed with a two-step construction strategy. • The TiO 2 introduced as an opacifier shows excellent antioxidant ablation and IR radiation shielding properties. • The as-prepared aerogel composite possesses low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability. • The addition of nano-TiO 2 improves the reverse radiation heat dissipation of the material and endows the composite a better ablative resistance. High-performance thermal protection materials (TPMs) for spacecraft are becoming current research hotspots. Lightweight polymer-based ablators are considered to be the most promising candidates for TPMs due to their excellent designability and versatility. In this study, a unique nano-TiO 2 coated needled carbon fiber felt/phenolic resin aerogel composite (TiCF/PR) is reported. Wherein the anatase nano-TiO 2 was in-situ coated on the surface of carbon fibers uniformly through the sol-gel and calcination method, then, the phenolic resin aerogel was in-situ synthesized in the nano-TiO 2 coated needled carbon fiber felt (TiCF) preform through vacuum impregnation and solvothermal method. The as-prepared aerogel composite possesses a low density (0.30–0.32 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.034 and 0.312 W/(m K) in the z and xy directions), and excellent thermal stability with 13.86% residual weight at 1300 °C in air. It is worthwhile to note that the TiCF/PR composite exhibits excellent antioxidant ablation and infrared (IR) radiation shielding properties in a high-temperature heating environment. With an oxygen-acetylene blaze heating of 1.5 MW/m2 for 150 s, the linear ablation rates decreased by 13.4%, and the backside temperature reduced from 322.3 to 179.1 °C compared to that of the sample without nano-TiO 2 coating. The experimental and theoretical analysis showed that the present TiCF/PR nanocomposite has competitive and potential application prospects in the field of future TPMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-performance wear-resistant PA6 composites were fabricated through multistage stretching extrusion, which provided a strong extensional and shearing field to construct highly oriented hybrid networks of silicon carbide (SiC)-packed boron nitride (BN) platelets. • The highly oriented hybrid networks can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of PA6 composites. • The design of the experiment demonstrates that high thermal conductivity favors rapid dissipation of frictional heat. Herein, a strong extensional and shearing field was introduced to construct highly oriented hybrid networks of silicon carbide (SiC)-packed boron nitride (BN) platelets to fabricate high-performance wear-resistant PA6 composites. Results show that in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of the prepared PA6 composites with a total filler loading of 20 wt.% reached 1.31 and 0.35 W/(m K), 352% and 25% higher than those of pure PA6, respectively. It is attributed to the highly oriented hybrid network that facilitates the formation of efficient thermal conductivity pathways. Temperature monitoring results during friction confirm that high TC favors the friction heat dissipation performance. Meanwhile, the yield strength of PA6 composites increased by 39.1% and they still have excellent ductility with an elongation at break of 207.1%. Finally, the wear rate of PA6 composites decreased sharply by 92.5%. This method can be used to manufacture advanced linear bearing and guideway parts, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reaction-tunable diffusion bonding (RDB) was proposed. • The indenter displacement was utilized to quantify the reactive diffusion degree with adjustable, visible, and high flexibility. • Multilayered Cu mesh/ZK61 Mg foil composites exhibited thermal conductivity and lightweight synergy. • Hasselman–Johnson model and Rayleigh model were applied to quantitatively scrutinize the thermal conductivity. The thermal properties of Mg alloys require further optimization to encounter the increasingly severe heat dissipation demands of high-power densities and highly integrated electronic components. In this study, a novel strategy of reaction-tunable diffusion bonding (RDB) was applied to manipulate the interfacial reaction in the multilayered Cu mesh/ZK61 Mg foil composites. The displacement of the punch was utilized to quantify the degree of reactive diffusion with adjustable, visible, and high flexibility. The interface was artificially manipulated to produce the fluid Mg–Zn eutectic liquid phase filling the interfacial gap at high temperature for a short time, followed by diffusion bonding at low temperature. The thermal conductivity of the composites first increased and then decreased, which was synthetically affected by the amelioration of metallurgical bonding and the moderately reactive consumption of Cu. The reinforcement Cu was converted from the Hasselman–Johnson model to the Rayleigh model, reflecting the optimization of the interfacial bonding quality. The composites with thermal conductivity and lightweight synergy were fabricated successfully. Therefore, RDB is a progressive technique, shedding lights on the innovative lightweight metal matrix composites with high thermal conductivities relevant to the 5G communications and new energy vehicle industries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The medium-entropy MAX phase ceramic was fabricated for the first time. • Nearly pure medium-entropy (TiVNb) 2 AlC was prepared by hot pressing. • (TiVNb) 2 AlC exhibits lower thermal conductivity compared to the individual MAX phases. • Young's modulus, Vickers hardness, and bending strength were reported. Medium- or high-entropy materials have great potential for applications due to their diverse compositions and unexpected physicochemical properties. Herein, a novel medium-entropy (TiVNb) 2 AlC was synthesized via hot pressing at 1400 °C from three individual M 2 AlC (M=Ti, V, Nb) MAX phases. The microstructure of (TiVNb) 2 AlC was characterized from the microscale to the atomic scale by scanning electron microscope microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that Ti, V, and Nb atoms were fully solid-soluble in the M-sites of the M 2 AlC MAX phase. Compared with three individual MAX phases, the thermal conductivity of (TiVNb) 2 AlC was reduced greatly in the temperature range of 293–1473 K, and its mechanical properties (including Young's modulus, Vickers hardness, and bending strength) were all increased due to the solid solution strengthening and electronic mechanism. