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This article presents information related to refugees. The Hungarian refugees in Vienna, Austria, are living lives that cannot be IBM-carded. Most families are broken up, one or more of the adults living in a camp, the children in boarding schools or in private homes. They make fantastic treks to see each other. A man in a camp near Salzburg travels 400 miles each weekend to see his wife who cooks for an American family in Vienna. Their children are in a school in Lower Austria. He has no job; she has the only income in the family. They are more fortunate than some. The Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration has registered 1,898 refugees who are termed "hard-core"; too old, too sick or, for some other reason unable to work and, in most cases, impossible to place. Even those refugees who have skills do not easily find jobs. Although the Austrian economy, at present, is quite firm, it still cannot absorb much outside labor.

The article discusses the book "Chiffons de Papier," by Alcide Ebray. The book should convince any one who doubts the definition. Ebray parades before the eyes of the reader an uninterrupted series of treaty violations from 1830, when the Treaty of Vienna suffered its first but not its last infringement, to the days when France defied the Treaty of Versailles by her illegal occupation of the Ruhr. All of the Powers seem to have concealed under the signature of their diplomatic agents mental reservations pregnant with new conflicts, and they seem to have rivaled each other in bringing their tribute to the altar of disloyalty and perjury.

Discusses evidences of party antagonisms in crime reports in Austrian newspapers. Description of how Communist party officer Josef Banninger stalked the streets of Kematen and fired wild shots into the homes of the local Socialist Party chairman and the local paper factory foreman in the "Arbeiter-Zeitung"; Licensing of several newspapers representing the three legally permitted political parties in the "Obrosterreichische Nachrichten"; Composition of the advisory board that ran the operation of the "Salzburger Nachrichten" newspaper.

Presents information on recent socio-political developments from across the world. Information about the great campaign for home repair and modernization in the U.S.; Eighteen thousand banks are ready to make loans for these purposes to people who otherwise could not get the money, and the government guarantees them against loss up to 20 percent, as well as discounting the home owner's paper if desired; Impact of the Nazi movement on Austrian government and administrative circles; Elections in Germany; Mystery of the San Francisco, California longshoremen's strike brought out in the recent inquest into the deaths of Howard Sperry and Nicholas Boredeis, who were killed during the police attacks that accompanied the Industrial Association's attempts to open the port with force.

The article chronicles the evolution of the Austrian state after World War I and discusses the reasons for the reversal of the economic downturn. The article profiles Austria by providing information about its geographic position, culture, agriculture, industry, as well as the importance of Vienna as a banking center. The rehabilitation plan developed by the League of Nations in 1922 is outlined, consisting of a recognition and assertion of Austria's independence, terms of a loan in the amount of 650,000,000 gold crowns, and reform measures. The article discusses the success of the plan and considers the question of whether or not these reforms will address the Austria's fundamental weakness--whether or not it will be able to produce and sell enough goods to pay for imported food.

The article reports on a family of refugees from Czechoslovakia who arrived in the U.S. zone of Austria buried deep within a load of lumber. Members of the family include baker Bedrich Cech, his son, daughter-in-law and two small grandchildren. Details of the preparations made by the family for their trip are given, including drugging the children and lining the traveling space with tar paper. The family plans to go to Earlham, Iowa where Cech's daughter is staying.

This article presents summaries of news related to political development around the world. The text of the American reply to the Austrian note of June 29, 1915, in which the U.S. was requested to place an embargo on the export of arms to the Allies, was published in the morning papers of Monday. With the concentration of Austro-German forces on the Servian frontier and the renewal of the bombardment of Belgrade late last week, it is generally considered that the crisis of the situation is near at hand. A Parliamentary cabal, which has apparently been going on for some time against the French Ministry, and in particular against M. Millerand, Minister of War, and General Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre, appears in the last few days to have been killed by healthy publicity.

The article focuses on prevailing political conditions in the U.S., as of May 4, 1953. Vienna, Austria's soft spring weather finds a small crowd of people standing before the U.S. Information Service's Amerika Haus located on Vienna's smart Karntner Straze. Four blocks away the Soviet Information Center building stands. The five-story modern building advertises crude cartoons depicting every variety of Allied wickedness; in its windows American soldiers are painted with sinister hideousness. Their reading rooms contain magazines featuring signed confessions by the U.S. Marine officers that the U.S. is using germ-bombs in Korea.

The article offers information on the theories of the Austrian School, the most fundamentalist of disciplines in modern economy in 1974. In Austrian theory, creation of money frequently results to inflation as the excess pieces of paper chase the constant supply of services and goods. The cause of the Austrian view's cycle is that the government artificially holds the true rate of interest lower than it would otherwise have been.

