Search

This letter showcases advancements in metallic array antennas tailored for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications, supported by novel highly compact unbalanced dividers conceived in ridge gap waveguide technology. This innovative approach streamlines the feeding network by enabling high-weight-ratio dividers without adding design complexity. The study presents an 8 × 8 Ka-band antenna array employing Taylor amplitude tapering and featuring a compact corporate-fed design that effectively mitigates coupling effects between the feeding network and radiating elements. Experimental results highlight promising characteristics, boasting a matching better than $-$10 dB across the entire band of interest [(29 to 31) GHz] and secondary lobes below $-$20 dB while achieving a radiation efficiency exceeding 82%.

ABSTRACTStudies on planning have traditionally exposed how institutional participation opposes informal modes of participation. But do activists have to choose between the two? Suggesting that there is a grey-zone, recent work has focused on the distinct paths that individuals take to engage in civic life. We argue that strategies that involves both civil society-led and traditional approaches may help defend planning options, especially for those not considered in formal decision-making in local planning. In what ways can the interrelation of traditional and non-traditional modes of participation help bring forth new ideas? Building on a case study of urban activists tackling issues regarding cycling in Québec City (Québec, Canada), we observed how they connect planning with different modes of participation. Activists take part in the debate on urban planning through institutional platforms, demonstrating their desire to be recognized. Also, they take actions to increase the legitimacy of alternative modes of mobility.

Traumatic brachial plexus injuries (TBPIs) are debilitating and complex to treat. The last five decades have seen advances in surgical management, and consequently improved functional outcomes in patients with these injuries. There is limited data available describing the outcomes of surgically managed TBPIs within the South African context. This study aimed to identify the common causes of injury, injury characteristics, and functional outcomes of surgically managed patients with TBPIs.

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have delivered high response rates (>95%) and simplified the management of HCV treatment, permitting non-specialists to manage patients without advanced liver disease. We collected and reviewed global data on the registration and reimbursement (government subsidised) of HCV therapies, including restrictions on reimbursement. Primary data collection occurred between Nov 15, 2021, and July 24, 2023, through the assistance of a global network of 166 HCV experts. We retrieved data for 160 (77%) of 209 countries and juristrictions. By mid-2023, 145 (91%) countries had registered at least one of the following DAA therapies: sofosbuvir–velpatasvir, sofosbuvir–velpatasvir–voxilaprevir, glecaprevir–pibrentasvir, sofosbuvir–daclatasvir, or sofosbuvir. 109 (68%) countries reimbursed at least one DAA therapy. Among 102 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), 89 (87%) had registered at least one HCV DAA therapy and 53 (52%) reimbursed at least one DAA therapy. Among all countries with DAA therapy reimbursement (n=109), 66 (61%) required specialist prescribing, eight (7%) had retreatment restrictions, seven (6%) had an illicit drug use restriction, five (5%) had an alcohol use restriction, and three (3%) had liver disease restrictions. Global access to DAA reimbursement remains uneven, with LMICs having comparatively low reimbursement compared with high-income countries. To meet WHO goals for HCV elimination, efforts should be made to assist countries, particularly LMICs, to increase access to DAA reimbursement and remove reimbursement restrictions—especially prescriber-type restrictions—to ensure universal access.

Abstract: Investigated the association between family functioning and conflict and their links with mood disorder in parents and with children’s risk for bipolar disorder. Participants were 272 families with a child between the ages of 5–17 years. Parents’ history of psychiatric diagnoses and children’s current diagnoses were obtained via semi-structured interviews. Parent report on the Family Assessment Device and the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire measured family functioning and conflict, respectively. Results revealed a small but significant indirect pathway from parental diagnosis of mood disorder to child bipolar disorder through impaired family functioning, via increased family conflict. Parental mood disorders were also significantly related to other negative outcomes in children, including unipolar depression and oppositional defiant disorder. Associations between parent diagnoses and family functioning changed depending on youth age, but not youth sex.

