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Immulina is a commercially available extract of Arthrospira platensis enriched with bacterial lipoproteins that acts as a potent Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. However, the immunostimulatory effect of Immulina is not well understood in vivo. Here, to devise an Immulina formulation suitable for in vivo oral gavage dosing, Immulina nanosuspension was prepared and freeze-dried to yield lyophilized nano-Immulina, which had an average particle size of around 300 nm and fully retained the bioactivity as a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. Compared to the regular Immulina powder, lyophilized nano-Immulina notably accelerated the dissolution in aqueous media. Immulina nanosuspension was found to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. The immune response to Immulina was investigated in healthy mice by longitudinally monitoring the phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils as a surrogate marker. Following daily oral ingestion of Immulina nanosuspension (10 mg/mouse/day), the phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils was significantly elevated, suggesting an important mechanism for Immulina to enhance innate immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patent has been issued to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The patent focuses on the role of bacterial antigens, immune responses, and genetic factors in the development of IBD. It highlights the importance of identifying specific antigens and immune responses to tailor treatments for different subtypes of Crohn's disease. The patent provides methods for diagnosing Crohn's disease and determining disease subtypes based on the presence of specific antibodies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles have conducted a study on the role of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in protecting against intestinal inflammation and restricting the development of colonic tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in response to norovirus infection. The study highlights the importance of the immune system, intestinal epithelial barrier, and microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing inflammatory bowel diseases. The findings suggest that targeting the TLR7 signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with specific genetic variants associated with increased susceptibility to colitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida, has explored the use of a targeted fluorescence molecular imaging agent called TLR2L-800 for intraoperative guidance during pancreatic cancer resection surgery. The researchers found that using this imaging agent in real-time fluorescence-guided surgery led to a significant increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with pancreatic cancer. The study demonstrated the potential of TLR2L-800 to improve the attainment of negative surgical margins and increase survival rates in pancreatic cancer patients. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical applications of this imaging agent. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in China explored the role of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in sepsis-induced acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). The researchers found that TLR4 activation led to the destruction of the intestinal mucosa, a decrease in the number and function of Lgr5+ cells and goblet cells, and an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. By inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway, the researchers were able to reduce intestinal inflammation, protect the intestinal mucosa, and alleviate ER stress. These findings suggest that targeting TLR4-mediated ER stress could be a potential therapy for septic AGI. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center explored the effect of IL-26, a protein with antimicrobial properties, on the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in response to Borrelia burgdorferi DNA. The researchers used a cell system to stimulate TLR9 with IL-26-treated B. burgdorferi DNA and observed an increase in NF-kB and IL-8 activation, suggesting enhanced sensing of B. burgdorferi DNA by TLR9. These findings provide insights into the interaction between IL-26 and B. burgdorferi DNA and may lead to further studies in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology in Moscow conducted a study to determine the role of genetic factors, specifically Toll-like receptors (TLR), in the susceptibility of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in individuals infected with HIV. The study involved 317 patients with HIV, divided into two groups: 63 with LTBI and 274 without LTBI. The researchers found no significant differences in TLR gene expression levels between the two groups, and no significant association between TLR gene polymorphisms and LTBI susceptibility. However, they did observe that patients with certain TLR genotypes had lower CD4 T-cell counts. The study concluded that LTBI does not significantly affect TLR gene expression levels in HIV-infected individuals. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application by Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. has been made available online for a microsphere-based drug delivery platform for immunotherapeutic agents. The invention aims to deliver immunotherapeutic agents to target tumors in a controlled manner, reducing off-target toxicity and improving efficacy. The microspheres consist of a biodegradable polymer and an immunotherapeutic agent, such as a poly ADP ribose polymerase enzyme (PARP) inhibitor or a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist. The release of the immunotherapeutic agent from the microspheres can be controlled over a period of 3 to 14 days. The invention also includes methods for delivering the microspheres to solid tumors and kits containing the microspheres. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Naval Medical University in Shanghai, China have conducted a study on the biological impacts of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on inflammation in the intestines of colitis mouse models. The study found that TLR2 deficiency exacerbated intestinal injury caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and attenuated cell cycle signaling. The researchers also observed notable variations in gut microbiota composition between wild-type and TLR2-knockout colitis mice. The findings suggest that TLR2 plays a protective role in DSS-triggered colitis and that its deficiency worsens intestinal injury through a Marinifilaceae-dependent mechanism. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood circulation and its connection to various disease conditions. The study focuses on the body's natural defense mechanism, which involves the rapid degradation and inactivation of LPS by reticuloendothelial cells in the liver. However, this clearance mechanism is not perfect, and excessive LPS can cause systemic inflammatory damage. The research aims to provide a foundation for future studies that could lead to innovative approaches for enhancing the body's ability to clear LPS and reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, researchers have found that hypoxia, a condition characterized by low oxygen levels, selectively targets the production of interferon (IFN) in response to certain pathogen-derived molecular patterns. The study showed that under hypoxic conditions, IFN secretion was reduced, but the capacity to produce IFN remained intact. The researchers also identified hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and specific regulators, such as lactate and TGF-beta, that contribute to the blockage of IFN secretion. These findings suggest that the immune response to pathogens can be finely tuned in hypoxic conditions through a combination of soluble factors and cell contact-dependent mechanisms. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06612593, is being conducted to explore the potential of cilostazol in improving the clinical outcome of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a common neurodegenerative disease that currently has no treatments that modify disease progression. Cilostazol has shown promising effects in animal studies, suggesting it may have disease-modifying properties. The trial will assess PD symptoms, cognitive impairment, and quality of life in patients after treatment with cilostazol. PD affects about 1% of the elderly population worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to increase in the future. The cause of PD is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. Current treatments only alleviate symptoms, and cilostazol is being investigated as a potential treatment option. The trial is not yet recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by October 2025. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at the University of Buenos Aires explores the role of inflammation in myelofibrosis, a condition characterized by the scarring of bone marrow. The study focuses on two molecules, HMGB1 and S100A8/A9, which are released during cell death or damage and trigger an immune response. The researchers found that levels of these molecules were elevated in myelofibrosis patients and correlated with systemic inflammation and adverse clinical features. They also discovered that monocytes, a type of white blood cell, were hyperactivated in these patients and played a role in promoting inflammation. The study suggests that these molecules could serve as biomarkers for disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Penn College of Optometry in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania have presented new data on allergic conjunctivitis, a condition characterized by changes to the ocular surface due to pro-allergic and pro-inflammatory mediators interacting with receptors on immune and nonimmune cells. Traditional treatments provide relief, but there is a need for more effective and tolerable long-term therapy. The researchers discuss the development of novel therapeutic receptor agonists and antagonists that target various receptors to provide alternative treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis. These approaches show promise for improving the management of allergic eye diseases and offering safer and more effective treatment options in the future. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis explores the interaction between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system acts as the body's initial defense mechanism, detecting pathogens and initiating rapid responses. The adaptive immune system, on the other hand, provides specific and sustained killing of pathogens through B cells, T cells, and antibodies. The study reveals that the relationship between these two immune systems is more complex than previously assumed, with synergistic roles in physiological and pathological contexts. The researchers also discuss the regulation of both immune systems and highlight the importance of understanding their interactions in the fight against immune-related diseases. The study concludes by summarizing the challenges and future directions in the field of immunity, including advancements in single-cell sequencing technologies, CAR-T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, explores a new immunotherapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. The researchers developed a bacterial nanomotor called Bif@PBi-R, which delivers bismuth-based nanoparticles carrying R848 specifically to the tumor area to activate anti-tumor immunotherapy. The nanomotor enhances the efficacy of photothermal therapy and boosts the anti-tumor immune response. When combined with laser irradiation, the nanomotor promotes the maturation of dendritic cells, resulting in a potent anti-tumor effect. This research provides valuable insights into the development of new treatments for breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the molecular Toll pathway repertoire in anopheline mosquitoes, focusing on its role in innate immunity and vector competence for vector-borne diseases such as malaria. The Toll pathway is a major regulator of innate immunity in insects, controlling the transcription of immune effectors and mediating immune responses against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and malaria parasites. However, the molecular makeup and function of the Toll pathway in mosquitoes are largely unexplored. The study provides annotated gene models of Toll-like receptors and components of the intracellular signal transduction cascade in anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, shedding light on the evolution of these pathways. Please note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology explores the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in bone resorption, particularly in inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors expressed in immune cells, and they play a crucial role in recognizing microbial components and initiating inflammatory immune responses. The study found that various TLR ligands induce osteoclast differentiation, leading to bone resorption. The researchers conclude that understanding TLR-mediated osteoclast differentiation can provide insights into the development of treatments for inflammatory bone diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract discusses the combination of toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonism and PD-1 blockade in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The study used a unique clinical trial to investigate the mechanism of action of this combination therapy. The results showed that patients receiving dual TLR8 agonism and anti-PD-1 blockade exhibited increased expression of innate immune effector genes and cytokines, as well as increased densities of mature dendritic cells and CD8+ T-cells. Responders also showed increased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte densities and expanded populations of CXCL13+CD8+ T-cells. This study provides insights into the immune targeting of HNSCC patients using TLR8 agonism and anti-PD-1 blockade. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Medical University of Lublin in Poland explored the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The study included 60 newly diagnosed, untreated gastric cancer patients and 25 healthy volunteers. The researchers found that the expression levels of TLR-2, -3, -4, and -9 varied depending on the stage of the disease, clinical subtype, and gender of the patients. These findings suggest that TLRs may have diagnostic and therapeutic significance in gastric cancer, but further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action. [Extracted from the article]

Gilead Sciences Inc. has been issued a patent for thienopyrrole compounds that act as antagonists for toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These receptors play a role in the immune response and are associated with autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. The compounds have potential therapeutic applications in treating diseases such as lupus and inflammatory bowel disease. The patent includes claims for the compounds themselves, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of inhibiting TLR7/8/9 activity and treating associated diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) highlights the critical role of keratinocytes in the human epidermis and their involvement in both innate and adaptive cutaneous immune responses. Keratinocytes serve as a barrier between the internal and external environment and play a crucial role in maintaining skin integrity. They secrete pro-inflammatory markers and signaling molecules, recruit inflammatory cells, and activate T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response. Understanding these interactions can lead to the development of more effective therapies for managing various skin diseases. The study also discusses the genetic defects in keratinocytes that underlie conditions like psoriasis and the role of neuro-endocrinal signaling and interventions in maintaining homeostasis. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, recent studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a role in the tumorigenesis of various cancers, including breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed significantly lower levels of TLR9 in breast cancer tumors compared to normal breast tissue. Additionally, downregulation of TLR9 was observed in transformed breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression of TLR9 led to reduced proliferation of breast cancer cells and activation of senescence. These findings suggest that TLR9 may have a regulatory role in mitigating breast cancer and highlight its connection between the inflammatory response and tumor immunity. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, a study investigated the effects of metadichol, a nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols, on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cancer cell lines. TLRs play critical roles in recognizing pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, and their presence in various cancer cells has been associated with cancer progression and immune evasion. The study found that metadichol can modulate TLR expression in a cancer cell type-specific manner, with TLR4 being upregulated in lung cancer cells and downregulated in other cancer lines. Additionally, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were upregulated in certain cell lines. The study suggests that metadichol has potential in treating complex diseases involving multiple pathways, such as cancer, chronic inflammatory pathways, and infectious diseases. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint study investigated the effects of metadichol, a nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols, on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in various cancer cell lines. TLRs play critical roles in recognizing pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns and have been associated with cancer progression and immune evasion. The study found that metadichol can modulate TLR expression in a cancer cell type-specific manner, with TLR4 being upregulated in lung cancer cells and downregulated in other cancer lines. Additionally, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were upregulated in certain cell lines. The study suggests that metadichol has potential in treating complex diseases involving multiple pathways, such as cancer, chronic inflammatory pathways, and infectious diseases. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

The article from Biruni University provides new insights into pancreatitis. Topics include the impact of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in acute non-biliary pancreatitis patients; significant findings related to TLR4 Rs4986790 gene polymorphism; and the lack of significant differences in clinical parameters between TLR4 Rs4986791 and TLR2 groups.

The article focuses on a patent application for a novel combination therapy to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Topics include the use of TLR8 modulating compounds to enhance immune response, the incorporation of anti-HBV siRNA therapeutics, and the addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to improve treatment efficacy.

The article focuses on research from the Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research investigating the hypersensitivity of the TLR4 pathway in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Topics include the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in overactivating the TLR4 pathway, elevated expression levels of TLR4, NFkB, and TNFa in CSOM patients compared to healthy controls, and the impact of LPS treatment on these gene expressions.

The article focuses on the relationship between genetic variations in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene and the risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in the Saudi population. Topics include the association of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ALL risk, significant differences in genotype frequencies for certain SNPs, and the potential for these genetic markers to aid in developing screening tools and risk prediction strategies for the disease.