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• A novel scanning strategy to manufacture pure tungsten with less defects was developed in this study using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Dense pure tungsten samples from the novel strategy present a nice brick-stacking structure. • The report on thermal properties of pure tungsten processed by LPBF is rather limited. In this study, their thermal contributions, electrical properties and thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) were firstly reported. • Although the temperature dependence of samples fabricated by different strategies was similar, phonon contribution to the total thermal conductivity varied significantly, which could be interpreted by the higher grain boundary thermal resistance in the brick-stacking tungsten builds. By integrating thin-wall into block (ITWB), a novel scanning strategy to manufacture dense tungsten with few cracks was developed in this study using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Different from the S-shaped grains observed from the other LPBFed tungsten, samples fabricated by the ITWB strategy present a pore-free microstructure composed of stacked columnar grains. The thermal conductivities of tungsten parts manufactured by the different strategies were compared. Although their temperature dependence was similar, phonon contribution to the total thermal conductivity varied significantly, which could be primarily interpreted by the differences on the grain boundary thermal resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bulk nanocrystalline W-Ti alloys were prepared by high-pressure consolidation. • Hardness and yield strength of bulk nanocrystalline W 80 Ti 20 are 16.9 and 6.0 GPa. • High hardness and strength are mainly caused by grain boundary strengthening. • Nanocrystalline W 80 Ti 20 is stable against high temperature and deformation. • Segregation of Ti at grain boundaries makes nanocrystalline W 80 Ti 20 stable. Nanocrystalline (NC) W metals and alloys often exhibit higher radiation tolerance and strength than their coarse-grained counterparts. However, their thermal stability is low, making it difficult to achieve bulk NC W metals and alloys by consolidation using conventional techniques such as pressure-less sintering, hot-explosive-compaction sintering, and spark plasma sintering. Here we report the synthesis and mechanical properties of bulk NC W 100- x Ti x (x = 10 at.%–30 at.%) alloys prepared by consolidating mechanically alloyed NC powders under a high-temperature/high-pressure condition. Adding 20 at.%–30 at.% Ti largely improves the sinterability of NC W-Ti alloy powders. The room-temperature microhardness and compressive yield strength of consolidated bulk NC W 80 Ti 20 alloy are ∼ 16.9 and 6.0 GPa, respectively, which are mainly caused by grain boundary strengthening and significantly higher than those of previously reported W and W alloys. The ultimate compressive strength of bulk NC W 80 Ti 20 measured between 900 and 1100 °C deceases with increasing temperature. This behavior can be explained by the activation of Rachinger grain boundary sliding. No grain growth is observed in bulk NC W 80 Ti 20 after compression at 1000 °C. Theoretical calculation suggests that it is the segregation of Ti at grain boundaries that decreases the specific grain boundary free energy and makes the NC W 80 Ti 20 alloy thermodynamically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Uniform CsPbBr 3 QDs with diameter of 12-18 nm were obtained via heat injection method quickly. • Electrical and thermal properties were improved by Cs doping and QDs embedding synchronously. • The PF of CsPbBr 3 QDs/HMS composite was enhanced owing to the combined effect of element doping and energy filtering. • The κ l decreased ∼22% because of the broadband phonon scattering effect that resulted from the Cs doping and QDs inclusions. • A high zT value of 0.57 at 823 K is was achieved in CsPbBr 3 QDs/HMS composites. Higher manganese silicide (HMS) is a P-type medium temperature thermoelectric (TE) material, which has attracted widespread attention over the past few decades due to its remarkable mechanical properties, excellent chemical and thermal stability, as well as the non-toxicity, abundance and competitive price. The peak power factor (PF) of HMS is as high as ∼1.50 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2 because of its intrinsic high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. However, the thermal conductivity of HMS is also high, resulting in relatively low zT values. Introducing nano-dispersion in the matrix is one of the most effective methods to enhance the TE properties via reducing the lattice thermal conductivity significantly without drastic changes on the other parameters. In this study, CsPbBr 3 QDs with uniform size were synthesized and introduced into HMS bulks. The PF (at 823 K) was enhanced to 1.71 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2, which is improved 14.0% approximately compared with that of pure HMS owing to the combined effect of element doping and energy filtering. The lattice thermal conductivity (at 823 K) decreased from 2.56 W m−1 K−1 to 1.99 W m−1 K−1 synchronously (∼22.0%) due to the intensive phonon scattering caused by Cs doping, and the embedding of Pb riched CsPbBr 3 QDs and Pb QDs. A maximum zT value of 0.57 (823 K) is achieved in CsPbBr 3 QDs/HMS composites, which is 36.0% higher than that of pure HMS. Predictably, for other TE materials, it is also feasible to improve the TE properties via introducing metastable quantum dots. The zT value of HMS increased from 0.42 to 0.57 (∼36.0%) via introducing CsPbBr 3 QDs. The PF (at 823 K) was enhanced to 1.71 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2, which is improved 14.0% approximately compared with that of pure HMS owing to the combined effect of element doping and energy filtering. The lattice thermal conductivity (at 823 K) decreased from 2.56 W m−1 K−1 to 1.99 W m−1 K−1 synchronously (∼22.0%) due to the intensive phonon scattering caused by Cs doping, and the embedding of Pb riched CsPbBr 3 QDs and Pb QDs. Introducing metastable QDs into matrix is a novel and feasible means to enhance the zT , which is probably applicable to other materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which tracks multiple datasets of global weather records, the past seven years have been the hottest years ever recorded. Topics include considered that every decade since 1980 has been hotter than the previous one, and that trend is expected to continue for decades to come despite all efforts to mitigate increasing temperatures.