Europe is at peace, but the Eastern Question survives to plague European diplomacy, and ominous mutterings from the Balkan Peninsula reach us in fragmentary cable reports of a plot to overthrow Ferdinand of Bulgaria. Russia, in winning Austria over to her definition of the term " Nihilist," has thus virtually secured a vindication of her course in the Lutzki affair, which during the last few weeks has been so much discussed in the European papers. The fall of the Servian Ministry was brought about by the opposition of the Radicals to the press law which the Minister of the Interior, M. Gyaya, himself a former Radical, urged the Skupshtina to pass.

The article focuses on financial conditions on Austria. It so happens that two of them, Austria and Italy, have within ten years been delivered from an odious tyranny, both civil and ecclesiastical, and are low, for the first time in their history, enjoying the blessings of free government. That they should have begun to prosper under these circumstances as they have never prospered before, is nothing wonderful; and that they should have done so thus far in spite of the use of irredeemable paper is nothing wonderful either. A national bank was established, the shares of which were sold for paper-money at the above rate, and then the paper-money received for them was destroyed.

The article presents information on various socio-political developments in Austria after the 2nd World War. Nobody in Austria is taking seriously any longer the negotiations for an Austrian peace treaty. The Austrians know perfectly well that only the British among the Allies want to leave Austria and perhaps not even they. The Americans or at least certain very important Americans, clearly want to stay, and the French make no secret of the fact that they would consider the evacuation of Austria a first-rate mistake. If one investigates this matter of taxes, one finds that while direct taxes are as high as in England and perhaps higher, indirect taxes are immeasurably lower. Wages are not high, the low pay of small government officials, $8.40 a week is not uncommon makes inevitable a certain amount of corruption. Recently there was considerable excitement in the Tyrol on the arrival of the fifty-first trainload of Austrian war prisoners from Russia. The papers declared that 1,000 Austrians were still held in a camp at Stalingrad. The prisoners themselves said that they had had to work very hard while in Russia, they were happy to be home and preferred not to dwell on the bad days of their captivity.

The article discusses the problems confronting the Austrian economy. It cites the country's dwindling condition of the industrial sector as seen in the declining investment in new plants and equipment. It also mentions the falling exports compared with rising imports. It reveals that the nationalized industries such as steel, chemicals, paper and lumber have contributed to the economic problems in addition to the alleged lack of capital in both public and private industries.

The article features Lillian Langseth-Christenses, a mural painter and designer. At age 14, she studied design in Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna, Austria under Josef Hoffman. Back in New York City at 17, she was hailed as the youngest painter of the world's largest mural for the Ziegfeld Theatre. Apart from murals, she accepted designing upholstery, draperies, wallpaper and rugs. Christensen wrote a column for "Liberty Magazine" where she advocated the use of plastic materials in American homes.

The article discusses the development of postcards and the return of their popularity in the U.S. as of 1967. It cites the book "The Picture Postcard & Its Origins," by Frank Staff as an authority on the matter, and states that those produced over the years reflect changing trends over time. The first was developed by Andre Disderi in Paris, France, who patented a way of making calling cards out of pictures. The idea reportedly took off, and with developments in the postal system, the first postcard was made in Austria in 1869.

The article discusses the latest developments in the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) as of August 1948. It cites the report by the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which showed that over-all steel output in Europe rose by 25% in the first half of 1948 from those of 1947, while coal production increased by 6% and electricity by 10%. The latest developments in the U.S., Austria and France, among others, are also cited.

The article reports on Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's decree that the words Tyrol, South Tyrol and Tyrolese be removed from the Italian language. The region of Tyrol was ceded to Italy by Austria under the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919. The majority of Tyrol's population is described as mainly Austrian and that the results of a plebiscite showed most of the male voters wanted a return to Austria.

The article presents information on various literary works and publications. It was learned from the "Renaissance" of April 20 that the letter in which the journal's Paris, France correspondent lately described the condition of Protestantism in France, was copied more or loss fully by some of the English journals, and among others by the "Unitarian Herald." A Professor of Vienna, Austria, read a paper last May before the Imperial Academy of Sciences, upon "The Aviguonese Popes," the object of which was to correct a common error in regard to this series of Pontiffs.

The article focuses on the decision of Soviet Jews who emigrated from Israel to Vienna, Austria to return to their homeland after several months of delay on the approval of their re-entry visa. It says that some of the reasons why they decided to emigrate to Vienna include the scarcity of jobs, insufficient cultural facilities, poor housing. It also mentions that the major disappointment of the Jewish emigrants is the lack of kindness showed by the Jewish community that they had adopt.

