Search

Autor(en): Alexander Wallner Hacker abwehren, NIS 2.0 umsetzen, KI bereitstellen und Altsysteme modernisieren - die IT der öffentlichen Verwaltung steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Die IT-Abteilungen der öffentlichen Verwaltungen stehen unter [...]

We investigate theoretically the influence of strong light-matter coupling on the initial steps of the phototriggered singlet-fission process. In particular we focus on intramolecular singlet fission in a TIPS-pentacene dimer derivative described by a vibronic Hamiltonian including the optically active singlet excited states, doubly excited and charge transfer states, as well as the final triplet–triplet pair state. Quantum dynamics simulations of up to four dimers in the cavity indicate that the modified resonance condition imposed by the cavity strongly quenches the passage through the intermediate charge transfer and double-excitation states, thus largely reducing the triplet–triplet yield in the bare system. Subsequently, we modify the system parameters and construct a model Hamiltonian where the optically active singlet excitation lies below the final triplet–triplet state such that the yield of the bare system becomes insignificant. In this case we find that using the upper polariton as the doorway state for photoexcitation can lead to a much enhanced yield. This pathway is operative provided that the system is sufficiently rigid to prevent vibronic losses from the upper polariton to the dark-states manifold.

Fourth-degree calvarial burns are complex in management with regard to determining bone vitality and subsequent choice of defect coverage. Distinguishing viable and nonviable bone can be challenging. Tetracycline bone fluorescence is well described and in common use in maxillofacial patients with bisphosphonate osteonecrosis and has been reported in septic orthopedic surgery specifically periprosthetic joint infection. On the basis of viable bone fluoresces, the concept of polychrome fluorescence was extrapolated as a diagnostic tool for calvarial burns. Bone fluorescence presents an efficient, non-invasive, and cost-effective diagnostic tool delineating exact necrotic margins in fourth-degree burns ensuring targeted bone-sparing debridement. This report describes the use of polychrome bone fluorescence as an intraoperative tool including a single-center case report with fourth-degree calvarial burns.

The Department of Defense (DoD) relies on the private sector to create many of the new technologies required to maintain battlefield dominance. A surprisingly large number of these innovations are [...]

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2–4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bceand earlier3,5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6,7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.

Graphical Abstract

To examine and compare the two most common types of buffer seals--high-sealability and friction optimized seals--and the parameters that extend their service lives, engineers developed a test rig that covers [...]

AT A GLANCE: * Buffer seals protect equipment against pressure spikes. * The key factor with buffer seals is the thin film of oil it lets past. * The main [...]

This report investigates the impact of different heat treatment parameters and varying Al-contents on the microstructure of Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) steels. Therefore, three lean-medium-Mn-steels with Al-contents between 0.3 and 0.9 wt-% underwent heat treatments according to Quenching & Partitioning regimes. For comparison, the steels were subjected to a transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite (TBF) process. In both cases, the samples were fully austenitized at 900 °C for 120 s, using dilatometry. For the Quenching & Partitioning process, the quenching temperature (TQ) ranged from 210 °C to 330 °C, while the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite samples were cooled to 360 °C. Afterwards, the specimen were re-heated to the partitioning temperature (TP) of 400 °C and isothermally held for partitioning times (tp) of 40, 120 and 200 s. Subsequently, these steels were analyzed with regard to their phase fractions and hardness. The results indicated that in the Quenching & Partitioning process, the microstructure was primarily influenced by the partitioning temperature (TQ), while partitioning times (tp) played a minor role due to the time-independent martensitic transformation during quenching. In general, rising quenching temperature (TQ) led to an increase in retained austenite (RA) fraction. In the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite (TBF) process, a substantial influence of partitioning times (tp) was found, which can be explained by the kinetics of the isothermal bainitic transformation. Regardless of the heat treatment concept, an increasing Al-content contributed to elevated retained austenite contents.

The machine building industry has certainly changed: Extensive and sophisticated control programs contain the core know-how and make today's machines more flexible and productive. Although software and data is important [...]

Various surgical approaches and pedicles have been described to ensure safe and satisfactory results in reduction mammaplasty. Although different breasts require different techniques, complications are common. This study aims to assess the incidence of complications following primary bilateral reduction mammaplasties across a diverse range of pedicle methods within one of the largest single-center cohorts to date, utilizing machine learning methodologies. A retrospective review of primary bilateral reduction mammaplasties at a single surgical center between January 2016 and March 2020 was performed. Patient medical records and surgical details were reviewed. Complications were compared among three different pedicles. Binary recursive partitioning (CART) machine learning was employed to identify risk factors. In total, 1021 patients (2142 breasts) met the inclusion criteria. The superomedial pedicle was the most frequently utilized (48.0%), with an overall complication rate of 21%. While pedicle-based subgroups demonstrated significant demographic variance, overall complication rates differed most between the inferior (24.9%) and the superomedial pedicle (17.7%). Statistical analysis identified resection weight as the sole significant independent risk factor (OR 1.001, p= 0.007). The machine learning model revealed that total resection weights exceeding 1700 g significantly increased the risk of overall complications, while a sternal notch to nipple (SNN)-distance > 36.5 cm correlated with complications involving the nipple–areola complex (NAC). Higher resection weights are associated with elevated complication rates. Preoperative assessment utilizing SNN-distance can aid in predicting NAC complications.

Lebensmittelbedingte Krisen in der Vergangenheit zeigen die Notwendigkeit auf, dass die Lebensmittelüberwachungsbehörden Risiken früher antizipieren müssen, um vorausschauend agieren zu können. Daher wurde am Bayerischen Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL) ein Frühwarnsystem etabliert, das neu aufkommende Gesundheitsrisiken und Betrugspotentiale bei Lebensmitteln frühzeitig erkennen soll. Die methodische Herangehensweise dieses Frühwarnsystems setzt an verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Risikoentwicklung an und kann sowohl prospektiv als auch retrospektiv sein. Einerseits ermöglicht das Scannen eines weit gefassten Umfeldes der Lebensmittelproduktion, dass Risiken prospektiv erkannt werden können (Horizon Scanning). Dafür müssen relevante Einflussfaktoren (Driver) identifiziert, beobachtet und ausgewertet werden. Andererseits sollen durch retrospektive Fallbetrachtungen Ursache-Wirkungsketten aufgeklärt werden, um die Erkenntnisse auf andere Produktgruppen, Herstellungsprozesse etc. zu übertragen und gegebenenfalls neue Driverzu identifizieren (Root Cause Analysis). Ferner soll die Entwicklung von Daten aus der Lebensmittelüberwachung, z. B. Daten aus dem europäischen Schnellwarnsystem für Lebens- und Futtermittel (RASFF), bayernweiten Laboruntersuchungen und Betriebskontrollen beobachtet und ausgewertet werden. Der multidisziplinäre Charakter des LGL ist essentiell für die Umsetzung der methodischen Ansätze, die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten und die Einleitung der daraus folgenden Konsequenzen, z. B. Betriebskontrollen und Probenuntersuchungen. In diesem Artikel werden die Zielsetzungen und die methodischen Ansätze des Projektes vorgestellt. Die Gewinnung von systematisch erhobenen Informationen und Informationsfragmenten sowie deren Bewertung werden grundlegend beschrieben. Das hier vorgestellte Frühwarnsystem leistet bereits jetzt einen Beitrag dazu, die bisher praktizierte risikoorientierte Lebensmittelüberwachung um wichtige, risikorelevante Aspekte zu erweitern. Recent and past food scandals highlight the urgent need for food safety authorities to anticipate future risks in order to enable improved and proactive response mechanisms. With this goal in mind, the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL) has established an early warning system aimed at early identification of potential health risks and fraudulent practices in the food sector. The early warning approach allows intervention at different stages of risk development. On the one hand, the scanning of a broad area of the food production chain (horizon scanning) may enable prospective risk identification. To this end, relevant factors of influence (drivers) need to be identified, observed and analyzed. On the other hand, the retrospective analysis of case studies may unravel novel cause-effect associations that could be transferred to other products and production technologies, possibly leading to the identification of new drivers (root cause analysis). Additionally, various datasets emanating from food safety authorities, for example data from the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and from Bavarian-wide laboratory analyses and food business inspections, will be closely observed and analyzed. The multidisciplinary character of the LGL has proven to be essential for the realization of the early warning approach, the analysis of inflowing data and implementation of consequences such as food business inspections and sampling for analysis. This article details the objectives and methodical approaches of the project. The acquisition of systematically compiled information as well as its analysis and assessment are comprehensively described. The early warning system presented here has already contributed significantly to the risk-oriented food inspection practiced to date, by integrating novel risk-relevant aspects.

ObjectiveChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are among the most vulnerable patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate their prevalence and risk factors for medication misunderstanding and potential harm (PH) at discharge.Design and settingCross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre.Study populationCMC admitted at Medical University of Vienna between May 2018 and January 2019.InterventionCMC and caregivers underwent a structured interview at discharge; medication understanding and PH for adverse events were assessed by a hybrid approach.Main outcome measuresMedication misunderstanding rate; PH.ResultsFor 106 included children (median age 9.6 years), a median number of 5.0 (IQR 3.0–8.0) different medications were prescribed. 83 CMC (78.3%) demonstrated at least one misunderstanding, in 33 CMC (31.1%), potential harm was detected, 5 of them severe. Misunderstandings were associated with more medications (r=0.24, p=0.013), new prescriptions (r=0.23, p=0.019), quality of medication-related communication (r=−0.21, p=0.032), low level of education (p=0.013), low language skills (p=0.002) and migratory background (p=0.001). Relative risk of PH was 2.27 times increased (95% CI 1.23 to 4.22) with new medications, 2.14 times increased (95% CI 1.10 to 4.17) with migratory background.ConclusionDespite continuous care at a tertiary care centre and high level of subjective satisfaction, high prevalence of medication misunderstanding with relevant risk for PH was discovered in CMC and their caregivers. This demonstrates the need of interventions to improve patient safety, with stratification of medication-related communication for high-risk groups and a restructured discharge process focusing on detection of misunderstandings (‘unknown unknowns’).

Wir präsentieren einen 39-jährigen Mann mit spontaner Karotisdissektion, die sich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auf ein molekulargenetisch nachgewiesenes Loeys-Dietz-Syndrom (LDS) zurückführen lässt. Das sehr seltene, autosomal dominant vererbte Syndrom manifestiert sich üblicherweise in der Kindheit mit der typischen Trias Hypertelorismus, Gaumenspalte und einem Aortenaneurysma. Typisch sind auch Aneurysmen in anderen Gefäßen, arterielle Tortuositäten und kraniofaziale Charakteristika. Im präsentierten Fall konnten nur sehr diskrete Hinweise für eine bestehende Bindegewebsschwäche gefunden werden, sodass wir von einer sehr geringen Penetranz des Gens ausgehen. Die im Rahmen der erweiterten Diagnostik detektierten Gefäßveränderungen müssen engmaschig überwacht werden. Insbesondere die Verlaufskontrolle eines Aortenaneurysmas und intrakranieller Aneurysmen ist zu beachten. Eine molekulargenetische Beratung von Familienangehörigen ist angezeigt. Unser Fallbericht zeigt auf, dass bei „spontanen“ Zervikalarteriendissektionen immer nach einer angeborenen Bindegewebsschwäche gesucht werden sollte. Eine molekulargenetische Abklärung sollte niederschwellig angeboten werden, da die Identifizierung einer bislang nicht bekannten angeborenen Bindegewebsschwäche wesentlich zur Primär- und Sekundärprophylaxe eines Hirninfarktes beiträgt.