The phase transition phenomenon is an important research topic in various physical studies. However, it is difficult to define the order parameters in many complex systems involving self-organized structures. We propose a method to define order parameters using a variational autoencoder network. To demonstrate these capabilities, we trained a deep learning network with a dataset composed of spin configurations in a chiral magnetic system at various temperatures. It removes thermal fluctuations from the input data and leaves the remaining structural information with a spin magnitude. We define an order parameter with magnitude of output spins and compare the results with those of conventional analysis. The comparison indicates similar results. Using the order parameter, the thermal properties of the chiral magnetic system were investigated by varying the physical parameters and data size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a multiphysics phase-field fracture model for thermo-elasto-plastic solids in the context of finite deformation and apply it to simulate the hot cracking phenomenon during metal additive manufacturing. The model is derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner, with the intercoupling mechanisms among elastoplasticity, phase-field crack and heat transfer comprehensively considered. It involves particularly coupled parameters among these materials physics, e.g. plasticity-dependent degradation function and fracture toughness, damage-dependent yield surface and thermal properties, and temperature-dependent elastoplastic properties and fracture strength. The finite element implementation of the coupled phase-field model is benchmarked with simulation results of a tensile test of an I-shape specimen, encompassing elastoplasticity, hardening, necking, crack initiation and propagation, in contrast to the related experimental results. The validated model is further employed to simulate the multiphysics hot cracking phenomenon in additive manufacturing in the context of both the effective powder-bed model and the powder-resolved model thanks to prior non-isothermal phase-field powder-bed-fusion simulations. Simulation results reveal certain key features of the hot crack and its dependency on process parameters like beam power and scan speed, which are helpful for the fundamental understanding of crack formation mechanisms and process optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Ferrara in Italy explored the properties of a macromolecular complex between sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and the anticancer agent cisplatin. The researchers prepared a thin film of NaHA with cisplatin to deliver the drug locally after tumor resection. They found that the complexation of cisplatin with NaHA in the film resulted in higher drug efficacy. The study investigated the rheological, thermal, and spectroscopical properties of the cisplatin/NaHA complex and found that it involved the carboxylate groups of the polysaccharide. The complex appeared to form a network of aggregates in the film. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of NaHA and cisplatin for anticancer chemotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted at Nantong University in China has developed a new type of smart textile that addresses the challenges faced by current wearable sensing materials. The textile, called a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), has a triple bio-protection function, including a passive physical barrier effect, nano-silver active disinfection, and active Joule-heat disinfection. The TENG also has the ability to wirelessly sense fine biomotion and recognize hand gestures. This research has potential applications in the medical field. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Jiangnan University in Jiangsu, China, discusses the effects of protein cross-linking on the properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in silver carp. The study found that cross-linked MPs showed increased protein-protein interactions and decreased protein-water interactions after freeze-thaw cycles. Gels formed from cross-linked sols had higher hardness, springiness, and cooking loss. The research provides insights into regulating the freezing stability and post-thawed thermal processing properties of surimi products. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Beijing Technology and Business University discusses the dry fractionation efficiency of milk fats from different sources and the characteristics of their fractions in terms of chemical composition, thermal property, and crystal morphology. The study found that the physicochemical properties of anhydrous milk fats (AMF) vary according to different regions and seasons, which affects dry fractionation. The research analyzed the differences in fraction yields and physicochemical characteristics of four AMFs from different sources. The results showed that the fractionation efficiency varied among the AMFs, and the thermal differences among them did not correlate with those among their fractions. The study also found that more trisaturated triglycerides with 48 to 54 carbon atoms in the AMF increased the yield of solid fractions and decreased the slip melting points of both fractions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Sfax in Tunisia explored the characteristic profiles, thermal properties, and oxidative stability of cold-pressed oils derived from moringa, milk thistle, and jujube seeds. The findings revealed that these oils possess high nutritional value and can be utilized in various fields. Jujube seed oil exhibited the best quality parameters, while milk thistle seed oil showed absorbance in a wider range of UV light. Jujube seed oil also contained the highest content of polyphenols, making it more stable against thermal oxidation. This research provides valuable insights into the potential applications of these oils. [Extracted from the article]

A recent research report from Youngsan University in Busan, South Korea, explores the modification of waxy corn starch using amylosucrase (AS) from Neisseria polysaccharea (NP) to elongate the glucan. The study evaluates the amylose content of the AS-treated starches using iodine and concanavalin A (Con A) methods, as well as their in vivo digestion, thermal, swelling, and pasting properties. The results show that AS-treated starches had higher amylose content, lower blood glucose levels in rats, unique thermal properties, and increased slowly digestible and enzyme-resistant starch content. The researchers suggest that AS-treated starch could be used in various applications such as cosmetic products, medical materials, and adhesives. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Valladolid in Palencia, Spain, explored the impact of ultrasound treatment on the properties of canary seed flours. Canary seed is a gluten-free cereal known for its high fat, starch, and protein content. The study found that ultrasound treatment increased water and oil absorption capacities in whole canary seed flour, and also influenced the surfactant properties of lipids in the flour. Additionally, ultrasound treatment affected protein extraction, pasting and rheological properties, and retrogradation of the flours. The researchers concluded that ultrasound treatment and defatting can improve gluten-free food products made with canary seed flour. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Federal University Sergipe in Sao Cristovao, Brazil, explored the properties of chitosan-based films incorporating jatoba fruit peel extract. The films were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as their physicochemical, morphological, and thermal properties. The addition of the extract increased the antioxidant activity and improved the physical properties of the film. The research concluded that these films have potential as biodegradable packaging alternatives to petroleum-based packaging. [Extracted from the article]

