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1. Conformal properties of spacetime

Author: Cameron, Peter and Dunajski, Maciej
Subjects: general relativity, differential geometry, conformal geometry
Abstract: We begin by studying a property first introduced by Roger Penrose as a consistency condition for possible constructions of quantum gravity. In an asymptotically flat spacetime, this property, which we call the Penrose property, is satisfied if for any two endless timelike curves λ, ν in the same domain of outer dependence, there exists a future directed timelike curve from λ to ν. Penrose showed that this property is equivalent to the entirety of future null infinity being contained in the timelike future of every point in past null infinity. We will investigate how the Penrose property is affected by the mass and dimensionality of spacetime. By considering various examples, we find that this property appears to be a property of positive mass spacetimes in 3 and 4 dimensions. We will then move on to study the Penrose property in greater generality. In particular we will consider how this property can be generalised to spacetimes with a non-zero cosmological constant. We find that in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes the property can remain essentially unchanged, however in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes it is necessary for it to be re-stated in a way which is more suited to spacetimes with a timelike boundary. In the latter case we arrive at a property previously considered by Gao and Wald. Curiously, this property was shown to fail in spacetimes which focus null geodesics. This is in contrast to our findings in asymptotically flat and asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes. Next we show how some of the methods established in the study of the Penrose property can be used to prove a version of the positive mass theorem in higher dimensions. This proof is inspired by an argument of Penrose, Sorkin and Woolgar in 3+1 dimensions. This argument relied on causality arguments to show that spacetimes which focus null geodesics (a feature we expect to be indicative of positive mass spacetimes) cannot have negative ADM mass. Penrose has argued that the Penrose property is a property of spacetime near i⁰. We have also demonstrated how this property appears to depend on the dimensionality of spacetime. Motivated by this, we study more generally the nature of possible conformal completions at spatial infinity. In particular, we show that (d + 1) dimensional Myers-Perry metrics (d ≥ 4) have a conformal completion at spatial infinity of C^{d−3,1} differentiability class, and that this result is optimal in even spacetime dimension in the sense that no C^{d−2} completion exists unless the ADM mass is zero. We also present the associated asymptotic symmetries. Finally, we will study conformal geodesics. We will show that these curves cannot spiral towards a point. This resolves a major unsolved problem in the field. We will begin by developing a proof of the same result for metric geodesics which does not rely on length minimisation arguments, before showing how this proof can be generalised to rule out spiralling of conformal geodesics.
Published: 2022
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2. Contrasting Characteristics and Outcomes of Sports-Related and Non–Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury

Author: Ntikas, M, Stewart, W, Ietswaart, M, Hunter, A, Maas, A, Menon, D, Wilson, L, Ackerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Retel Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Singh, R, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Thibaut, A, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, van Dijck, J, van Erp, I, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vande Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Ntikas, Michail, Stewart, William, Ietswaart, Magdalena, Hunter, Angus M., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Wilson, Lindsay, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Retel Helmrich, Isabel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Singh, Ranjit D., Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Thibaut, Aurore, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A., van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Peter, Wang, Kevin K. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, Zoerle, Tommaso, Ntikas, M, Stewart, W, Ietswaart, M, Hunter, A, Maas, A, Menon, D, Wilson, L, Ackerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Retel Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Singh, R, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Thibaut, A, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, van Dijck, J, van Erp, I, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vande Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Ntikas, Michail, Stewart, William, Ietswaart, Magdalena, Hunter, Angus M., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Wilson, Lindsay, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Retel Helmrich, Isabel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Singh, Ranjit D., Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Thibaut, Aurore, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A., van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Peter, Wang, Kevin K. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, and Zoerle, Tommaso
Abstract: Importance: Exposure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) has raised widespread concern over participation in sports, particularly over possible long-term consequences. However, little is known about the outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related TBI. Objective: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related and non-sports-related TBI. Design, setting, and participants: The CENTER-TBI (Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI) observational cohort study was conducted at hospitals in 18 countries. The study enrolled 4509 patients who had TBI and had an indication for computed tomography (CT), of whom 4360 were 16 years or older. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months, and groups were compared using regression analyses adjusting for clinical and demographic differences. Data were collected between December 9, 2014, and December 17, 2017, and analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023. Exposure: Sports-related and non-sports-related TBI with subgroups selected by severity of injury. Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 months, with secondary outcomes covering postconcussion symptoms, health-related quality of life, and mental health. Results: A total of 4360 patients were studied, including 256 (6%) with sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [18.1] years; 161 [63%] male) and 4104 with non-sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 51.0 [20.2] years; 2773 [68%] male). Compared with patients with non-sports-related TBI, patients with sports-related TBI were younger, more likely to have tertiary education, more likely to be previously healthy, and less likely to have a major extracranial injury. After adjustment, the groups did not differ in incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8) at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.90-1.78; P = .22 for all patients; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.83-1.73; P = .34 for those with mild TBI; a
Published: 2024

3. The number of string C-groups of high rank

Author: Cameron, Peter, Fernandes, Maria Elisa, Leemans, Dimitri, Cameron, Peter, Fernandes, Maria Elisa, and Leemans, Dimitri
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress
Published: 2024

4. Frequency and predictors of headache in the first 12 months after traumatic brain injury: results from CENTER-TBI

Author: Howe, Emilie Isager, Andelic, Nada, Brunborg, Cathrine, Zeldovich, Marina, Helseth, Eirik, Skandsen, Toril, Olsen, Alexander, Fure, Silje C. R., Theadom, Alice, Rauen, Katrin, Madsen, Benedikte Å., Jacobs, Bram, van der Naalt, Joukje, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Einarsen, Cathrine Elisabeth, Storvig, Gøril, Tronvik, Erling, Tverdal, Cathrine, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Røe, Cecilie, Hellstrøm, Torgeir, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calv, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, DeKeyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, Boogert, Hugo den, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagoš, Gomez, PedroA., Gravesteijn, Johannes Gratz Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, RussellL., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, JuanitaA., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, PeterJ., Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, AngelosG., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maas, AndrewI. R., Castaño-León, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Helmrich, Isabel Retel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rusnák, Daniel Rueckert Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Singh, Ranjit D., Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, MarkSteven, Thibaut, Aurore, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolein, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, CristinaMaria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A. M., van Essen, Thomas A., VanHecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, van Veen, Ernest, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, KevinK. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, TommasoZoerle, Howe, Emilie Isager, Andelic, Nada, Brunborg, Cathrine, Zeldovich, Marina, Helseth, Eirik, Skandsen, Toril, Olsen, Alexander, Fure, Silje C. R., Theadom, Alice, Rauen, Katrin, Madsen, Benedikte Å., Jacobs, Bram, van der Naalt, Joukje, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Einarsen, Cathrine Elisabeth, Storvig, Gøril, Tronvik, Erling, Tverdal, Cathrine, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Røe, Cecilie, Hellstrøm, Torgeir, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calv, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, DeKeyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, Boogert, Hugo den, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagoš, Gomez, PedroA., Gravesteijn, Johannes Gratz Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, RussellL., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, JuanitaA., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, PeterJ., Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, AngelosG., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maas, AndrewI. R., Castaño-León, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Helmrich, Isabel Retel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rusnák, Daniel Rueckert Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Singh, Ranjit D., Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, MarkSteven, Thibaut, Aurore, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolein, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, CristinaMaria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A. M., van Essen, Thomas A., VanHecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, van Veen, Ernest, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, KevinK. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, and TommasoZoerle
Abstract: Background: Headache is a prevalent and debilitating symptom following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Large-scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to establish long-term headache prevalence and associated factors after TBI. This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of headache after TBI and determine whether sociodemographic factors, injury severity characteristics, and pre- and post-injury comorbidities predicted changes in headache frequency and severity during the first 12 months after injury. Methods: A large patient sample from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) prospective observational cohort study was used. Patients were stratified based on their clinical care pathway: admitted to an emergency room (ER), a ward (ADM) or an intensive care unit (ICU) in the acute phase. Headache was assessed using a single item from the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after injury. Mixed-effect logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate changes in headache frequency and associated predictors. Results: A total of 2,291 patients responded to the headache item at baseline. At study enrolment, 59.3% of patients reported acute headache, with similar frequencies across all strata. Female patients and those aged up to 40 years reported a higher frequency of headache at baseline compared to males and older adults. The frequency of severe headache was highest in patients admitted to the ICU. The frequency of headache in the ER stratum decreased substantially from baseline to 3 months and remained from 3 to 6 months. Similar trajectory trends were observed in the ICU and ADM strata across 12 months. Younger age, more severe TBI, fatigue, neck pain and vision problems were among the predictors of more severe headache over time. More than 25% of patients experienced headache at 12 months after injury. Conclusions: Headache is a commo
Published: 2024

5. Approaching death in the classical tradition

Author: Cameron, Peter, Halliwell, Stephen, and Hine, Harry
Subjects: 880, Plato, Cicero, Montaigne, Homer, Lucretius, Seneca, Consolationes, Death, Immortality, Myth, Suicide, HQ1073.C2, Death--History, Civilization, Classical, Death in literature, Plato. Phaedo, Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Montaigne, Michel de, 1533-1592
Abstract: The thesis consists of five chapters: the first functions as an overture; the second, third and fourth deal with Plato, Cicero and Montaigne respectively; and the fifth raises some questions. The overture explores the ways in which Odysseus, Lucretius and Seneca approached death, and in the process introduces some obvious distinctions - between death viewed as the act of dying and death viewed as the state of being dead, between the death which comes to everyone and the death which comes to me, between our own death and the death of others - and anticipates certain recurring themes. The second chapter, on Plato, is concerned chiefly with the Phaedo and the question of what is involved in "the practice of death". This entails an examination of related concepts and terminology in the Gorgias and the Republic, and of the whole subject of Platonic myth. The third chapter discusses Cicero's views on death and immortality - both the considered reflections of the philosopher and the spontaneous reactions of the bereaved father - principally as these emerge from the Tusculan Disputations and the letters to Atticus. The fourth chapter approaches Montaigne - his own experiences of death, the relationship between his earlier and later approaches, the tension between his professed Catholicism and his pagan inclinations, the difficulty and perhaps undesirability of extracting a 'message' from the Essais on this or any other subject. The conclusion asks to what extent these various approaches succeed in what they set out to do, and whether any generalised, objective approach to death can ever successfully address the individual predicament, either in relation to one's own death or in facing bereavement.
Published: 2008

6. Comparative effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy versus craniotomy for traumatic acute subdural hematoma (CENTER-TBI): an observational cohort study

Author: van Essen, T, van Erp, I, Lingsma, H, Pisică, D, Yue, J, Singh, R, van Dijck, J, Volovici, V, Younsi, A, Kolias, A, Peppel, L, Heijenbrok-Kal, M, Ribbers, G, Menon, D, Hutchinson, P, Manley, G, Depreitere, B, Steyerberg, E, Maas, A, de Ruiter, G, Peul, W, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, Boogert, H, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rehorčíková, V, Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Kowark, A, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, Van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, Van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Zeiler, F, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, van Essen, Thomas A., van Erp, Inge A. M., Lingsma, Hester F., Pisică, Dana, Yue, John K., Singh, Ranjit D., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Volovici, Victor, Younsi, Alexander, Kolias, Angelos, Peppel, Lianne D., Heijenbrok-Kal, Majanka, Ribbers, Gerard M., Menon, David K., Hutchinson, Peter J. A., Manley, Geoffrey T., Depreitere, Bart, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Maas, Andrew I. R., de Ruiter, Godard C. W., Peul, Wilco C., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, Boogert, Hugo den, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rehorčíková, Veronika, Helmrich, Isabel Retel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Kowark, Ana, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, Kevin K. W., Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Zeiler, Frederick A., Ziverte, Agate, Zoerle, Tommaso, van Essen, T, van Erp, I, Lingsma, H, Pisică, D, Yue, J, Singh, R, van Dijck, J, Volovici, V, Younsi, A, Kolias, A, Peppel, L, Heijenbrok-Kal, M, Ribbers, G, Menon, D, Hutchinson, P, Manley, G, Depreitere, B, Steyerberg, E, Maas, A, de Ruiter, G, Peul, W, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, Boogert, H, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rehorčíková, V, Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Kowark, A, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, Van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, Van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Zeiler, F, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, van Essen, Thomas A., van Erp, Inge A. M., Lingsma, Hester F., Pisică, Dana, Yue, John K., Singh, Ranjit D., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Volovici, Victor, Younsi, Alexander, Kolias, Angelos, Peppel, Lianne D., Heijenbrok-Kal, Majanka, Ribbers, Gerard M., Menon, David K., Hutchinson, Peter J. A., Manley, Geoffrey T., Depreitere, Bart, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Maas, Andrew I. R., de Ruiter, Godard C. W., Peul, Wilco C., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, Boogert, Hugo den, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rehorčíková, Veronika, Helmrich, Isabel Retel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Kowark, Ana, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, Kevin K. W., Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Zeiler, Frederick A., Ziverte, Agate, and Zoerle, Tommaso
Abstract: Background: Limited evidence existed on the comparative effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) versus craniotomy for evacuation of traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) until the recently published randomised clinical trial RESCUE-ASDH. In this study, that ran concurrently, we aimed to determine current practice patterns and compare outcomes of primary DC versus craniotomy. Methods: We conducted an analysis of centre treatment preference within the prospective, multicentre, observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (known as CENTER-TBI) and NeuroTraumatology Quality Registry (known as Net-QuRe) studies, which enrolled patients throughout Europe and Israel (2014–2020). We included patients with an ASDH who underwent acute neurosurgical evacuation. Patients with severe pre-existing neurological disorders were excluded. In an instrumental variable analysis, we compared outcomes between centres according to treatment preference, measured by the case-mix adjusted proportion DC per centre. The primary outcome was functional outcome rated by the 6-months Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, estimated with ordinal regression as a common odds ratio (OR), adjusted for prespecified confounders. Variation in centre preference was quantified with the median odds ratio (MOR). CENTER-TBI is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221, and the Resource Identification Portal (Research Resource Identifier SCR_015582). Findings: Between December 19, 2014 and December 17, 2017, 4559 patients with traumatic brain injury were enrolled in CENTER-TBI of whom 336 (7%) underwent acute surgery for ASDH evacuation; 91 (27%) underwent DC and 245 (63%) craniotomy. The proportion primary DC within total acute surgery cases ranged from 6 to 67% with an interquartile range (IQR) of 12–26% among 46 centres; the odds of receiving a DC for prognostically similar patients in one centre versus another randomly selected centre were
Published: 2023

7. The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope -- I. Instrument Overview and in-Flight Performance

Author: Doyon, Rene, Willott, C. J, Hutchings, John B., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Albert, Loic, Lafreniere, David, Rowlands, Neil, Vila, M. Begona, Martel, Andre R., LaMassa, Stephanie, Aldridge, David, Artigau, Etienne, Cameron, Peter, Chayer, Pierre, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, Rachel A., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Dupuis, Jean, Earnshaw, Colin, Espinoza, Nestor, Filippazzo, Joseph C., Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaudreau, Daniel, Gawlik, Roman, Goudfrooij, Paul, Haley, Craig, Kammerer, Jens, Kendall, David, Lambros, Scott D., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Maszkiewicz, Michael, McColgan, Ashley, Morishita, Takahiro, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Pacifici, Camilla, Philippi, Natasha, Radica, Michael, Ravindranath, Swara, Rowe, Jason, Roy, Arpita, Saad, Karl, Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Talens, Geert Jan, Thatte, Deepashri, Taylor, Joanna M., Vandal, Thomas, Volk, Kevin, Wander, Michel, Warner, Gerald, Zheng, Sheng-Hai, Zhou, Julia, Abraham, Roberto, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Benneke, Bjorn, Ferrarese, Laura, Johnstone, Doug, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Meyer, Michael R., Pipher, Judy L., Rameau, Julien, Rieke, Marcia, Salhi, Salma, Sawicki, Marcin, Doyon, Rene, Willott, C. J, Hutchings, John B., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Albert, Loic, Lafreniere, David, Rowlands, Neil, Vila, M. Begona, Martel, Andre R., LaMassa, Stephanie, Aldridge, David, Artigau, Etienne, Cameron, Peter, Chayer, Pierre, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, Rachel A., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Dupuis, Jean, Earnshaw, Colin, Espinoza, Nestor, Filippazzo, Joseph C., Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaudreau, Daniel, Gawlik, Roman, Goudfrooij, Paul, Haley, Craig, Kammerer, Jens, Kendall, David, Lambros, Scott D., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Maszkiewicz, Michael, McColgan, Ashley, Morishita, Takahiro, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Pacifici, Camilla, Philippi, Natasha, Radica, Michael, Ravindranath, Swara, Rowe, Jason, Roy, Arpita, Saad, Karl, Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Talens, Geert Jan, Thatte, Deepashri, Taylor, Joanna M., Vandal, Thomas, Volk, Kevin, Wander, Michel, Warner, Gerald, Zheng, Sheng-Hai, Zhou, Julia, Abraham, Roberto, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Benneke, Bjorn, Ferrarese, Laura, Johnstone, Doug, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Meyer, Michael R., Pipher, Judy L., Rameau, Julien, Rieke, Marcia, Salhi, Salma, and Sawicki, Marcin
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the science module of the Canadian-built Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NIRISS has four observing modes: 1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, 2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy (WFSS) at a resolving power of $\sim$150 between 0.8 and 2.2 $\mu$m, 3) single-object cross-dispersed slitless spectroscopy (SOSS) enabling simultaneous wavelength coverage between 0.6 and 2.8 $\mu$m at R$\sim$700, a mode optimized for exoplanet spectroscopy of relatively bright ($J<6.3$) stars and 4) aperture masking interferometry (AMI) between 2.8 and 4.8 $\mu$m enabling high-contrast ($\sim10^{-3}-10^{-4}$) imaging at angular separations between 70 and 400 milliarcsec for relatively bright ($M<8$) sources. This paper presents an overview of the NIRISS instrument, its design, its scientific capabilities, and a summary of in-flight performance. NIRISS shows significantly better response shortward of $\sim2.5\,\mu$m resulting in 10-40% sensitivity improvement for broadband and low-resolution spectroscopy compared to pre-flight predictions. Two time-series observations performed during instrument commissioning in the SOSS mode yield very stable spectro-photometry performance within $\sim$10% of the expected noise. The first space-based companion detection of the tight binary star AB Dor AC through AMI was demonstrated.
Published: 2023