The DNA damage response is essential to safeguard genome integrity. Although the contribution of chromatin in DNA repair has been investigated1,2, the contribution of chromosome folding to these processes remains unclear3. Here we report that, after the production of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells, ATM drives the formation of a new chromatin compartment (D compartment) through the clustering of damaged topologically associating domains, decorated with γH2AX and 53BP1. This compartment forms by a mechanism that is consistent with polymer–polymer phase separation rather than liquid–liquid phase separation. The D compartment arises mostly in G1 phase, is independent of cohesin and is enhanced after pharmacological inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) or R-loop accumulation. Importantly, R-loop-enriched DNA-damage-responsive genes physically localize to the D compartment, and this contributes to their optimal activation, providing a function for DSB clustering in the DNA damage response. However, DSB-induced chromosome reorganization comes at the expense of an increased rate of translocations, also observed in cancer genomes. Overall, we characterize how DSB-induced compartmentalization orchestrates the DNA damage response and highlight the critical impact of chromosome architecture in genomic instability.

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and its concentrations have tripled in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. There is evidence that global warming has increased CH4emissions from freshwater ecosystems1,2, providing positive feedback to the global climate. Yet for rivers and streams, the controls and the magnitude of CH4emissions remain highly uncertain3,4. Here we report a spatially explicit global estimate of CH4emissions from running waters, accounting for 27.9 (16.7–39.7) Tg CH4per year and roughly equal in magnitude to those of other freshwater systems5,6. Riverine CH4emissions are not strongly temperature dependent, with low average activation energy (EM= 0.14 eV) compared with that of lakes and wetlands (EM= 0.96 eV)1. By contrast, global patterns of emissions are characterized by large fluxes in high- and low-latitude settings as well as in human-dominated environments. These patterns are explained by edaphic and climate features that are linked to anoxia in and near fluvial habitats, including a high supply of organic matter and water saturation in hydrologically connected soils. Our results highlight the importance of land–water connections in regulating CH4supply to running waters, which is vulnerable not only to direct human modifications but also to several climate change responses on land.

Les tumeurs du testicule sont malignes dans 95 % des cas. L’orchidectomie totale est le traitement de référence des tumeurs germinales. Les 5 % restant concernent principalement les tumeurs des cordons sexuels et sont bénignes dans plus de 90 % des cas. En présence d’une tumeur suspectée bénigne, une chirurgie partielle peut être réalisée si elle répond à des critères de taille, d’aspect échographique et après avoir éliminé une tumeur germinale par la réalisation d’un scanner et du dosage des marqueurs tumoraux. Des indications de nécessité sont également proposées, dans le cas de tumeurs germinales bilatérales ou sur testicule unique. En cas de néoplasie germinale retrouvée en tissu sain, une radiothérapie adjuvante est proposée. La réalisation de cette prise en charge nécessite une équipe pluridisciplinaire habituée à la prise en charge des tumeurs du testicule. Une collaboration en anatomopathologique, radiologue, oncologue, urologue et biologiste de la reproduction permet une prise en charge adaptée.

In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, a national pharmacovigilance survey was set up in March 2020. The purpose of this survey was to ensure continuous monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with COVID-19, not only related to the drugs used in this indication but also related to all drugs administered to these patients or suspected of having promoted the infection.