• Effects of sub-T g annealing and HPT on relaxation were comparatively studied. • Relaxation behavior was studied by in-situ shear modulus and modulated DSC. • Reversible and nonreversible components of relaxation were identified. • The heat flow can be well correlated with the shear moduli for all states. • Interconnection between atomic motion, thermal effect and shear elasticity was discussed. Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 (at.%) samples with different enthalpy states were fabricated through high-pressure torsion or sub- T g annealing of the as-cast material. Subsequently, the underlying structural relaxation was studied by in-situ shear modulus measurements and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that high-pressure torsion leads to shear modulus softening and an increase of the nonreversible exothermic enthalpy, indicating a significant structural rejuvenation, while sub- T g annealing causes shear modulus hardening and a decrease of the nonreversible exothermic enthalpy. The reversible endothermic effect which can reflect the fractional change of supercooled liquid with temperature was found to be almost identical for all samples, and independent of deformation or thermal history. The total heat flow can be well correlated with the shear modulus within the framework of interstitialcy theory. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the structural relaxation below T g decouples into internal stress relaxation and β-relaxation. In addition, this work indicates that the processes of α-relaxation and β-relaxation in the metallic glass are of similar structural origin but occur on different spatial scales. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat dissipating Mg–Zn–La/Ce alloys were designed based on thermodynamic database. • τ 1 phases have more negative influence on thermal diffusivity than REMg 12. • Solute atom is dominant factor affecting thermal conductivity of Mg–Zn–RE alloys. • The thermal diffusivities of Mg–Zn–La/Ce alloys were predicted by CALPHAD method. Basic thermal properties and mechanical properties are critical parameters for the structural magnesium alloys. Solute atoms and second phases can improve mechanical properties, but are deteriorating the heat dissipation performance. Through experimental determination of alloys, it is found that REMg 12 phases have fewer negative impacts on thermal diffusivities than τ 1 phases. With the same intermetallic compound, the solute atom Zn have more negative influences on thermal diffusivities of Mg–Zn–La/Ce alloys than the content of second phases. In order to quantitatively evaluate thermal conductivities and further design Mg alloys with both high strength and high thermal conductivity, a calculated method is provided to describe the thermal diffusivity of alloys as a function of alloy composition and phase constitution. A set of parameters for expression of thermal diffusivity of Mg–Zn–La/Ce alloys were obtained through assessing the experimental data. The thermal conductivities of Mg–Zn–La/Ce system were predicted and agreed well with experimental values with calculation error of 1.6% and standard error of ±3.0 W/(m K). The calculation method considering thermal diffusivity resistivity improves the calculation accuracy and would be physically significant. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conversion of biomass, medical-grade cotton and sucrose, into carbon foams by filter-pressing. • Foams exhibit density in the range of 0.06 to 0.31 g cm−3. • Foams possess reasonable compressive strength in the range 5 kPa to 1.4 MPa. • Foams possess partial compressibility. • Low thermal conductivity (0.069 to 0.185 W m −1K−1) and good flame resistance. • carbon composite foams are amenable to machining using conventional machines and tools. • CCFs materials showed good electrical and EMI shielding properties. • The rigid CCFs showed shielding effectiveness in the ranges of 21.5 to 38.9 dB with adsorption dominant shielding properties. Thermally insulating and fire-resistant carbon composite foams are prepared by consolidating natural cotton fibre dispersed in aqueous sucrose solution by filter-pressing followed by drying and carbonization. The compressive strength (5 kPa to 1.4 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.069 to 0.185 W m −1 K −1) depend on the foam density (0.06 to 0.31 g cm−3) which is modulated by varying the sucrose solutions concentration (100 to 700 g L −1). Partially flexible to the rigid transition of the carbon composite foams occurs at sucrose concentration above 200 g L −1. The tubular carbon fibre formed from cotton is welded at their contact points by the amorphous carbon produced from sucrose leading to partial flexibility at low sucrose concentration and advancement of fibre- to- fibre bonding area at higher sucrose concentration results in rigid foam. The porosity in the inter-fibre space and lumen of the carbonized cotton fibre contributes to the low thermal conductivity. The carbon composite foams prepared at a sucrose solution concentration of 500 g L −1 and above are amenable to machining using conventional machines and tools. The rigid carbon foams show EMI shielding effectiveness and specific shielding effectiveness in the ranges of 21.5 to 38.9 dB and 108–138 dB cm3 g −1, respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An overview of the current strategies for synthesizing recyclable thermosets based on CANs is presented. • Various degradation and malleability methods and resulting mechanical properties of the recycled thermosets and thermoset composites are presented. • The emerging applications of recyclable thermosets and thermoset composites are illustrated. Recyclable thermosets and thermoset composites with covalent adaptable networks (CANs, or dynamic covalent networks) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the combined merits of excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and chemical stabilities of traditional thermosets and recyclable, remoldable, and reprocessable attributes of thermoplastics. In this paper, we present an overview of the current strategies for synthesizing recyclable thermosets based on CANs, which involve recyclability, reprocessability, and possible rehealability. The recent literature examples are categorized based on the underlying controlled-cleavable linkages such as transesterification, DA/retro-DA chemistry, imine bonds, disulfide metathesis, dynamic B-O bonds, hemiaminals/hexahydrotriazines, and acetal linkages. Various degradation and malleability methods and resulting mechanical properties of the recycled thermosets and thermoset composites are presented. The emerging applications of recyclable thermosets and thermoset composites, with emphasis on their usage in adhesives, biomedical materials, wearable devices, coatings, and 3D printing materials, are also illustrated. