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A report from Gold Coast, Australia discusses the complex decision-making process in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The researchers argue that comprehensive and reasoned decision-making is crucial in these high-stakes environments. They propose a specific approach to decision-making in PICUs based on principles of procedural justice and pragmatic hermeneutics. The researchers suggest that further research is needed to evaluate the process, develop education for clinicians, and foster a culture that values high-quality deliberation. The study has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Sydney examined the presence of wrongly identified nucleotide sequences in high-impact-factor cancer research journals. The study found that 3.8% of nucleotide sequences in Molecular Cancer papers and 4.0% in Oncogene papers were wrongly identified. These wrongly identified sequences were distributed across a significant number of papers, including those from 2020. The study highlights the risks of relying on journal impact factors or citations as indicators of research quality. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Newcastle in Australia discusses the importance of scope of practice regulation in medicine for patient safety, access to care, and professional autonomy. The paper explores the impact of these regulations on healthcare delivery, professional responsibilities, and patient outcomes. It highlights the benefits and drawbacks of rigorous scope of practice regulations, including their impact on clinical innovation and access to care. The author proposes implementing a national, artificial intelligence-powered, real-time outcome monitoring system to address these challenges. The paper emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to regulation to avoid stifling clinical innovation while ensuring patient safety and professional accountability. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Monash University in Australia investigated the association between social isolation, lack of social support, and loneliness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in Australia and New Zealand. The review included five papers from three Australian longitudinal datasets, which reported no association between social health and the incidence of CVD in fully adjusted models. However, the researchers noted that the review was inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and reliance on self-reported CVD. They recommended further studies using medical diagnosis of CVD and considering the potential influence of residential remoteness to better understand the relationship between social health and CVD incidence in the region. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, explores the experiences of polio survivors and diabetic amputees with assistive technologies (AT). The research highlights the importance of AT in shaping narratives and identities, challenging ableist perspectives, and supporting participation in valued activities. By focusing on the cultural implications of embodiment and AT, the study contributes to existing literature on ageing with assistive technologies. The research, which involved 16 in-depth interviews with participants in the United States and Australia, was supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent meta-analysis conducted by Deakin University in Australia found that individuals with low language capacity in childhood are more likely to experience mental health problems in adulthood. The study reviewed nine research papers and concluded that a history of childhood language problems is associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression in adults. The findings suggest the importance of screening for language issues in adult mental health settings and adapting interventions to accommodate communicative needs. This research highlights the long-term impact of childhood language problems on mental health outcomes in adulthood. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Charles Sturt University in Bathurst, Australia, highlights the influence of dialect on the identification and severity of speech sound disorder (SSD) in Vietnamese-speaking children. The study reviewed five research papers on Vietnamese-speaking children living in Vietnam and Australia and found that the different dialects of Vietnamese affect the production of consonants, vowels, and tones. The researchers recommend considering dialect in diagnostic decision-making by adding dialectal variants to assessment score sheets and calculating accuracy of production based on both the standard form and dialectal form. Speech and language therapists are encouraged to report the percentage of consonants correct-standard (PCC-S) and percentage of consonants correct-dialect (PCC-D) to improve assessments and interventions for Vietnamese-speaking children with SSD. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic literature review conducted by investigators from the University of Queensland in Australia examines the relationship between housing and health. The review analyzed 59 peer-reviewed journal papers published in English between 2010 and 2020, focusing on the health impacts of housing. The research found that housing affects health through four key areas: neighborhood or context, physical building, housing market, and housing policy. The findings provide valuable information for future research and can assist decision-makers and planners in creating healthy cities. The study was supported by the University of Queensland's School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Monash University in Australia focused on online interventions for parents of children with additional needs to improve their mental health and well-being. The research found that these interventions have the potential to support parents who experience compromised physical and mental health due to caregiving tasks. The study included 30 papers that met inclusion criteria, with significant positive effects on mental health, stress, and well-being reported post-intervention. The research highlights the importance of occupational therapists in guiding parents towards evidence-based interventions to address their mental health needs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent meta-analysis conducted by researchers at the University of Sydney explored the relationship between death anxiety and mental illness symptoms, finding a moderate correlation between the two. The study included data from 104 papers