Focuses on the political and social conditions in Austria ten years after her birth. Incidents of clashes between extremists on the left and on the right; Political division of the country into Socialists and Catholics with both the groups constituting equal strength in the country; History associated with the emergence of these groups since the end of the First World War; Implications following the supposed establishment of Fascist dictatorship in Austria.

Comments on transatlantic aviation during 1928. Personal stories of aviators; Non-stop flights from Vienna, Austria to New York and from Bucharest, Romania to New York; Personal views of the author on the space flight to Mars; Interplanetary travel; Views about travel.

The article presents information on several socio-political developments from across the world. In his argument on the U.S. President's refusal of papers to the U.S. Senate, A. Kenna cited the confirmation of Richard S. Dement to be Surveyor-General of Utah, by the aid of Republican votes and in the face of an adverse report by the Public Lands Committee, as a proof of the insincerity of the Republican profession of a desire to guard the interests of the service. The vote is said to have stood twenty-five for confirmation and twenty-two against. The Austrian Minister of War has issued instructions to all the commanders of corps in the Austro-Hungarian army to order the enforcement of the study of German among all the troops. The Count complains that the use of local dialects among the soldiers has greatly increased of late. The Czechs, meanwhile, are steadfast in adhering to their own language. It is also asserted that a movement has been organized in Russia to convert to the Greek Church the Catholic Czechs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The report of the League of Nations on the progress of its measures for restoring economic stability in Austria was summarized in the London "Economist." The Geneva Protocols, embodying the League of Nation's scheme for the financial reconstruction of Austria, were signed on October 4, 1922. Austria was required by Protocol III to draw up within one month, in collaboration either with the Commissioner General or with such provisional delegation of the Council of the League as may be appointed, a program of reforms and improvements, to be realized by stages and designed to enable Austria to reestablish a permanent equilibrium of her budget within two years.

Presents several letters to the editor, on socio-political conditions of several nations. Information on the book "America and the Balance Sheet of Europe," describing economic and political conditions of Europe; Social problems, faced by Vienna, Austria; Treatment of prisoners in the U.S.

Hunger may be lessened, and the future may be saved by the preservation of the children, but another danger is forgotten. That is the need of the intellectual workers in Germany and Austria--scientists, scholars, and artists. Conditions brought about by the war are crippling and crushing them more and more. One cannot reckon what the future has lost because of the premature death of countless future discoverers, inventors, scientists, and artists on the battlefields of Europe. But one can see how the work of the surviving scientists and artists in the conquered countries is every day impeded.

This article presents a rather optimistic consideration by Paul Kaufmann of Vienna, Austria of the financial situation in Austria that is summarized in the "Economic Review" for January 28, 1920. Vienna is full of foreign buyers, who are not content with purchasing newly manufactured industrial products, but are making every effort to obtain gold and silver articles, collections, antiques, second-hand furniture, etc. Kaufmann deprecates the pessimism which prevails abroad as to Austria's economic prospects. It is true that the position of the country, which is small and has little coal and grain at its disposal, is serious.

The article presents information on the life of Austrian Statesman and diplomat Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich. Officials papers show that he was really a true prophet in politics. Metternich had studied Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France, as a naturalist studies a new species; he understood the necessities of this strange character, which could not limit its action: if Napoleon was not the master of the world he could not remain the master of France. Metternich had a very clear mind, and he knew how to sacrifice the details to the general and important objects.

The article focuses on the security policy and defense spending of Austria in 1965. It states that Austria was restricted from conventional weapons under the 1955 State Treaty and its budget was limited only to 18 million dollars, thus, it has to adopt a lock-on-the-door policy. It says that the two leading parties of the country have been debating over defense spending, particularly the 1965 budget on 36 Swiss Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns by Defense Minister Georg Prader.

The article reports on the results of studies conducted by professor Friedrich Silberstein on the impact of insulin on cancer patients, as explained by Silberstein before the members of the Vienna Medical Association in Austria in 1925. He stated that he achieved success in treating cancer-ridden mice with doses of insulin. The results of his research led to his recommendation to give insulin to human patients.

Another report, of which only the first part is here reproduced in the article, introduces the United States as a field for anti-Czech propaganda. It is addressed to the Hungarian Foreign Office from the Press Division of the Hungarian Legation at Vienna, Austria. Charles Bulisza, one of the local Slovak leaders, and on this basis an agreement was reached to start propaganda on a larger scale among the American Slovaks against the Czechs. Arrangements have been made to the effect that the American Slovaks should organize demonstrations before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate at Washington, by means of delegations and memoranda, protesting against Czech rule.

