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The article explores supercomputing/high-performance computing (HPC) in Latin America. HPC is beginning to impact economies and societies worldwide, largely do to the Internet and artificial intelligence. Topics discussed include how Latin American countries still lag behind others in terms of their investment in HPC, a closer look at HPC in Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay, and a look at supercomputers located throughout Latin America, including the Santos Dumont supercomputer in Brazil.

The article examines alleged shortcomings of scientific communication with society at large during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author contrasts communication with the general public with research dissemination as well as criticizing the level of science education among the public and postulating the interdisciplinary knowledge of the scientific community allegedly required for effective pandemic response

An editorial is offered on the alleged differences between scientific disagreement and scientific skepticism within public discourse and policy making with a focus on the adoption of science-driven policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The history of scientific falsifiability is outlined as well as the social function of science in allegedly ameliorating uncertainty.

The article explores interdisciplinary science. Particular focus is given to how it can be used to solve complex, global problems. Additional topics discussed include problems to be solved including coastline pollution from overpopulation in Florida and the effects of climate change around the globe, the importance of evidence-based solutions to problems and the benefits of collaboration and interdependence.

The article reports on the free collaborative knowledgebase, Wikidata. It mentions its aim in addressing information contradictions through establishing methods for data management in the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. It notes that both web resources allow users to edit and expand stored data in the absence of an account. It also points out its role as a valued resource used in all fields of culture, science and technology while devoting itself toward a world wherein people can share their knowledge.

The article discusses the interrelationships between science and technology in the 21st century society. Topics include isolating the understanding of the effects of engineering from the conceptualization about technology; and sources of energy of nature for the use and convenience of man from of the British Institution Civil Engineers.

An interview with sociologist Hilary Rose and neuroscientist Steven Rose, who are principal founders of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science in the late 1960s, is presented. Among the issues they discussed include the radical science initiatives they have done around Palestine and Israel, the state of their collaborative research with Palestinian and Israel universities and states, and how they see the left or the radicals and their relationship with science.

Se presenta una entrevista con Juan Tonda Mazón en la que se expresa sus puntos de vistas sobre el rolde la ciencia en la sociedad, importancia del divulgador de la ciencia y importancia del divulgador de la ciencia. Además, educación complementaria de la ciencia para la sociedad.

The article discusses how the human impetus to surpass evolutionary limits through the development of tools distinguishes people from other animals. Topics include how humans evolved in small nomadic groups in the savanna, how different primate species practice sexual and social monogamy, and how humans have an area of the cortex which specializes in facial recognition. Additional information is presented on the achievements of science and how humans use technology and research to increase intellectual and physical capacities.

In this article the authors discuss how some errors in research result in a remaking of science. They argue that not all research errors have an equal impact on science, noting a number of instances in which an incorrect idea proved to more potent than ideas that were narrowly correct or trivially mistaken. They add that these kinds of errors are productive mistakes that communicate fundamental features of the world, prompting further research that leads to scientific breakthroughs. Topics include how mistakes push scientific understanding, examples of some famous scientific mistakes, such as physicist Niels Bohr's atomic model, and advances in quantum information theory as a result of flaws in a faster-than-light telegraph developed in the 1980s by a vagabond physicist.

The article discusses biodiversity loss due to human action, noting the human history of killing other species and the accelerated pace of such destruction in contemporary times. Humans are said to have become the driving force in the evolution of species. Statistics are reported on the number of threatened species including 10 percent of birds, 20 percent of mammals, and a third of all amphibians. Future stresses on biodiversity associated with climate change are noted, with commentary on likely extinctions quoted from researchers Chris Thomas and David Jablonski.

This article discusses efforts to restore the reputation of Fritz Zwicky, an astrophysicist whose work identified dark matter, gravitational lensing, neutron stars, and supernovas. The efforts of Zwicky's daughter Barbarina Zwicky to restore her father's reputation, which several of his colleagues have maligned, are described.

The article explains how neuroscientist Miguel A. L. Nicolelis plans to bring prosperity to Brazil by spreading science centers throughout the country. Nicolelis believes that through infusing intellectuals and the economic prosperity associated with technological centers, Brazil will become a more stable nation.

The article presents a section entitled "The Science of Romance" on topics such as matchmaking websites, gay couples, and love letters.

The article discusses reality and its significance to mankind and science. An example of an over-reaching and precise physical theory is scientist Albert Einstein's magnificent general theory of relativity which improves upon the accurate Newtonian theory of gravity. In the behavior of the solar system, Newton's theory is precise to something like one part in 107. Einstein's theory has become relevant when gravitational fields get large.

