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The article focuses on recent excavations of a Roman-era synagogue in Israel's Galilee, revealing elaborate mosaics that challenge long-held beliefs about ancient Jewish life. Topics include the discovery of mosaics depicting biblical scenes, classical art motifs, and potentially historic encounters such as Alexander the Great meeting with the high priest of Jerusalem.

This publication contains reprints of interviews with leading educators on specific topics of interest to social studies educators at the elementary, secondary, and college level. Twelve interviews from the "Looking At" series were selected to be reprinted in this anthology because the topics are still timely and the comments of the educators interviewed are still pertinent and valuable. All interviewees were invited to update their interviews. Some made no revisions at all; in most cases the changes they made were few and minor. Topics include school ethnography, public doublespeak, oral history, back to basics in social studies, reading in the social studies, evaluating values education, local history, citizenship education, staff development, teaching about aging, international education, and teachers' centers. The first interview is on school ethnography and includes a discussion of how ethnographic data can provide careful description and cultural analysis of what is going on in a school. The interview on public doublespeak will be of interest to teachers concerned about honesty and clarity in communication. Oral history is discussed as a teaching method which can be used in the precollegiate study of local history. One interview examines what the back to basics issues meant for social studies educators. It is pointed out that social studies in the elementary schools is not in very good shape because of lack of emphasis on content knowledge. At the secondary level most able students are getting very good programs; however, the average and below average students are being greatly short changed by watered down courses. The back to basics approach will rectify this situation if it results in a reexamination of what the public wants the schools to accomplish and an examination of whether they are actually accomplishing it. (Author/RM)

Fifteen articles (and four synthesis chapters) compare and contrast objectives, practices, and problems of social/political education in the United States, Great Britain, and West Germany. Social/political education is interpreted to include that area of pre-university teaching referred to in the United States most often as social studies or social science education; in England as social science or social studies; and in Germany as political education. An overview, intended to give the reader a synoptic view of the volume, preceeds articles which are presented in four major topical categories. The first section is concerned with the content and theories that underlie social/political education. The second section deals with what is known about the psychological and social makeup of students and with how students learn. The third section describes knowledge and practices related to curriculum development. The final section describes theories of, and knowledge about, how schools are related to society and to social justice. Major themes which run through the chapters are identified in the introductory overview and in the three concluding synthesis chapters. Themes include the extent to which schools are, and should be, institutions for socializing students; the dilemma over whether the major objective of social/political education should be to make students aware of prevailing knowledge, values, and modes of thought in society or to teach students to become responsible adult political activists who work to change and improve society; whether the curriculum should be discipline/subject-oriented or interdisciplinary/problem-centered; and the difficulties faced by educators as a result of the disappearance of authoritative guides to what knowledge is true and what knowledge is most important. A directory of contributors and their affiliations is included. (Author/DB)

Analyses of elementary and secondary social studies textbooks, supplementary materials, and teacher resource materials, all published in 1984 and 1985, are presented. The objective is to provide a review of curriculum materials which will allow K-12 teachers, administrators, curriculum coordinators, and college methods teachers to select appropriate materials for their students, school, and community. Analyses of curriculum materials are divided into sections by grade-level clusters. Thus, the first major section contains analyses of elementary (K-6) social studies materials. The second major section of the book is devoted to secondary (7-12) curriculum materials; 18 new analyses of basal programs are presented with 3 shorter analyses of revised editions. The secondary curriculum materials section concludes with 39 brief descriptions of supplementary materials. These supplementary items include video cassettes, filmstrips, and audio cassettes. Materials appropriate for both elementary and secondary students appear in the elementary section and are cross-referenced in the secondary section. The third section includes 21 short analyses of teacher resource materials. Twenty-four social studies curriculum guides or units, identified through the ERIC system, are described in the fourth section. Indexes are provided for author/editor/developer; grade level; publisher; and subject area. A list of publishers' addresses concludes the publication. (LH)

Vibrio parahaemolyticusis the leading cause of seafood-related foodborne illness globally. In 2018, the U.S. federal, state, and local public health and regulatory partners investigated a multistate outbreak of V. parahaemolyticusinfections linked to crabmeat that resulted in 26 ill people and nine hospitalizations. State and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratories recovered V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonellaspp., and Listeria monocytogenesisolates from crabmeat samples collected from various points of distribution and conducted phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data. Federal, state, and local partners conducted traceback investigations to determine the source of crabmeat. Multiple Venezuelan processors that supplied various brands of crabmeat were identified, but a sole firm was not confirmed as the source of the outbreak. Travel restrictions between the United States and Venezuela prevented FDA officials from conducting on-site inspections of cooked crabmeat processors. Based on investigation findings, partners developed public communications advising consumers not to eat crabmeat imported from Venezuela and placed potentially implicated firms on import alerts. While some challenges limited the scope of the investigation, epidemiologic, traceback, and laboratory evidence identified the contaminated food and country of origin, and contributed to public health and regulatory actions, preventing additional illnesses. This multistate outbreak illustrates the importance of adhering to appropriate food safety practices and regulations for imported seafood.