Winter climate change including frequent freeze‐thaw episodes and shallow snow cover will have major impacts on the spring regrowth of perennial crops. Non‐bloating perennial forage legume species including sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, and alsike clover have been bred for their adaptation to harsh winter conditions. In parallel, the selection of cold‐tolerant rhizobial strains could allow earlier symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation to hasten spring regrowth of legumes. To identify strains forming nodules rapidly and showing high N‐fixing potential, 60 rhizobial strains in association with four temperate legume species were evaluated over 11 weeks under spring soil temperatures for kinetics of nodule formation, nitrogenase activity, and host yield. Strains differed in their capacity to form efficient nodules on legume hosts over time. Strains showing higher nitrogenase activity were arctic strain N10 with sainfoin and strain L2 with birdsfoot trefoil. For clovers, nitrogenase activity was similar for control and inoculated plants, likely due to formation of effective nodules in controls by endophyte rhizobia present in seeds. Selection based on nodulation kinetics at low temperature, nitrogenase activity, and yield was effective to identify performant rhizobial strains for legume crops. The use of cold‐tolerant strains could help mitigate winter climatic changes. Four species of temperate legumes including sainfoin were inoculated with various strains of rhizobium and grown under low temperatures. Strains differed in their capacity to form nodules on legume hosts. Nitrogen (N)‐fixing potentials of strains showing good nodulation were compared by measuring the nitrogenase activity of potted plants as well as the yield of host plants. Cold‐adapted rhizobial strains that are efficient to nodulate and fix N in association with each legume species were identified.

ABSTRACTNon-motorized water sports requiring physical efforts such as swimming, scuba diving, kayaking, sailing and surfing are becoming increasingly popular in Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs). This research investigates the relationship between these types of water sports and practitioners’ psychological and mental health. It takes the MPAs of Cap de Creus and Gulf of Roses (north-western Mediterranean) as a case study and is underpinned by a literature review and in-depth interviews with specialized water sports instructors. Results provide evidence that doing non-motorized water sports in the sea has positive outcomes for practitioners’ physical and mental health. When done in well-preserved areas, these sports may be a viable tool for both wellness and health recovery, and could be introduced in the community as a preventative and rehabilitation health strategy. This should be accompanied by strategies to address the ecological impacts these sports may have on MPAs.

This article explores the personal journey and professional growth experienced by a young professional in the field of antennas and propagation through participation in IEEE conferences. It discusses the transformative impact of engaging with IEEE resources, such as the IEEE Xplore Digital Library, the IEEE Young Professionals Program, and the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) Symposium series. I share personal reflections on the invaluable networking opportunities and knowledge gained, highlighting the profound influence of IEEE conferences on my career development and personal growth.

Über die Bedeutung, aber auch die Ausgestaltung des Religionsunterrichts im Schulalltag des Dessauer Philanthropin ist bisher wenig bekannt. Oftmals wird ein im Sinne einer fortschrittlichen ›Aufklärung‹ fast säkularer Umgang mit Religion vermutet, wobei in der Forschung gleichzeitig betont wird, wie verbunden die deutsche Aufklärung und mit ihr der Philanthropismus mit dem Christentum war gegenüber etwa der französischen Aufklärung. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird diesem ambivalenten Bild nachgegangen. Der Schwerpunkt des Artikels liegt auf den Berichten zu Christian Gotthilf Salzmanns (1744–1811) Religionsunterricht, in denen er Inhalte und Methoden darstellt.

An H-shaped all-metal radiating element comprising an active and a coupled slot has been proposed to design wideband high-efficiency circularly polarized antenna arrays. The proper excitation of several modes on the coupled slot enables a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth with high circular polarization (CP) purity. To feed an array of such radiating elements, a simple and scalable two-layer corporate network, implemented in groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology, is conceived. Those good frequency properties have been confirmed by the fabrication of a prototype, whose experimental results report a 1-dB AR bandwidth of 22%. In addition, a peak radiation efficiency of 97% with good pattern stability and an impedance bandwidth of 21% with high return loss have been measured. The high CP purity demonstrated by these wideband apertures makes them particularly suitable for Ka-band satellite communications’ antennas.

This letter presents an all-metal three-layer monopulse antenna based on gap waveguide technology operating in Ka-band. (specifically from 29 to 31 GHz) for direction-finding applications. This contribution stands out mainly for the simplicity of its single-layer comparator network (layer 1) composed of a combination of ridge and groove gap waveguides. Also, the compactness of the feed network (layer 2) allows for a low-profile monopulse antenna comprising only three aluminum pieces. The antenna is bottom-fed through three ports connected, two of them to the comparator network, and one directly to the corporate-feed network, to achieve one sum ($\Sigma$) and two difference patterns ($\Delta _{H}$, $\Delta _{E}$). Experimental results validate the concept, showing a close agreement with simulations. The measured null depth is close to $-$30 dB in both difference patterns, and the sum pattern achieves 26.9 dBi directivity with a realized radiation efficiency greater than 80$\%$.

ObjectivesInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and environmental factors, leading to alterations in the gastrointestinal immune response and chronic inflammation. Caspase recruitment domain 9 (Card9), one of the IBD susceptibility genes, has been shown to protect against intestinal inflammation and fungal infection. However, the cell types and mechanisms involved in the CARD9 protective role against inflammation remain unknown.DesignWe used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced and adoptive transfer colitis models in total and conditional CARD9 knock-out mice to uncover which cell types play a role in the CARD9 protective phenotype. The impact of Card9deletion on neutrophil function was assessed by an in vivo model of fungal infection and various functional assays, including endpoint dilution assay, apoptosis assay by flow cytometry, proteomics and real-time bioenergetic profile analysis (Seahorse).ResultsLymphocytes are not intrinsically involved in the CARD9 protective role against colitis. CARD9 expression in neutrophils, but not in epithelial or CD11c+cells, protects against DSS-induced colitis. In the absence of CARD9, mitochondrial dysfunction increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production leading to the premature death of neutrophilsthrough apoptosis, especially in oxidative environment. The decreased functional neutrophils in tissues might explain the impaired containment of fungi and increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation.ConclusionThese results provide new insight into the role of CARD9 in neutrophil mitochondrial function and its involvement in intestinal inflammation, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils.

Updated Recommendations for the management of testicular germ cell cancer.

The objective of this publication is to recall the initial work-up when faced with an adrenal incidentaloma and, if necessary, to establish the oncological management of an adrenal malignant tumor.

To update French oncology guidelines concerning penile cancer.

Fall dormancy is a vital component of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) yield in northern climates, but selection for the trait is often done at the expense of winter survival. We performed one cycle of selection to reduce fall dormancy in two winter hardy cultivars (Yellowhead and Peace) using a new indoor screening method. We compared the reduced dormancy populations with their respective initial cultivars for fall dormancy, yield, and winter survival at four sites across Canada. During the establishment and the first production years, plants of the reduced dormancy populations were generally taller in the fall than their respective cultivar, which resulted in a one unit increase of their fall dormancy class. Under field conditions, plants of the reduced dormancy populations had a similar winter survival than those of the initial cultivars. Under simulated winter conditions, freezing tolerance was not affected by selection for reduced dormancy in Peace, whereas a decrease from −24.0 to −21.5 °C was observed in Yellowhead. However, in this cultivar, we noted a 37% yield increase under field conditions and a 40% more vigorous regrowth under simulated winter conditions in the reduced dormancy population. These results showed that the indoor selection method effectively reduced fall dormancy and that indirect responses for yield and winter survival were dependent on the genetic background used as selection material. This selection method could therefore be promising to develop alfalfa cultivars adapted to northern latitudes with high winter hardiness and improved late season yield. A new indoor method of selection to reduce fall dormancy is efficient in different genetic backgrounds.Fall growth can be manipulated by selection without impairing winter survival to some extent.Indirect responses of the selection on yield depends on the genetic material used.

Les collyres au sérum autologue (CSA) sont des préparations pharmaceutiques utilisées dans le syndrome de l’œil sec chronique réfractaire. Leur utilisation, rapportée de 1975 à ce jour, montre le potentiel que les ophtalmologistes leur prêtent dans ce domaine. Toutefois, leur intérêt thérapeutique n’a pu être démontré de manière formelle, probablement, au moins en partie, par manque de procédé de fabrication standardisé. La stérilité est une spécification des collyres, avec l’autoclavage comme méthode de référence. Pour les produits thermosensibles (cas des CSA), la filtration est une alternative. En France, une recherche de consensus par méthode Delphi, pour standardiser le protocole de préparation des CSA, a obtenu un accord, pour recourir à la filtration stérilisante, de 91 % (seuil de consensus fixé à 80 %). Cependant, parmi les substances supposées actives figurent des cytokines, polypeptides ou protéines, pouvant remettre en cause la méthode de filtration. L’objectif de ce travail était de construire un plan d’expérience pour approcher l’impact de la filtration stérilisante sur la concentration en molécules actives (MA) des CSA.