8. EPPA numbers of graphs

Author: Bradley-Williams, David, Cameron, Peter J., Hubička, Jan, Konečný, Matěj, Bradley-Williams, David, Cameron, Peter J., Hubička, Jan, and Konečný, Matěj
Abstract: If $G$ is a graph, $A$ and $B$ its induced subgraphs, and $f\colon A\to B$ an isomorphism, we say that $f$ is a partial automorphism of $G$. In 1992, Hrushovski proved that graphs have the extension property for partial automorphisms (EPPA, also called the Hrushovski property), that is, for every finite graph $G$ there is a finite graph $H$, its EPPA-witness, such that $G$ is an induced subgraph of $H$ and every partial automorphism of $G$ extends to an automorphism of $H$. The EPPA number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(G)$, is the smallest number of vertices of an EPPA-witness for $G$, and we put $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(n) = \max\{\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(G) : \lvert G\rvert = n\}$. In this note we review the state of the area, prove several lower bounds (in particular, we show that $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(n)\geq \frac{2^n}{\sqrt{n}}$, thereby identifying the correct base of the exponential) and pose many open questions. We also briefly discuss EPPA numbers of hypergraphs, directed graphs, and $K_k$-free graphs., Comment: 16 pages
Published: 2023

9. Notes on Counting: An Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics

Author: Cameron, Peter J.
Published: 2017
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10. Comparative effectiveness of intracranial hypertension management guided by ventricular versus intraparenchymal pressure monitoring: a CENTER-TBI study

Author: Volovici, V, Pisică, D, Gravesteijn, B, Dirven, C, Steyerberg, E, Ercole, A, Stocchetti, N, Nelson, D, Menon, D, Citerio, G, van der Jagt, M, Maas, A, Haitsma, I, Lingsma, H, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Beqiri, E, Blaabjerg, M, Lund, S, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Corte, F, Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Dilvesi, D, Dixit, A, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Golubovic, J, Gomez, P, Grossi, F, Gupta, D, Helseth, E, Hutchinson, P, Jankowski, S, Johnson, F, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kondziella, D, Koraropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Laureys, S, Ledoux, D, Lejeune, A, Lightfoot, R, Manara, A, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Menovsky, T, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Newcombe, V, Nyirádi, J, Ortolano, F, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Ples, H, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rhodes, J, Richter, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Sahuquillo, J, Sandrød, O, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Schirmer-Mikalsen, K, Schou, R, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Tenovuo, O, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, Van der Steen, G, van Wijk, R, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vulekovic, P, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Ziverte, A, Clusmann, H, Voormolen, D, van&nbsp, Dijck, J, van Essen, T, Volovici, Victor, Pisică, Dana, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Dirven, Clemens M. F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Ercole, Ari, Stocchetti, Nino, Nelson, David, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Maas, Andrew I. R., Haitsma, Iain K., Lingsma, Hester F., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, Boogert, Hugo den, Depreitere, Bart, Dilvesi, Dula, Dixit, Abhishek, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Golubovic, Jagos, Gomez, Pedro A., Grossi, Francesca, Gupta, Deepak, Haitsma, Iain, Helseth, Eirik, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jankowski, Stefan, Johnson, Faye, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Laureys, Steven, Ledoux, Didier, Lejeune, Aurelie, Lightfoot, Roger, Manara, Alex, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Newcombe, Virginia, Nyirádi, József, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Payen, Jean-François, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Ples, Horia, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richter, Sophie, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sandrød, Oddrun, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Schirmer-Mikalsen, Kari, Schou, Rico Frederik, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Tenovuo, Olli, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Vulekovic, Petar, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Ziverte, Agate, Clusmann, Hans, Voormolen, Daphne, Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Essen, Thomas A., Volovici, V, Pisică, D, Gravesteijn, B, Dirven, C, Steyerberg, E, Ercole, A, Stocchetti, N, Nelson, D, Menon, D, Citerio, G, van der Jagt, M, Maas, A, Haitsma, I, Lingsma, H, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Beqiri, E, Blaabjerg, M, Lund, S, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Corte, F, Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Dilvesi, D, Dixit, A, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Golubovic, J, Gomez, P, Grossi, F, Gupta, D, Helseth, E, Hutchinson, P, Jankowski, S, Johnson, F, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kondziella, D, Koraropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Laureys, S, Ledoux, D, Lejeune, A, Lightfoot, R, Manara, A, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Menovsky, T, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Newcombe, V, Nyirádi, J, Ortolano, F, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Ples, H, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rhodes, J, Richter, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Sahuquillo, J, Sandrød, O, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Schirmer-Mikalsen, K, Schou, R, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Tenovuo, O, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, Van der Steen, G, van Wijk, R, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vulekovic, P, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Ziverte, A, Clusmann, H, Voormolen, D, van&nbsp, Dijck, J, van Essen, T, Volovici, Victor, Pisică, Dana, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Dirven, Clemens M. F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Ercole, Ari, Stocchetti, Nino, Nelson, David, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Maas, Andrew I. R., Haitsma, Iain K., Lingsma, Hester F., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, Boogert, Hugo den, Depreitere, Bart, Dilvesi, Dula, Dixit, Abhishek, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Golubovic, Jagos, Gomez, Pedro A., Grossi, Francesca, Gupta, Deepak, Haitsma, Iain, Helseth, Eirik, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jankowski, Stefan, Johnson, Faye, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Laureys, Steven, Ledoux, Didier, Lejeune, Aurelie, Lightfoot, Roger, Manara, Alex, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Newcombe, Virginia, Nyirádi, József, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Payen, Jean-François, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Ples, Horia, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richter, Sophie, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sandrød, Oddrun, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Schirmer-Mikalsen, Kari, Schou, Rico Frederik, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Tenovuo, Olli, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Vulekovic, Petar, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Ziverte, Agate, Clusmann, Hans, Voormolen, Daphne, Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., and van Essen, Thomas A.
Abstract: Objective: To compare outcomes between patients with primary external ventricular device (EVD)–driven treatment of intracranial hypertension and those with primary intraparenchymal monitor (IP)–driven treatment. Methods: The CENTER-TBI study is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational cohort study that enrolled patients of all TBI severities from 62 participating centers (mainly level I trauma centers) across Europe between 2015 and 2017. Functional outcome was assessed at 6 months and a year. We used multivariable adjusted instrumental variable (IV) analysis with “center” as instrument and logistic regression with covariate adjustment to determine the effect estimate of EVD on 6-month functional outcome. Results: A total of 878 patients of all TBI severities with an indication for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were included in the present study, of whom 739 (84%) patients had an IP monitor and 139 (16%) an EVD. Patients included were predominantly male (74% in the IP monitor and 76% in the EVD group), with a median age of 46 years in the IP group and 48 in the EVD group. Six-month GOS-E was similar between IP and EVD patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval [CI] OR 0.74 and 95% CI [0.36–1.52], adjusted IV analysis). The length of intensive care unit stay was greater in the EVD group than in the IP group (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI] 1.70 [1.34–2.12], IV analysis). One hundred eighty-seven of the 739 patients in the IP group (25%) required an EVD due to refractory ICPs. Conclusion: We found no major differences in outcomes of patients with TBI when comparing EVD-guided and IP monitor–guided ICP management. In our cohort, a quarter of patients that initially received an IP monitor required an EVD later for ICP control. The prevalence of complications was higher in the EVD group. Protocol: The core study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221, and the Resource Identification Portal (RRID: SCR_015582).
Published: 2022

11. Conformal Geodesics Cannot Spiral

Author: Cameron, Peter, Dunajski, Maciej, Tod, Paul, Cameron, Peter, Dunajski, Maciej, and Tod, Paul
Abstract: We show that conformal geodesics on a Riemannian manifold cannot spiral: there does not exist a conformal geodesic which becomes trapped in every neighbourhood of a point., Comment: Final version. To appear in the Journal of Differential Geometry
Published: 2022

12. Neurocognitive correlates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury

Author: Van Praag, Dominique L.G., Wouters, Kristien, Van Den Eede, Filip, Wilson, Lindsay, Maas, Andrew I.R., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Van Praag, Dominique L.G., Wouters, Kristien, Van Den Eede, Filip, Wilson, Lindsay, Maas, Andrew I.R., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Fabricius, Martin, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Introduction: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research question: We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample. Material and methods: The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI. For this cross-sectional study, we included patients of all severities aged over 15, and a Glasgow Outcome Score Extended (GOSE) above 3. Participants were assessed at six months post-injury on the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Primary analysis was a complete case analysis. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the PCL-5 and cognition. Results: Of the 1134 participants included in the complete case analysis, 13.5% screened positive for PTSD. Probable PTSD was significantly associated with higher TMT-(B-A) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14–1.60, p < .001) and lower RAVLT-delayed recall scores (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91, p = .004) after controlling for age, sex, psychiatric history, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale and education. Discussion and conclusion: Poorer performance on cognitive tests assessing task switching and, to a lesser extent, delayed verbal recall is associated with probable PTSD in civilians who have suffered TBI.
Published: 2022

13. Measurement invariance of six language versions of the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 in civilians after traumatic brain injury

Author: Bockhop, Fabian, Zeldovich, Marina, Cunitz, Katrin, Van Praag, Dominique, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Beissbarth, Tim, Hagmayer, York, von Steinbuechel, Nicole, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Bockhop, Fabian, Zeldovich, Marina, Cunitz, Katrin, Van Praag, Dominique, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Beissbarth, Tim, Hagmayer, York, von Steinbuechel, Nicole, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Fabricius, Martin, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric impairments such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can be screened using self-report instruments such as the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The current study aims to inspect the factorial validity and cross-linguistic equivalence of the PCL-5 in individuals after TBI with differential severity. Data for six language groups (n ≥ 200; Dutch, English, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish) were extracted from the CENTER-TBI study database. Factorial validity of PTSD was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and compared between four concurrent structural models. A multi-group CFA approach was utilized to investigate the measurement invariance (MI) of the PCL-5 across languages. All structural models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit with small between-model variation. The original DSM-5 model for PTSD provided solid evidence of MI across the language groups. The current study underlines the validity of the clinical DSM-5 conceptualization of PTSD and demonstrates the comparability of PCL-5 symptom scores between language versions in individuals after TBI. Future studies should apply MI methods to other sociodemographic (e.g., age, gender) and injury-related (e.g., TBI severity) characteristics to improve the monitoring and clinical care of individuals suffering from PTSD symptoms after TBI.
Published: 2022

14. Serum metabolome associated with severity of acute traumatic brain injury

Author: Thomas, Ilias, Dickens, Alex M., Posti, Jussi P., Czeiter, Endre, Duberg, Daniel, Sinioja, Tim, Kråkström, Matilda, Retel Helmrich, Isabel R.A., Wang, Kevin K.W., Maas, Andrew I.R., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Menon, David K., Tenovuo, Olli, Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Büki, András, Orešič, Matej, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Thomas, Ilias, Dickens, Alex M., Posti, Jussi P., Czeiter, Endre, Duberg, Daniel, Sinioja, Tim, Kråkström, Matilda, Retel Helmrich, Isabel R.A., Wang, Kevin K.W., Maas, Andrew I.R., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Menon, David K., Tenovuo, Olli, Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Büki, András, Orešič, Matej, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Fabricius, Martin, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Complex metabolic disruption is a crucial aspect of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Associations between this and systemic metabolism and their potential prognostic value are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to describe the serum metabolome (including lipidome) associated with acute TBI within 24 h post-injury, and its relationship to severity of injury and patient outcome. We performed a comprehensive metabolomics study in a cohort of 716 patients with TBI and non-TBI reference patients (orthopedic, internal medicine, and other neurological patients) from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) cohort. We identified panels of metabolites specifically associated with TBI severity and patient outcomes. Choline phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholines, ether phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins) were inversely associated with TBI severity and were among the strongest predictors of TBI patient outcomes, which was further confirmed in a separate validation dataset of 558 patients. The observed metabolic patterns may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms, including protective changes of systemic lipid metabolism aiming to maintain lipid homeostasis in the brain.
Published: 2022

15. Comparative effectiveness of intracranial hypertension management guided by ventricular versus intraparenchymal pressure monitoring:a CENTER-TBI study

Author: Volovici, Victor, Pisică, Dana, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Dirven, Clemens M.F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Ercole, Ari, Stocchetti, Nino, Nelson, David, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Maas, Andrew I.R., Haitsma, Iain, Lingsma, Hester F., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Foks, Kelly, Tibboel, Dick, Voormolen, Daphne, van Essen, Thomas A., Volovici, Victor, Pisică, Dana, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Dirven, Clemens M.F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Ercole, Ari, Stocchetti, Nino, Nelson, David, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Maas, Andrew I.R., Haitsma, Iain, Lingsma, Hester F., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Foks, Kelly, Tibboel, Dick, Voormolen, Daphne, and van Essen, Thomas A.
Abstract: Objective: To compare outcomes between patients with primary external ventricular device (EVD)–driven treatment of intracranial hypertension and those with primary intraparenchymal monitor (IP)–driven treatment. Methods: The CENTER-TBI study is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational cohort study that enrolled patients of all TBI severities from 62 participating centers (mainly level I trauma centers) across Europe between 2015 and 2017. Functional outcome was assessed at 6 months and a year. We used multivariable adjusted instrumental variable (IV) analysis with “center” as instrument and logistic regression with covariate adjustment to determine the effect estimate of EVD on 6-month functional outcome. Results: A total of 878 patients of all TBI severities with an indication for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were included in the present study, of whom 739 (84%) patients had an IP monitor and 139 (16%) an EVD. Patients included were predominantly male (74% in the IP monitor and 76% in the EVD group), with a median age of 46 years in the IP group and 48 in the EVD group. Six-month GOS-E was similar between IP and EVD patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval [CI] OR 0.74 and 95% CI [0.36–1.52], adjusted IV analysis). The length of intensive care unit stay was greater in the EVD group than in the IP group (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI] 1.70 [1.34–2.12], IV analysis). One hundred eighty-seven of the 739 patients in the IP group (25%) required an EVD due to refractory ICPs. Conclusion: We found no major differences in outcomes of patients with TBI when comparing EVD-guided and IP monitor–guided ICP management. In our cohort, a quarter of patients that initially received an IP monitor required an EVD later for ICP control. The prevalence of complications was higher in the EVD group. Protocol: The core study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221, and the Resource Identification Portal (RRID: SCR_015582).
Published: 2022