ABSTRACTA total of 48 piglets with an average weight of 26 kg were allocated to 4 experimental groups of 12 animals, balanced according to litter, sex and weight, and fattened on feed containing 0, 3, 6, or 9% of Alphitobius diaperinus meal (ADM) replacing soybean meal (SOY) as protein source. The control feed contained 10.7% SOY while in the 9% ADM feed SOY was completely replaced. Feed was accessible ad libitumin transponder-controlled feeders. Feed consumption and fattening performance records started when the animals reached 35 kg. The 3-way crossbred animals (Landrace x Large White sows mated to Duroc, Pietrain, or Large White sire line bores) were slaughtered at a target carcass weight of 86 kg. No linear effect of ADM on daily gain and feed consumption was found. No effect on lean meat content nor on any of the meat quality traits was observed. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the backfat increased with increasing amount of ADM in the feed. It is concluded that ADM may replace SOY in pig feed without exerting detrimental effects on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality except for a higher PUFA-content in the adipose tissue.

The article discusses the increasing presence and influence of women in the luxury watch market. It highlights the rise of female collectors and their impact on the industry. The article features a roundtable discussion with three women who have become major players in horology, discussing topics such as the shifting demographics of watch buyers, the role of women in leadership positions, and emerging trends in watch preferences. The article emphasizes the need for the industry to recognize and cater to the growing female market. [Extracted from the article]

Der Beitrag untersucht Mündlichkeit in wissenschaftlichen Vorträgen von Sprecherinnen und Sprechern mit Deutsch als L1 aus dem GeWiss-Korpus und vergleicht diese mit Interaktionsdomänen aus dem Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus Gesprochenes Deutsch (FOLK). Zudem werden ausgewählte Mündlichkeitsphänomene (Abweichungen von der Standardlautung und die Verwendung von Modalpartikeln) in wissenschaftlichen Vorträgen analysiert.

ABSTRACTThe Swedish gender-neutral pronoun (GNP) henhas been in popular use since its (re)introduction to the public in 2012. Earlier research, analysing newspapers, academic papers and blogs, shows two uses of hen: when gender is unknown and when gender is irrelevant. However, there is a lack of studies of verbal, situated, uses of hen. In this article, we analyse recordings of year-eight students using henwhen discussing a Nemicomic. Drawing on discursive psychology, we explore how students negotiate the gender of two unknown characters, and co-construct henas the proper pronoun use. Adding to previous research, the analysis shows how students make both gendering as well as not gendering into accountable, repairable actions, and how they verbally use henas a norm-critical other-repair, specifically as an action promoting GNP use. Thus, this exploratory case study contributes knowledge on the situated use of hen, something hitherto unexplored. These results are in turn important to research on gender-neutral pronouns, and our knowledge on their situated use, as well as norm-critical work in schools.

'Here's the hard truth: In West Africa, Ebola is now an epidemic of the likes that we have not seen before. It's spiraling out of control. It is getting worse. [...]

Yet, some engineering teams are sceptical about the extent to which predictive maintenance delivers measurable benefits. Organisations can find it difficult to determine a clear return on nvestment. Many are [...]

Healthcare ethics consultation has been developed, practiced, and analyzed internationally. However, only a few professional standards have evolved globally in this field that would be comparable to standards in other areas of healthcare. This article cannot compensate for this situation. It contributes to the ongoing debate on professionalization by presenting experiences with ethics consultation in Austria, though. After exploring its contexts and providing an overview of one of its primary ethics programs, the article analyzes the underlying assumptions of “ethics consultation” as an essential effort on the path to professionalize ethics consultation.