The article presents an analysis of the concept of innovation as it relates to computer science. According to the author, 90% percent of innovative initiatives fail. The author discusses what it takes to help make a valuable technological innovation become widely used and beneficial. It is the authors view that with practice, one can become a more competent innovator. Various innovations practices are discussed. It is suggested that all innovation need not be unusual, good, big, fast or radical.

The article presents a speech by Martin C. Jischke, president of Purdue University, delivered at the Lafayette, Indiana Rotary in Lafayette, Indiana on January 24, 2006. He describes the future society -- dominated by science, engineering, technology and education. Convergence of these fields is taking place. He also provides information on the nanoscale project being done by Purdue University.

You have made it to the final few pages of the last New Scientist issue of the year, so it is time to test whether you have been paying attention to the science stories that truly matter. You will find the answers to all of these questions in stories we have published this year – but how many can you get without cheating? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasts the future of computers in the wireless world. Example of a high-school senior who claims to use his cell phone more than his computer; Comparison of the global sales figures for cellphones and those of computers; Speculation about the mobile handset becoming the next computer; Comments from Jeff Hawkins, inventor of the Palm Pilot, who sees a future where people own cellphones, and not computers; Description of the smart phone offered by Palm One called the Treo 600; Percentage of the overall mobile phone market attributable to smart phones in 2004; Indication that the teenagers of Asia are driving the technology market; Speculation about future cellphone features, including satellite TV.

Focuses on the potential of unused portions of the radio spectrum to be used in wireless communications and access to the Internet. Example of BT Group PLC, a British telephone company, to provide Internet access to northern cities in Northern Ireland; Amount of venture investments in new wireless networking technologies known as WiMax, Mobile-Fi, ZigBee and Ultrawideband, according to estimates of Rutberg & Co.; When products based on these technologies are expected to be offered to consumers, making the Web accessible anywhere and at anytime.

A nonbusiness discipline can provide a useful framework for thinking about old problems in new ways. People who study management, for instance, freely borrow from many fields of science to theorize about organizational behavior and business strategy. Evolutionary psychology and biology are especially popular sources of inspiration. But should they be? Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins has spent much of his career explaining science to the public. More than 20 years ago, his book The Selfish Gene shattered the popular belief that evolution necessarily favors altruism and self-sacrifice. In a conversation with HBR senior editor Diane Coutu, Dawkins discusses the role of science in our lives and identifies some of the more glaring public misperceptions of scientific theories. In particular, he disentangles the current notion that certain behaviors are in some way preprogrammed and explodes some contemporary myths about the Human Genome Project. Dawkins says much of the popular fear surrounding genetic manipulation is unfounded. "Humans have been practicing it for thousands of years, to no obvious ill effect," he says. Modem foot-long corncobs, the result of more than 1,000 years of artificial selection, are "quite Frankenstein-like" compared to their half-inch-long progenitors, he points out. He also touches on agriculture giant Monsanto and the media: "Part of the reason for Monsanto's troubles is that the company came up against an extraordinary amount of unfortunate, even malevolent, media hype," he says. "And people were more or less misled, by one scare story after another, into stampeding." A staunch defender of science as a haven of rational thought, Dawkins counsels businesspeople to recognize the limitations--as well as the beauty--of science. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the 100th anniversary of quantum theory discovered by physicist Max Planck. Opinion that the discovery was a scientific revolution based on its impact on human understanding of the world; Information on Planck and the search that led him to quantum theory; His commitment to scientific principles of his time; Opinion that he should be celebrated as a scientist and not a revolutionary.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses several topics including sociologist and deputy director for science and society at the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Alondra Nelson, scientists and community engagement, scientific cooperation, and artificial intelligence.

The article offers information on several topics related to social change, Gospel reading and Jewish law and traditions. Topics discussed include role of science for radical social change such as freeing women from the necessity of pregnancy, sex and reproduction; distractions in Gospel reading; and also mentions about the Pope Francis' trip to Africa.

The article, adapted from an essay published in the magazine "Aeon," discusses forgeries of artifacts related to medieval Islamic science. Topics include the selling of fake miniatures depicting Muslim scientists, the social context of science in medieval Islamic societies, and the relationship of the forgeries to education about the history of science and Islam.

The article discusses the notion of open science in relation to inequality in science, technology, engineering, and medicine (STEM) disciplines. Topics include the role of transparency in open science, social barriers to open science in relation to social status, and the funding of open-access publications.

Presents a speech by T. K. Smith, vice president and director of government and public affairs at the Dow Chemical Co., delivered at a Symposium of the American Chemical Society Eighteenth Central Regional Meeting at Bowling Green University in Ohio on June 3, 1986. Reason the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ordered an immediate emergency suspension of some agricultural use of the pesticide ethylene dibromide in 1983; Example of how public policy has been devoted to concern about the impact of science upon society.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in earlier issues of the journal "Communications of the ACM." Comment on an article written by Herb Grosch, President of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), which clearly depicts his understanding regarding the relationship between science and society; Appreciation of a resolution approved by the ACM Council which resolves that the ACM will not cooperate with or co-sponsor any meetings to be held in the Soviet Union; Need for defining a "core" of basic knowledge that everyone claiming computer-related expertise should be conversant with.