16. Development of TRL5 Space Qualified Hardware for Tuning, Biasing, and Readout of Kilopixel TES Bolometer Arrays

Author: Smecher, Graeme, Cameron, Peter, Cliche, Jean-Francois, Dobbs, Matt, Montgomery, Joshua, Smecher, Graeme, Cameron, Peter, Cliche, Jean-Francois, Dobbs, Matt, and Montgomery, Joshua
Abstract: The next generation of space-based mm-wave telescopes, such as JAXA's LiteBIRD mission, require focal planes with thousands of detectors in order to achieve their science goals. Digital frequency-domain multiplexing (dfmux) techniques allow detector counts to scale without a linear growth in wire harnessing, sub-Kelvin refrigerator loads, and other scaling problems. In this paper, we introduce Technology Readiness Level 5 (TRL5) electronics suitable for biasing and readout of LiteBIRD's Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers using dfmux techniques. These electronics sit between the spacecraft's payload computer and the cryogenic focal plane, and provide detector biasing, tuning, and readout interfaces between these detectors and the spacecraft's on-board storage. We describe the overall architecture of the electronics, including functional decomposition into modules, the numerology and interconnection of these modules, and their internal and external interfaces. We describe performance measurements to date, including power consumption, thermal performance, and mass, volume, and reliability estimates. This paper is a companion piece to a description of the electronics' on-board Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) firmware., Comment: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022, 10 pages
Published: 2022

17. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author: Rigby, Jane, Perrin, Marshall, McElwain, Michael, Kimble, Randy, Friedman, Scott, Lallo, Matt, Doyon, René, Feinberg, Lee, Ferruit, Pierre, Glasse, Alistair, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wright, Gillian, Willott, Chris, Colon, Knicole, Milam, Stefanie, Neff, Susan, Stark, Christopher, Valenti, Jeff, Abell, Jim, Abney, Faith, Abul-Huda, Yasin, Acton, D. Scott, Adams, Evan, Adler, David, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ahmed, Nasif, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Marsha, Altenburg, Martin, Marquez, Javier Alvarez, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Andersen, Greg, Anderson, Harry, Anderson, Sara, Argyriou, Ioannis, Armstrong, Amber, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Etienne, Arvai, Amanda, Atkinson, Charles, Bacon, Gregory, Bair, Thomas, Banks, Kimberly, Barrientes, Jaclyn, Barringer, Bruce, Bartosik, Peter, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Beatty, Thomas, Bechtold, Katie, Beck, Tracy, Bergeron, Eddie, Bergkoetter, Matthew, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Birkmann, Stephan, Blazek, Ronald, Blome, Claire, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boeker, Torsten, Boia, John, Bonaventura, Nina, Bond, Nicholas, Bosley, Kari, Boucarut, Ray, Bourque, Matthew, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Bradley, Larry, Brady, Greg, Braun, Hannah, Breda, David, Bresnahan, Pamela, Bright, Stacey, Britt, Christopher, Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian, Brooks, Keira, Brown, Bob, Brown, Matthew, Brown, Patricia, Bunker, Andy, Burger, Matthew, Bushouse, Howard, Cale, Steven, Cameron, Alex, Cameron, Peter, Canipe, Alicia, Caplinger, James, Caputo, Francis, Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Carniani, Stefano, Carrasquilla, Maria, Carruthers, Margaret, Case, Michael, Catherine, Riggs, Chance, Don, Chapman, George, Charlot, Stéphane, Charlow, Brian, Chayer, Pierre, Chen, Bin, Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah, Chilton, Zack, Chonis, Taylor, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles, Clark, Kerry, Coe, Dan, Coleman, Benee, Comber, Brian, Comeau, Tom, Connolly, Dennis, Cooper, James, Cooper, Rachel, Coppock, Eric, Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Coulais, Alain, Coyle, Laura, Cracraft, Misty, Curti, Mirko, Cuturic, Steven, Davis, Katherine, Davis, Michael, Dean, Bruce, DeLisa, Amy, deMeester, Wim, Dencheva, Nadia, Dencheva, Nadezhda, DePasquale, Joseph, Deschenes, Jeremy, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa, Dicken, Dan, DiFelice, Audrey, Dillman, Matthew, Dixon, William, Doggett, Jesse, Donaldson, Tom, Douglas, Rob, DuPrie, Kimberly, Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Easmin, Nilufar, Eck, Weston, Edeani, Chinwe, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, Eisenhower, Michael, Elie, Michelle, Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle, Ellis, Tracy, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Nestor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Falini, Patrick, Feeney, Matthew, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph, Fincham, Brian, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Florian, Michael, Flynn, Jim, Fontanella, Erin, Ford, Terrance, Forshay, Peter, Fox, Ori, Franz, David, Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander, Galkin, Sergey, Galyer, Anthony, Marin, Macarena Garcia, Gardner, Jonathan, Gardner, Lisa, Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce, Gasman, Danny, Gaspar, Andras, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul, Gennaro, Mario, Giardino, Giovanna, Girard, Julien, Giuliano, Mark, Glassmire, Kirk, Glauser, Adrian, Glazer, Stuart, Godfrey, John, Golimowski, David, Gollnitz, David, Gong, Fan, Gonzaga, Shireen, Gordon, Michael, Gordon, Karl, Goudfrooij, Paul, Greene, Thomas, Greenhouse, Matthew, Grimaldi, Stefano, Groebner, Andrew, Grundy, Timothy, Guillard, Pierre, Gutman, Irvin, Ha, Kong Q., Haderlein, Peter, Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest, Hammel, Heidi, Hansen, Carl, Harkins, Tom, Harr, Michael, Hart, Jessica, Hart, Quyen, Hartig, George, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee, Hathaway, William, Havey, Keith, Hayden, Brian, Hecht, Karen, Heller-Boyer, Chris, Henriques, Caroline, Henry, Alaina, Hermann, Karl, Hernandez, Scarlin, Hesman, Brigette, Hicks, Brian, Hilbert, Bryan, Hines, Dean, Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie, Holler, Bryan J., Hoppa, Jennifer, Hott, Kyle, Howard, Joseph, Howard, Rick, Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David, Hurst, Brendan, Husemann, Bernd, Hustak, Leah, Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra, Jackson, Wallace, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, LeAndrea, James, Bryan, Januszewski, William, Jenkins, Ann, Jirdeh, Hussein, Johnson, Phillip, Johnson, Timothy, Jones, Vicki, Jones, Ron, Jones, Danny, Jones, Olivia, Jordan, Ian, Jordan, Margaret, Jurczyk, Sarah, Jurling, Alden, Kaleida, Catherine, Kalmanson, Phillip, Kammerer, Jens, Kang, Huijo, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane, Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelly, Doug, Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert, Kenny, Deborah, Keski-kuha, Ritva, Keyes, Charles, Kidwell, Richard, Kinzel, Wayne, Kirk, Jeff, Kirkpatrick, Mark, Kirshenblat, Danielle, Klaassen, Pamela, Knapp, Bryan, Knight, J. Scott, Knollenberg, Perry, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton, Kovacs, Aiden, Kulp, Trey, Kumari, Nimisha, Kyprianou, Mark, La Massa, Stephanie, Labador, Aurora, Ortega, Alvaro Labiano, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe, Lallo, Matthew, Lam, May, Lamb, Tracy, Lambros, Scott, Lampenfield, Richard, Langston, James, Larson, Kirsten, Law, David, Lawrence, Jon, Lee, David, Leisenring, Jarron, Lepo, Kelly, Leveille, Michael, Levenson, Nancy, Levine, Marie, Levy, Zena, Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Hannah, Libralato, Mattia, Lightsey, Paul, Link, Miranda, Liu, Lily, Lo, Amy, Lockwood, Alexandra, Logue, Ryan, Long, Chris, Long, Douglas, Loomis, Charles, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, Lucy, Adrian, Luetzgendorf, Nora, Maghami, Peiman, Maiolino, Roberto, Major, Melissa, Malla, Sunita, Malumuth, Eliot, Manjavacas, Elena, Mannfolk, Crystal, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André, Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory, Masciarelli, Michaela, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Mather, John, McKenzie, Kenny, McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, Melbourne, Katie, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael, Merz, Kaiya, Meyett, Michele, Meza, Luis, Miskey, Cherie, Misselt, Karl, Moller, Christopher, Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie, Moseley, Harvey, Mosier, Gary, Mountain, Matt, Mueckay, Julio, Mueller, Michael, Mullally, Susan, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine, Murray, Claire, Mustelier, David, Muzerolle, James, Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nanavati, Shashvat, Nance, Elizabeth, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Nelan, Edmund, Nickson, Bryony, Nielson, Alethea, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, O'Shaughnessy, Brian, O'Sullivan, Brian, Ochs, William, Ogle, Patrick, Oleszczuk, Brenda, Olmsted, Joseph, Osborne, Shannon, Ottens, Richard, Owens, Beverly, Pacifici, Camilla, Pagan, Alyssa, Page, James, Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith, Patapis, Polychronis, Paul, Lee, Pauly, Tyler, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, Pedder, Andrew, Peek, Matthew, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, Pennanen, Konstantin, Perez, Yesenia, Perna, Michele, Perriello, Beth, Phillips, Kevin, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph, Piwowar, Aidan, Platais, Vera, Player, Danielle, Plesha, Rachel, Pollizi, Joe, Polster, Ethan, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porterfield, Blair, Proffitt, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Pulliam, Christine, Quirt, Brian, Neira, Irma Quispe, Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Ramsay, Leah, Rapp, Greg, Rapp, Robert, Rauscher, Bernard, Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Regan, Michael, Reichard, Timothy A., Reis, Carl, Ressler, Michael E., Rest, Armin, Reynolds, Paul, Rhue, Timothy, Richon, Karen, Rickman, Emily, Ridgaway, Michael, Ritchie, Christine, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory, Robinson, Michael, Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank, Rodriguez, David, Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott, Roman, Anthony, Romelfanger, Fred, Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony, Roth, Marc, Rothwell, Braden, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Royle, Patricia, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Runnels, Joel, Russ, Melissa, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Ryden, Grant, Ryer, Holly, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatke, Derek, Sabbi, Elena, Samuelson, Bridget, Sapp, Benjamin, Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B., Sauer, Arne, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schlawin, Everett, Schlitz, Joseph, Schmitz, Tyler, Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schulze, Vonessa, Schwab, Ryan, Scott, John, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard, Shawger, Nanci, Shay, Christopher, Sheehan, Evan, Shen, Sharon, Sherman, Allan, Shiao, Bernard, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, Sing, David, Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Skipper, Joy, Sloan, Gregory, Slocum, Christine, Slowinski, Steven, Smith, Erin, Smith, Eric, Smith, Denise, Smith, Corbett, Snyder, Gregory, Soh, Warren, Sohn, Tony, Soto, Christian, Spencer, Richard, Stallcup, Scott, Stansberry, John, Starr, Carl, Starr, Elysia, Stewart, Alphonso, Stiavelli, Massimo, Straughn, Amber, Strickland, David, Stys, Jeff, Summers, Francis, Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Ben, Swade, Daryl, Swam, Michael, Swaters, Robert, Swoish, Robby, Taylor, Joanna M., Taylor, Rolanda, Plate, Maurice Te, Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly, Telfer, Randal, Temim, Tea, Thatte, Deepashri, Thompson, Christopher, Thompson, Linda, Thomson, Shaun, Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tippet, William, Todd, Connor, Toolan, Sharon, Tran, Hien, Trejo, Edwin, Truong, Justin, Tsukamoto, Chris, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael, Van Campen, Julie, Vandal, Thomas, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vila, Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Wahlgren, Glenn, Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine, Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Matthew, Watkins, Mitchell, Weaver, Andrew, Weilert, Mark, Weiser, Nick, Weiss, Ben, Weissman, Sarah, Welty, Alan, West, Garrett, Wheate, Lauren, Wheatley, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Thomas, White, Rick, Whiteaker, Kevin, Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer, Whitman, William, Williams, Christina, Willmer, Christopher, Willoughby, Scott, Wilson, Andrew, Wirth, Gregory, Wislowski, Emily, Wolf, Erin, Wolfe, David, Wolff, Schuyler, Workman, Bill, Wright, Ray, Wu, Carl, Wu, Rai, Wymer, Kristen, Yates, Kayla, Yeager, Christopher, Yeates, Jared, Yerger, Ethan, Yoon, Jinmi, Young, Alice, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean, Zeidler, Peter, Zhou, Julia, Zielinski, Thomas, Zincke, Cristian, Zonak, Stephanie, Rigby, Jane, Perrin, Marshall, McElwain, Michael, Kimble, Randy, Friedman, Scott, Lallo, Matt, Doyon, René, Feinberg, Lee, Ferruit, Pierre, Glasse, Alistair, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wright, Gillian, Willott, Chris, Colon, Knicole, Milam, Stefanie, Neff, Susan, Stark, Christopher, Valenti, Jeff, Abell, Jim, Abney, Faith, Abul-Huda, Yasin, Acton, D. Scott, Adams, Evan, Adler, David, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ahmed, Nasif, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Marsha, Altenburg, Martin, Marquez, Javier Alvarez, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Andersen, Greg, Anderson, Harry, Anderson, Sara, Argyriou, Ioannis, Armstrong, Amber, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Etienne, Arvai, Amanda, Atkinson, Charles, Bacon, Gregory, Bair, Thomas, Banks, Kimberly, Barrientes, Jaclyn, Barringer, Bruce, Bartosik, Peter, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Beatty, Thomas, Bechtold, Katie, Beck, Tracy, Bergeron, Eddie, Bergkoetter, Matthew, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Birkmann, Stephan, Blazek, Ronald, Blome, Claire, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boeker, Torsten, Boia, John, Bonaventura, Nina, Bond, Nicholas, Bosley, Kari, Boucarut, Ray, Bourque, Matthew, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Bradley, Larry, Brady, Greg, Braun, Hannah, Breda, David, Bresnahan, Pamela, Bright, Stacey, Britt, Christopher, Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian, Brooks, Keira, Brown, Bob, Brown, Matthew, Brown, Patricia, Bunker, Andy, Burger, Matthew, Bushouse, Howard, Cale, Steven, Cameron, Alex, Cameron, Peter, Canipe, Alicia, Caplinger, James, Caputo, Francis, Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Carniani, Stefano, Carrasquilla, Maria, Carruthers, Margaret, Case, Michael, Catherine, Riggs, Chance, Don, Chapman, George, Charlot, Stéphane, Charlow, Brian, Chayer, Pierre, Chen, Bin, Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah, Chilton, Zack, Chonis, Taylor, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles, Clark, Kerry, Coe, Dan, Coleman, Benee, Comber, Brian, Comeau, Tom, Connolly, Dennis, Cooper, James, Cooper, Rachel, Coppock, Eric, Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Coulais, Alain, Coyle, Laura, Cracraft, Misty, Curti, Mirko, Cuturic, Steven, Davis, Katherine, Davis, Michael, Dean, Bruce, DeLisa, Amy, deMeester, Wim, Dencheva, Nadia, Dencheva, Nadezhda, DePasquale, Joseph, Deschenes, Jeremy, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa, Dicken, Dan, DiFelice, Audrey, Dillman, Matthew, Dixon, William, Doggett, Jesse, Donaldson, Tom, Douglas, Rob, DuPrie, Kimberly, Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Easmin, Nilufar, Eck, Weston, Edeani, Chinwe, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, Eisenhower, Michael, Elie, Michelle, Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle, Ellis, Tracy, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Nestor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Falini, Patrick, Feeney, Matthew, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph, Fincham, Brian, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Florian, Michael, Flynn, Jim, Fontanella, Erin, Ford, Terrance, Forshay, Peter, Fox, Ori, Franz, David, Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander, Galkin, Sergey, Galyer, Anthony, Marin, Macarena Garcia, Gardner, Jonathan, Gardner, Lisa, Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce, Gasman, Danny, Gaspar, Andras, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul, Gennaro, Mario, Giardino, Giovanna, Girard, Julien, Giuliano, Mark, Glassmire, Kirk, Glauser, Adrian, Glazer, Stuart, Godfrey, John, Golimowski, David, Gollnitz, David, Gong, Fan, Gonzaga, Shireen, Gordon, Michael, Gordon, Karl, Goudfrooij, Paul, Greene, Thomas, Greenhouse, Matthew, Grimaldi, Stefano, Groebner, Andrew, Grundy, Timothy, Guillard, Pierre, Gutman, Irvin, Ha, Kong Q., Haderlein, Peter, Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest, Hammel, Heidi, Hansen, Carl, Harkins, Tom, Harr, Michael, Hart, Jessica, Hart, Quyen, Hartig, George, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee, Hathaway, William, Havey, Keith, Hayden, Brian, Hecht, Karen, Heller-Boyer, Chris, Henriques, Caroline, Henry, Alaina, Hermann, Karl, Hernandez, Scarlin, Hesman, Brigette, Hicks, Brian, Hilbert, Bryan, Hines, Dean, Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie, Holler, Bryan J., Hoppa, Jennifer, Hott, Kyle, Howard, Joseph, Howard, Rick, Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David, Hurst, Brendan, Husemann, Bernd, Hustak, Leah, Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra, Jackson, Wallace, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, LeAndrea, James, Bryan, Januszewski, William, Jenkins, Ann, Jirdeh, Hussein, Johnson, Phillip, Johnson, Timothy, Jones, Vicki, Jones, Ron, Jones, Danny, Jones, Olivia, Jordan, Ian, Jordan, Margaret, Jurczyk, Sarah, Jurling, Alden, Kaleida, Catherine, Kalmanson, Phillip, Kammerer, Jens, Kang, Huijo, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane, Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelly, Doug, Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert, Kenny, Deborah, Keski-kuha, Ritva, Keyes, Charles, Kidwell, Richard, Kinzel, Wayne, Kirk, Jeff, Kirkpatrick, Mark, Kirshenblat, Danielle, Klaassen, Pamela, Knapp, Bryan, Knight, J. Scott, Knollenberg, Perry, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton, Kovacs, Aiden, Kulp, Trey, Kumari, Nimisha, Kyprianou, Mark, La Massa, Stephanie, Labador, Aurora, Ortega, Alvaro Labiano, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe, Lallo, Matthew, Lam, May, Lamb, Tracy, Lambros, Scott, Lampenfield, Richard, Langston, James, Larson, Kirsten, Law, David, Lawrence, Jon, Lee, David, Leisenring, Jarron, Lepo, Kelly, Leveille, Michael, Levenson, Nancy, Levine, Marie, Levy, Zena, Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Hannah, Libralato, Mattia, Lightsey, Paul, Link, Miranda, Liu, Lily, Lo, Amy, Lockwood, Alexandra, Logue, Ryan, Long, Chris, Long, Douglas, Loomis, Charles, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, Lucy, Adrian, Luetzgendorf, Nora, Maghami, Peiman, Maiolino, Roberto, Major, Melissa, Malla, Sunita, Malumuth, Eliot, Manjavacas, Elena, Mannfolk, Crystal, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André, Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory, Masciarelli, Michaela, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Mather, John, McKenzie, Kenny, McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, Melbourne, Katie, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael, Merz, Kaiya, Meyett, Michele, Meza, Luis, Miskey, Cherie, Misselt, Karl, Moller, Christopher, Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie, Moseley, Harvey, Mosier, Gary, Mountain, Matt, Mueckay, Julio, Mueller, Michael, Mullally, Susan, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine, Murray, Claire, Mustelier, David, Muzerolle, James, Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nanavati, Shashvat, Nance, Elizabeth, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Nelan, Edmund, Nickson, Bryony, Nielson, Alethea, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, O'Shaughnessy, Brian, O'Sullivan, Brian, Ochs, William, Ogle, Patrick, Oleszczuk, Brenda, Olmsted, Joseph, Osborne, Shannon, Ottens, Richard, Owens, Beverly, Pacifici, Camilla, Pagan, Alyssa, Page, James, Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith, Patapis, Polychronis, Paul, Lee, Pauly, Tyler, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, Pedder, Andrew, Peek, Matthew, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, Pennanen, Konstantin, Perez, Yesenia, Perna, Michele, Perriello, Beth, Phillips, Kevin, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph, Piwowar, Aidan, Platais, Vera, Player, Danielle, Plesha, Rachel, Pollizi, Joe, Polster, Ethan, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porterfield, Blair, Proffitt, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Pulliam, Christine, Quirt, Brian, Neira, Irma Quispe, Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Ramsay, Leah, Rapp, Greg, Rapp, Robert, Rauscher, Bernard, Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Regan, Michael, Reichard, Timothy A., Reis, Carl, Ressler, Michael E., Rest, Armin, Reynolds, Paul, Rhue, Timothy, Richon, Karen, Rickman, Emily, Ridgaway, Michael, Ritchie, Christine, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory, Robinson, Michael, Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank, Rodriguez, David, Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott, Roman, Anthony, Romelfanger, Fred, Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony, Roth, Marc, Rothwell, Braden, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Royle, Patricia, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Runnels, Joel, Russ, Melissa, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Ryden, Grant, Ryer, Holly, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatke, Derek, Sabbi, Elena, Samuelson, Bridget, Sapp, Benjamin, Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B., Sauer, Arne, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schlawin, Everett, Schlitz, Joseph, Schmitz, Tyler, Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schulze, Vonessa, Schwab, Ryan, Scott, John, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard, Shawger, Nanci, Shay, Christopher, Sheehan, Evan, Shen, Sharon, Sherman, Allan, Shiao, Bernard, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, Sing, David, Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Skipper, Joy, Sloan, Gregory, Slocum, Christine, Slowinski, Steven, Smith, Erin, Smith, Eric, Smith, Denise, Smith, Corbett, Snyder, Gregory, Soh, Warren, Sohn, Tony, Soto, Christian, Spencer, Richard, Stallcup, Scott, Stansberry, John, Starr, Carl, Starr, Elysia, Stewart, Alphonso, Stiavelli, Massimo, Straughn, Amber, Strickland, David, Stys, Jeff, Summers, Francis, Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Ben, Swade, Daryl, Swam, Michael, Swaters, Robert, Swoish, Robby, Taylor, Joanna M., Taylor, Rolanda, Plate, Maurice Te, Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly, Telfer, Randal, Temim, Tea, Thatte, Deepashri, Thompson, Christopher, Thompson, Linda, Thomson, Shaun, Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tippet, William, Todd, Connor, Toolan, Sharon, Tran, Hien, Trejo, Edwin, Truong, Justin, Tsukamoto, Chris, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael, Van Campen, Julie, Vandal, Thomas, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vila, Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Wahlgren, Glenn, Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine, Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Matthew, Watkins, Mitchell, Weaver, Andrew, Weilert, Mark, Weiser, Nick, Weiss, Ben, Weissman, Sarah, Welty, Alan, West, Garrett, Wheate, Lauren, Wheatley, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Thomas, White, Rick, Whiteaker, Kevin, Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer, Whitman, William, Williams, Christina, Willmer, Christopher, Willoughby, Scott, Wilson, Andrew, Wirth, Gregory, Wislowski, Emily, Wolf, Erin, Wolfe, David, Wolff, Schuyler, Workman, Bill, Wright, Ray, Wu, Carl, Wu, Rai, Wymer, Kristen, Yates, Kayla, Yeager, Christopher, Yeates, Jared, Yerger, Ethan, Yoon, Jinmi, Young, Alice, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean, Zeidler, Peter, Zhou, Julia, Zielinski, Thomas, Zincke, Cristian, and Zonak, Stephanie
Abstract: This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293
Published: 2022
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18. Recognizing the Commuting Graph of a Finite Group

Author: Arvind, V., Cameron, Peter. J., Arvind, V., and Cameron, Peter. J.
Abstract: In this paper we study the realizability question for commuting graphs of finite groups: Given an undirected graph $X$ is it the commuting graph of a group $G$? And if so, to determine such a group. We seek efficient algorithms for this problem. We make some general observations on this problem, and obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for the case of extraspecial groups.
Published: 2022

19. Measurement invariance of six language versions of the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 in civilians after traumatic brain injury

Author: Bockhop, F, Zeldovich, M, Cunitz, K, Van Praag, D, van der Vlegel, M, Beissbarth, T, Hagmayer, Y, von Steinbuechel, N, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini Maria, L, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi Maria, R, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper Jamie, D, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin Valery, L, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Guoyi Gao, N, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, A., G, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, L., G, Gupta, D, A., H, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, J., H, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, G., K, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, I. R., M, Castaño-León Ana, M, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menon, D, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Olubukola, O, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Palotie, A, Parizel Paul, M, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti Jussi, P, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Helmrich Isabel, R, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld Jeffrey, V, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, RueckertMartin Rusnák, D, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou Rico, F, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Singh Ranjit, D, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Steyerberg Ewout, W, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Steven Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Maria Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, Van der Steen, G, Naalt Joukje van, D, T. J. M., V, van Erp Inge, A, van Essen Thomas, A, Hecke Wim, V, van Heugten, C, van Veen, E, Vande Vyvere, T, van Wijk Roel, P, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa Paul, M, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, K. W., W, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler Frederick, A, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Bockhop Fabian, Zeldovich Marina, Cunitz Katrin, Van Praag Dominique, van der Vlegel Marjolein, Beissbarth Tim, Hagmayer York, von Steinbuechel Nicole, Åkerlund Cecilia, Amrein Krisztina, Andelic Nada, Andreassen Lasse, Anke Audny, Antoni Anna, Audibert Gérard, Azouvi Philippe, Azzolini Maria Luisa, Bartels Ronald, Barzó Pál, Beauvais Romuald, Beer Ronny, Bellander Bo-Michael, Belli Antonio, Benali Habib, Berardino Maurizio, Beretta Luigi, Blaabjerg Morten, Bragge Peter, Brazinova Alexandra, Brinck Vibeke, Brooker Joanne, Brorsson Camilla, Buki Andras, Bullinger Monika, Cabeleira Manuel, Caccioppola Alessio, Calappi Emiliana, Calvi Maria Rosa, Cameron Peter, Carbayo Lozano Guillermo, Carbonara Marco, Cavallo Simona, Chevallard Giorgio, Chieregato Arturo, Citerio Giuseppe, Clusmann Hans, Coburn Mark, Coles Jonathan, Cooper Jamie D., Correia Marta, Čović Amra, Curry Nicola, Czeiter Endre, Czosnyka Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier Claire, Dark Paul, Dawes Helen, De Keyser Véronique, Degos Vincent, Della Corte Francesco, den Boogert Hugo, Depreitere Bart, Đilvesi Đula, Dixit Abhishek, Donoghue Emma, Dreier Jens, Dulière Guy-Loup, Ercole Ari, Esser Patrick, Ezer Erzsébet, Fabricius Martin, Feigin Valery L., Foks Kelly, Frisvold Shirin, Furmanov Alex, Gagliardo Pablo, Galanaud Damien, Gantner Dashiell, Guoyi Gao null, George Pradeep, Ghuysen Alexandre, Giga Lelde, Glocker Ben, Golubovic Jagoš, A. Gomez Pedro, Gratz Johannes, Gravesteijn Benjamin, Grossi Francesca, L. Gruen Russell, Gupta Deepak, A. Haagsma Juanita, Haitsma Iain, Helbok Raimund, Helseth Eirik, Horton Lindsay, Huijben Jilske, J. Hutchinson Peter, Jacobs Bram, Jankowski Stefan, Jarrett Mike, Jiang Ji-yao, Johnson Faye, Jones Kelly, Karan Mladen, G. Kolias Angelos, Kompanje Erwin, Kondziella Daniel, Kornaropoulos Evgenios, Koskinen Lars-Owe, Kovács Noémi, Kowark Ana, Lagares Alfonso, Lanyon Linda, Laureys Steven, Lecky Fiona, Ledoux Didier, Lefering Rolf, Legrand Valerie, Lejeune Aurelie, Levi Leon, Lightfoot Roger, Lingsma Hester, I. R. Maas Andrew, Castaño-León Ana M., Maegele Marc, Majdan Marek, Manara Alex, Manley Geoffrey, Martino Costanza, Maréchal Hugues, Mattern Julia, McMahon Catherine, Melegh Béla, Menon David, Menovsky Tomas, Mikolic Ana, Misset Benoit, Muraleedharan Visakh, Murray Lynnette, Negru Ancuta, Nelson David, Newcombe Virginia, Nieboer Daan, Nyirádi József, Olubukola Otesile, Oresic Matej, Ortolano Fabrizio, Palotie Aarno, Parizel Paul M., Payen Jean-François, Perera Natascha, Perlbarg Vincent, Persona Paolo, Peul Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen Anna, Pirinen Matti, Pisica Dana, Ples Horia, Polinder Suzanne, Pomposo Inigo, Posti Jussi P., Puybasset Louis, Radoi Andreea, Ragauskas Arminas, Raj Rahul, Rambadagalla Malinka, Helmrich Isabel Retel, Rhodes Jonathan, Richardson Sylvia, Richter Sophie, Ripatti Samuli, Rocka Saulius, Roe Cecilie, Roise Olav, Rosand Jonathan, Rosenfeld Jeffrey V., Rosenlund Christina, Rosenthal Guy, Rossaint Rolf, Rossi Sandra, RueckertMartin Rusnák Daniel, Sahuquillo Juan, Sakowitz Oliver, Sanchez-Porras Renan, Sandor Janos, Schäfer Nadine, Schmidt Silke, Schoechl Herbert, Schoonman Guus, Schou Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein Elisabeth, Sewalt Charlie, Singh Ranjit D., Skandsen Toril, Smielewski Peter, Sorinola Abayomi, Stamatakis Emmanuel, Stanworth Simon, Stevens Robert, Stewart William, Steyerberg Ewout W., Stocchetti Nino, Sundström Nina, Takala Riikka, Tamás Viktória, Tamosuitis Tomas, Steven Taylor Mark, Te Ao Braden, Tenovuo Olli, Theadom Alice, Thomas Matt, Tibboel Dick, Timmers Marjolein, Tolias Christos, Trapani Tony, Maria Tudora Cristina, Unterberg Andreas, Vajkoczy Peter, Vallance Shirley, Valeinis Egils, Vámos Zoltán, van der Jagt Mathieu, Van der Steen Gregory, Naalt Joukje van der, T. J. M. van Dijck Jeroen, van Erp Inge A. M., van Essen Thomas A., Hecke Wim Van, van Heugten Caroline, van Veen Ernest, Vande Vyvere Thijs, van Wijk Roel P. J., Vargiolu Alessia, Vega Emmanuel, Velt Kimberley, Verheyden Jan, Vespa Paul M., Vik Anne, Vilcinis Rimantas, Volovici Victor, von Steinbüchel Nicole, Voormolen Daphne, Vulekovic Petar, K. W. Wang Kevin, Whitehouse Daniel, Wiegers Eveline, Williams Guy, Wilson Lindsay, Winzeck Stefan, Wolf Stefan, Yang Zhihui, Ylén Peter, Younsi Alexander, Zeiler Frederick A., Zelinkova Veronika, Ziverte Agate, Zoerle Tommaso, Bockhop, F, Zeldovich, M, Cunitz, K, Van Praag, D, van der Vlegel, M, Beissbarth, T, Hagmayer, Y, von Steinbuechel, N, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini Maria, L, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi Maria, R, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper Jamie, D, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin Valery, L, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Guoyi Gao, N, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, A., G, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, L., G, Gupta, D, A., H, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, J., H, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, G., K, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, I. R., M, Castaño-León Ana, M, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menon, D, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Olubukola, O, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Palotie, A, Parizel Paul, M, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti Jussi, P, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Helmrich Isabel, R, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld Jeffrey, V, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, RueckertMartin Rusnák, D, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou Rico, F, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Singh Ranjit, D, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Steyerberg Ewout, W, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Steven Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Maria Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, Van der Steen, G, Naalt Joukje van, D, T. J. M., V, van Erp Inge, A, van Essen Thomas, A, Hecke Wim, V, van Heugten, C, van Veen, E, Vande Vyvere, T, van Wijk Roel, P, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa Paul, M, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, K. W., W, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler Frederick, A, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Bockhop Fabian, Zeldovich Marina, Cunitz Katrin, Van Praag Dominique, van der Vlegel Marjolein, Beissbarth Tim, Hagmayer York, von Steinbuechel Nicole, Åkerlund Cecilia, Amrein Krisztina, Andelic Nada, Andreassen Lasse, Anke Audny, Antoni Anna, Audibert Gérard, Azouvi Philippe, Azzolini Maria Luisa, Bartels Ronald, Barzó Pál, Beauvais Romuald, Beer Ronny, Bellander Bo-Michael, Belli Antonio, Benali Habib, Berardino Maurizio, Beretta Luigi, Blaabjerg Morten, Bragge Peter, Brazinova Alexandra, Brinck Vibeke, Brooker Joanne, Brorsson Camilla, Buki Andras, Bullinger Monika, Cabeleira Manuel, Caccioppola Alessio, Calappi Emiliana, Calvi Maria Rosa, Cameron Peter, Carbayo Lozano Guillermo, Carbonara Marco, Cavallo Simona, Chevallard Giorgio, Chieregato Arturo, Citerio Giuseppe, Clusmann Hans, Coburn Mark, Coles Jonathan, Cooper Jamie D., Correia Marta, Čović Amra, Curry Nicola, Czeiter Endre, Czosnyka Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier Claire, Dark Paul, Dawes Helen, De Keyser Véronique, Degos Vincent, Della Corte Francesco, den Boogert Hugo, Depreitere Bart, Đilvesi Đula, Dixit Abhishek, Donoghue Emma, Dreier Jens, Dulière Guy-Loup, Ercole Ari, Esser Patrick, Ezer Erzsébet, Fabricius Martin, Feigin Valery L., Foks Kelly, Frisvold Shirin, Furmanov Alex, Gagliardo Pablo, Galanaud Damien, Gantner Dashiell, Guoyi Gao null, George Pradeep, Ghuysen Alexandre, Giga Lelde, Glocker Ben, Golubovic Jagoš, A. Gomez Pedro, Gratz Johannes, Gravesteijn Benjamin, Grossi Francesca, L. Gruen Russell, Gupta Deepak, A. Haagsma Juanita, Haitsma Iain, Helbok Raimund, Helseth Eirik, Horton Lindsay, Huijben Jilske, J. Hutchinson Peter, Jacobs Bram, Jankowski Stefan, Jarrett Mike, Jiang Ji-yao, Johnson Faye, Jones Kelly, Karan Mladen, G. Kolias Angelos, Kompanje Erwin, Kondziella Daniel, Kornaropoulos Evgenios, Koskinen Lars-Owe, Kovács Noémi, Kowark Ana, Lagares Alfonso, Lanyon Linda, Laureys Steven, Lecky Fiona, Ledoux Didier, Lefering Rolf, Legrand Valerie, Lejeune Aurelie, Levi Leon, Lightfoot Roger, Lingsma Hester, I. R. Maas Andrew, Castaño-León Ana M., Maegele Marc, Majdan Marek, Manara Alex, Manley Geoffrey, Martino Costanza, Maréchal Hugues, Mattern Julia, McMahon Catherine, Melegh Béla, Menon David, Menovsky Tomas, Mikolic Ana, Misset Benoit, Muraleedharan Visakh, Murray Lynnette, Negru Ancuta, Nelson David, Newcombe Virginia, Nieboer Daan, Nyirádi József, Olubukola Otesile, Oresic Matej, Ortolano Fabrizio, Palotie Aarno, Parizel Paul M., Payen Jean-François, Perera Natascha, Perlbarg Vincent, Persona Paolo, Peul Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen Anna, Pirinen Matti, Pisica Dana, Ples Horia, Polinder Suzanne, Pomposo Inigo, Posti Jussi P., Puybasset Louis, Radoi Andreea, Ragauskas Arminas, Raj Rahul, Rambadagalla Malinka, Helmrich Isabel Retel, Rhodes Jonathan, Richardson Sylvia, Richter Sophie, Ripatti Samuli, Rocka Saulius, Roe Cecilie, Roise Olav, Rosand Jonathan, Rosenfeld Jeffrey V., Rosenlund Christina, Rosenthal Guy, Rossaint Rolf, Rossi Sandra, RueckertMartin Rusnák Daniel, Sahuquillo Juan, Sakowitz Oliver, Sanchez-Porras Renan, Sandor Janos, Schäfer Nadine, Schmidt Silke, Schoechl Herbert, Schoonman Guus, Schou Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein Elisabeth, Sewalt Charlie, Singh Ranjit D., Skandsen Toril, Smielewski Peter, Sorinola Abayomi, Stamatakis Emmanuel, Stanworth Simon, Stevens Robert, Stewart William, Steyerberg Ewout W., Stocchetti Nino, Sundström Nina, Takala Riikka, Tamás Viktória, Tamosuitis Tomas, Steven Taylor Mark, Te Ao Braden, Tenovuo Olli, Theadom Alice, Thomas Matt, Tibboel Dick, Timmers Marjolein, Tolias Christos, Trapani Tony, Maria Tudora Cristina, Unterberg Andreas, Vajkoczy Peter, Vallance Shirley, Valeinis Egils, Vámos Zoltán, van der Jagt Mathieu, Van der Steen Gregory, Naalt Joukje van der, T. J. M. van Dijck Jeroen, van Erp Inge A. M., van Essen Thomas A., Hecke Wim Van, van Heugten Caroline, van Veen Ernest, Vande Vyvere Thijs, van Wijk Roel P. J., Vargiolu Alessia, Vega Emmanuel, Velt Kimberley, Verheyden Jan, Vespa Paul M., Vik Anne, Vilcinis Rimantas, Volovici Victor, von Steinbüchel Nicole, Voormolen Daphne, Vulekovic Petar, K. W. Wang Kevin, Whitehouse Daniel, Wiegers Eveline, Williams Guy, Wilson Lindsay, Winzeck Stefan, Wolf Stefan, Yang Zhihui, Ylén Peter, Younsi Alexander, Zeiler Frederick A., Zelinkova Veronika, Ziverte Agate, and Zoerle Tommaso
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric impairments such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can be screened using self-report instruments such as the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The current study aims to inspect the factorial validity and cross-linguistic equivalence of the PCL-5 in individuals after TBI with differential severity. Data for six language groups (n ≥ 200; Dutch, English, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish) were extracted from the CENTER-TBI study database. Factorial validity of PTSD was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and compared between four concurrent structural models. A multi-group CFA approach was utilized to investigate the measurement invariance (MI) of the PCL-5 across languages. All structural models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit with small between-model variation. The original DSM-5 model for PTSD provided solid evidence of MI across the language groups. The current study underlines the validity of the clinical DSM-5 conceptualization of PTSD and demonstrates the comparability of PCL-5 symptom scores between language versions in individuals after TBI. Future studies should apply MI methods to other sociodemographic (e.g., age, gender) and injury-related (e.g., TBI severity) characteristics to improve the monitoring and clinical care of individuals suffering from PTSD symptoms after TBI.
Published: 2022