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and future perspectives is briefly summarized. An overview of the current strategies for synthesizing recyclable thermosets based on CANs, which involves recyclability, reprocessability, and possible rehealability is presented. The underlying controlled-cleavable linkages such as transesterification, DA/retro-DA chemistry, imine bonds, disulfide metathesis, dynamic B-O bonds, hemiaminals/hexahydrotriazines and acetal linkages are categorized. Various degradation and malleability methods and resulting mechanical properties of the recycled thermosets and thermoset composites are summarized. The emerging applications of recyclable thermosets and thermoset composites, with emphasis on their usage in adhesives, biomedical materials, wearable devices, coatings and 3D printing materials, are also illustrated. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and future perspectives is briefly summarized [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Differences of X1-Gd 2 SiO 5 , X2-Y 2 SiO 5 and X2-Er 2 SiO 5 coatings in microstructure and thermal properties are compared. • The X2-Y 2 SiO 5 and X2-Er 2 SiO 5 coatings exhibited lower CTEs, which is attributed to the different crystal structure. • The thermal conductivities of the coatings were not only determined by crystal structure but also mainly by microstructure. • Thermal shock behaviors were compared and analyzed in detail. In this work, the microstructure evolution, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and thermal shock resistance properties of the plasma-sprayed X1-Gd 2 SiO 5 , X2-Y 2 SiO 5 , and X2-Er 2 SiO 5 coatings were evaluated and compared by experimental measurement and theoretical exploration. Results showed that significant microstructure evolution such as crystallization of amorphous phase, grain growth, and defects reduction was observed in the RE 2 SiO 5 coatings after thermal aging at 1400 °C. The X1-Gd 2 SiO 5 coating exhibited higher CTE values than the X2-Y 2 SiO 5 and X2-Er 2 SiO 5 coatings, which was related to their crystal structure. The thermal conductivity of thermal-aged RE 2 SiO 5 coating was much higher than that of the as-sprayed RE 2 SiO 5 coating, and thermal conductivity was determined not only by crystal structure but also mainly by the microstructure of the coatings. The X2-Y 2 SiO 5 and X2-Er 2 SiO 5 coatings with lower thermal mismatch stresses presented much better thermal shock resistance than the X1-Gd 2 SiO 5 coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In the present study, Debye-Callaway model was first employed to calculate the lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide with different carbon vacancy contents. • Key parameters for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity which includes Grüneisen parameters, Debye temperatures, and phonon group velocities were calculated based on the phonon dispersion. • The effects of average atomic mass, grain size, average atomic volume and Zr isotopes on the lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide were also calculated using phonon scattering models. • Debye-Callaway model correctly predicted the trends of ZrCx lattice thermal conductivities with increasing carbon vacancy content. Lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide (ZrC x , x = 1, 0.75 and 0.5) ceramics with different carbon vacancy concentrations were calculated using a combination of first-principles calculations and the Debye-Callaway model. The Grüneisen parameters, Debye temperatures, and phonon group velocities were deduced from phonon dispersions of ZrC x determined using first-principles calculations. In addition, the effects of average atomic mass, grain size, average atomic volume and Zr isotopes on the lattice thermal conductivities of ZrC x were analyzed using phonon scattering models. The lattice thermal conductivity decreased as temperature increased for ZrC, ZrC 0.75 and ZrC 0.5 (Zr 2 C), and decreased as carbon vacancy concentration increased. Intriguingly, ZrC x can be tailored from a thermal conducting material for ZrC with high lattice thermal conductivity to a thermal insulating material for ZrC 0.5 with low lattice thermal conductivity. Thus, it opens a window to tune the thermal properties of ZrC x by controlling the carbon vacancy content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ni/Cu/MG multilayer composite with alternate magnetic and electrical structures was designed. • Ni/Cu/MG exhibits EMI SE of 35 dB at an ultrathin thickness of 0.02 mm. • Ni/Cu/MG displays excellent flexibility, superior tensile strength and bending stability. • Ni/Cu/MG has excellent Joule heating characteristics and thermal stability. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with ultrathin, flexible, superior mechanical and thermal management properties are highly desirable for smart and wearable electronics. Here, ultrathin and flexible Ni/Cu/metallic glass/Cu/Ni (Ni/Cu/MG) multilayer composite with alternate magnetic and electrical structures was designed via facial electroless plating of Cu and Ni on an Fe-based metallic glass. The resultant 0.02 mm-thick Ni/Cu/MG composite displays a superior EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 35 dB and a great EMI SE/t of 1750 dB/mm, which is greater than those of composites with monotonous multilayer or homogeneous structures. The improved EMI SE originates from the massive ohmic losses, the enhanced internal reflection/absorption, and the abundant interfacial polarization loss. Particularly, Ni/Cu/MG exhibits a high tensile strength of up to 1.2 GPa and outstanding mechanical stability, enabling the EMI SE remains unchanged after 10,000 times of bending. Moreover, Ni/Cu/MG has excellent Joule heating characteristics and thermal stability, which is very suitable for heating components of wearable hyperthermia devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pure Cu was fabricated on SS316L via Deloro 22 (D22) interlayers using directed energy deposition process. • Adding D22 interlayers between Cu and SS316L eliminated cracks in the interface of Cu/SS316L direct joints. • A strong bonding at the Cu/D22 