Search

In an effort to grow Keene's housing supply amid a statewide shortage, city councilors Thursday (May 16) voted unanimously to allow cottage courts in certain zones of the city. City [...]

In the midst of a statewide housing crunch, Keene is promoting smaller-format housing that city staff say can create more places to live while not dramatically changing the neighborhood feel. [...]

ABSTRACTAthlete leader development is a topic of interest in sports psychology and programs to facilitate athlete leader development have been proliferating. Yet, little work has been done to validate the effectiveness of these programs. This multi-year mixed method study examined the standard-setting behavior of varsity team captains from an NCAA Division I military academy following an athlete leader development intervention. The intervention consisted of speakers, lectures, and small group discussions. Qualitative analysis of the intervention confirmed integration of key concepts: standards are different than rules, leaders set the tone for team culture, standards must be messaged properly, and standard-setting is promoted by communities of leaders. The quantitative analysis compared team member reports of standard-setting behavior of the varsity team captains with a control group of student leaders that supported the efficacy of the intervention. We discuss the challenges of conducting assessments of athlete leader development and make recommendations for future efforts.

A proposal for trade-focused storage units on Base Hill Road has drawn concern from residents worried about the project's traffic and environmental impacts. The Swanzey Planning Board opened the matter [...]

Town officials are pushing for more housing in the region amid a staggeringly low rental vacancy rate and a worker shortage. Carol Nelson, co-chair of the Peterborough Affordable Housing Committee, [...]

A group of Monadnock Region activists and officials have banded together to work on a proposal to create a housing development trust fund to help combat the crippling scarcity of [...]

Research on automated domestic appliances, categorized as Smart Home Technology (SHT), has increased exponentially over the last decade and has taken various guises, from qualitative descriptive investigation to empirically based analysis. Given the unresolved uncertainties surrounding the SHT acceptance literature and concern regarding the relatively low smart home device uptake, there is a need to reappraise the existing literature to delve deeper and search for solutions. Based on the research method PRISMA, a systematic literature review on SHT acceptance was undertaken to evaluate its different models and develop a hypothetical model. Twenty-three papers were selected in the review, and the results indicate that the Technological Acceptance Model was the most applied model when investigating SHT acceptance. Moreover, the most significant variables used to measure SHT acceptance were compatibility and perceived usefulness. The systematic literature review also revealed some significant patterns including the uptake of non-Western research and the use of sales and market share as a metric of SHT acceptance. Future directions on how researchers, smart home developers and governmental agencies can utilize the findings conclude the systematic review.

This study investigated the relationship between thermal perceptions during human wear trials and thermal foot manikin measurements of heat and vapour resistance for five running shoes varying in material and construction. Measurements of thermal/evaporative resistance were performed using a 12-zone sweating thermal-foot manikin. Eleven males performed running trials on five occasions, wearing shoes of same design, differing in materials and construction, to achieve a range of heat/vapour resistances and air permeabilities. Trials in 20°C/60% RH consisted of three phases: 15 min rest, 40 min running, 15 min recovery. In-shoe temperature/humidity were measured at two sites on the left foot. Thermal sensation/wetness perception/thermal comfort were provided for the left foot and four foot regions. Variations in shoe material and construction resulted in differences in thermal and evaporative resistance. These differences were reflected in in-shoe temperature and in-shoe absolute humidity assessed during wear trials. At the end of the rest period, thermal sensation was strongly related to thermal insulation (r2= 0.69, p<0.001). During exercise however, thermal sensation, wetness perception and thermal discomfort were related to both thermal insulation and evaporative resistance. Thermal foot manikins provide a sensitive, effective evaluation of footwear thermal properties, which are also reflective of changes to in-shoe parameters during actual use. This discriminate power may be enhanced using higher, more realistic air-speeds during testing, as well as simulating foot movement. While thermal foot manikins are highly sensitive to design features/attributes of footwear (e.g. ventilation openings, air-permeabilities and coatings), subjective evaluations of footwear do not seem to have the same sensitivity and discriminative power.

Graphical Abstract:

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.

Less than a decade ago, the continuing care business for Grand Rapids, Mich.-based Spectrum Health was fractured and weak. Most of its assets were in the red, bleeding $300,000 to [...]

Congratulations on (and thank you for) producing 50 years' worth of fascinating and important stories (April 2020). I was struck by these two sentences in your story about elephants ('Mind [...]