Recent reports implicate both the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori within the human gastrointestinal tract and H. pylori in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma. We postulated that adherence of bacterial ligands to host receptors initiates colonization of the live fluke by H. pylori and here we aimed to assess the molecular interaction between O. viverrini and H. pylori by investigating host receptors for H. pylori in the fluke. Several known receptors of H. pylori including Lewis B, sialyl-Lewis X, Toll-like receptor 4 and L-fucose were detected immunohistochemically and histochemically by focusing analysis on the gut epithelium and tegument of the adult stage of the fluke. The frequency of detection of Lewis B, sialyl-Lewis X, TLR4 and L-fucose in 100 individual worms was 3, 3, 19 and 70%, respectively. Detection of H. pylori by a diagnostic ureA gene-based PCR assay revealed the presence of H. pylori in individual O. viverrini worms in 41 of 49 (79%) worms examined. In addition, numbers of bacteria decreased in a dose- and time-dependent fashion following exposure to fucosidase. These findings suggested that L-fucose represents a tractable receptor for H. pylori that can mediate bacterial colonization of the gut of O. viverrini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted at Stanford University has developed a saponin-based nanoparticle platform that incorporates Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) as adjuvants for vaccines. These adjuvants have shown to induce unique immune responses and improve the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates in mice. The research suggests that this modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform could enhance vaccine design and development for various diseases. The study provides valuable insights into the potential application of these adjuvant constructs in improving vaccine efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Michigan explored the impact of extracellular histones and the absence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on cardiac dysfunction. The researchers found that in polymicrobial sepsis, extracellular histones released from activated neutrophils contribute significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Through various assessments, including ECG and Echo-Doppler studies, the study revealed that histone perfusion caused defects in contractility and relaxation in mouse hearts. The findings suggest that histones, particularly H1, could be potential therapeutic targets for septic cardiomyopathy. Further research is needed to explore the specific interactions between histones and TLRs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Zhengzhou University in China explored the relationship between dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cell response in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The researchers focused on toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their potential modulation of DC function. The study found that TLR4 and TLR2 activation induced DC maturation and reduced the ratio of regulatory T to T-helper 17 cells, exacerbating neuroinflammation and ICH outcomes. In contrast, TLR9 promoted DC maturation and had opposite effects on regulatory T/T-helper 17 balance, neuroinflammation, and ICH outcomes. The study suggests that targeting TLR-mediated effects on DCs could provide new strategies for treating ICH. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Mosul in Iraq highlights the role of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) as potential biomarkers in breast cancer patients. The study found significantly higher concentrations of IL-22 in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. However, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of TLR-2 between patients and controls. These findings suggest that IL-22 may have diagnostic and prognostic value in breast cancer, while TLR-2 may not be a reliable biomarker. Further research is needed to explore the potential of IL-22 as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science in Japan have conducted a study on the effects of synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand molecules on pulpal immunomodulatory response and repair after injuries. The study found that low concentrations of synthetic CpG-ODN solutions may stimulate a long-lasting pro-inflammatory response in the dental pulp, rather than an anti-inflammatory response, which can modulate the repair process and hard tissue formation. Further research is needed to explore the effects of current immunomodulatory agents and develop treatment strategies for dental tissue regeneration. This information is available in the journal article "Effects of Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand Molecules on Pulpal Immunomodulatory Response and Repair after Injuries" published in Biomolecules. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Combined Agonist Adjuvant For Coronavirus Vaccine" has been published online. The inventors highlight the need for vaccines that can provide robust and long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The patent application describes an immunogenic composition that includes a nanoemulsion, an agonist of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and/or an agonist of a toll-like receptor (TLR), and a coronavirus vaccine. The composition aims to induce an immune response against the coronavirus and generate neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. The patent application provides various methods of administering the immunogenic composition to induce an immune response in a subject. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Peucedanol (PEU) in treating sepsis. The study found that PEU had moderate binding to certain pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and significantly reduced inflammation in both cell and mouse models. The anti-inflammatory effects of PEU were independent of the TLR4/myD88/NF-kB pathway and also improved the imbalance of intestinal flora in sepsis. However, it is important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression. Topics include the assessment of TLR expression levels in SCC patients versus healthy controls, the correlation between TLR levels and disease stage and survival, and the potential for TLRs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Breast cancer is a significant global issue, ranking as the second most common cancer among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Factors such as genetics, epigenetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated in its causes. The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is known for its role in inflammation and innate immunity, but its specific involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis requires further investigation. A systematic review of existing literature on TLR9 expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue found variable expressions of TLR9 mRNA and protein, highlighting the need for further research to clarify its role in breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Pecs investigated the role of Toll-like receptor homologue CD180 in the upregulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signature in B cells in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). The researchers found that CD180 stimulation increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in dcSSc B cells. They also observed elevated expression of IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1) in non-switched memory B cells producing natural autoantibodies in dcSSc patients. The study suggests that factors other than IFN-alpha may contribute to the elevated IFN-I signature in dcSSc B cells, with CD180 activation being a possible candidate. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Iran explored the potential of miRNA 206 (MIR-206) as a treatment for melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. The study aimed to determine the effect of MIR-206 on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in melanoma cells. The results showed that MIR-206 decreased the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the melanoma cell line, suggesting its potential as a tumor suppressor and a new treatment option for melanoma. The researchers concluded that MIR-206 gene therapy could offer advantages over chemotherapy, such as reduced cytotoxicity and invasiveness. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First People's Hospital in Guiyang, China, explored the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 7 (CASC7) in liver injury induced by sepsis. The researchers found that CASC7 was significantly increased in patients with sepsis-induced liver injury compared to healthy controls, and its upregulation was associated with liver injury in mice. Knockdown of CASC7 reduced liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice and inhibited LPS-induced cell apoptosis. The study also identified microRNA-217 (miR-217) as a target of CASC7 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a target of miR-217, suggesting that CASC7 contributes to liver injury through the miR-217/TLR4 axis. [Extracted from the article]