and D22/SS316L interfaces was achieved. • A substantial amount of Fe, Ni, and Cu diffusion was observed at bond interfaces. • A ∼300% increase in thermal diffusivity and a ∼200% increase in thermal conductivity were achieved. Combining dissimilar materials in a single component is an effective solution to integrate diverse material properties into a single part. Copper-stainless steel hybrid components are attracting more and more attention since the high thermal conductivity of copper can greatly enhance the thermal performance of stainless steel, which benefits its applications in many industries. However, direct joining of copper and stainless steel such as SS316 L is challenging since they preserve significant dissimilarities in physical, chemical, and thermo-mechanical properties. This paper aims to fabricate well-bonded copper-SS316 L hybrid parts using a laser-aided directed energy deposition (DED) process. A nickel-based alloy Deloro 22 (D22) is introduced between copper and SS316 L to address the detrimental issues in copper-SS316 L direct joints. Using this technique, defect-free interfaces are achieved at both the D22-SS316 L and copper-D22 transition zones. Tensile testing of Cu-D22-SS316 L and D22-SS316 L hybrid parts shows the fracture occurs at pure copper and SS316 L region, respectively, indicating an excellent bonding at the interfaces. Ascending in the building direction, a transition of grain structure is observed. A significant diffusion zone is obtained at both the D22-SS316 L and the Cu-D22 interfaces. The large diffusion distance results in a smooth variation in microhardness over the dissimilar materials. The microhardness increases from SS316 L to D22 with the highest value of 240 HV and then decreases from D22 to Cu with the lowest value of 63 ± 4 HV. Testing of thermophysical properties of the Cu-D22-SS316 L system indicates there is a ∼300 % increase in thermal diffusivity and a ∼200 % increase in thermal conductivity when compared to pure SS316 L. The significant increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity validates the enhanced thermal performance of SS316 L when it is joined with pure copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High strength solid-state welds were demonstrated between Ti and stainless steel through an impact welding method. • By incorporating a Nb interlayer these impact welds are stronger and more thermally stable. • With modest thermal exposure, Ti/Nb/SS welds presented improved toughness. • The effective operation temperature ranges are suggested for Ti-SS and Ti-Nb-SS spot impact welds. Stainless steel (SS) and titanium alloys can be welded in the solid-state by high speed oblique impact. Here, the effect of a niobium (Nb) interlayer on weld strength and thermal stability is evaluated. Both Ti/SS and Ti/Nb/SS welds were subjected to thermal exposure ranging from 300 °C to 950 °C for 1.5 h. Thermal exposure monotonically decreases the strength and toughness of the Ti/SS pair with a dramatic falloff in strength and change in failure mode from partial pullout failure to full interfacial fracture at 600 °C. With the interlayer, toughness was increased versus baseline up to 700 °C thermal exposure and then intermetallic formation again caused falloff in properties. Guidelines for the production, properties and applications of these classes of welds are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High entropy diborides are new categories of ultra-high temperature ceramics, which are believed promising candidates for applications in hypersonic vehicles. However, knowledge on high temperature thermal and mechanical properties of high entropy diborides is still lacking unit now. In this work, variations of thermal and elastic properties of high entropy (Ti 0.2 Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2)B 2 with respect to temperature were predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. Firstly, a deep learning potential for Ti-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta-B diboride system was fitted with its prediction error in energy and force respectively being 9.2 meV/atom and 208 meV/Å, in comparison with first-principles calculations. Then, temperature dependent lattice constants, anisotropic thermal expansions, anisotropic phonon thermal conductivities, and elastic properties of high entropy (Ti 0.2 Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2)B 2 from 0 °C to 2400 °C were evaluated, where the predicted room temperature values agree well with experimental measurements. In addition, intrinsic lattice distortions of (Ti 0.2 Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2)B 2 were analyzed by displacements of atoms from their ideal positions, which are in an order of 10-3 Å and one order of magnitude smaller than those in (Ti 0.2 Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2)C. It indicates that lattice distortions in (Ti 0.2 Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Nb 0.2 Ta 0.2)B 2 is not so severe as expected. With the new paradigm of machine learning potential, deep insight into high entropy materials can be achieved in the future, since the chemical and structural complexly in high entropy materials can be well handled by machine learning potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying hydrogen behavior in alloys and the mechanical properties of alloys are essential to various practical uses, such as separation membranes, as well as hydrogen embrittlement protection. In order to further develop the non-Pd-alloy membranes used in hydrogen separation, the mechanical, thermal properties of V 14 Ni M (M = Al, Fe, Si, Ti, Zn) and hydrogen solubility and diffusion behaviors of V-based ternary alloys were studied by first principles calculation. The results indicated that the hydrogen solution energies of V-Ni- M are greater than pure vanadium. And the mono-vacancy in pure vanadium can capture 6 H atoms while the V-Ni- M alloys can only capture 5 H atoms. Therefore, the V-Ni- M alloys exhibit lower solubility of hydrogen and higher brittleness resistance to embrittlement compared with pure vanadium. And the diffusion coefficients of V-Ni- M alloys are smaller than that of pure vanadium thanks to smaller hydrogen solubility. The hydrogen solubility and hydrogen permeability can maintain relatively balanced. The study of mechanical properties suggests that the V-Ni-Ti has the best resistance to deformation and pure vanadium has the best ductility. Moreover, V-Ni-Si alloy has the smallest thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range of 473−723 K, which is the temperature of hydrogen separation, indicating that V-Ni-Si is the best for hydrogen separation according to thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new generation of Sc and Zr modified Al alloys has been attracted wide concerns in aerospace industry, owing to the excellent mechanical performances and superior thermal stability than other normal Al alloys. By microalloying with Sc and Zr, the Al3(Sc, Zr) particle