In this work, we used small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering to reveal the shape of the protein-DNA complex of the Pseudomonas aeruginosatranscriptional regulator MexR, a member of the multiple antibiotics resistance regulator (MarR) family, when bound to one of its native DNA binding sites. Several MarR-like proteins, including MexR, repress the expression of efflux pump proteins by binding to DNA on regulatory sites overlapping with promoter regions. When expressed, efflux proteins self-assemble to form multiprotein complexes and actively expel highly toxic compounds out of the host organism. The mutational pressure on efflux-regulating MarR family proteins is high since deficient DNA binding leads to constitutive expression of efflux pumps and thereby supports acquired multidrug resistance. Understanding the functional outcome of such mutations and their effects on DNA binding has been hampered by the scarcity of structural and dynamic characterization of both free and DNA-bound MarR proteins. Here, we show how combined neutron and x-ray small-angle scattering of both states in solution support a conformational selection model that enhances MexR asymmetry in binding to one of its promoter-overlapping DNA binding sites.

In this study, Adell et al. investigated the bases of the selection of certain aneuploidy patterns in tumors, and by establishing time-resolved long-term adaptation protocols, they found that human cells adapt to persistent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibition by acquiring specific chromosome arm gains and losses. They conclude that aneuploidy-induced gene dosage imbalances of individual mitotic regulators are sufficient for altering mitotic timing to reduce CIN.

BackgroundThe pandemic has upended much clinical care, irrevocably changing our health systems and thrusting emergency physicians into a time of great uncertainty and change. This study is a follow-up to a survey that examined the early pandemic experience among Canadian emergency physicians and aimed to qualitatively describe the experiences of these physicians during the global pandemic. The study was conducted at a time when Canadian COVID-19 case numbers were low.MethodsThe investigators engaged in an interview-based study that used an interpretive description analytic technique, sensitised by the principles of phenomenology. One-to-one interviews were conducted, transcribed and then analysed to establish a codebook, which was subsequently grouped into key themes. Results underwent source triangulation (with survey data from a similar period) and investigator-driven audit trail analysis.ResultsA total of 16 interviews (11 female, 5 male) were conducted between May and September 2020. The isolated themes on emergency physicians’ experiences during the early pandemic included: (1) disruption and loss of emergency department shift work; (2) stress of COVID-19 uncertainty and information bombardment; (3) increased team bonding; (4) greater personal life stress; (5) concern for patients’ isolation, miscommunication and disconnection from care; (6) emotional distress.ConclusionsCanadian emergency physicians experienced emotional and psychological distress during the early COVID-19 pandemic, at a time when COVID-19 prevalence was low. This study’s findings could guide future interventions to protect emergency physicians against pandemic-related distress.

Digital twins are representations of real-world systems in the digital world, relying on physical system data to optimise, manipulate, detect, and interact. The requirements of digital twins diverge depending on the application in focus. The complexity ranges from simple to highly complex use cases, which increases setup time and reduces maintainability. Therefore, different representations and views of the digital twin are necessary, e.g., file type conversions or abstractions of geometry. Standards that try to solve these problems are ISO 21597, by providing containerisation and linkage of data, and ITU-T Y.3090 and ISO 23247, by providing frameworks to support the creation process of digital twins. Based on these standards, this paper aims to enable a holistic view of digital twin applications in flexible manufacturing cells to reduce the implementation effort when the system is installed or changes. We identify a digital twin's most relevant features, parameters, and assets. This feature set is categorised regarding the frequency of changes. The main observable manufacturing elements are machine tools, robots, peripheral devices like autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), manufacturing utilities like tools, and processes. Various information systems depend on or interact with these manufacturing cells, e.g., CAM, PLM, MES, tool management, fleet control, and cell control. While applying the framework of ISO 23247 to a flexible manufacturing cell, we found that life cycle changes are only considered for products and not for the digital twin itself. Therefore we try to emphasise life cycle changes by linking the manufacturing cell to a life cycle meta-layer, simplifying the design, deployment, and updates of digital twin applications. This linkage remains valid through changes, reducing application maintenance effort by allowing re-instantiation of the applications. Therefore, a multidimensional representation of the physical layer can address rapidly changing real-time data to hardly changing life cycle information.

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are complex systems that regularly change the system behavior. One method to deal with this is virtual commissioning (VC). The new behavior needs to be implemented in the individual machines and the RMS-control and tested and verified afterward. Although various concepts for modeling behavior exist, simulations often lack interpreting and testing. This paper proposes a methodology for simulating and testing the functionality of RMS based on different behavior descriptions. A Proof of concept shows the first implementation of this methodology using a CAE platform combined with python.