Family caregivers of stroke survivors are at risk for negative health outcomes such as depression, psychosocial impairments, and even mortality as a result of providing care. Shortened hospital stays have [...]

The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is essential for the suppression of innate immune activation and pathology caused by aberrant recognition of self-RNA, a role it carries out by disrupting the duplex structure of endogenous double-stranded RNA species1,2. A point mutation in the sequence encoding the Z-DNA-binding domain (ZBD) of ADAR1 is associated with severe autoinflammatory disease3–5. ZBP1 is the only other ZBD-containing mammalian protein6, and its activation can trigger both cell death and transcriptional responses through the kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, and the protease caspase 8 (refs. 7–9). Here we show that the pathology caused by alteration of the ZBD of ADAR1 is driven by activation of ZBP1. We found that ablation of ZBP1 fully rescued the overt pathology caused by ADAR1 alteration, without fully reversing the underlying inflammatory program caused by this alteration. Whereas loss of RIPK3 partially phenocopied the protective effects of ZBP1 ablation, combined deletion of caspase 8 and RIPK3, or of caspase 8 and MLKL, unexpectedly exacerbated the pathogenic effects of ADAR1 alteration. These findings indicate that ADAR1 is a negative regulator of sterile ZBP1 activation, and that ZBP1-dependent signalling underlies the autoinflammatory pathology caused by alteration of ADAR1.

Abstract:This article presents some advanced psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Adlerian Personality Priorities Assessment (APPA) together with a study of validity using instruments to measure belongingness, life satisfaction, adult attachment, and a projective technique to assess Adlerian Personality Priorities (the Top Card Activity). The 22-item version of the Spanish APPA showed excellent psychometric properties, and invariance by gender and age; results also confirm and add on to prior studies showing that control is a more adaptive personality priority than superiority, pleasing, and comfort/avoidance. The combination of high control, high pleasing, and low comfort presented the best prediction of belongingness and life satisfaction. We discuss these results from an Adlerian theoretical background and affirm that priorities are both individual goals and unconscious mechanisms that are activated when the individual's condition of belongingness is thwarted.

EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER A/ no. Megestrol acetate (MA) is I neither safe nor effective for stimulating appetite in malnourished nursing home residents. It increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [...]

Twenty parents (3 fathers and 17 mothers) engaged in caring for a child 2 to 14 months after renal transplant were studied to: (a) determine the kinds of caregiving tasks [...]

Financial planning is still a viable profession despite repercussions from the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and the stock market crash in 1987. The planners that survived have become better, stronger and more unified than before. Proposed tax reforms and low interest rates will provide planners with plenty of work. Inflation, a changing economic situation and a new administration in 1992 make financial planning more important than ever. Low interest rates provide planners with the opportunity to find client the appropriate replacements for certificates of deposit, money market funds and other low-interest vehicles., Not too long ago I read an editorial in the official publication of a major financial group in which one of their executives stated that 'financial planning had run its [...]

Hintergrund: Vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Pandemie wurde mit Beginn des Sommersemesters 2020 bundesweit die studentische Präsenzlehre praktisch eingestellt. Ebenso wurden im Rahmen des zweiten Lockdowns in vielen Bundesländern Schulen und Kindertagesstätten geschlossen bzw. auf ein Minimum heruntergefahren. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde bereits mehrfach der Effekt von Raumluftfiltern diskutiert, nach Ansicht des Umweltbundesamtes ist der Einsatz von mobilen Luftreinigern derzeit allerdings nicht empfohlen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt die konkreten Auswirkungen von mobilen Raumluftfiltern auf die Aerosolbelastung in einem Hörsaal, einer Kantine und einem schulischen Lernzentrum auf. Methoden: In 3 Großräumen (studentischer Hörsaal, Betriebskantine, Lernzentrum eines Gymnasiums) wurde der Effekt von mobilen Raumluftfiltern (Fa. DEMA-airtech, Stuttgart) gemessen. Die Messungen der Aerosolkonzentrationen bzw. der CO2-Werte erfolgte mit Geräten der Firma Palas, Karlsruhe. Ergebnisse: In allen 3 Szenarien zeigte sich übereinstimmend, dass die Aerosolkonzentration durch die Filter relevant und dauerhaft reduziert werden konnten. Der Effekt erschien teilweise sogar nachhaltiger und effektiver als beim normalen Stoßlüften. Schlussfolgerung: Die Verwendung von Raumluftfiltern als ergänzende Maßnahme zum Abstandhalten und dem Tragen einer effektiven Mund-Nase-Bedeckung ist eine empfehlenswerte Maßnahme, die die Wiederaufnahme der Präsenzlehre ermöglichen könnte.