20. String C-groups with real Schur index 2

Author: Cameron, Peter, Herman, Allen, Leemans, Dimitri, Cameron, Peter, Herman, Allen, and Leemans, Dimitri
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2022

21. Health care utilization and outcomes in older adults after Traumatic Brain Injury: a CENTER-TBI study

Author: van der Vlegel, M, Mikolić, A, Hee, Q, Kaplan, Z, Helmrich, I, van Veen, E, Andelic, N, Steinbuechel, N, Plass, A, Zeldovich, M, Wilson, L, Maas, A, Haagsma, J, Polinder, S, Åkerlund, C, George, P, Lanyon, L, Muraleedharan, V, Nelson, D, Amrein, K, Ezer, E, Kovács, N, Melegh, B, Nyirádi, J, Tamás, V, Vámos, Z, Sorinola, A, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Frisvold, S, Antoni, A, Schwendenwein, E, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Beretta, L, Calvi, M, Bartels, R, Boogert, H, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Perera, N, Beer, R, Helbok, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Degos, V, Galanaud, D, Perlbarg, V, Berardino, M, Cavallo, S, Blaabjerg, M, Rosenlund, C, Schou, R, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Majdan, M, Taylor, M, Zelinkova, V, Brinck, V, Jarrett, M, Brooker, J, Donoghue, E, Synnot, A, Brorsson, C, Koskinen, L, Sundström, N, Buki, A, Czeiter, E, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Czosnyka, M, Dixit, A, Ercole, A, Koraropoulos, E, Menon, D, Newcombe, V, Richter, S, Smielewski, P, Stamatakis, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Zeiler, F, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Carbonara, M, Ortolano, F, Zoerle, T, Stocchetti, N, Cameron, P, Gantner, D, Murray, L, Trapani, T, Vallance, S, Lozano, G, Pomposo, I, Castaño-León, A, Gomez, P, Lagares, A, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Ceyisakar, I, Gravesteijn, B, Huijben, J, Lingsma, H, Nieboer, D, Mikolic, A, Sewalt, C, Steyerberg, E, Velt, K, Voormolen, D, Wiegers, E, Peul, W, van Dijck, J, van Essen, T, van Wijk, R, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Kowark, A, Rossaint, R, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čovid, A, von Steinbüchel, N, Curry, N, Stanworth, S, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Johnson, F, Dawes, H, Esser, P, van Heugten, C, De Keyser, V, Menovsky, T, Van der Steen, G, Corte, F, Grossi, F, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Golubovic, J, Karan, M, Vulekovic, P, Dreier, J, Vajkoczy, P, Wolf, S, Dulière, G, Maréchal, H, Fabricius, M, Kondziella, D, Feigin, V, Jones, K, Ao, B, Theadom, A, Foks, K, Haitsma, I, Volovici, V, Furmanov, A, Rosenthal, G, Gagliardo, P, Gao, G, Jiang, J, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Valeinis, E, Ziverte, A, Glocker, B, Rueckert, D, Gratz, J, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Roe, C, Helseth, E, Roise, O, Horton, L, Hutchinson, P, Kolias, A, Jacobs, B, van der Naalt, J, Jankowski, S, Kompanje, E, Timmers, M, Laureys, S, Ledoux, D, Misset, B, Lecky, F, Olubukola, O, Lefering, R, Schäfer, N, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Vega, E, Mattern, J, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Maegele, M, Manara, A, Thomas, M, Manley, G, Martino, C, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Younsi, A, Mcmahon, C, Negru, A, Oresic, M, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Ples, H, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rossi, S, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sandor, J, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Skandsen, T, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Takala, R, Tamosuitis, T, Tenovuo, O, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Tudora, C, van der Jagt, M, Van Hecke, W, Van Praag, D, Vyvere, T, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Wang, K, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Mikolić, Ana, Hee, Quentin Lee, Kaplan, Z. L. Rana, Helmrich, Isabel R. A. Retel, van Veen, Ernest, Andelic, Nada, Steinbuechel, Nicole v., Plass, Anne Marie, Zeldovich, Marina, Wilson, Lindsay, Maas, Andrew I. R., Haagsma, Juanita A., Polinder, Suzanne, Åkerlund, Cecilia, George, Pradeep, Lanyon, Linda, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Nelson, David, Amrein, Krisztina, Ezer, Erzsébet, Kovács, Noémi, Melegh, Béla, Nyirádi, József, Tamás, Viktória, Vámos, Zoltán, Sorinola, Abayomi, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Frisvold, Shirin, Antoni, Anna, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Bartels, Ronald, Boogert, Hugo den, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Perera, Natascha, Beer, Ronny, Helbok, Raimund, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Degos, Vincent, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Blaabjerg, Morten, Rosenlund, Christina, Schou, Rico Frederik, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Majdan, Marek, Taylor, Mark Steven, Zelinkova, Veronika, Brinck, Vibeke, Jarrett, Mike, Brooker, Joanne, Donoghue, Emma, Synnot, Anneliese, Brorsson, Camilla, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Sundström, Nina, Buki, Andras, Czeiter, Endre, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Czosnyka, Marek, Dixit, Abhishek, Ercole, Ari, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Menon, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Richter, Sophie, Smielewski, Peter, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Zeiler, Frederick A., Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Carbonara, Marco, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Zoerle, Tommaso, Stocchetti, Nino, Cameron, Peter, Gantner, Dashiell, Murray, Lynnette, Trapani, Tony, Vallance, Shirley, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Pomposo, Inigo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Gomez, Pedro A., Lagares, Alfonso, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Vargiolu, Alessia, Ceyisakar, Iris, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Huijben, Jilske, Lingsma, Hester, Nieboer, Daan, Mikolic, Ana, Sewalt, Charlie, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Velt, Kimberley, Voormolen, Daphne, Wiegers, Eveline, Peul, Wilco, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Essen, Thomas A., van Wijk, Roel P. J., Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Kowark, Ana, Rossaint, Rolf, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čovid, Amra, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Curry, Nicola, Stanworth, Simon, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Johnson, Faye, Dawes, Helen, Esser, Patrick, van Heugten, Caroline, De Keyser, Véronique, Menovsky, Tomas, Van der Steen, Gregory, Corte, Francesco Della, Grossi, Francesca, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Golubovic, Jagoš, Karan, Mladen, Vulekovic, Petar, Dreier, Jens, Vajkoczy, Peter, Wolf, Stefan, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Maréchal, Hugues, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Feigin, Valery L., Jones, Kelly, Ao, Braden Te, Theadom, Alice, Foks, Kelly, Haitsma, Iain, Volovici, Victor, Furmanov, Alex, Rosenthal, Guy, Gagliardo, Pablo, Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Ji-yao, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Valeinis, Egils, Ziverte, Agate, Glocker, Ben, Rueckert, Daniel, Gratz, Johannes, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Roe, Cecilie, Helseth, Eirik, Roise, Olav, Horton, Lindsay, Hutchinson, Peter J., Kolias, Angelos G., Jacobs, Bram, van der Naalt, Joukje, Jankowski, Stefan, Kompanje, Erwin, Timmers, Marjolein, Laureys, Steven, Ledoux, Didier, Misset, Benoit, Lecky, Fiona, Olubukola, Otesile, Lefering, Rolf, Schäfer, Nadine, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Vega, Emmanuel, Mattern, Julia, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Maegele, Marc, Manara, Alex, Thomas, Matt, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Younsi, Alexander, McMahon, Catherine, Negru, Ancuta, Oresic, Matej, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Persona, Paolo, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rossi, Sandra, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sandor, Janos, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Skandsen, Toril, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Takala, Riikka, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Tenovuo, Olli, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Tudora, Cristina Maria, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Van Hecke, Wim, Van Praag, Dominique, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Wang, Kevin K. W., Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, van der Vlegel, M, Mikolić, A, Hee, Q, Kaplan, Z, Helmrich, I, van Veen, E, Andelic, N, Steinbuechel, N, Plass, A, Zeldovich, M, Wilson, L, Maas, A, Haagsma, J, Polinder, S, Åkerlund, C, George, P, Lanyon, L, Muraleedharan, V, Nelson, D, Amrein, K, Ezer, E, Kovács, N, Melegh, B, Nyirádi, J, Tamás, V, Vámos, Z, Sorinola, A, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Frisvold, S, Antoni, A, Schwendenwein, E, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Beretta, L, Calvi, M, Bartels, R, Boogert, H, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Perera, N, Beer, R, Helbok, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Degos, V, Galanaud, D, Perlbarg, V, Berardino, M, Cavallo, S, Blaabjerg, M, Rosenlund, C, Schou, R, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Majdan, M, Taylor, M, Zelinkova, V, Brinck, V, Jarrett, M, Brooker, J, Donoghue, E, Synnot, A, Brorsson, C, Koskinen, L, Sundström, N, Buki, A, Czeiter, E, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Czosnyka, M, Dixit, A, Ercole, A, Koraropoulos, E, Menon, D, Newcombe, V, Richter, S, Smielewski, P, Stamatakis, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Zeiler, F, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Carbonara, M, Ortolano, F, Zoerle, T, Stocchetti, N, Cameron, P, Gantner, D, Murray, L, Trapani, T, Vallance, S, Lozano, G, Pomposo, I, Castaño-León, A, Gomez, P, Lagares, A, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Ceyisakar, I, Gravesteijn, B, Huijben, J, Lingsma, H, Nieboer, D, Mikolic, A, Sewalt, C, Steyerberg, E, Velt, K, Voormolen, D, Wiegers, E, Peul, W, van Dijck, J, van Essen, T, van Wijk, R, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Kowark, A, Rossaint, R, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čovid, A, von Steinbüchel, N, Curry, N, Stanworth, S, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Johnson, F, Dawes, H, Esser, P, van Heugten, C, De Keyser, V, Menovsky, T, Van der Steen, G, Corte, F, Grossi, F, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Golubovic, J, Karan, M, Vulekovic, P, Dreier, J, Vajkoczy, P, Wolf, S, Dulière, G, Maréchal, H, Fabricius, M, Kondziella, D, Feigin, V, Jones, K, Ao, B, Theadom, A, Foks, K, Haitsma, I, Volovici, V, Furmanov, A, Rosenthal, G, Gagliardo, P, Gao, G, Jiang, J, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Valeinis, E, Ziverte, A, Glocker, B, Rueckert, D, Gratz, J, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Roe, C, Helseth, E, Roise, O, Horton, L, Hutchinson, P, Kolias, A, Jacobs, B, van der Naalt, J, Jankowski, S, Kompanje, E, Timmers, M, Laureys, S, Ledoux, D, Misset, B, Lecky, F, Olubukola, O, Lefering, R, Schäfer, N, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Vega, E, Mattern, J, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Maegele, M, Manara, A, Thomas, M, Manley, G, Martino, C, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Younsi, A, Mcmahon, C, Negru, A, Oresic, M, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Ples, H, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rossi, S, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sandor, J, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Skandsen, T, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Takala, R, Tamosuitis, T, Tenovuo, O, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Tudora, C, van der Jagt, M, Van Hecke, W, Van Praag, D, Vyvere, T, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Wang, K, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, van der Vlegel, Marjolein, Mikolić, Ana, Hee, Quentin Lee, Kaplan, Z. L. Rana, Helmrich, Isabel R. A. Retel, van Veen, Ernest, Andelic, Nada, Steinbuechel, Nicole v., Plass, Anne Marie, Zeldovich, Marina, Wilson, Lindsay, Maas, Andrew I. R., Haagsma, Juanita A., Polinder, Suzanne, Åkerlund, Cecilia, George, Pradeep, Lanyon, Linda, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Nelson, David, Amrein, Krisztina, Ezer, Erzsébet, Kovács, Noémi, Melegh, Béla, Nyirádi, József, Tamás, Viktória, Vámos, Zoltán, Sorinola, Abayomi, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Frisvold, Shirin, Antoni, Anna, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Bartels, Ronald, Boogert, Hugo den, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Perera, Natascha, Beer, Ronny, Helbok, Raimund, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Degos, Vincent, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Blaabjerg, Morten, Rosenlund, Christina, Schou, Rico Frederik, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Majdan, Marek, Taylor, Mark Steven, Zelinkova, Veronika, Brinck, Vibeke, Jarrett, Mike, Brooker, Joanne, Donoghue, Emma, Synnot, Anneliese, Brorsson, Camilla, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Sundström, Nina, Buki, Andras, Czeiter, Endre, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Czosnyka, Marek, Dixit, Abhishek, Ercole, Ari, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Menon, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Richter, Sophie, Smielewski, Peter, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Zeiler, Frederick A., Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Carbonara, Marco, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Zoerle, Tommaso, Stocchetti, Nino, Cameron, Peter, Gantner, Dashiell, Murray, Lynnette, Trapani, Tony, Vallance, Shirley, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Pomposo, Inigo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Gomez, Pedro A., Lagares, Alfonso, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Vargiolu, Alessia, Ceyisakar, Iris, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Huijben, Jilske, Lingsma, Hester, Nieboer, Daan, Mikolic, Ana, Sewalt, Charlie, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Velt, Kimberley, Voormolen, Daphne, Wiegers, Eveline, Peul, Wilco, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Essen, Thomas A., van Wijk, Roel P. J., Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Kowark, Ana, Rossaint, Rolf, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čovid, Amra, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Curry, Nicola, Stanworth, Simon, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Johnson, Faye, Dawes, Helen, Esser, Patrick, van Heugten, Caroline, De Keyser, Véronique, Menovsky, Tomas, Van der Steen, Gregory, Corte, Francesco Della, Grossi, Francesca, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Golubovic, Jagoš, Karan, Mladen, Vulekovic, Petar, Dreier, Jens, Vajkoczy, Peter, Wolf, Stefan, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Maréchal, Hugues, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Feigin, Valery L., Jones, Kelly, Ao, Braden Te, Theadom, Alice, Foks, Kelly, Haitsma, Iain, Volovici, Victor, Furmanov, Alex, Rosenthal, Guy, Gagliardo, Pablo, Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Ji-yao, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Valeinis, Egils, Ziverte, Agate, Glocker, Ben, Rueckert, Daniel, Gratz, Johannes, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Roe, Cecilie, Helseth, Eirik, Roise, Olav, Horton, Lindsay, Hutchinson, Peter J., Kolias, Angelos G., Jacobs, Bram, van der Naalt, Joukje, Jankowski, Stefan, Kompanje, Erwin, Timmers, Marjolein, Laureys, Steven, Ledoux, Didier, Misset, Benoit, Lecky, Fiona, Olubukola, Otesile, Lefering, Rolf, Schäfer, Nadine, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Vega, Emmanuel, Mattern, Julia, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Maegele, Marc, Manara, Alex, Thomas, Matt, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Younsi, Alexander, McMahon, Catherine, Negru, Ancuta, Oresic, Matej, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Persona, Paolo, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rossi, Sandra, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sandor, Janos, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Skandsen, Toril, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Takala, Riikka, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Tenovuo, Olli, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Tudora, Cristina Maria, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Van Hecke, Wim, Van Praag, Dominique, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Wang, Kevin K. W., Yang, Zhihui, and Ylén, Peter
Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is increasingly common in older adults aged ≥65 years, forming a growing public health problem. However, older adults are underrepresented in TBI research. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of health-care utilization, and of six-month outcomes after TBI and their determinants in older adults who sustained a TBI. Methods: We used data from the prospective multi-center Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. In-hospital and post-hospital health care utilization and outcomes were described for patients aged ≥65 years. Ordinal and linear regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and mental health symptoms six-months post-injury. Results: Of 1254 older patients, 45% were admitted to an ICU with a mean length of stay of 9 days. Nearly 30% of the patients received inpatient rehabilitation. In total, 554/1254 older patients completed the six-month follow-up questionnaires. The mortality rate was 9% after mild and 60% after moderate/severe TBI, and full recovery based on GOSE was reported for 44% of patients after mild and 6% after moderate/severe TBI. Higher age and increased injury severity were primarily associated with functional impairment, while pre-injury systemic disease, psychiatric conditions and lower educational level were associated with functional impairment, lower generic and disease-specific HRQoL and mental health symptoms. Conclusion: The rate of impairment and disability following TBI in older adults is substantial, and poorer outcomes across domains are associated with worse preinjury health. Nonetheless, a considerable number of patients fully or partially returns to their preinjury functioning. There should not be pessimism about outcomes in older adults who survive.
Published: 2022