Explores how scientific conclusions can be influenced by social and political situations. The history of criticism of science; How the criticism and the response from scientists has moderated in the 1990s; The type of extraneous factors which led to erroneous findings; Examples of research which were externally influenced, including conception, primatology, ornamentation, and cosmology; The Hubble constant debate; Concerns for the credibility of science.

Presents brief articles relating to science and society, as of March 1, 1986. Efforts of the U.S. President Ronald Reagan administration to reposition the Strategic Defense Initiative; Drop in federal outlays and commitments for research and development as a result of the Gramm-Rudman Act's budget-cutting procedure; Refusal by Cornell University to accept a grant of $10 million from the Federal Government for a supercomputer; How a three-dimensional map of part of the universe, constructed by astronomers, is changing ideas about the birth of the cosmos; Others

Considers the reasons for governmental support for scientific research. Report that the U.S. government is the largest supporter of basic scientific research; Boost of funding for research and development under the Reagan administration; Goals of the Administration to help the U.S. to compete militarily with the U.S.S.R. and to compete economically with Japan; Question of why a society should support the work of its scientists; Claim that utilitarian goals remained the dominant justification for research until the mid-19th century; Need to emphasize the ideal of pure science.

Presents a speech by the president of Stone Forest Industries Inc. delivered to the Society of American Foresters in Albuquerque, New Mexico on November 12, 1996 about the environmentalists' promotion of false science. Alleged irreversibility of any human damage inflicted upon nature; Global warming; Ozone depletion; Air pollution.

Several letters are presented commenting on the articles "Center-Pivot Irrigation," by William E. Splinter, published in the June 1976 issue, "Science and the Citizen," by John G. Younger, published in the August 1976 issue and "The Curvature of Space in a Finite Universe," by J.J. Callahan, published in the August 1976 issue.

The battle for supremacy in international markets hinges on the technological prowess of the corporate competitors. American companies have been losing this battle in recent years, and the U.S. economy has suffered as a consequence. Ironically, American multinationals frequently have access to the overseas research and development, as well as other innovative resources, necessary to produce major technological innovations, but they have not developed or used these resources as much as they should have. The authors of this article explore the weaknesses of American companies' international innovation efforts and offer guidance for making better use of existing resources. Their analysis is based on interviews with more than 50 U.S., European, and Japanese managers of multinationals. It is also based on a mail survey of 240 corporations around the world and on data covering 100 foreign-based R&D investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the changing definitions of pure and applied science on account of political interference as opposed to the definitions put forth by practicing scientists. Hysteria of the U.S. towards conquering cancer; Questions over whether the cancer institutes are a result of humanitarian feelings or there are monetary gains attached to it; Cancer money is both the easiest to obtain and the most difficult to choke off and that it is better to do dull science than no science at all; Questions whether researchers derive their motivation from attempting to solve an intellectual puzzle; Emphasis on attempts to create an organizational framework which strongly encourages, the development of research groups of some 10-50 scientists, all of whose research focuses on the fundamental molecular biology of higher cells.

This article presents a brief information on social conditions of the U.S. Robert Lipsyte, that most perceptive sociologist who masquerades as a sports columnist for "The New York Times," says of the "Super Sixties" that "we won't know what really happened until the films are developed." That, of course, is true, but the end of a decade confronts editorial writers with art irresistible temptation to comment on the decade that has come to an end, if not to speculate on the one that lies ahead. The week between Christmas and New Year's is traditionally a time of scientific and scholarly meetings, at which in past years, chose to discuss, were safely bounded by their specialties. But times have changed. The shift could be noted in 1968, and it was accelerated in 1969. Technical papers still dominated, but at major conventions, such as the one held in Boston, Massachusetts, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the relation of science to society, and the social responsibilities of scientists, generated the most excitement.

The article presents information on demand for science in the Great Britain. The demand for electricity in Great Britain has doubled every nine or ten years since 1900, in other words, it has increased at about 8 per cent compound interest for more than sixty years. Such doubling and redoubling in equal intervals of time is termed by mathematicians and scientists an exponential growth. The number of practicing scientists in the world seems to double every ten years or so. In fact, of all the scientists who have ever lived, three-quarters are alive and practicing their today.

The article discusses the issue of whether business or government has the responsibility to create social change. History has shown that government action involving business is often caused by social change created by technological innovation. Responsible businesses must accept the fact that their technological developments cause social change, and that social change will inevitably result in some form of government action if business does not take the responsibility. Therefore, management must expand its responsibility to include awareness of the social change it creates and make the effort to think beyond the economic to meet the problems of social change.