Hedge funds are private investment partnerships that seek to maximize returns through active portfolio management rather than long-term capital appreciation. Their activities go beyond mere investing and constitute trading. The [...]

The Southwest Region Planning Commission is seeking Monadnock Region homeowners who are interested in adding an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) to their properties. ADUs are seen as a solution to the housing crisis in the region, as they expand the housing supply without significant impact on the surrounding land and neighborhood. The commission has received a grant to fund the Monadnock Region ADU Design Challenge, where architects and building professionals will create designs that participating homeowners can use. ADUs can be new buildings or existing structures, such as garages or barns, and are ideal for older couples or individuals who want to downsize while staying in their community. The commission is looking for interested homeowners to participate in the challenge, and those who do will receive guidance and a catalog of pre-approved designs that meet zoning requirements. [Extracted from the article]

Generally, gain or loss on the sale of a note will be capital gain or loss if the note is a capital asset in the holder's hands. Other than a [...]

Two days a week, we do a scratch card on purchases of $6 or more to get a free item on the next visit. Patients and staff look forward to [...]

AbstractThe so-called ‘possibility proof’ in Kant's pre-Critical Beweisgrundhas been widely discussed in the literature, and it is a common view that he never really abandoned it. As I shall argue, this reading is mistaken. I aim to show that the natural illusion in the Critique of Pure Reason, which is usually taken to be the possibility proof turned into a transcendental illusion, has both a different conclusion and a different argument than the possibility proof. Rather, what remains from Beweisgrundis what I will call the ‘proof a posteriori’, which the Critiqueturns into a transcendental illusion that is of regulative use for reason.

A great deal of time, money and technology goes into a successful call center - about $2 million worth on average. Following the sacred mantra 'more calls, more revenue,' companies [...]

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is a key mediator of antimicrobial immunity as well as autoimmune inflammation. Production of IL-1β requires transcription by innate immune receptor signaling and maturational cleavage by inflammasomes. Whether this mechanism applies to IL-1β production seen in T cell-driven autoimmune diseases remains unclear. Here, we describe an inflammasome-independent pathway of IL-1β production that was triggered upon cognate interactions between effector CD4+T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The cytokine TNF produced by activated CD4+T cells engaged its receptor TNFR on MPs, leading to pro-IL-1β synthesis. Membrane-bound FasL, expressed by CD4+T cells, activated death receptor Fas signaling in MPs, resulting in caspase-8-dependent pro-IL-1β cleavage. The T cell-instructed IL-1β resulted in systemic inflammation, whereas absence of TNFR or Fas signaling protected mice from CD4+T cell-driven autoimmunity. The TNFR–Fas–caspase-8-dependent pathway provides a mechanistic explanation for IL-1β production and its consequences in CD4+T cell-driven autoimmune pathology.

The diverse subtypes of excitatory neurons that populate the neocortex are born from apical progenitors located in the ventricular zone. During corticogenesis, apical progenitors sequentially generate deep-layer neurons followed by superficial-layer neurons directly or via the generation of intermediate progenitors. Whether neurogenic fate progression necessarily implies fate restriction in single progenitor types is unknown. Here we specifically isolated apical progenitors and intermediate progenitors, and fate-mapped their respective neuronal progeny following heterochronic transplantation into younger embryos. We find that apical progenitors are temporally plastic and can re-enter past molecular, electrophysiological and neurogenic states when exposed to an earlier-stage environment by sensing dynamic changes in extracellular Wnt. By contrast, intermediate progenitors are committed progenitors that lack such retrograde fate plasticity. These findings identify a diversity in the temporal plasticity of neocortical progenitors, revealing that some subtypes of cells can be untethered from their normal temporal progression to re-enter past developmental states.

ABSTRACTCold weather warfare is of increasing importance. Haemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death in military conflicts. We analysed the pressure of the Combat Application Tourniquet® Generation 7 (CAT), the SAM® Extremity Tourniquet (SAMXT) and the SOF® Tactical Tourniquet Wide Generation 4 (SOFTT) over different military cold weather clothing setups with a leg tourniquet trainer. We conducted a selective PubMed search and supplemented this with own experiences in cold weather medicine. The CAT and the SAMXT both reached the cut off value of 180mmHg in almost all applications. The SOFTT was unable to reach the 180mmHg limit in less than 50% of all applications in some clothing setups. We outline the influence of cold during military operations by presenting differences between military and civilian cold exposure. We propose a classification of winter warfare and identify caveats and alterations of Tactical Combat Casualty Care in cold weather warfare, with a special focus on control of bleeding. The application of tourniquets over military winter clothing is successful in principle, but effectiveness may vary for different tourniquet models. Soldiers are more affected and impaired by cold than civilians. Military commanders must be made aware of medical alterations in cold weather warfare.