This article presents information on world politics. As the author write this article, Austria is tensely awaiting Signor Mussolini's promised reply to the revelations by Austrian deputies of the state of affairs in South Tyrol. There has never, of course, been any suggestion that Austria could take any action to relieve the 250,000 German-Austrians who are suffering under the forcible attempts to deprive them of their national language, religion, and characteristics generally. The resentment now aroused against Italy is due to the Italian attitude that the Austrians must not only stand by impotently while their brothers are suffering but that they must also stand by in silence.

The article narrates how the Russians have kidnapped 800 people from Austria since 1945 for crimes of espionage and sabotage. Russia released its first official announcement on the missing Austrians during the third week of September 1951 after insistent demands from the Austrian government. Its statement concerned only two men, namely railway officer Paul Katscher whom they reported to have been accused of sabotage and died in a Soviet jail, and senior police inspector Anton Marek. The Russians did not report on the others who remain missing.

The article presents news briefs from across the world. The negotiation between Italy and Austria over a territorial dispute is vital for peace in Europe. Several people were rendered unemployed and operations worth $30,000,000 were affected during a strike and lockout in the building trade in Chicago, Illinois. The toll collected from the Panama Canal till April 1, 1915 amounted to $2,894,300.

The article presents an episode from the forthcoming novel that took place in Vienna two weeks before the February days of 1934, when socialists, besieged in the Workers' houses and hopelessly outnumbered. The council meeting was held in the Workers' Home. The committee had proposed using one of the secret meeting-places where the workers were accustomed to take refuge from the hostile state. But this move was opposed by Hippman. His argument had been that they were more safe from spies in the Workers' Home; behind it was hidden the unexpressed desire to deprive the mounting tendency to conspiracy of a background that encouraged it.

Austrian culture has been driven into exile at a faster rate than Germany's. Not quite five weeks after Adolf Hitler's occupation of Austria, the Vienna edition of the Völkischer Beobachter celebrated the cleansing of its literature, stage, music, and press. In the annihilation of Austrian culture with such lightning speed Hitler's personal animus was a factor of importance. In his youth he conceived a deep hatred for the intellectual life of his native country, from which he was excluded. The long list of prominent Austrian scientists arrested by the Nazis includes such well-known men as Armand Kaminka, founder of the Vienna Maimonides Institute; Othmar Spann, economist at the University of Vienna; and Sigmund Strauss, one-time collaborator of Heinrich Hertz of "Hertz wave" fame. The damage done to Austrian literature is beyond repair. The works of the men who have made Vienna renowned are on the index of forbidden literature.

Presents information related to Wilhelm Reich, the framer of the theory of orgastic potency. Discovery of Oregone, a cosmic energy, by Reich; Observation that Reich joined the Socialist Party of Austria and began to organize sex-political units within that organization; Belief of Reich that only a very few individuals were blessed with orgastic potency; Response of physical scientists to the theory of bions developed by Reich. INSET: As Wilhelm Reich Sees It.

Focuses on the housing program of the city government in Vienna, Austria. Construction of apartments for workers; Elimination of slums; Designation of private builders to initiate the actual construction; Payment of minimum wage to pay for maintenance and repairs; Assessment of the interesting features of the dwellings; Compliance to building laws; Generation of finances through the housing and luxury taxes; Transfer of the rent collected by the private landlords to the municipality.

Presents information regarding emerging political nationalism in the world. Contention that the political nationalism is being oriented towards imperialism; Information that it was at the now celebrated Zimmerwald Conference of internationalist Socialists early in the war that the famous principle of "no annexations, no indemnities and the self-determination of all peoples" was born; Contention that the Czechs, who started out with such glorious promise, are already treating German Bohemia in a manner not far different from the treatment that they had received at the hands of Austria.

Discusses the factors considered by the British government in selecting Alfred Lord Northcliffe as chief of its war staff and other issues related to international politics. Acceptability of Northcliffe to American public opinion; Influence of Northcliffe upon British opinion; Willingness to become the servant of the government; Signs of Constantine's fall; Appointment of Count Esterhazy as Premier of Austria-Hungary; Result of the submarine campaign of causing the progress of the United States toward second place as an ocean carrier.

Comments on the European strategy to dismember Austria in the struggle to defeat Germany in the current world war. Argument that the more heroic solution in the case of Austria-Hungary is also the worse solution; View that to leave Austria-Hungary more or less intact in the territorial sense means a negotiated peace; Argument that to break up the Dual Monarchy means a dictated or imposed peace.