22. Structural basis for Cas9 off-target activity

Author: Pacesa, Martin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-5769, Lin, Chun-Han, Cléry, Antoine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-6908, Saha, Aakash; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-9771, Arantes, Pablo R; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-2750, Bargsten, Katja, Irby, Matthew J, Allain, Frédéric H-T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-6237, Palermo, Giulia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-8737, Cameron, Peter, Donohoue, Paul D, Jinek, Martin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-210X, Pacesa, Martin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-5769, Lin, Chun-Han, Cléry, Antoine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-6908, Saha, Aakash; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-9771, Arantes, Pablo R; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-2750, Bargsten, Katja, Irby, Matthew J, Allain, Frédéric H-T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-6237, Palermo, Giulia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1404-8737, Cameron, Peter, Donohoue, Paul D, and Jinek, Martin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-210X
Abstract: The target DNA specificity of the CRISPR-associated genome editor nuclease Cas9 is determined by complementarity to a 20-nucleotide segment in its guide RNA. However, Cas9 can bind and cleave partially complementary off-target sequences, which raises safety concerns for its use in clinical applications. Here, we report crystallographic structures of Cas9 bound to bona fide off-target substrates, revealing that off-target binding is enabled by a range of noncanonical base-pairing interactions within the guide:off-target heteroduplex. Off-target substrates containing single-nucleotide deletions relative to the guide RNA are accommodated by base skipping or multiple noncanonical base pairs rather than RNA bulge formation. Finally, PAM-distal mismatches result in duplex unpairing and induce a conformational change in the Cas9 REC lobe that perturbs its conformational activation. Together, these insights provide a structural rationale for the off-target activity of Cas9 and contribute to the improved rational design of guide RNAs and off-target prediction algorithms.
Published: 2022

23. The Penrose Property with a Cosmological Constant

Author: Cameron, Peter and Cameron, Peter
Abstract: A spacetime satisfies the non-timelike boundary version of the Penrose property if the timelike future of any point on $\mathcal{I}^-$ contains the whole of $\mathcal{I}^+$. This property was first discussed for asymptotically flat spacetimes by Penrose, along with an equivalent definition (the finite version). In this paper we consider the Penrose property in greater generality. In particular we consider spacetimes with a non-zero cosmological constant and we note that the two versions of the property are no longer equivalent. In asymptotically AdS spacetimes it is necessary to re-state the property in a way which is more suited to spacetimes with a timelike boundary. We arrive at a property previously considered by Gao and Wald. Curiously, this property was shown to fail in spacetimes which focus null geodesics. This is in contrast to our findings in asymptotically flat and asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes. We then move on to consider some further example spacetimes (with zero cosmological constant) which highlight features of the Penrose property not previously considered. We discuss spacetimes which are the product of a Lorentzian and a compact Riemannian manifold. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that both versions of the Penrose property are satisfied in this product spacetime if and only if they are satisfied in the Lorentzian spacetime only. We also discuss the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole (an example of a spacetime with more than one asymptotically flat end) and the Hayward metric (an example of a non-singular black hole spacetime).
Published: 2021
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24. Global Characterisation of Coagulopathy in Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury (iTBI):A CENTER-TBI Analysis

Author: Böhm, Julia K., Güting, Helge, Thorn, Sophie, Schäfer, Nadine, Rambach, Victoria, Schöchl, Herbert, Grottke, Oliver, Rossaint, Rolf, Stanworth, Simon, Curry, Nicola, Lefering, Rolf, Maegele, Marc, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, Böhm, Julia K., Güting, Helge, Thorn, Sophie, Schäfer, Nadine, Rambach, Victoria, Schöchl, Herbert, Grottke, Oliver, Rossaint, Rolf, Stanworth, Simon, Curry, Nicola, Lefering, Rolf, Maegele, Marc, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of complications, unfavourable outcomes and mortality. The mechanism of the development of TBI-associated coagulopathy is poorly understood. Methods: This analysis, embedded in the prospective, multi-centred, observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study, aimed to characterise the coagulopathy of TBI. Emphasis was placed on the acute phase following TBI, primary on subgroups of patients with abnormal coagulation profile within 4 h of admission, and the impact of pre-injury anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy. In order to minimise confounding factors, patients with isolated TBI (iTBI) (n = 598) were selected for this analysis. Results: Haemostatic disorders were observed in approximately 20% of iTBI patients. In a subgroup analysis, patients with pre-injury anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy had a twice exacerbated coagulation profile as likely as those without premedication. This was in turn associated with increased rates of mortality and unfavourable outcome post-injury. A multivariate analysis of iTBI patients without pre-injury anticoagulant therapy identified several independent risk factors for coagulopathy which were present at hospital admission. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than or equal to 8, base excess (BE) less than or equal to − 6, hypothermia and hypotension increased risk significantly. Conclusion: Consideration of these factors enables early prediction and risk stratification of acute coagulopathy after TBI, thus guiding clinical management.
Published: 2021

25. Fluid balance and outcome in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI): a prospective, multicentre, comparative effectiveness study