Our conception of programmed cell death has expanded beyond apoptosis to encompass additional forms of cell suicide, including necroptosis and pyroptosis; these cell death modalities are notable for their diverse and emerging roles in engaging the immune system. Concurrently, treatments that activate the immune system to combat cancer have achieved remarkable success in the clinic. These two scientific narratives converge to provide new perspectives on the role of programmed cell death in cancer therapy. This review focuses on our current understanding of the relationship between apoptosis and antitumor immune responses and the emerging evidence that induction of alternate death pathways such as necroptosis could improve therapeutic outcomes.

Kant assents to Leibniz’s claim that purely positive concepts cannot contradict each other. Albeit counter-intuitive, this claim is well-grounded in Kant’s views on contradiction and conceptual content. First, according to Kant, a contradiction only occurs if a predicate is affirmed and negated; second, all concepts except of those that pertain to God covertly contain negative marks. Although I shall argue that Kant’s account fails, it is still interesting in that it tackles an overlooked problem, namely how implicit contradictions are possible.

The tracing of neuronal cell lineages is critical to our understanding of cellular diversity in the CNS. This protocol describes a fluorescence birth-dating technique to label, track and isolate isochronic cohorts of newborn cells in the CNS in vivo in mouse embryos. Injection of carboxyfluorescein esters (CFSEs) into the cerebral ventricle allows pulse labeling of mitotic (M phase) ventricular zone (VZ) progenitors and their progeny across the CNS, a procedure we termed FlashTag. Specificity for M-phase apical progenitors is a result of the somata of these cells transiently contacting the ventricular wall during this cell-cycle phase, exposing them to CFSE injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. Using this approach, the developmental trajectory of progenitors and their daughter neurons can be tracked. Labeled cells can be imaged ex vivo or in fixed tissue, targeted for electrophysiological experiments or isolated using FACS for cell culture or (single-cell) RNA sequencing. Multiple embryos can be labeled within 30 min. The dye is retained for several weeks, allowing labeled cells to be identified postnatally. This protocol describes the labeling procedure using in utero injection, the isolation of live cells using FACS and the processing of labeled tissue for immunohistochemistry.

We computed interior structure models of Mercury and analyzed their viscoelastic tidal response. The models are consistent with MErcury Surface, Space Environment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission inferences of mean density, mean moment of inertia, moment of inertia of mantle and crust, and tidal Love number k2. Based on these constraints we predict the tidal Love number h2to be in the range from 0.77 to 0.93. Using an Andrade rheology for the mantle the tidal phase‐lag is predicted to be 4° at maximum. The corresponding tidal dissipation in Mercury's silicate mantle induces a surface heat flux smaller than 0.16 mW/m2. We show that, independent of the adopted mantle rheological model, the ratio of the tidal Love numbers h2and k2provides a better constraint on the maximum inner core size with respect to other geodetic parameters (e.g., libration amplitude or a single Love number), provided it responds elastically to the solar tide. For inner cores larger than 700 km, and with the expected determination of h2from the upcoming BepiColombo mission, it may be possible to constrain the size of the inner core. The measurement of the tidal phase‐lag with an accuracy better than ≈0.5° would further allow constraining the temperature at the core‐mantle boundary for a given grain size and therefore improve our understanding of the physical structure of Mercury's core. Due to the proximity to the Sun, tides are raised on Mercury in a similar way the Moon causes ocean tides on Earth. Although Mercury's surface is rigid, a large fluid core causes a tidal wave propagating around the planet. Using results from NASA's MESSENGER mission, we calculate that the surface should also deform by around 20 cm to 2.40 m during each Mercury orbit around the Sun. This is an amplitude that could be detected with a laser altimeter, one of the instruments onboard the upcoming BepiColombo mission. We show how the interior structure of the planet, in particular the size of an inner solid core, can be constrained by the tidal measurement. This result will help us to better understand Mercury's evolution and to constrain models explaining the magnetic field generation in Mercury's iron core. We predict Mercury's tidal Love number h2to be in the range from 0.77 to 0.93 based on interior models compliant with MESSENGER resultsThe ratio h2/k2may constrain the size of the inner core, provided it responds elastically to the solar tideUsing an Andrade rheology Mercury's phase‐lag is estimated to be 4° at maximum corresponding to a surface heat flux smaller than 0.16 mW/m2

Hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) is a derivative of capacitive deionization (CDI) method for water desalination, in which one carbon electrode is replaced with a redox-active intercalation electrode, resulting in substantial improvements in ion removal capacity over traditional CDI. The search for high-performing intercalation host compounds is ongoing. In this study, two-layered manganese oxides (LMOs), with sodium (Na-birnessite) and magnesium (Mg-buserite) ions stabilizing the interlayer region, were for the first time evaluated as HCDI electrodes for the removal of ions from NaCl and MgCl2solutions to understand structural/compositional dynamics and electrochemical stability of LMO electrodes over extended cycling. Both materials demonstrated excellent initial ion removal performance with the highest capacities of 37.2 mg g–1(637 μmol g–1) exhibited by Mg-buserite in NaCl solution and 50.2 mg g–1(527 μmol g–1) exhibited by Na-birnessite in MgCl2solution. The performance decay observed over the course of 200 ion adsorption/ion release cycles was attributed to two major phenomena: oxidation of carbon electrode and evolution of the structure/composition of LMO electrodes. The latter involves disorder in stacking of Mn–O layers and changes in the interlayer spacing/interlayer ions reflecting the composition of the solution being desalinated. This work highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between the HCDI electrodes and solutions containing different ions and the structural analysis of redox-active material in intercalation electrodes over the course of operation for gaining insight into the fundamental processes governing desalination performance and developing next-generation HCDI systems with long-term electrochemical stability.

Fifty-three cattle of unknown serologic status that were not persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were commingled with 10 cattle that were PI with different strains of BVDV, and were monitored for an extended commingle period using a reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) BVDV assay on various sample types. Transient infections with BVDV were also assessed by virus isolation, virus neutralization (VN) assays, and direct buffy coat 5′-UTR sequencing. Infections were demonstrated in all cattle by RT-rtPCR; however, the detection rate was dependent on the type of sample. Buffy coat samples demonstrated a significantly greater number of positive results (p≤ 0.05) than either serum or nasal swab samples. Presence of elevated BVDV VN titers at the onset inversely correlated with the number of test days positive that an individual would be identified by RT-rtPCR from buffy coat samples, and directly correlated with the average Ct values accumulated over all RT-rtPCR test days from buffy coat samples. Both single and mixed genotype/subgenotype/strain infections were detected in individual cattle by direct sample 5′-UTR sequencing. A BVDV-2a strain from a PI animal was found to be the predominant strain infecting 64% of all non-PI cattle; BVDV-1b strains originating from 3 PI cattle were never detected in non-PI cattle. Although direct sample 5′-UTR sequencing was capable of demonstrating mixed BVDV infections, identifying all strains suspected was not always efficient or possible.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.

The article reports on a proposed 18-unit housing development in Swanzey, New Hampshire, scheduled for an on-site public hearing on August 21. The project, pitched by Jamison VanDyke, includes two eight-unit buildings and the conversion of an existing three-family building into a duplex, targeting higher salary professionals to meet the housing demand in the area. Concerns from neighbors include increased traffic and potential changes to the neighborhood.

Apoptosis represents a key anti-cancer therapeutic effector mechanism. During apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) typically kills cells even in the absence of caspase activity. Caspase activity can also have a variety of unwanted consequences that include DNA damage. We therefore investigated whether MOMP-induced caspase-independent cell death (CICD) might be a better way to kill cancer cells. We find that cells undergoing CICD display potent pro-inflammatory effects relative to apoptosis. Underlying this, MOMP was found to stimulate NF-κB activity through the downregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Strikingly, engagement of CICD displays potent anti-tumorigenic effects, often promoting complete tumour regression in a manner dependent on intact immunity. Our data demonstrate that by activating NF-κB, MOMP can exert additional signalling functions besides triggering cell death. Moreover, they support a rationale for engaging caspase-independent cell death in cell-killing anti-cancer therapies.

The U.S. military offers comprehensive scholarships to medical students to help offset costs in exchange for either reserve or active duty service commitments. Our goal was to describe to what degree newly admitted students to Michigan State University's College of Human Medicine were aware of and interested in these opportunities.