Storm sewerages are crucial infrastructures in water management. In this paper, a system was developed to detect the blockage of the sewerage and the presence of illegal spills in Storm sewerages. Different nodes with sensors measuring the water level, turbidity, conductivity, and oil presence are scattered in the sewerage. These nodes are connected to a master node for processing the information with a rain sensor. The rain and water level sensors are used to determine one of the four possibilities regarding the presence of water in the sewerage and whether it is raining. According to the combinations, it can be determined whether it is a normal situation or there are spills or blockages. It is shown that there are differences between sewerage with and without blockage via the water level. This can be used to determine the presence of a blockage. The identification of an illegal spill is performed with the use of conductivity, turbidity, and oil sensors. The authors determined that yellow and infrared light can determine the oil concentration in the oil sensor in a range of 0–2.2 mL oil/L water with yellow light and 0.4–20 mL oil/L water with infrared light. Finally, the conductivity sensor can determine water conductivity from 0.526 to 58.4 mS/cm.

Experiencing an increasing incidence, chronic heart failure (CHF) demands effective prevention and treatment. Aerobic exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation plays a vital role in managing these patients. However, diverse patient responses underscore the need for precision in intensity prescription. Heart rate variability (HRV), specifically the DFA a1 index, emerges as a cost-effective biomarker for exercise intensity distribution (Rogers et al., 2021a). Previous associations between HRV and ventilatory thresholds in CHF patients suggest its potential utility (Rogers et al., 2021b). This study aims to evaluate the agreement between ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and HRV thresholds (HRVT1 and HRVT2) in male and female CHF patients during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Seventeen males and ten females performed a symptom-limited incremental ramp test on a cycle ergometer. Ventilatory thresholds were determined using a mixed method, and HRV thresholds were calculated using DFA a1 values of 0.75 and 0.5 as the first and second thresholds, respectively. Statistical measures, including the Pearson’s r correlation coefficient, determination coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot with limits of agreement (LoAs), were employed to evaluate the agreement between these methods. Initial findings indicate that HRVT1 shows a non-significant, low positive correlation (r = .36) with VT1, with a determination coefficient of .13, and a mean bias of -5 bpm (LoAs from -35 to 25 bpm). Conversely, HRVT2 demonstrates a significant, strong positive correlation with VT2 (r = .78), presenting a determination coefficient of .62 and a mean bias of 6 bpm (LoAs from -16 to 28 bpm). This suggests promising potential validity for HRVT2 in estimating ventilatory thresholds. In conclusion, while HRVT1 requires further investigation in this population and caution is advised in its application, HRVT2 emerges as a compelling candidate, demonstrating good agreement with VT2 and suggesting its potential validity as a valuable tool for exercise intensity determination in CHF patients.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), known for its pivotal role in neuroplasticity, has emerged as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for chronic heart failure (CHF). BDNF, through its interaction with the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB), has been linked with the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. Patients with CHF exhibit diminished BDNF levels compared to their healthy counterparts. Notably, exercise has been shown to elevate BDNF levels in healthy individuals. However, no study has explored the potential effects of acute exercise on BDNF levels in patients with CHF. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyse the acute effect of aerobic exercise on BDNF levels in patients with CHF. Additionally, we investigated the influence of different patient characteristics (e.g., age, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness) and exercise variables (e.g., duration) on BDNF concentrations. Eleven patients (53.2 ± 5.5 years; seven males) with CHF were finally included. BDNF levels were measured before and immediately after a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Paired t-test, mean change with its 95% confidence interval (CI), and Pearson correlation were used to conduct statistical analyses. Moreover, Mann-Whitney U test was used to carry out between-group comparisons (e.g., sex) in changes in BDNF. Correlations were interpreted as weak (< 0.30), low (0.30 – 0.49), moderate (0.50 – 0.69), strong (0.70 – 0.89), or very strong (> 0.90). The findings showed a statistically significant increase (p = .005) in BDNF levels of 320.7 (CI = 136.4, 505.1) pg·ml-1. No differences were found between male and female patients (p = .269). Moreover, a moderate yet non-significant negative correlation was observed between the acute exercise-induced effect on BDNF levels and patients’ weight (r = –0.593; p = .054) and body mass index (BMI) (r = –0.530; p = .094). Aerobic exercise acutely increases BDNF levels in male and female patients with CHF. Further studies are required to determine the influence of patient characteristics (i.e., weight and BMI).