and highlighted the transdiagnostic role of death anxiety across various disorders. The findings suggest potential implications for treating death anxiety directly to enhance long-term therapy benefits. This research was supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent systematic review conducted by the Australian National University focused on workplace bullying of psychiatric trainees. The study found that psychiatric trainees reported substantial levels of bullying, with perpetrators often being consultants, managers, or peers. The research highlighted the need for further studies to evaluate the current levels and nature of bullying in order to develop strategies for prevention and management. The full report can be found in the BJPsych Bulletin, and more information is available from the Australian National University School of Medicine and Psychology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Newcastle in Singapore focused on the effectiveness of peer support in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress among migrant construction workers. The study involved training participants in peer support techniques and providing episodic support by trained counselors. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in depression, anxiety, and stress levels among the participants. This research highlights the importance of peer support interventions in improving the mental health of migrant workers in the construction sector in Singapore. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia, discusses the challenges of protein structure prediction (PSP) in bioinformatics and drug discovery. The research highlights the need for more sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to address the complexity of PSP, especially in template-free prediction. The study provides a comprehensive review of current AI perspectives on template-free PSP research, outlining future directions and challenges in the field. This peer-reviewed research aims to bridge the gap in understanding PSP for AI researchers and offers insights into the state-of-the-art in protein structure prediction. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the University of Wollongong in Australia discusses the importance of professional learning (PL) for preschool educators and its impact on child outcomes. The research highlights that higher educator qualifications and training are associated with more positive child outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for effective PL programs that incorporate credible information, manage educators' cognitive load, model new learning, and encourage self-monitoring. The research concludes that PL has the potential to foster a positive shift in educator practices. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Wollongong in Australia discusses the process of applying for ethics approval in primary care research. The researchers highlight several factors that can enhance ethics applications, such as increased consumer involvement, comprehensive literature reviews, researcher training in ethical research and clinical trials, the use of online platforms for participant information and consent, and consideration of the risks of genomic research or research in subpopulations. The paper emphasizes the importance of protecting the community, clinicians, and researchers when preparing ethics applications. The research has been peer-reviewed and can be found in the Australian Journal of General Practice. [Extracted from the article]

A scoping review conducted by the University of Queensland in Australia examined open-access online resources related to feeding and nutrition for children under 5 years of age. The review found 1,067 resources that were appraised, with 45% being paper-based, 47% online content, and 8% audio-visual resources. Only 10% of the resources were culturally tailored and 3% were translated into languages other than English. The researchers concluded that creating an open-access resource hub would benefit families and professionals involved in the nutritional care of young children. [Extracted from the article]

A scoping review conducted by researchers at the University of Newcastle in Australia explores the issue of weight stigma among dental professionals and in dental care settings. The review found that weight stigma in healthcare settings contributes to major health disparities. The study recommends further research to better understand and address weight stigma in dental settings, including its causes and consequences among dental professionals. Practical strategies for mitigating weight stigma, such as assessing one's own biases, are also suggested. The research emphasizes the need for awareness and action in addressing weight stigma in obesity-related practice and policy. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Central Queensland University in Australia explores the potential of digital twin-based teaching and learning practices in engineering education. The study suggests that engineering education providers should embrace digital transformation to align graduates with the demands of prospective industrial employers. The use of digital twins can enhance engineering higher education by incorporating Industry 4.0 components and other industrial advances, offering benefits such as cost-effectiveness, resource management, and immersive learning experiences. Collaboration with industry and professional development among educators are highlighted as crucial factors for successful implementation. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of digital twin technologies in education. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from James Cook University conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of urinary nephrin as a potential marker for early glomerular injury. The study included 15 research papers involving 1587 participants and found that urinary nephrin showed a sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.73 for detecting glomerular injury. The research concluded that urinary nephrin could be a promising marker for the detection of acute and chronic renal injury, potentially providing valuable insights in clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Newcastle in Australia discusses how speech-language pathologists assess and treat spoken discourse after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study aimed to determine the alignment of clinical practice with research evidence and recommendations by surveying 70 participants from Australia, the United States, UK, and New Zealand. Results showed that SLPs generally followed recommendations in the research literature, incorporating an individualized, goal-based approach in managing spoken discourse after TBI. The study highlights the need for increased knowledge of assessment and treatment methods, training, and TBI-specific resources to better support SLP practice in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Melbourne discusses the importance of a public health approach to suicide prevention, focusing on key risk factors such as alcohol use, gambling, domestic violence, and suicide bereavement. The research emphasizes the societal influences on these risk factors and suggests universal interventions to address them effectively. Cultural factors and societal responses play a significant role in shaping these risk factors, with commercial entities being held accountable in cases of alcohol use and gambling. The study provides insights into potential interventions that could have substantial benefits at a population level. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service in Australia analyzes 1,048 presentations over five years in a child and youth mental health service following the implementation of a Zero Suicide Framework and Suicide Prevention Pathway. The study examines demographic variables, changes in presentations, and the effectiveness of the suicide prevention interventions provided. The findings suggest that a standardized approach to suicide prevention can improve consistency in patient management and may have implications for child mental health settings globally. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Southern Cross University in Lismore, Australia, have conducted a study on nature play in early childhood education, focusing on the use of visual diaries as a pedagogical tool. The study utilized participatory cartography to create visual and verbal mappings of nature play pedagogies by educators and academics, as well as visual mappings of nature play experiences by young children. The research concluded that visual diaries are a valuable tool for educators, facilitating collaborative artmaking moments with children and documenting nature play pedagogies effectively. This peer-reviewed study provides insights into the benefits of engaging visual diaries in early childhood education. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, explores the harmful effects of immigration detention on children seeking asylum. The report identifies the various adversities and trauma experienced by these children and proposes a conceptual framework to inform policy and prevent further harm. The framework highlights the impact of detention on the psychosocial development and mental health of refugee children, emphasizing the need for advocacy and political action to end this practice. The research concludes that immigration detention represents a preventable public health crisis and calls for urgent action to address the issue. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by investigators from Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, examined clinical care ratios for allied health professionals. The study collected data from eight Australian hospitals and analyzed information from 1,246 staff members in five larger professions. The research found that clinical care ratios are a useful tool for workload management and determining staffing levels for allied health professionals. The study recommends incorporating clinical care ratios into staffing requests and workload management tools to improve staff well-being and patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A scoping review conducted by researchers at the University of Newcastle in Australia examined the barriers and facilitators affecting the utilization of radiation therapy (RT) services. The review analyzed 340 studies and found that health professional influences, such as referral patterns and knowledge gaps, significantly impact RT utilization. The researchers concluded that future interventions should focus on improving health professional education to address these influences. The study was supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia and was published in the journal Radiotherapy and Oncology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Griffith University in Southport, Australia, examined the access to publicly funded bariatric surgery in Queensland. The study found that people living in regional areas of Queensland, particularly those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethnicity, have less access to healthcare compared to their metropolitan counterparts. The Bariatric Surgery Initiative (BSI) aims to address this gap by providing metabolic bariatric surgery as a public service accessible to all Queenslanders. The study revealed that more patients from metropolitan areas underwent surgery, possibly due to a lack of referrals from regional locations. However, the BSI has improved access to the service, and all patients, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, experienced significant health benefits after surgery. The research suggests that a state-wide central referral hub is an effective approach to providing equitable access to bariatric surgery regardless of location or ethnicity. The findings have implications for practitioners and provide a framework that can be extended to other specialty services and jurisdictions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia, explores the multidisciplinary approach to managing fatigue following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The researchers found that fatigue is a complex and chronic symptom that significantly impacts quality of life for TBI patients. The study highlights the need for further research and the development of interventions that target various components of health and function to effectively manage fatigue. The findings suggest that a team approach to fatigue management could reduce the impacts on everyday life for TBI patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of New South Wales examines the use of the term "minor attracted person" (MAPs) in academic research. The term, which originated in online pro-pedophile groups, has been controversially adopted by some researchers as a neutral alternative to "pedophile." The report finds that the term MAPs is operationalized in different ways, but generally portrays MAPs as an oppressed sexual minority subject to stigmatization and discrimination. However, the report cautions that collaborations between academics and pro-pedophile groups can minimize the risk and harm of child sexual abuse and undermine prevention and treatment efforts. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions - Cerebral Palsy. The report focuses on the Australian Centre for Health, Independence, Economic participation and Value Enhanced care for adolescents and young adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP-ACHIEVE), which is a Centre of Research Excellence funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The research emphasizes the importance of collaboration and involvement of individuals with lived experience of cerebral palsy and their families in the research process. The report provides insights into the values, structure, and strategy of CP-ACHIEVE, as well as examples of their collaborative approach. The research concludes by offering their experiences to assist other research teams in conducting collaborative research with individuals with lived experience of disability. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from the University of Canberra in Australia explores the relationship between brain activity and body motion in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study aims to determine the feasibility of using objective measures of brain activity and body motion for diagnosing and assessing PD. The researchers reviewed 24 selected papers from the literature, which utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for brain activity recording and sensors for motion assessment. The study found that the prefrontal cortex is the most commonly studied region of interest, and oxygenated haemoglobin concentration is the predominant metric used in fNIRS. The research emphasizes the importance of considering the relationship between brain activity and body motion measures, which has been neglected in the literature. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Nedlands; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Chemoprevention; Drug Research; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Pediatrics; Premedication; Risk and Prevention; Urinary Tract EN Nedlands Australia Australia and New Zealand Antibiotic Prophylaxis Chemoprevention Drug Research Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Pediatrics Premedication Risk and Prevention Urinary Tract 347 347 1 10/16/23 20231020 NES 231020 2023 OCT 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on Drug Research is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Nedlands, Australia, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "A first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children, and pathways of management have evolved over time. [Extracted from the article]

This paper focuses on the most common and contentious vaccine mandate reform in the contemporary United States: the elimination of nonmedical exemptions (NMEs) to school and daycare vaccine mandates. Keywords: Crawley; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Biological Products; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Legal Issues; Pediatrics; Public Health; Vaccination; Vaccines EN Crawley Australia Australia and New Zealand Biological Products Health and Medicine Immunization Legal Issues Pediatrics Public Health Vaccination Vaccines 542 542 1 10/16/23 20231020 NES 231020 2023 OCT 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on Immunization - Vaccines is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia have developed a 10-item core clinician experience measure (CEM-10) to assess the experiences of clinicians providing care in value-based healthcare (VBHC) initiatives. The CEM-10 consists of four domains: psychological safety, quality of care, clinician engagement, and interprofessional collaboration. The tool was validated through psychometric analysis and demonstrated good reliability. The CEM-10 can be used to compare clinician experiences across cohorts and can be embedded within evaluations of VBHC initiatives. This research contributes to the field of value-based healthcare. [Extracted from the article]

New research from Southern Cross University in Coolangatta, Australia explores consumer behavior towards plant-based and meat-reduced diets. The study aims to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the factors influencing consumer acceptance of these diets. The researchers conducted a literature review of 107 studies and proposed an alternative model that captures the relationships between different consumer dietary types, psychological discomfort, and the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior) framework. The proposed model may provide valuable insights for practitioners and future researchers interested in understanding the factors influencing consumer behavior in transitioning to plant-based and meat-reduced diets. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from investigators at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology - RMIT University explores the influence of patients' beliefs about medicines and their relationship with suboptimal medicine use in older adults. The study found that personal beliefs and beliefs about medicines may be associated with non-adherence and inappropriate medicine use. The researchers reviewed quantitative studies on this topic and found that stronger beliefs in the necessity of medicines and fewer concerns led to better adherence in most cases. However, further investigation is needed to understand the importance of necessity or concern beliefs in fostering adherence and to examine the influence of beliefs on polypharmacy and inappropriate medicine use. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we consider how Instagram is being used by sex educators to deploy discourses of resistance and erotics to educate about sex." Keywords: Clayton; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Gynecology; Health and Medicine; Sex Education; Women's Health EN Clayton Australia Australia and New Zealand Gynecology Health and Medicine Sex Education Women's Health 71 71 1 05/22/23 20230526 NES 230526 2023 MAY 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in Education - Sex Education. Data on Sex Education Discussed by Researchers at Monash University ("sex Is so Much More Than Penis In Vagina": Sex Education, Pleasure and Ethical Erotics On Instagram). [Extracted from the article]