This study tests 2 competing theoretical models that attempt to understand the roles that broadband Internet plays in society. The linear model posits that the gains or harms introduced by the Internet via narrowband will further increase with the adoption of broadband. On the contrary, the differential gains model proposes that changes stemming from advances to different stages of Internet connection technology should be unique to each technological advance. Findings show that support for these models was contingent upon the domain that each criterion variable represents. For hard engagement, such as political discussion, hard knowledge, and civic participation, there was support for the differential gains model, but for soft engagement, such as informal socializing and soft knowledge, the linear model was supported., Rapid diffusion of the World Wide Web in past decades has prompted a number of scholars and pundits to inquire about the impact this new technology has on society (Norris, [...]

The authors share their design process and craft as footwear design consultants. Topics include the importance of emotion and purpose to a great footwear design, the combination of the two designers' experiences and capabilities to form Schwilliamz, how breast cancer patient Lisa Carlin influenced their designs, and the challenges to any footwear design project.

Self-administered clotrimazole and Lactobacillus acidophilus have shown to be effective alternative therapy in treating the vulvovaginal candidiasis common to women infected with HIV. These results suggest education about such self-care should be offered to HIV-infected women.

Watch- and clock-making began in Geneva, Switzerland, in the 16th century. Over the following three centuries, a number of influential watch- and clock-making firms emerged, including Patek Philippe, Omega and Breguet. Swiss manufacturers dominated the industry for many generations, but began to face competition from Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong in the 1970s. Swatch has played a key role in ensuring that Switzerland retains its strong reputation for high quality clocks and watches.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-3290(98)80032-0 Byline: Ann B. Williams (a), Susan Andrews (b), Karen Tashima (c), JoAnne Mezger (d), Chang Yu (e) Abstract: To better understand factors associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, including the role of immune compromise and patient self-report, a cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with the isolation of yeast from vaginal swabs and clinical diagnosis of Candia vaginitis (CV) among 184 HIV-infected women was conducted Sixty-four (35%) of the women had vaginal swabs positive for yeast. Nineteen (10%) women met the case definition for CV. In a logistic regression model, only CD4 [less than or equal to]100 cells/mm.sup.3 was predictive of CV (odds ratio=4.5; 95% confidence interval=1.0, 20; p=.05). The predictive value of patient self-report of CV was only 12%. This study demonstrates that all HIV-infected women should receive a regular and thorough gynecologic evaluation, regardless of self-reported symptoms. HIV-infected women will benefit from education about prevention and treatment of CV, and women whose CD4 counts are low may wish to consider prophylaxis for CV. Author Affiliation: (a) Yale, School of Nursing. USA (b) Yale AIDS Care Program USA (c) Stanley Street Treatment and Resources Family Health Center. USA (d) Yale School of Nursing. USA (e) Yale School of Nursing USA Article Note: (footnote) * This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute for Nursing Research and the General Clinical Research Center at Yale School of Medicine. The authors thank the women who participated in this study for their concern and contribution to the care of other women living with HIV, and the staff of the Nathan Smith Clinic at Yale New Haven Hospital and the STARR Family Health Center for their invaluable assistance.

Meeting, incentive, convention and exhibition (MICE) business is growing at a faster rate in Asia than in other parts of the world. The main centres of the Asian industry for international customers are Hong Kong and Singapore, with Japan having a good local market. Malaysia and the Philippines are opening new MICE facilities. The effects of the Asian economic crisis on MICE business are not yet fully evident, although there have been fewer Korean visitors to Japanese events and more European and North American buyers are going to Hong Kong to source cheaper products from the surrounding region.