Background: SPSG carries a risk of incisional hernia, particularly in patients with high body mass index. Prophylactic mesh placement with either permanent or absorbable mesh could decrease the occurrence of incisional hernia, with uncertainty on other postoperative parietal complications. Methods: This is a non-randomized monocentric single-blinded prospective study. High-risk patients (body mass index ≥ 45 kg/m2) underwent either 3 strategies of parietal closure (suture with or without permanent or absorbable mesh) during SPSG. The primary outcome was the occurrence of radiologically defined incisional hernia during the first postoperative year. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infection rates and postoperative pain. Results: Between November 2018 and November 2019, 255 patients were included (85 in each group). All patients reached one-year postoperative follow-up. Significantly more incisional hernias were observed in the no mesh group in comparison with permanent and absorbable mesh groups, respectively (20% vs. 7.1% vs. 5.1%, P= 0.005). No difference was observed in mesh groups. No difference was observed regarding other parietal complications. One patient in the absorbable mesh group presented a superficial surgical site infection and required surgical drainage without mesh removal and one patient in the permanent mesh group presented a parietal hematoma and required surgical drainage with mesh removal. Twenty-six (92.8%) asymptomatic patients presented incisional hernia discovered on the one-year CT-scan. Conclusions: Prophylactic mesh placement during SPSG decreases the occurrence of postoperative incisional hernia. Routine permanent mesh placement could be proposed in high-risk patients.

This work addresses river contamination by biocidal substances up- and downstream a megacity, with the aim of investigating the contribution of urban discharges and proposing effective and concerted mitigation solutions. To this end, ten campaigns were conducted in the two main rivers of the Paris conurbation. Eighteen previously prioritized biocides were all quantified at three sampling locations, and several were found at concentrations that may present a risk to the aquatic ecosystem (dichloroisothiazolinone, diuron, and benzalkonium C12 and C14, with concentrations up to 42, 75, 1700, and 150 ng L−1, respectively). The collected data enabled the assessment of daily mass loads of biocides (from <1 g per day to several tens of kg per day, the highest values observed being for benzalkonium C12 and C14) which were put into perspective with previously characterized loads from major urban sources. A shift in the distribution of biocide loads between up- and downstream the Paris conurbation was observed for several molecules (benzisothiazolinone, terbutryn, and thiabendazole, the median load of which increased by a factor of 1.5 to 3), thus suggesting the contribution of urban discharges to the contamination of receiving waters by biocides. Analysing the long-term dynamics of biocides in the Seine River showed that even if the ban of several molecules as pesticides did have a noticeable impact on surface water contamination, a background pollution remained (3 < diuron < 75 ng L−1; 0.1 < isoproturon < 5.7 ng L−1), which may be related to urban inputs. Our results offer prospects for specific mitigation solutions at three scales: emissions, transport in the sewer system and treatment before discharge.