Author: Wiegers, E, Lingsma, H, Huijben, J, Cooper, D, Citerio, G, Frisvold, S, Helbok, R, Maas, A, Menon, D, Moore, E, Stocchetti, N, Dippel, D, Steyerberg, E, van der Jagt, M, Brooker, J, Bragge, P, Rosenfeld, J, Cooper, J, Beer, R, Schoechl, H, Rusnák, M, Schwendenwein, E, Antoni, A, De Keyser, V, Menovsky, T, Van Praag, D, Van der Steen, G, Parizel, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Depreitere, B, Van Hecke, W, Verheyden, J, Misset, B, Ledoux, D, Laureys, S, Ghuysen, A, Maréchal, H, Dulière, G, Gao, G, Jiang, J, Kondziella, D, Fabricius, M, Schou, R, Blaabjerg, M, Rosenlund, C, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Raj, R, Pirinen, M, Ripatti, S, Palotie, A, Ylén, P, Posti, J, Tenovuo, O, Takala, R, Payen, J, Vega, E, Lejeune, A, Audibert, G, Degos, V, Benali, H, Galanaud, D, Perlbarg, V, Puybasset, L, Azouvi, P, Legrand, V, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Rossaint, R, Coburn, M, Kowark, A, Clusmann, H, Dreier, J, Wolf, S, Vajkoczy, P, Maegele, M, Gratz, J, Schäfer, N, Lefering, R, Covic, A, von Steinbüchel, N, Schmidt, S, Bullinger, M, Younsi, A, Unterberg, A, Mattern, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Perera, N, Beauvais, R, Sandor, J, Czeiter, E, Buki, A, Ezer, E, Vámos, Z, Melegh, B, Tamás, V, Sorinola, A, Kovács, N, Nyirádi, J, Amrein, K, Barzó, P, Gupta, D, Levi, L, Rosenthal, G, Furmanov, A, Martino, C, Beretta, L, Calvi, M, Azzolini, M, Calappi, E, Zoerle, T, Ortolano, F, Carbonara, M, Caccioppola, A, Vargiolu, A, Chieregato, A, Chevallard, G, Della Corte, F, Grossi, F, Rossi, S, Persona, P, Berardino, M, Cavallo, S, Rambadagalla, M, Ziverte, A, Giga, L, Valeinis, E, Vilcinis, R, Tamosuitis, T, Rocka, S, Ragauskas, A, van der Naalt, J, Jacobs, B, Bartels, R, den Boogert, H, Kompanje, E, Timmers, M, Foks, K, Haitsma, I, Volovici, V, Haagsma, J, Mikolic, A, Velt, K, Voormolen, D, Nieboer, D, Sewalt, C, Gravesteijn, B, Polinder, S, Tibboel, D, van Wijk, R, van Dijck, J, van Essen, T, Peul, W, Schoonman, G, Jones, K, Feigin, V, Te Ao, B, Theadom, A, Helseth, E, Roe, C, Roise, O, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Vik, A, Skandsen, T, Ples, H, Tudora, C, Negru, A, Vulekovic, P, Đilvesi, Đ, Karan, M, Golubovic, J, Rehorcíková, V, Taylor, M, Brazinova, A, Majdan, M, Sahuquillo, J, Radoi, A, Carbayo Lozano, G, Pomposo, I, Lagares, A, Gomez, P, Castaño-León, A, Gagliardo, P, Oresic, M, Bellander, B, Lanyon, L, George, P, Muraleedharan, V, Nelson, D, Ackerlund, C, Koskinen, L, Sundström, N, Brorsson, C, Belli, A, Manara, A, Thomas, M, Czosnyka, M, Smielewski, P, Cabeleira, M, Coles, J, Richardson, S, Zeiler, F, Stamatakis, E, Williams, G, Ercole, A, Dixit, A, Newcombe, V, Richter, S, Mcfadyen, C, Hutchinson, P, Kolias, A, Adams, H, Correia, M, Rhodes, J, Stewart, W, Mcmahon, C, Rueckert, D, Glocker, B, Tolias, C, Dawes, H, Esser, P, van Heugten, C, Curry, N, Stanworth, S, Lecky, F, Otesile, O, Johnson, F, Dark, P, Jankowski, S, Lightfoot, R, Wilson, L, Horton, L, Stevens, R, Rosand, J, Manley, G, Jarrett, M, Brinck, V, Wang, K, Yang, Z, Vespa, P, Gruen, R, Cameron, P, Donoghue, E, Gantner, D, Murray, L, Varma, D, Trapani, T, Vallance, S, Macisaac, C, Jordan, A, Wiegers, Eveline Janine Anna, Lingsma, Hester Floor, Huijben, Jilske Antonia, Cooper, David James, Citerio, Giuseppe, Frisvold, Shirin, Helbok, Raimund, Maas, Andrew Ian Ramsay, Menon, David Krishna, Moore, Elizabeth Madeleine, Stocchetti, Nino, Dippel, Diederik Willem, Steyerberg, Ewout Willem, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Brooker, Joanne, Bragge, Peter, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Cooper, Jamie D., Beer, Ronny, Schoechl, Herbert, Rusnák, Martin, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Antoni, Anna, De Keyser, Véronique, Menovsky, Tomas, Van Praag, Dominique, Maas, Andrew I. R., Van der Steen, Gregory, Parizel, Paul M., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Depreitere, Bart, Van Hecke, Wim, Verheyden, Jan, Misset, Benoit, Ledoux, Didier, Laureys, Steven, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Maréchal, Hugues, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kondziella, Daniel, Fabricius, Martin, Schou, Rico Frederik, Blaabjerg, Morten, Rosenlund, Christina, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Raj, Rahul, Pirinen, Matti, Ripatti, Samuli, Palotie, Aarno, Ylén, Peter, Posti, Jussi P., Tenovuo, Olli, Takala, Riikka, Payen, Jean-François, Vega, Emmanuel, Lejeune, Aurelie, Audibert, Gérard, Degos, Vincent, Benali, Habib, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Puybasset, Louis, Azouvi, Philippe, Legrand, Valerie, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Rossaint, Rolf, Coburn, Mark Steven, Kowark, Ana, Clusmann, Hans, Dreier, Jens, Wolf, Stefan, Vajkoczy, Peter, Maegele, Marc, Gratz, Johannes, Schäfer, Nadine, Lefering, Rolf, Covic, Amra, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Schmidt, Silke, Bullinger, Monika, Younsi, Alexander, Unterberg, Andreas, Mattern, Julia, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Perera, Natascha, Beauvais, Romuald, Sandor, Janos, Czeiter, Endre, Buki, Andras, Ezer, Erzsébet, Vámos, Zoltán, Melegh, Béla, Tamás, Viktória, Sorinola, Abayomi, Kovács, Noémi, Nyirádi, József, Amrein, Krisztina, Barzó, Pál, Gupta, Deepak, Levi, Leon, Rosenthal, Guy, Furmanov, Alex, Martino, Costanza, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Calappi, Emiliana, Zoerle, Tommaso, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Carbonara, Marco, Caccioppola, Alessio, Vargiolu, Alessia, Chieregato, Arturo, Chevallard, Giorgio, Della Corte, Francesco, Grossi, Francesca, Rossi, Sandra, Persona, Paolo, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Ziverte, Agate, Giga, Lelde, Valeinis, Egils, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Rocka, Saulius, Ragauskas, Arminas, van der Naalt, Joukje, Jacobs, Bram, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Bartels, Ronald, den Boogert, Hugo, Kompanje, Erwin, Timmers, Marjolijn, Foks, Kelly, Haitsma, Iain, Volovici, Victor, Haagsma, Juanita A., Mikolic, Ana, Lingsma, Hester, Velt, Kimberley, Huijben, Jilske, Voormolen, Daphne, Nieboer, Daan, Wiegers, Eveline, Sewalt, Charlie, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Polinder, Suzanne, Tibboel, Dick, van Wijk, Roel, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Essen, Thomas A., Peul, Wilco, Schoonman, Guus, Jones, Kelly, Feigin, Valery L., Te Ao, Braden, Theadom, Alice, Helseth, Eirik, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Vik, Anne, Skandsen, Toril, Ples, Horia, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Negru, Ancuta, Vulekovic, Peter, Đilvesi, Đula, Karan, Mladen, Golubovic, Jagoš, Rehorcíková, Veronika, Taylor, Mark Steven, Brazinova, Alexandra, Majdan, Marek, Sahuquillo, Juan, Radoi, Andreea, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Pomposo, Inigo, Lagares, Alfonso, Gomez, Pedro A., Castaño-León, Ana M., Gagliardo, Pablo, Oresic, Matej, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Lanyon, Linda, George, Pradeep, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Nelson, David, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Sundström, Nina, Brorsson, Camilla, Belli, Antonio, Manara, Alex, Thomas, Matt, Czosnyka, Marek, Smielewski, Peter, Cabeleira, Manuel, Coles, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Zeiler, Frederick A., Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Williams, Guy, Menon, David, Ercole, Ari, Dixit, Abhishek, Newcombe, Virginia, Richter, Sophie, McFadyen, Charles, Hutchinson, Peter J., Kolias, Angelos G., Adams, Hadie, Correia, Marta, Rhodes, Jonathan, Stewart, William, McMahon, Catherine, Rueckert, Daniel, Glocker, Ben, Tolias, Christos, Dawes, Helen, Esser, Patrick, van Heugten, Caroline, Curry, Nicola, Stanworth, Simon, Lecky, Fiona, Otesile, Olubukola, Johnson, Faye, Dark, Paul, Jankowski, Stefan, Lightfoot, Roger, Wilson, Lindsay, Horton, Lindsay, Stevens, Robert, Rosand, Jonathan, Manley, Geoffrey, Jarrett, Mike, Brinck, Vibeke, Wang, Kevin K. W., Yang, Zhihui, Vespa, Paul M., Gruen, Russell L., Cameron, Peter, Donoghue, Emma, Gantner, Dashiell, Gruen, Russel, Murray, Lynette, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Varma, Dinesh, Trapani, Tony, Vallance, Shirley, MacIsaac, Cristopher, Jordan, Andrea, Wiegers, E, Lingsma, H, Huijben, J, Cooper, D, Citerio, G, Frisvold, S, Helbok, R, Maas, A, Menon, D, Moore, E, Stocchetti, N, Dippel, D, Steyerberg, E, van der Jagt, M, Brooker, J, Bragge, P, Rosenfeld, J, Cooper, J, Beer, R, Schoechl, H, Rusnák, M, Schwendenwein, E, Antoni, A, De Keyser, V, Menovsky, T, Van Praag, D, Van der Steen, G, Parizel, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Depreitere, B, Van Hecke, W, Verheyden, J, Misset, B, Ledoux, D, Laureys, S, Ghuysen, A, Maréchal, H, Dulière, G, Gao, G, Jiang, J, Kondziella, D, Fabricius, M, Schou, R, Blaabjerg, M, Rosenlund, C, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Raj, R, Pirinen, M, Ripatti, S, Palotie, A, Ylén, P, Posti, J, Tenovuo, O, Takala, R, Payen, J, Vega, E, Lejeune, A, Audibert, G, Degos, V, Benali, H, Galanaud, D, Perlbarg, V, Puybasset, L, Azouvi, P, Legrand, V, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Rossaint, R, Coburn, M, Kowark, A, Clusmann, H, Dreier, J, Wolf, S, Vajkoczy, P, Maegele, M, Gratz, J, Schäfer, N, Lefering, R, Covic, A, von Steinbüchel, N, Schmidt, S, Bullinger, M, Younsi, A, Unterberg, A, Mattern, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Perera, N, Beauvais, R, Sandor, J, Czeiter, E, Buki, A, Ezer, E, Vámos, Z, Melegh, B, Tamás, V, Sorinola, A, Kovács, N, Nyirádi, J, Amrein, K, Barzó, P, Gupta, D, Levi, L, Rosenthal, G, Furmanov, A, Martino, C, Beretta, L, Calvi, M, Azzolini, M, Calappi, E, Zoerle, T, Ortolano, F, Carbonara, M, Caccioppola, A, Vargiolu, A, Chieregato, A, Chevallard, G, Della Corte, F, Grossi, F, Rossi, S, Persona, P, Berardino, M, Cavallo, S, Rambadagalla, M, Ziverte, A, Giga, L, Valeinis, E, Vilcinis, R, Tamosuitis, T, Rocka, S, Ragauskas, A, van der Naalt, J, Jacobs, B, Bartels, R, den Boogert, H, Kompanje, E, Timmers, M, Foks, K, Haitsma, I, Volovici, V, Haagsma, J, Mikolic, A, Velt, K, Voormolen, D, Nieboer, D, Sewalt, C, Gravesteijn, B, Polinder, S, Tibboel, D, van Wijk, R, van Dijck, J, van Essen, T, Peul, W, Schoonman, G, Jones, K, Feigin, V, Te Ao, B, Theadom, A, Helseth, E, Roe, C, Roise, O, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Vik, A, Skandsen, T, Ples, H, Tudora, C, Negru, A, Vulekovic, P, Đilvesi, Đ, Karan, M, Golubovic, J, Rehorcíková, V, Taylor, M, Brazinova, A, Majdan, M, Sahuquillo, J, Radoi, A, Carbayo Lozano, G, Pomposo, I, Lagares, A, Gomez, P, Castaño-León, A, Gagliardo, P, Oresic, M, Bellander, B, Lanyon, L, George, P, Muraleedharan, V, Nelson, D, Ackerlund, C, Koskinen, L, Sundström, N, Brorsson, C, Belli, A, Manara, A, Thomas, M, Czosnyka, M, Smielewski, P, Cabeleira, M, Coles, J, Richardson, S, Zeiler, F, Stamatakis, E, Williams, G, Ercole, A, Dixit, A, Newcombe, V, Richter, S, Mcfadyen, C, Hutchinson, P, Kolias, A, Adams, H, Correia, M, Rhodes, J, Stewart, W, Mcmahon, C, Rueckert, D, Glocker, B, Tolias, C, Dawes, H, Esser, P, van Heugten, C, Curry, N, Stanworth, S, Lecky, F, Otesile, O, Johnson, F, Dark, P, Jankowski, S, Lightfoot, R, Wilson, L, Horton, L, Stevens, R, Rosand, J, Manley, G, Jarrett, M, Brinck, V, Wang, K, Yang, Z, Vespa, P, Gruen, R, Cameron, P, Donoghue, E, Gantner, D, Murray, L, Varma, D, Trapani, T, Vallance, S, Macisaac, C, Jordan, A, Wiegers, Eveline Janine Anna, Lingsma, Hester Floor, Huijben, Jilske Antonia, Cooper, David James, Citerio, Giuseppe, Frisvold, Shirin, Helbok, Raimund, Maas, Andrew Ian Ramsay, Menon, David Krishna, Moore, Elizabeth Madeleine, Stocchetti, Nino, Dippel, Diederik Willem, Steyerberg, Ewout Willem, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Brooker, Joanne, Bragge, Peter, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Cooper, Jamie D., Beer, Ronny, Schoechl, Herbert, Rusnák, Martin, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Antoni, Anna, De Keyser, Véronique, Menovsky, Tomas, Van Praag, Dominique, Maas, Andrew I. R., Van der Steen, Gregory, Parizel, Paul M., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Depreitere, Bart, Van Hecke, Wim, Verheyden, Jan, Misset, Benoit, Ledoux, Didier, Laureys, Steven, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Maréchal, Hugues, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kondziella, Daniel, Fabricius, Martin, Schou, Rico Frederik, Blaabjerg, Morten, Rosenlund, Christina, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Raj, Rahul, Pirinen, Matti, Ripatti, Samuli, Palotie, Aarno, Ylén, Peter, Posti, Jussi P., Tenovuo, Olli, Takala, Riikka, Payen, Jean-François, Vega, Emmanuel, Lejeune, Aurelie, Audibert, Gérard, Degos, Vincent, Benali, Habib, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Puybasset, Louis, Azouvi, Philippe, Legrand, Valerie, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Rossaint, Rolf, Coburn, Mark Steven, Kowark, Ana, Clusmann, Hans, Dreier, Jens, Wolf, Stefan, Vajkoczy, Peter, Maegele, Marc, Gratz, Johannes, Schäfer, Nadine, Lefering, Rolf, Covic, Amra, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Schmidt, Silke, Bullinger, Monika, Younsi, Alexander, Unterberg, Andreas, Mattern, Julia, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Perera, Natascha, Beauvais, Romuald, Sandor, Janos, Czeiter, Endre, Buki, Andras, Ezer, Erzsébet, Vámos, Zoltán, Melegh, Béla, Tamás, Viktória, Sorinola, Abayomi, Kovács, Noémi, Nyirádi, József, Amrein, Krisztina, Barzó, Pál, Gupta, Deepak, Levi, Leon, Rosenthal, Guy, Furmanov, Alex, Martino, Costanza, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Calappi, Emiliana, Zoerle, Tommaso, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Carbonara, Marco, Caccioppola, Alessio, Vargiolu, Alessia, Chieregato, Arturo, Chevallard, Giorgio, Della Corte, Francesco, Grossi, Francesca, Rossi, Sandra, Persona, Paolo, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Ziverte, Agate, Giga, Lelde, Valeinis, Egils, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Rocka, Saulius, Ragauskas, Arminas, van der Naalt, Joukje, Jacobs, Bram, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Bartels, Ronald, den Boogert, Hugo, Kompanje, Erwin, Timmers, Marjolijn, Foks, Kelly, Haitsma, Iain, Volovici, Victor, Haagsma, Juanita A., Mikolic, Ana, Lingsma, Hester, Velt, Kimberley, Huijben, Jilske, Voormolen, Daphne, Nieboer, Daan, Wiegers, Eveline, Sewalt, Charlie, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Polinder, Suzanne, Tibboel, Dick, van Wijk, Roel, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Essen, Thomas A., Peul, Wilco, Schoonman, Guus, Jones, Kelly, Feigin, Valery L., Te Ao, Braden, Theadom, Alice, Helseth, Eirik, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Vik, Anne, Skandsen, Toril, Ples, Horia, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Negru, Ancuta, Vulekovic, Peter, Đilvesi, Đula, Karan, Mladen, Golubovic, Jagoš, Rehorcíková, Veronika, Taylor, Mark Steven, Brazinova, Alexandra, Majdan, Marek, Sahuquillo, Juan, Radoi, Andreea, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Pomposo, Inigo, Lagares, Alfonso, Gomez, Pedro A., Castaño-León, Ana M., Gagliardo, Pablo, Oresic, Matej, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Lanyon, Linda, George, Pradeep, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Nelson, David, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Sundström, Nina, Brorsson, Camilla, Belli, Antonio, Manara, Alex, Thomas, Matt, Czosnyka, Marek, Smielewski, Peter, Cabeleira, Manuel, Coles, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Zeiler, Frederick A., Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Williams, Guy, Menon, David, Ercole, Ari, Dixit, Abhishek, Newcombe, Virginia, Richter, Sophie, McFadyen, Charles, Hutchinson, Peter J., Kolias, Angelos G., Adams, Hadie, Correia, Marta, Rhodes, Jonathan, Stewart, William, McMahon, Catherine, Rueckert, Daniel, Glocker, Ben, Tolias, Christos, Dawes, Helen, Esser, Patrick, van Heugten, Caroline, Curry, Nicola, Stanworth, Simon, Lecky, Fiona, Otesile, Olubukola, Johnson, Faye, Dark, Paul, Jankowski, Stefan, Lightfoot, Roger, Wilson, Lindsay, Horton, Lindsay, Stevens, Robert, Rosand, Jonathan, Manley, Geoffrey, Jarrett, Mike, Brinck, Vibeke, Wang, Kevin K. W., Yang, Zhihui, Vespa, Paul M., Gruen, Russell L., Cameron, Peter, Donoghue, Emma, Gantner, Dashiell, Gruen, Russel, Murray, Lynette, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Varma, Dinesh, Trapani, Tony, Vallance, Shirley, MacIsaac, Cristopher, and Jordan, Andrea
Abstract: Background: Fluid therapy—the administration of fluids to maintain adequate organ tissue perfusion and oxygenation—is essential in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with traumatic brain injury. We aimed to quantify the variability in fluid management policies in patients with traumatic brain injury and to study the effect of this variability on patients' outcomes. Methods: We did a prospective, multicentre, comparative effectiveness study of two observational cohorts: CENTER-TBI in Europe and OzENTER-TBI in Australia. Patients from 55 hospitals in 18 countries, aged 16 years or older with traumatic brain injury requiring a head CT, and admitted to the ICU were included in this analysis. We extracted data on demographics, injury, and clinical and treatment characteristics, and calculated the mean daily fluid balance (difference between fluid input and loss) and mean daily fluid input during ICU stay per patient. We analysed the association of fluid balance and input with ICU mortality and functional outcome at 6 months, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). Patient-level analyses relied on adjustment for key characteristics per patient, whereas centre-level analyses used the centre as the instrumental variable. Findings: 2125 patients enrolled in CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI between Dec 19, 2014, and Dec 17, 2017, were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. The median age was 50 years (IQR 31 to 66) and 1566 (74%) of patients were male. The median of the mean daily fluid input ranged from 1·48 L (IQR 1·12 to 2·09) to 4·23 L (3·78 to 4·94) across centres. The median of the mean daily fluid balance ranged from −0·85 L (IQR −1·51 to −0·49) to 1·13 L (0·99 to 1·37) across centres. In patient-level analyses, a mean positive daily fluid balance was associated with higher ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1·10 [95% CI 1·07 to 1·12] per 0·1 L increase) and worse functional outcome (1·04 [1·02 to 1·05] per 0·1 L increase); higher mean daily flui
Published: 2021

26. Permutation Groups

Author: Cameron, Peter J.
Published: 1999
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27. Positivity of Mass in Higher Dimensions

Author: Cameron, Peter and Cameron, Peter
Abstract: The positive mass theorem in higher dimensions is proved using causality arguments inspired by those of Penrose, Sorkin and Woolgar in 3+1 dimensions.
Published: 2020
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28. On Schwarzschild causality in higher dimensions