Many drug addicts in Vietnam are HIV-positive despite the fact that they appear to be very knowledgable about HIV infection. A survey of 105 drug addicts entering drug treatment found that almost half of the 88 who were tested for HIV tested positive. Over 80% of the addicts could correctly answer at least 7 out of 10 questions testing their knowledge of HIV infection. Only 28% said they shared needles when injecting drugs. Risk factors for HIV-positivity included a longer history of drug use and previous treatment for drug addiction.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-3290(97)80011-8 Byline: Ann B. Williams Abstract: Exciting advances in basic and clinical science brought a new strategy for antiretroviral therapy and new hope to people living with HIV in 1996. There are now three major categories of antiretroviral agents available for clinical use. All require replicating virus, and none are virucidal. The goal of antiretroviral therapy is a significant and prolonged reduction of the amount of actively replicating HIV (viral load). Carefully chosen combinations of antiretroviral drugs significantly reduce HIV load and are likely to extend life. However, not all patients respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and, for those who do, adjustment to demanding regimens and management of side effects may be difficult. The development of drug resistance is a serious concern, because resistance is associated with rising viral loads and with poorer prognosis in advanced disease.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-3290(97)80040-4 Byline: Ann B. Williams (a), Azin Shahryarinejad (b), Sue Andrews (c), Philip Alcabes (c) Abstract: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify sources of social support for 92 HIV-seropositive mothers and to examine the relationship between social support and initiation of health care after a positive test for HIV antibody. Main outcome measures were selfreported source and amount of social support and length of time between the first positive HIV antibody test and the first visit for HIV care. Results indicated that HIV-infected mothers frequently delay seeking medical care and report attenuated social support networks. A limited program of HIV counseling and testing during pregnancy is unlikely to ensure that they will enter the healthcare system. Author Affiliation: (b) Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, USA (a) Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA (c) New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA

Clinical effectiveness of the new highly active antiretroviral therapies depends in large part on patients ability to adhere to demanding medication regimens because the suboptimal drug levels associated with nonadherence [...]

In 2017 and 2019, five outbreaks of infections from multiple strains of Salmonellalinked to the consumption of whole, fresh Maradol papayas were reported in the United States, resulting in 325 ill persons. Traceback, laboratory, and epidemiologic evidence indicated papayas as the likely vehicle for each of these outbreaks and identified the source of papayas. State and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratories recovered Salmonellafrom papaya samples from various points of distribution, including at import entry, and conducted serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequencing data. Federal and state partners led traceback investigations to determine the source of papayas. Four different suppliers of papayas were linked by traceback and laboratory results to five separate outbreaks of Salmonellainfections associated with papayas. In 2017, multiple states tested papaya samples collected at retail, and Maryland and Virginia investigators recovered strains of Salmonellaassociated with one outbreak. FDA collected 183 papaya samples in 2017, and 11 samples yielded 62 isolates of Salmonella. Eleven serotypes of Salmonellawere recovered from FDA papaya samples, and nine serotypes were closely related genetically by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequencing to clinical isolates of four outbreaks, including the outbreak associated with positive state sample results. Four farms in Mexico were identified, and their names were released to the general public, retailers, and foreign authorities. In 2019, FDA collected 119 papaya samples, three of which yielded Salmonella; none yielded the 2019 outbreak strain. Investigators determined that papayas of interest had been sourced from a single farm in Campeche, Mexico, through traceback. This information was used to protect public health through public guidance, recalls, and import alerts and helped FDA collaborate with Mexican regulatory partners to enhance the food safety requirements for papayas imported from Mexico.

AIDS is now a major cause of death in U.S. women, and an estimated 100,000 are infected with HIV. Are you prepared to identify these patients and address their unique [...]

China's Special Economic Zones (SEZ) are limited free trade regions within the communist state that have greatly boosted the nation's competitiveness. Guangdong province, which has three of the SEZs, has outpaced all other capitalist economies in Southeast Asia. Shenzhen has grown rapidly with trade and new businesses from neighboring Hong Kong, and has a per capita income five times the Chinese average. The relationship between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and its importance in the 1997 Chinese assimilation of Hong Kong are explored.

To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight in Wuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’ professional quality of life.

The tumour suppressor APCis the most commonly mutated gene in colorectal cancer. Loss of Apcin intestinal stem cells drives the formation of adenomas in mice via increased WNT signalling1, but reduced secretion of WNT ligands increases the ability of Apc-mutant intestinal stem cells to colonize a crypt (known as fixation)2. Here we investigated how Apc-mutant cells gain a clonal advantage over wild-type counterparts to achieve fixation. We found that Apc-mutant cells are enriched for transcripts that encode several secreted WNT antagonists, with Notumbeing the most highly expressed. Conditioned medium from Apc-mutant cells suppressed the growth of wild-type organoids in a NOTUM-dependent manner. Furthermore, NOTUM-secreting Apc-mutant clones actively inhibited the proliferation of surrounding wild-type crypt cells and drove their differentiation, thereby outcompeting crypt cells from the niche. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NOTUM abrogated the ability of Apc-mutant cells to expand and form intestinal adenomas. We identify NOTUM as a key mediator during the early stages of mutation fixation that can be targeted to restore wild-type cell competitiveness and provide preventative strategies for people at a high risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Although effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been used for more than two decades, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains prevalent. Thus, whether ART can improve neurocognitive impairment is controversial. This review aims to explore the effects of ART on cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Describes the state of Great Britain at a time when Anglo-Saxon culture was reaching its peak, while also politically challenged by the Vikings. Its king and rulers; Quality and composition of their minted coins; Records of trading centers; Its climate and mortality rate.