The article attempts to answer U.S. communities' basic questions of whether they should establish a scientific complex and if so, how would they go about doing it. The authors also try to set forth the ways in which businessmen can help these community developments. They finally lay out a few guidelines for community action with respect to scientific complexes. Scientific complexes have one or more of these three major elements: science-based industrial research and development laboratories, colleges and universities, and federal government research facilities. The authors focus primarily with the three-element complex, which have industry, universities, and government laboratories, and industry-university complex because these two are subject to a greater degree of community planning. The community areas studied include Boston, Massachusetts; Palo Alto, California; and Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The article focuses on the social impact of technology and the outlook for a second industrial revolution in the United States. According to Andrew Hacker, man's mobility, mechanization, and privatization in a technological society results in a middle-middle class of professionals who do not significantly participate in the political process. The theory of Paul Tillich is discussed in relation to mobile executives and the tension between free growth and disciplined direction. Topics include the influence of mass media on materialism, the stabilizing force of kinship and group affiliation in American society, reconsideration of the national ideals and purpose, and the economic rivalry between the U.S. and Russia.

The article mentions Judeo-Christian ethics, the current state of the human condition, and the cultural, spiritual, and political crisis in the world. Community and justice systems in a liberal society should be based on the ideas that man has dignity in and of himself, not only in a social or political context, that a law of love exists, and that self-love and self-interest should be accepted as constant forces. Topics include spiritual values, the extension of science, the influence of utopianism on American culture, competition in a democracy, and the suggestion that Christian faith can solve the "ultimate" questions posed by civilization.

The article discusses six books pertaining to the management of research. "Research in Industry" is from the Industrial Research Institute Inc. "The Organization of Industrial Scientific Research" is by C. E. Kenneth Mees and John A. Leemakers. "The Genius of Industrial Research" is by David H. Killeffer. "The Co-ordination of Motive, Men and Money in Industrial Research" is by D. H. Voorhies. "Industrial Research" is by Francis Russell Bichowsky. "The Social Function of Science" is by John D. Bernal and was published in 1939.

The article focuses on the practical application of scientific research that contributes to socioeconomic progress. Historically, the motivation for scientific investigation or pure science has been its potential for practical benefits. Examples of differing degrees of empiricism--or trial-and-error learning without a guiding conceptual scheme--are in the fields of optics, chemotherapy, acoustics and mechanics, chemistry, and metallurgy and automotive engineering. Topics include the idea that business executives will benefit from interdisciplinary education or at least some courses in science and technology, three reasons for recognizing the degree of empiricism, and an overview of the "new philosophy" or pure science which began in the 17th century.

The article discusses the relationship between science and industry, with focus given to new innovations that are yet to emerge in business administration. According to the author, the principles of science which are at the base of all real industry are not apparent in either times of great business activity or of deep depression. Science is necessary for the growth of business as illustrated by several examples from the early 1900's. Drawing on the philosophy of Sir Francis Bacon, the author explains how business administration grows more in importance with the growth of science products.

The power of science for good and for evil has troubled many minds. The aim of this article is to show that the parts of civilization make a whole: to display the links which give society its coherence. In particular, the author wants to show the place of science in the canons of conduct which it has still to perfect. Science is full of useful inventions. These inventions have been directed by social needs. Yet it was not their usefulness which dominated and set light to the minds of those who made them. All the discoveries of science, all works of art, are explorations of a hidden likeness. This is the act of creation, in which an original thought is born, and it is the same act in original science and original art.

The article reports that the Max Planck Society for the Promotion of Science in West Germany is finding new ways to promote scientific cooperation among all West European countries. The history of the research organization is provided. Examples of the society's discoveries are discussed, including plasma-ionized gas and crystallization of yeast fatty acid synthetase. Also discussed is the society's role in the effort to unify European science through the exchange of information, financing and personnel.

The article highlights developments and discoveries related to science. The U.S. and European groups of physicists have described the independent identification of the particle known as the anti-xi minus. U.S. House Committee on Science and Astronautics' scientific advisers has protested the secrecy under which the Department of Defense has been proceeding with the plans to launch a geodetic satellite. An exhibit gallery of human ancestry has come in Kenya.

The article focuses on the contributions of science in promoting technological innovations. It was stated that science is most likely to flourish in a society which educates members and gives free rein to the curiosity of individuals. The encouragement of science will narrow in its view if it does not offer rewarding careers to innovators and inventors..

The article explores trusting scientific claims and justifying the use of scientific knowledge in making difficult decisions. It describes the importance of the methods by which scientific claims are evaluated, as well as the process of examination. It also discusses the involvement of a large number of scientists in verifying such claims.