Date palm fruit has been considered for centuries as an ancient nutritional constituent in the human diet. Recently, global trade in dates increased at an average that, simultaneously, will be accompanied by an increase in date palm byproducts. Supported by date phytochemicals and their health benefits, the aim of this work is to evaluate for the first time the presence of special metabolites of plant called phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) in five different varieties of the Phoenix dactyliferaL. pulps and pits using a microLC-ESI-QTrap-MS/MS methodology. Results obtained showed the interest of using these matrices as potential sources of several PhytoPs (ent-16-B1-PhytoP; ent-9-L1-PhytoP; and epimers of ent-16-F1t-PhytoP and of 9-F1t-PhytoP). The variation in concentration between different varieties and different DPF parts was also evaluated. Results obtained will help to unravel the biological activities associated with DPF consumption that could be related to these bioactive metabolites.

Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction as the reference standard in 10 735 patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, CT was 80% accurate and was also predictive of death or need for intubation.

Streams and rivers are significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. However, the magnitudes of these fluxes are uncertain, in part, because dissolved greenhouse gases (GHGs) can exhibit high spatiotemporal variability. Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships are commonly used to describe temporal variability stemming from hydrologic controls on solute production and transport. This study assesses how the partial pressures of two GHGs—pCO2and pCH4—vary across hydrologic conditions over 4 yr in eight nested streams and rivers, at both annual and seasonal timescales. Overall, the range of pCO2was constrained, ranging from undersaturated to nine times oversaturated, while pCH4was highly variable, ranging from 3 to 500 times oversaturated. We show that pCO2exhibited chemostatic behavior (i.e., no change with Q), in part, due to carbonate buffering and seasonally specific storm responses. In contrast, we show that pCH4generally exhibited source limitation (i.e., a negative relationship with Q), which we attribute to temperature‐mediated production. However, pCH4exhibited chemostasis in a wetland‐draining stream, likely due to hydrologic connection to the CH4‐rich wetland. These findings have implications for CO2and CH4fluxes, which are controlled by concentrations and gas transfer velocities. At high Q, enhanced gas transfer velocity acts on a relatively constant CO2stock but on a diminishing CH4stock. In other words, CO2fluxes increase with Q, while CH4fluxes are modulated by the divergent Qdynamics of gas transfer velocity and concentration.

PURPOSE: This study set out to define the incidence, predictors, and mortality related to acute renal failure (ARF) and acute renal failure requiring dialysis (ARFD) after coronary intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Derivation-validation set methods were used in 1,826 consecutive patients undergoing coronary intervention with evaluation of baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl), diabetic status, contrast exposure, postprocedure creatinine, ARF, ARFD, in-hospital mortality, and long-term survival (derivation set). Multiple logistic regression was used to derive the prior probability of ARFD in a second set of 1,869 consecutive patients (validation set). RESULTS: The incidence of ARF and ARFD was 144.6/1,000 and 7.7/1,000 cases respectively. The cutoff dose of contrast below which there was no ARFD was 100 mL. No patient with a CrCl [is greater than] 47 mL/min developed ARFD. These thresholds were confirmed in the validation set. Multivariate analysis found CrCl [odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.77 to D.89, P [is less than] 0.00001], diabetes (OR = 5.47, 95% Cl 1.40 to 21.32, P = 0.01), and contrast dose (OR = 1.008, 95% Cl 1.002 to 1.013, P = 0.01) to be independent predictors of ARFD. Patients in the validation set who underwent dialysis had a predicted prior probability of ARFD of between 0.07 and 0.73. The in-hospital mortality for those who developed ARFD was 35.7% and the 2-year survival was 18.8%. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of ARFD after coronary intervention is rare ([is less than]1%) but is associated with high in-hospital mortality and poor long-term survival. Individual patient risk can be estimated from calculated CrCl, diabetic status, and expected contrast dose prior to a proposed coronary intervention.

par Mylene Jaccoud. Montreal: Editions du Meridien. 1995. Le monde lointain et si mysterieux de nos compatriotes inuit s'est lentement revere a nous au cours des derrieres decennies -- mais [...]