The article presents news on world politics. The idea of a republican democracy has won a significant victory in Austria. This country, while it lost all its wealth and strength by the peace treaties, still is the geographical center of Europe. Nothing can happen to Austria that will not happen to Germany immediately afterwards. Those two countries, notwithstanding their enforced separation, are really one in spirit. Discussion of the U.S. Senator William E. Borah's chances for the Presidential nomination against President Herbert Hoover. Discussion on Mahatma Gandhi's doctrine of non-violent resistance while negotiating with the British Empire.

Germany is a nation once proud and self-satisfied beyond belief, now beaten, humbled, and humiliated like none other in modern history, struggling in the face of terrific odds to maintain itself against foreign oppression, against domestic strife and dissension, against an economic situation without any precedent in history from which to deduce guidance and wisdom. Economic Germany is steadily and rapidly going down hill toward Austrian conditions just as Austria is steadily approximating Russian conditions. Her apparent prosperity is not only of a tenuous character, it is at best a burning-up of resources and of capital assets.

The Austrian people have seen one way out-federation with their blood-brothers of Germany, who might share with Austria their coal, and link their industry with hers in such fashion as to give both life. But this the peace treaty forbids Austria to do, unless with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, and France, still obsessed with the fear of a mighty Germany, stands adamant against such consent. There is no time to waste, for bankruptcy is contagious, and half of Europe is on the verge of the illness. Polish and Hungarian moneys are worth even less than the Austrian krone, and the Jugoslav, like the German mark, is 95 per cent below par.

Presents news briefs, related to socio-political issues of several nations. Resentment among Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Rumania, due to Austria's decree reestablishing universal conscription of all men between the ages of 18-32; Efforts of President Franklin Roosevelt to get a tax bill approved by the House Ways and Means Committee; Decision of the U.S. Supreme Court against the government's efforts to compel a witness to appear before the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, but in deciding this case the Court specifically refrained from giving a ruling on the constitutionality of the Truth in Securities Act itself; Decision of the U.S. Supreme Court on the case of the Securities Exchange Commission against J. Edward Jones, who submitted a statement registering some forthcoming securities; Investigation of the salary of CEO Walter S. Gifford, by the AT&T Corp.; Victory of left-wing extremists in the local elections of New York; Reasons for the strike in the May Department Stores Co., in Brooklyn; Decision of the authorities of Santa Clara County, California, to set free David Lamson, who was convicted of murdering his wife; Celebration of the fifteenth anniversary of the Brookwood Labor College; Decision of judge Learned Hand of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for a civilized ruling in an obscenity case.

Reports on socio-political and economic developments from the world. Focus on the gold policy proposed by the U.S. President; Blame on scientific development for the desperate condition of the American farmer; Issues related to war in the Far East; Report that Austria's labor movement has come to the end of its course as a political factor in the life of the Austrian state; Views of U.S. journalist Walter Lippmann on the U.S. neutrality and its stand in the new European War; Announcement of the creation of corporate state by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.

Focuses on various socio-economic conditions in the world. Solution to control the wave of inflation sweeping the U.S. economy; Reduction of prices in industries like rail and railroad equipment in order to boost the capital expenditures; Description of special taxes on stock transfers, taxes on the gross profits of brokers, and other imposts directed against savings banks, insurance companies, public utilities and even taxicab riders by New York City; Repugnance shown by everyone except the students of Cuba against the present government headed by the Cuban President Grau San Martin; Account of Austria that has already reached that preparatory stage of fascism in which emergency decrees take the place of liberties and constitutional rights; Rescue of two African Americans from lynching by the Dallas, Texas police on Labor Day after their confession of murdering a white girl and seriously wounding her escort; Amelioration of agricultural and industrial production of the Soviet Union; Threat of the spread of unauthorized strike as the Frick coal mines, a subsidiary of U.S. Steel failed to sign the code and recognize the union; Analysis of various federal power project with emphasis on Muscle Shoals.

Presents information about agrarian lands of Balkans: Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, Jugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Austria. Information about people, politics, militarists, economic life, industries and agricultural products of Jugoslavia; Claims that dictatorship was lucky for Jugoslav till 1930; Reports that industrially Jugoslavia is little developed; Reports that nearly 85 percent of industry and banking business in Jugoslavia is capitalized and managed or controlled by English, French, German, Austrian and other foreign money imperialists; Comments on capitalism in Jugoslavia; Claims that in Bulgaria the situation is essentially the same as in Jugoslavia and is considerably worse in some respects; Comparison between Rumania and Bulgaria; Information about Hungarian revolution in the early 1920's; Comments on Communism in the Balkan states; Threat of Nazi aggression in Austria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary; Information about Green Program in Balkan states.