The article explores the memorials of World War I in England. It mentions the popularity of the temporary Cenotaph memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in Whitehall which led to its reconstruction in Portland stone. Also described is a sculpture of a soldier in the act of throwing a grenade by Adrian Jones at Bridgnorth, Shropshire. It cites the sculptures within village churches including one which depicts Edward Horner of Mells Manor at the village of Mells, Somerset.

In September 2006, the CDC recommended that the interpretation of 'general consent' for medical care include HIV screening, which eliminated the need for a separate, written consent. Routine baseline prenatal [...]

The theory and practice of a socially based medication adherence intervention that is guided by the educational principles of Paolo Freire are described. The main aim of this approach is to facilitate a self-directed process by which patients identify individual and social factors that influence their success in adherence to medication regimens, which can lead to more effective self-management of medication.

To me, Pot of Gold on Mars looks like a molten meteor that plowed into shallow water and went 'splat' on the bottom (News, September 2004). The stalks with nodules [...]

The goal of the human rights movements is presented. Its aim is to ensure that all the world's people survive and have the opportunity to achieve their full potential.

A qualitative study was conducted using focus group methodology to learn more about the need for education and support for family caregivers of persons living with AIDS (PLWA) in Thailand. The major themes identified were fear, stigma, sorrow, empathy, hopelessness, and hope and the findings will be used to guide the development of a training program for family caregivers.

Nocturia may be a multifactorial condition and should be regarded as a syndrome rather than a diagnosis, with many factors contributing to the clinical presentation. The effects of sleep deprivation can have a severely detrimental impact on the quality of life and productivity of the working age population, with considerable economic implications. Patients are unlikely to seek an appointment with their GP complaining of nocturia – they are more likely to complain of the effects of the condition, such as chronic tiredness, or injuries resulting from falls. The main criterion in deciding whether a patient should undergo further investigations into suspected nocturia is the degree to which the patient finds the condition bothersome. In some patients, lifestyle modifications may be an effective way to manage nocturia before medication is considered. As the only licensed product for all adults including those over 65 years of age, low dose desmopressin (Noqdirna®(as lyophilisate) Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd) is highly effective in the management of idiopathic nocturnal polyuria, producing improvements in clinical symptoms, sleep parameters and quality of life. Care should be administered as a joint enterprise between the patient's GP and colleagues in secondary care. This article outlines the findings of a roundtable discussion into the optimal management of patients with nocturnal polyuria.

Background and Purpose. Therapeutic stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit is used to increase its length and to ameliorate decreased dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), but the influence of age on the passive properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit has not been studied adequately. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness (PES) characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit when stretched through the full, available dorsiflexion ROM. Subjects. Twenty-four younger women (aged 20-39 years), 24 middle-aged women (aged 40-59 years), and 33 older women (aged 60-84 years) participated. Methods. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to passively stretch the right calf muscle-tendon unit from relaxed plantar flexion to the maximal angle of available dorsiflexion at 5 [degrees] [multiplied by] [s.sup.-1]. The maximal passive resistive torque was measured, and passive angle-torque curves were constructed for a full ROM from an initial angle of passive resistive torque to the maximal dorsiflexion angle. The full ROM represented length extensibility. The average PES was calculated for this full stretch ROM and for the first half and the last half of this stretch ROM. The maximal passive dorsiflexion angle, maximal passive resistive torque, angular change for the full stretch ROM, and average PES for the full stretch ROM and the first half and the last half of the full stretch ROM were examined for group differences and their relationships with age. Results. The maximal passive dorsiflexion angle, maximal passive resistive torque, angular change for the full stretch ROM, and average PES within the last half of the full stretch ROM were less for the older women than for the younger women. Age was negatively associated with these variables. Conclusion and Discussion. Decreased maximal passive dorsiflexion ROM in older women was associated with decreased maximal passive resistive torque, decreased calf muscle-tendon unit length extensibility, and decreased average PES within the last half of their available passive dorsiflexion ROM. [Gajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, Williams AK. Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women. Phys Ther. 1999;79:827-838.], Key Words: Aged, Muscles, Passive elastic stiffness, Women. Decreased length of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU), defined as the decrease in dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) with the knee extended, [...]

There's a reason that many people with intellectual disabilities (ID) aren't healthy. Chronic social and healthcare barriers present tremendous challenges for this population to access quality care, learn about healthy [...]