Development of standard specifications and test methods for shape memory alloys (SMAs) in the context of actuator materials and components are outlined. A material specification centers on mill product wrought NiTi or NiTi + X + X′ based alloys, where X and X′ can be any alloying element addition to the base NiTi. This standard is aimed toward specifying the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical requirements of NiTi-based alloys. Two newly proposed standard test methods are aimed toward expanding the applicability of the following published SMA actuator standards: E3097—Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling (UCFTC) and E3098—Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Pre-strain and Thermal Free Recovery (UPFR). First, Force-Controlled Repeated Thermal Cycling (FCRTC), addresses repeated thermal cycling under a constant force and associated terminology. FCRTC’s primary objective is to address failure with regard to the SMA material’s ability to perform its function as an actuator for an application’s required lifecycle. Second, Constant Torque Thermal Cycling (CTTC) deals with thermally cycling SMAs under a constant torque for rotary actuator applications. Key features of each proposed standard and progress on their development are outlined, considering novelty and applicability to actuation from raw material to final actuator component in its application.

Gallibacteriumspp., particularly G. anatis, have received much attention as poultry pathogens in recent years. We report here the presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of 69 Gallibacteriumisolates obtained from 2,204 diagnostic submissions of broiler and layer chickens in 2019–2021. Gallibacterium-positive chickens had lesions primarily in the respiratory tract, reproductive tract, and related serosal surfaces. Gallibacteriumspp. were initially identified based on their typical cultural characteristics on blood agar. The isolates were confirmed by a genus-specific PCR spanning 16S-23S rRNA and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed distinct clades. Of the 69 isolates, 68 clustered with the reference strains of G. anatisand 1 with Gallibacteriumgenomospecies 1 and 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 58 of the 69 isolates by a MIC method showed variable responses to antimicrobials. The isolates were all susceptible to enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, and gentamicin. There was a high level of susceptibility to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (98.0%), streptomycin (98.0%), amoxicillin (84.0%), sulfadimethoxine (71.0%), and neomycin (71.0%). All of the isolates were resistant to tylosin. There was resistance to penicillin (98.0%), erythromycin (95.0%), clindamycin (94.0%), novobiocin (90.0%), tetracycline (88.0%), oxytetracycline (76.0%), and sulfathiazole (53.0%). A high rate of intermediate susceptibility was observed for spectinomycin (67.0%) and sulfathiazole (40.0%). Our findings indicate a potential role of G. anatisas an important poultry pathogen and cause of subsequent disease, alone or in combination with other pathogens. Continuous monitoring and an antimicrobial susceptibility assay are recommended for effective treatment and disease control.

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a high risk of developing postpartum type 2 diabetes. Strategies to prevent postpartum type 2 diabetes are important to reduce the epidemic of diabetes and its societal impact. Breastfeeding was reported to improve early postpartum glucose tolerance and reduce the subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether breastfeeding influences short- and long-term postpartum diabetes outcomes, women with GDM (n = 304) participating in the prospective German GDM study were followed from delivery for up to 19 years postpartum for diabetes development. All participants were recruited between 1989 and 1999. Postpartum diabetes developed in 147 women and was dependent on the treatment received during pregnancy (insulin vs. diet), BMI, and presence/absence of islet autoantibodies. Among islet autoantibody-negative women, breastfeeding was associated with median time to diabetes of 12.3 years compared with 2.3 years in women who did not breastfeed. The lowest postpartum diabetes risk was observed in women who breastfed for >3 months. On the basis of these results, we recommend that breastfeeding should be encouraged among these women because it offers a safe and feasible low-cost intervention to reduce the risk of subsequent diabetes in this high-risk population., Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in around 4% of pregnancies and is defined as glucose intolerance with an onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy (1). GDM is known to increase [...]