forms as the grain refiner during the solidification, which is extremely beneficial for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Al alloys. In this study, a new type Al-14.1Mg-0.47Si-0.31Sc-0.17 Zr alloy was additively manufactured by LPBF, and the microstructure, tensile properties and thermal stability were studied in detail. By using a single melt-67° scanning strategy, the LPBF-processed specimen with a relative density of 99.4 % and tensile strength of 487.7 MPa was obtained at 160 W-200 mm/s. And this AlMgSiScZr alloy can still exhibit an excellent tensile strength of 393.9 MPa at a moderate temperature of 473 K. After the aging treatment, the tensile properties further increased due to the precipitate hardening of Mg2Si and Al3(Sc, Zr), and the maximum value (580 MPa) was reached at an aging time of 10 h. The average crystal size was almost unchanged after aging treated at 325 ℃ and 24 h, indicating this AlMgSiScZr alloy has an improved thermal stability. The AlMgSiScZr alloy is recommended to substitute some particular titanium alloys in aerospace field afterwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by the Department of Food Science and Technology focused on the physical and thermal properties of wild banana seed powder. The researchers found that the bulk density, tapped density, and porosity of the powder increased with higher moisture content. The study also revealed that the angle of repose, angle of spatula, and angle of fall increased linearly with increasing moisture content. Additionally, the thermal characteristics of the seed powder, such as thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat, increased with higher moisture content, while the thermal diffusivity decreased. This research provides valuable insights for processing, handling, packaging, and transport processes involving banana seed powder. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Poznan University of Technology in Poland have conducted a study on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) when modified with an amine-terminated dendritic polymer called poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM). The study found that surface and bulk functionalization of PLA with PAMAM affected its thermal stability, crystallization, and mechanical properties. Surface modification was found to introduce NH2 groups to PLA, while bulk treatment deteriorated the thermal stability of the polymer. The research provides valuable insights into the development of aminolyzed-PLA and its potential applications in various fields such as bioengineering and biomedicine. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the National Polytechnic Institute in Morelos, Mexico discusses the use of nanostructured edible films for postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. The films act as a barrier between the fruit surface and the environment, delaying ripening. The researchers prepared three different films based on chitosan nanoparticles, thyme essential oil, or propolis-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, and characterized them based on their morphology, crystalline structure, optical properties, and thermal properties. The films were found to have favorable physicochemical, optical, and thermal properties for use as a protective barrier in food packaging. [Extracted from the article]

A recent research report from VIT-AP University explores the use of nanodiamonds in the fabrication of prosthetic joints for total joint replacement. The study investigates the effects of vitamin E and gamma irradiation on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites. The results show that the nanocomposites with nanodiamonds exhibit significant improvements in various mechanical properties compared to the composite with vitamin E alone. The research concludes that a composite with 0.5 wt % vitamin E, 0.3 wt % graphene, and 0.5 wt % nanodiamonds demonstrates significant improvements in structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Universite Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne in France explores the development of a novel bronchodilator vaping drug delivery system. The study investigates the use of different vaping drug delivery systems (VDDS) and compares their dose equivalence to clinical jet nebulizers, pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). The researchers found that the e-liquids containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in powder form, when paired with specific vaping technology and drugs with appropriate thermal degradation properties, can deliver a respirable dose similar to that of a jet nebulizer and DPI. The study highlights the importance of formulation and technology in vaping bronchodilators. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Southwest University in Chongqing, China have found that the addition of NaCl (salt) can improve the quality of mung bean starch sheet jelly (MBSS). The study investigated the effects of NaCl on the physicochemical and structural properties of mung bean starch (MBS) and the quality of MBSS. The results showed that the addition of NaCl increased the gelatinization temperature and pasting parameters of MBS, improved the cooking properties of MBSS, and decreased the hardness of cooked MBSS. NaCl also affected the thermal and structural properties of MBS, ultimately improving the overall quality of MBSS. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Northwestern University discusses new research on obesity, fitness, and wellness, specifically focusing on chronic wounds in diabetic patients. The study introduces materials and engineering designs for a wireless system that monitors the temperature and thermal transport properties of wound beds during the healing process. The research demonstrates that this monitoring system can provide important insights into wound status, such as the end of exothermic reactions and the formation of scar tissue. The use of bioresorbable materials in the device reduces the risks associated with physical removal. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable information for diabetic patients and caregivers. [Extracted from the article]