In this retrospective study, we report 70 cases of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS) among 1696 DLBCL-NOS cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2019 (prevalence of 4.1%). At diagnosis, median age was 68.5 years; 79% of the cases presented with an advanced-stage disease (III-IV), 48% with extranodal lesions, and 14% with an hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (8 at diagnosis and 1 on therapy). A total of 46 cases presented a polymorphic pattern, and 21 were monomorphic. All had a non-germinal center B phenotype, with the majority of tumor cells expressing CD30 and programmed death ligand 1 (98% and 95%, respectively). Type II and III EBV latency was seen in 88% and 12% of the cases, respectively. Patients were treated with immunochemotherapy (59%) or chemotherapy (22%), and 19% received palliative care due to advanced age and altered performance status. After a median follow-up of 48 months, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 52.7% and 54.8%, respectively. Older age (>50 years) and HLH were associated with shorter PFS and OS in multivariate analysis (PFS: hazard ratio [HR], 14.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-83.97; and HR, 5.78; 95% CI, 2.35-14.23; OS: HR, 12.41; 95% CI, 1.65-93.53; and HR, 6.09; 95% CI, 2.42-15.30, respectively). Finally, using a control cohort of 425 EBV− DLBCL-NOS, EBV positivity was associated with a shorter OS outcome within patients >50 years (5-year OS, 53% [95% CI, 38.2-74] vs 60.8% [95% CI, 55.4-69.3], P = .038), but not in younger patients.

Family C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) operate as obligate dimers with extracellular domains that recognize small ligands, leading to G-protein activation on the transmembrane (TM) domains of these receptors by an unknown mechanism1. Here we show structures of homodimers of the family C metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) in distinct functional states and in complex with heterotrimeric Gi. Upon activation of the extracellular domain, the two transmembrane domains undergo extensive rearrangement in relative orientation to establish an asymmetric TM6–TM6 interface that promotes conformational changes in the cytoplasmic domain of one protomer. Nucleotide-bound Gican be observed pre-coupled to inactive mGlu2, but its transition to the nucleotide-free form seems to depend on establishing the active-state TM6–TM6 interface. In contrast to family A and B GPCRs, G-protein coupling does not involve the cytoplasmic opening of TM6 but is facilitated through the coordination of intracellular loops 2 and 3, as well as a critical contribution from the C terminus of the receptor. The findings highlight the synergy of global and local conformational transitions to facilitate a new mode of G-protein activation.

* Objectives: No consensus exists regarding the definition and interpretation of a significant boosting reaction after sequential tuberculin testing. The booster phenomenon is thought to represent remote tuberculous infection where tuberculin reactivity has waned, but it has also been described among persons with previous expose to other mycobacteria or Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. We studied the factors affecting the booster phenomenon among Canadian-born young adults to determine the definition that would maximize sensitivity and specificity of a positive booster reaction in these persons. * Design: Point-prevalence survey of initial tuberculin reactions and response to repeated tuberculin testing after 1 to 4 weeks. * Setting: Community-based study of all students entering health professional training programs at six post-secondary institutions. * Measurements: In 1989, 1990, and 1991, students completed self-administered questionnaires, underwent two-step tuberculin testing with purified protein derivative-tuberculin (PPD-T), and had their childhood BCG vaccination status verified. In 1991, students were also tested with purified protein derivative-Battery (PPD-B) (for Mycobacterium intracellulare). * Results: Overall, 74 students (5.2%) had positive booster reactions, which were significantly associated with older age (P < 0.001), larger initial tuberculin reactions (P < 0.001), previous BCG vaccination (P < 0.001), older age when vaccinated (P, Previous tuberculosis vaccination may lead to a boosted result in the second stage of two-step tuberculin testing. A boosted response occurs when an initial negative test stimulates a reaction to a second test. A total of 1,542 students in Canada had two-step tuberculin testing. Of these, 38% had previously been vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Slightly more than 5% of the participants experienced positive booster reactions. Previous vaccination with BCG was significantly associated with booster reactions. Older participants and older age at vaccination were also associated with a booster response. Participants sensitive to purified protein derivative-Battey on initial testing were more likely to have a boosted response. Young adults born in North America who have no risk factors for tuberculosis other than a positive two-step test probably do not have tuberculosis.