The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Monash University, "Specifically, we put forward a "public reason ethics framework" for resolving ethical disputes and use the case of vaccine passports to demonstrate how it works. Keywords: Clayton; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Biological Products; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Health and Medicine; Immunization; RNA Viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; Vaccines; Viral; Virology EN Clayton Australia Australia and New Zealand Biological Products COVID-19 Coronavirus Health and Medicine Immunization RNA Viruses SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines Viral Virology 216 216 1 04/03/23 20230409 NES 230409 2023 APR 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Fresh data on Coronavirus - COVID-19 are presented in a new report. While a small literature on vaccine passports has sprung up over the past few years that considers their ethical pros and cons, in this paper we focus on the question of when vaccine passports are politically legitimate.". [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Clayton; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Studies; Data Integrity; Health and Medicine; Hospitals; Information Technology; Information and Data Validation; Mathematics; Women's Health EN Clayton Australia Australia and New Zealand Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Studies Data Integrity Health and Medicine Hospitals Information Technology Information and Data Validation Mathematics Women's Health 506 506 1 03/23/23 20230314 NES 230314 2023 MAR 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Current study results on Information Technology - Data Integrity have been published. For more information on this research see: Concerns About Data Integrity of 22 Randomized Controlled Trials In Women's Health. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Malaria Therapy for GeneralParalysis of the Insane At the Sunbury Hospital for the Insane InAustralia, 1925-6. Mosquito-Borne Diseases - Malaria Researchers detail new data in Mosquito-BorneDiseases - Malaria. [Extracted from the article]

A recent scoping review conducted by researchers at Deakin University in Australia explored the lived experiences of LGBT+ individuals with dementia and their care partners. The review found that LGBT+ individuals with dementia face multiple forms of disadvantage, including fear, discrimination, lack of services, and social isolation. However, their gender and sexuality differences also provided solace and support. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing the unique needs and experiences of LGBT+ individuals with dementia. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Technology Sydney discusses research findings on the use of suggested prices to enhance the profitability of pay what you want (PWYW) strategies. The study conducted five experiments to explore the impact of suggested prices on buyers' payments. The results showed that a higher suggested price led to increased payments, and this relationship was mediated by cost estimation. However, when a charitable element was present, increasing the suggested price did not stimulate higher payments. The research suggests that sellers using PWYW could use suggested prices to provide cost information, but it may not be suitable for products with a charitable component. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Monash University in Australia explores the role of care in the wellbeing of early childhood professionals. The study found that while these professionals understand the importance of self-care, it is more likely to be prioritized when promoted by leadership. Additionally, the study highlights the need for recognition and care from parents, center leaders, and colleagues. This research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by early childhood professionals and the importance of supporting their wellbeing. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Curtin University in Bentley, Australia, explores the association between early irritability in children and later internalizing and externalizing problems. The study analyzed 70 studies with a total of 831,913 participants and found small to moderate associations between infant irritability (0-12 months) and later symptoms, as well as toddler/preschool irritability (13-60 months) and later symptoms. The strength of the associations varied depending on how irritability was measured. The researchers emphasize the need for further research to accurately characterize irritability and understand the mechanisms underlying its relationship with later mental health problems. The study promotes diversity and inclusion, with authors from historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and authors with disabilities. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Queensland explores the complex relationship between self-help books and mental illness. The study found that while clinical researchers report positive outcomes for depressed readers engaged in bibliotherapy programs using self-help books, scholars of media and culture express concerns about the quality of self-help texts and the potential negative effects of therapeutic discourse. By interviewing a cohort of Australian readers, the study highlights the interpretive activities of habitual consumers of self-help books, challenging previous research that either emphasizes or downplays the expertise of vernacular audiences. This research provides valuable insights into the experiences of individuals navigating mental illness through self-help literature. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Heart Research Institute in Sydney, Australia, explores the challenges of data linkage in epidemiological research, specifically focusing on congenital heart disease. The research highlights the lengthy and intensive process of establishing data linkage projects in Australia, with the necessary approvals taking nearly two years to obtain. The study emphasizes the need for streamlining, accountability, and collaboration between jurisdictions to make data linkage more accessible and feasible for researchers. The findings provide valuable insights for practitioners and propose strategies for a more streamlined and centralized approach to data linkage. [Extracted from the article]

For more information on this research see: Political legitimacyand vaccine hesitancy: Disability support workers in Australia. In this paper, we analyze qualitative datagenerated from a survey with 368 disability support workers toidentify drivers of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and why theimplementation of this policy may have experienced challenges. [Extracted from the article]