Graphite flake/Cu composite has attracted tremendous attention as a promising heat sinks materials owing to its easy machinability and superior thermal properties. However, its preparation process still faces several technological limitations including complex, time-consuming and costly synthetic approaches. In this work, a facile and scalable intermittently electroplated method is applied to prepare Cu-coated graphite flake composite powders, which are subsequently sintered into dense composite bulks. The results show that the graphite flake is successfully coated with a uniform and compact Cu shell, which effectively inhibits the segregation accumulation of graphite flakes and contributes to homogeneous distribution of graphite in the sintered graphite flake/Cu composites. The as-sintered composites exhibit an excellent thermal conductivity of 710 W·m−1·K−1 and an outstanding bending strength of 93 MPa. Such performance, together with the simple, efficient powder-preparation process, suggests that the present strategy may open up opportunities for the development of thermal management materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the present paper, the new concept of "memory dependent derivative" in the Pennes' bioheat transfer and heat-induced mechanical response in human living tissue with variable thermal conductivity and rheological properties of the volume is considered. Design/methodology/approach: A problem of cancerous layered with arbitrary thickness is considered and solved analytically by Kirchhoff and Laplace transformation. The analytical expressions for temperature, displacement and stress are obtained in the Laplace transform domain. The inversion technique for Laplace transforms is carried out using a numerical technique based on Fourier series expansions. Findings: Comparisons are made with the results anticipated through the coupled and generalized theories. The influence of variable thermal, volume materials properties and time-delay parameters for all the regarded fields for different forms of kernel functions is examined. Originality/value: The results indicate that the thermal conductivity and volume relaxation parameters and MDD parameter play a major role in all considered distributions. This dissertation is an attempt to provide a theoretical thermo-viscoelastic structure to help researchers understand the complex thermo-mechanical processes present in thermal therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to at numerically retrieve five constant dimensional thermo-physical properties of a biological tissue from dimensionless boundary temperature measurements. Design/methodology/approach: The thermal-wave model of bio-heat transfer is used as an appropriate model because of its realism in situations in which the heat flux is extremely high or low and imposed over a short duration of time. For the numerical discretization, an unconditionally stable finite difference scheme used as a direct solver is developed. The sensitivity coefficients of the dimensionless boundary temperature measurements with respect to five constant dimensionless parameters appearing in a non-dimensionalised version of the governing hyperbolic model are computed. The retrieval of those dimensionless parameters, from both exact and noisy measurements, is successfully achieved by using a minimization procedure based on the MATLAB optimization toolbox routine lsqnonlin. The values of the five-dimensional parameters are recovered by inverting a nonlinear system of algebraic equations connecting those parameters to the dimensionless parameters whose values have already been recovered. Findings: Accurate and stable numerical solutions for the unknown thermo-physical properties of a biological tissue from dimensionless boundary temperature measurements are obtained using the proposed numerical procedure. Research limitations/implications: The current investigation is limited to the retrieval of constant physical properties, but future work will investigate the reconstruction of the space-dependent blood perfusion coefficient. Practical implications: As noise inherently present in practical measurements is inverted, the paper is of practical significance and models a real-world situation. Social implications: The findings of the present paper are of considerable significance and interest to practitioners in the biomedical engineering and medical physics sectors. Originality/value: In comparison to Alkhwaji et al. (2012), the novelty and contribution of this work are as follows: considering the more general and realistic thermal-wave model of bio-heat transfer, accounting for a relaxation time; allowing for the tissue to have a finite size; and reconstructing five thermally significant dimensional parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As candidate thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs), the structure characteristics and comprehensive properties of monoclinic-prime (m') RETaO 4 (RE = Yb, Lu, Sc) with excellent Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 chemical compatibility are studied. Excellent thermal insulation protection will be provided by m'RETaO 4 due to their low thermal conductivity (∼1.6 W m−1 K−1, 900 °C) and prominent thermal radiation resistance, which is much better than those of YSZ (∼2.5 W m−1 K−1, 1000 °C) and La 2 Zr 2 O 7 (∼2.0 W m−1 K−1, 900 °C). The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) are 3.0–8.0 × 10-6 K−1 (200−1200 °C), which is suitable for T/EBCs applications. Furthermore, absence of phase transition and extraordinary chemical compatibility with Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 up to 1500 °C indicate the potential application prospect. The documented governing mechanisms of m'RETaO 4 properties will enable researchers to promote their application in the future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A characteristic CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based foam ceramic was prepared by melt-foaming with solid wastes as main raw materials. The similarity to sandwich hole wall microstructure of this novel thermal insulating material was presented and the relationships between this unique microstructure and porosity, density, thermal conductivity and strength were discussed. Comparing the measured and theoretical values with that of the traditional foam ceramic, it can be found that, for the matching of fine skeleton with hole wall, this original sandwich structure can reduce thermal conductivity and increase flexural strength effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been found recently in experiments that diamond/lonsdaleite biphase could possess excellent thermal-mechanical properties, implying that the properties of carbon materials can be improved by reasonably designing their internal structures. The mechanism of the excellent performance arising from biphasic structure is still unknown and needs to be revealed. In this paper, we established a series of possible diamond/lonsdaleite biphasic structures and revealed the optimization mechanism of the biphasic structure using first principles calculations. It shows in our ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations that the lonsdaleite cannot exist stably at room temperature, which could explain why pure lonsdaleite can hardly be found or synthesized. Detailed analysis shows that partial slip would occur in the lonsdaleite region if the applied strain is sufficiently large, leading to the transition from biphasic phase to cubic phase. Then, further shear strain would be applied along the hard shear direction of the cubic structure, resulting in an ascent of stress. The results presented could offer an insight into the structural transformation at high temperature and large strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]