Author: Cameron, Peter, Dunajski, Maciej, Cameron, Peter, and Dunajski, Maciej
Abstract: We show that the causal properties of asymptotically flat spacetimes depend on their dimensionality: while the time-like future of any point in the past conformal infinity $\mathcal{I}^-$ contains the whole of the future conformal infinity $\mathcal{I}^+$ in $(2+1)$ and $(3+1)$ dimensional Schwarzschild spacetimes, this property (which we call the Penrose property) does not hold for $(d+1)$ dimensional Schwarzschild if $d>3$. We also show that the Penrose property holds for the Kerr solution in $(3+1)$ dimensions, and discuss the connection with scattering theory in the presence of positive mass., Comment: 34 pages, lots of figures. Final version, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Published: 2020
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29. Informed consent procedures in patients with an acute inability to provide informed consent : Policy and practice in the CENTER-TBI study

Author: van Wijk, Roel P. J., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J. O., Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Covic, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Veronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Dilvesi, Dula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Duliere, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsebet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagos, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-Yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Kovacs, Noemi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Castano-Leon, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Marechal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Bela, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Mulazzi, Davide, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyiradi, Jozsef, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-Francois, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, V, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnak, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schaefer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Synnot, Anneliese, Takala, Riikka, Tamas, Viktoria, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vamos, Zoltan, Van der Steen, Gregory, van der Naalt, Joukje, van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, van Wijk, Roel P. J., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J. O., Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Covic, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Veronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Dilvesi, Dula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Duliere, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsebet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagos, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-Yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Kovacs, Noemi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Castano-Leon, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Marechal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Bela, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Mulazzi, Davide, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyiradi, Jozsef, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-Francois, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, V, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnak, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schaefer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Synnot, Anneliese, Takala, Riikka, Tamas, Viktoria, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vamos, Zoltan, Van der Steen, Gregory, van der Naalt, Joukje, van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, and Velt, Kimberley
Abstract: Purpose: Enrolling traumatic brain injury (731) patients with an inability to provide informed consent in research is challenging. Alternatives to patient consent are not sufficiently embedded in European and national legislation, which allows procedural variation and bias. We aimed to quantify variations in informed consent policy and practice. Methods: Variation was explored in the CENTER-TBI study. Policies were reported by using a questionnaire and national legislation. Data on used informed consent procedures were available for 4498 patients from 57 centres across 17 European countries. Results: Variation in the use of informed consent procedures was found between and within EU member states. Proxy informed consent (N = 1377;64%) was the most frequently used type of consent in the ICU, followed by patient informed consent (N 426;20%) and deferred consent (N 334;16%). Deferred consent was only actively used in 15 centres (26%), although it was considered valid in 47 centres (82%). Conclusions: Alternatives to patient consent are essential for TBI research. While there seems to be concordance amongst national legislations, there is regional variability in institutional practices with respect to the use of different informed consent procedures. Variation could be caused by several reasons, including inconsistencies in clear legislation or knowledge of such legislation amongst researchers. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Published: 2020
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30. End-of-life decision-making and palliative care

Author: Cameron, Peter, Little, Mark, Mitra, Biswadev, Deasy, Conor, Lukin, Bill, White, Benjamin P., Douglas, Carol, Cameron, Peter, Little, Mark, Mitra, Biswadev, Deasy, Conor, Lukin, Bill, White, Benjamin P., and Douglas, Carol
Abstract: Essentials 1. An emergency department attendance represents an opportunity to set goals for care during the attendance and beyond. 2. End of life discussions and advance care planning assist early decision making about treatment goals and end of life care. 3. Knowledge of the law assists decision making at the end of life. 4. Not all dying patients require the skill set of a palliative care specialist but every dying patient will benefit from a palliative approach. 5. Palliative care does not preclude active treatment where the intent is understood by patient and family. 6. Failure to diagnose dying can compromise patient care. 7. The emergency department should foster close relationships with local specialist palliative care providers to improve and ensure timely access for patients and families and so that emergency staff have access to the knowledge and skills provided.
Published: 2020

31. Discharge destination and patient-reported outcomes after inpatient treatment for isolated lower limb fractures

Author: Kimmel, Lara A, Simpson, Pamela M, Holland, Anne E., Edwards, Elton R., Cameron, Peter A., de Steiger, Richard S., Page, Richard S, Hau, Raphael, Bucknill, Andrew, Kasza, Jessica, Gabbe, Belinda J, Kimmel, Lara A, Simpson, Pamela M, Holland, Anne E., Edwards, Elton R., Cameron, Peter A., de Steiger, Richard S., Page, Richard S, Hau, Raphael, Bucknill, Andrew, Kasza, Jessica, and Gabbe, Belinda J
Published: 2020

32. Prognostic Validation of the NINDS Common Data Elements for the Radiologic Reporting of Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries: A CENTER-TBI Study

Author: Vande Vyvere, Thijs, De La Rosa, Ezequiel, Wilms, Guido, Nieboer, Daan, Steyerberg, Ewout, Maas, Andrew I.r., Verheyden, Jan, Van Den Hauwe, Luc, Parizel, Paul M., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Kondziella, Daniel, Vande Vyvere, Thijs, De La Rosa, Ezequiel, Wilms, Guido, Nieboer, Daan, Steyerberg, Ewout, Maas, Andrew I.r., Verheyden, Jan, Van Den Hauwe, Luc, Parizel, Paul M., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) standardized imaging-based pathoanatomic descriptors for the evaluation and reporting of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) lesions. For a total of 3392 patients (2244 males and 1148 females, median age = 51 years) enrolled in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study, we extracted 96 Common Data Elements (CDEs) from the structured reports, spanning all three levels of pathoanatomic information (i.e., 20 “basic,” 60 “descriptive,” and 16 “advanced” CDE variables per patient). Six-month clinical outcome scores were dichotomized into favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended [GOS-E] = 5-8) versus unfavorable (GOS-E = 1-4). Regularized logistic regression models were constructed and compared using the optimism-corrected area under the curve (AUC). An abnormality was reported for the majority of patients (64.51%). In 79.11% of those patients, there was at least one coexisting pathoanatomic lesion or associated finding. An increase in lesion severity, laterality, and volume was associated with more unfavorable outcomes. Compared with the full set of pathoanatomic descriptors (i.e., all three categories of information), reporting “basic” CDE information provides at least equal discrimination between patients with favorable versus unfavorable outcome (AUC = 0.8121 vs. 0.8155, respectively). Addition of a selected subset of “descriptive” detail to the basic CDEs could improve outcome prediction (AUC = 0.8248). Addition of “advanced” or “emerging/exploratory” information had minimal prognostic value. Our results show that the NINDS standardized-imaging based pathoanatomic descriptors can be used in large-scale studies and provide important insights into acute TBI lesion patterns. When used in clinical predictive models, they can provide excellent discrimination between patien
Published: 2020

33. Impact of Antithrombotic Agents on Radiological Lesion Progression in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis

Author: Mathieu, François, Güting, Helge, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Monteiro, Miguel, Glocker, Ben, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios N., Kamnistas, Konstantinos, Robertson, Claudia S., Levin, Harvey, Whitehouse, Daniel P., Das, Tilak, Lingsma, Hester F., Maegele, Marc, Newcombe, Virginia F.j., Menon, David K., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Luisa Azzolini, Maria, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, Mathieu, François, Güting, Helge, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Monteiro, Miguel, Glocker, Ben, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios N., Kamnistas, Konstantinos, Robertson, Claudia S., Levin, Harvey, Whitehouse, Daniel P., Das, Tilak, Lingsma, Hester F., Maegele, Marc, Newcombe, Virginia F.j., Menon, David K., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Luisa Azzolini, Maria, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: An increasing number of elderly patients are being affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a significant proportion are on pre-hospital antithrombotic therapy for cardio- or cerebrovascular indications. We have quantified the impact of antiplatelet/anticoagulant (APAC) agents on radiological lesion progression in acute TBI, using a novel, semi-automated approach to volumetric lesion measurement, and explored the impact of use on clinical outcomes in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. We used a 1:1 propensity-matched cohort design, matching controls to APAC users based on demographics, baseline clinical status, pre-injury comorbidities, and injury severity. Subjects were selected from a pool of patients enrolled in CENTER-TBI with computed tomography (CT) scan at admission and repeated within 7 days of injury. We calculated absolute changes in volume of intraparenchymal, extra-axial, intraventricular, and total intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) between scans, and compared volume of hemorrhagic progression, proportion of patients with significant degree of progression (>25% of initial volume), proportion with new ICH on follow-up CT, as well as clinical course and outcomes. A total of 316 patients were included (158 APAC users; 158 controls). The mean volume of progression was significantly higher in the APAC group for extra-axial (3.1 vs. 1.3 mL, p = 0.01), but not intraparenchymal (3.8 vs. 4.6 mL, p = 0.65), intraventricular (0.2 vs. 0.0 mL, p = 0.79), or total intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; 7.0 vs. 6.0 mL, p = 0.08). More patients had significant hemorrhage growth (54.1 vs. 37.0%, p = 0.003) and delayed ICH (4 of 18 vs. none; p = 0.04) in the APAC group compared with controls, but this was not associated with differences in length of stay (LOS), rates of neurosurgical intervention, mortality or Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) score at 6 months. Pre-injury use of antithrombotic agents
Published: 2020

34. Toward a New Multi-Dimensional Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research for Traumatic Brain Injury Study

Author: Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Sewalt, Charlie A., Ercole, Ari, Akerlund, Cecilia, Nelson, David, Maas, Andrew I.r., Menon, David, Lingsma, Hester F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audiber, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartel, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, D. Jamie, Correia, Marta, Kondziella, Daniel, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Sewalt, Charlie A., Ercole, Ari, Akerlund, Cecilia, Nelson, David, Maas, Andrew I.r., Menon, David, Lingsma, Hester F., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audiber, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartel, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, D. Jamie, Correia, Marta, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently classified as mild, moderate, or severe TBI by trichotomizing the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). We aimed to explore directions for a more refined multidimensional classification system. For that purpose, we performed a hypothesis-free cluster analysis in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research for TBI (CENTER-TBI) database: a European all-severity TBI cohort (n = 4509). The first building block consisted of key imaging characteristics, summarized using principal component analysis from 12 imaging characteristics. The other building blocks were demographics, clinical severity, secondary insults, and cause of injury. With these building blocks, the patients were clustered into four groups. We applied bootstrap resampling with replacement to study the stability of cluster allocation. The characteristics that predominantly defined the clusters were injury cause, major extracranial injury, and GCS. The clusters consisted of 1451, 1534, 1006, and 518 patients, respectively. The clustering method was quite stable: the proportion of patients staying in one cluster after resampling and reclustering was 97.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.6–99.9%). These clusters characterized groups of patients with different functional outcomes: from mild to severe, 12%, 19%, 36%, and 58% of patients had unfavorable 6 month outcome. Compared with the mild and the upper intermediate cluster, the lower intermediate and the severe cluster received more key interventions. To conclude, four types of TBI patients may be defined by injury mechanism, presence of major extracranial injury and GCS. Describing patients according to these three characteristics could potentially capture differences in etiology and care pathways better than with GCS only.
Published: 2020

35. Comparison of Care System and Treatment Approaches for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in China versus Europe:A CENTER-TBI Survey Study

Author: Feng, Junfeng, Van Veen, Ernest, Yang, Chun, Huijben, Jilske A., Lingsma, Hester F., Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Jiyao, Maas, Andrew I.r., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Care, Neurointensive, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Kondziella, Daniel, Feng, Junfeng, Van Veen, Ernest, Yang, Chun, Huijben, Jilske A., Lingsma, Hester F., Gao, Guoyi, Jiang, Jiyao, Maas, Andrew I.r., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Care, Neurointensive, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a huge public health and societal problem worldwide. Uncertainty exists on how care system and treatment approaches for TBI worked in China may differ from those in Europe. Better knowledge on this is important to facilitate interpretation of findings reported by Chinese researchers and to inform opportunities for collaborative studies. We aimed to investigate concordance and variations in TBI care between Chinese and European neurotrauma centers. Investigators from 52 centers in China and 68 in Europe involved in the Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study were invited to complete provider profiling (PP) questionnaires, which covered the main aspects of care system and treatment approaches of TBI care. Participating Chinese and European centers were mainly publicly funded and academic. More centers in China indicated available dedicated neuro-intensive care than those in Europe (98% vs. 60%), and treatment decisions in the ICU were mainly determined by neurosurgeons (58%) in China while in Europe, (neuro)intensivists often took the lead (61%). The ambulance dispatching system was automatic in half of Chinese centers (49%), whereas selective dispatching was more common in European centers (74%). For treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension, a decompressive craniectomy was more frequently regarded as general policy in China compared with in Europe (89% vs. 45%). We observed both concordance and substantial variations with regard to the various aspects of TBI care between Chinese and European centers. These findings are fundamental to guide future research and offer opportunities for collaborative comparative effectiveness research to identify best practices.
Published: 2020

36. Predictors of Access to Rehabilitation in the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury:A European Prospective and Multicenter Study

Author: Jacob, Louis, Cogné, Mélanie, Tenovuo, Olli, Røe, Cecilie, Andelic, Nada, Majdan, Marek, Ranta, Jukka, Ylen, Peter, Dawes, Helen, Azouvi, Philippe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó9, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Kondziella, Daniel, Jacob, Louis, Cogné, Mélanie, Tenovuo, Olli, Røe, Cecilie, Andelic, Nada, Majdan, Marek, Ranta, Jukka, Ylen, Peter, Dawes, Helen, Azouvi, Philippe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó9, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Background: Although rehabilitation is beneficial for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant proportion of them do not receive adequate rehabilitation after acute care. Objective: Therefore, the goal of this prospective and multicenter study was to investigate predictors of access to rehabilitation in the year following injury in patients with TBI. Methods: Data from a large European study (CENTER-TBI), including TBIs of all severities between December 2014 and December 2017 were used (N = 4498 patients). Participants were dichotomized into those who had and those who did not have access to rehabilitation in the year following TBI. Potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, psychoactive substance use, preinjury medical history, injury-related factors, and factors related to medical care, complications, and discharge. Results: In the year following traumatic injury, 31.4% of patients received rehabilitation services. Access to rehabilitation was positively and significantly predicted by female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.50), increased number of years of education completed (OR = 1.05), living in Northern (OR = 1.62; reference: Western Europe) or Southern Europe (OR = 1.74), lower prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR = 1.03), higher Injury Severity Score (OR = 1.01), intracranial (OR = 1.33) and extracranial (OR = 1.99) surgery, and extracranial complication (OR = 1.75). On contrast, significant negative predictors were lack of preinjury employment (OR = 0.80), living in Central and Eastern Europe (OR = 0.42), and admission to hospital ward (OR = 0.47; reference: admission to intensive care unit) or direct discharge from emergency room (OR = 0.24). Conclusions: Based on these findings, there is an urgent need to implement national and international guidelines and strategies for access to rehabilitation after TBI.
Published: 2020

37. Quality indicators for patients with traumatic brain injury in European intensive care units:A CENTER-TBI study

Author: Huijben, Jilske A., Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Ercole, Ari, De Keizer, Nicolette F., Maas, Andrew I.R., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Citerio, Giuseppe, Wilson, Lindsay, Polinder, Suzanne, Nieboer, Daan, Menon, David, Lingsma, Hester F., Van Der Jagt, Mathieu, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Kondziella, Daniel, Huijben, Jilske A., Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Ercole, Ari, De Keizer, Nicolette F., Maas, Andrew I.R., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Citerio, Giuseppe, Wilson, Lindsay, Polinder, Suzanne, Nieboer, Daan, Menon, David, Lingsma, Hester F., Van Der Jagt, Mathieu, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to validate a previously published consensus-based quality indicator set for the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at intensive care units (ICUs) in Europe and to study its potential for quality measurement and improvement. Methods: Our analysis was based on 2006 adult patients admitted to 54 ICUs between 2014 and 2018, enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study. Indicator scores were calculated as percentage adherence for structure and process indicators and as event rates or median scores for outcome indicators. Feasibility was quantified by the completeness of the variables. Discriminability was determined by the between-centre variation, estimated with a random effect regression model adjusted for case-mix severity and quantified by the median odds ratio (MOR). Statistical uncertainty of outcome indicators was determined by the median number of events per centre, using a cut-off of 10. Results: A total of 26/42 indicators could be calculated from the CENTER-TBI database. Most quality indicators proved feasible to obtain with more than 70% completeness. Sub-optimal adherence was found for most quality indicators, ranging from 26 to 93% and 20 to 99% for structure and process indicators. Significant (p < 0.001) between-centre variation was found in seven process and five outcome indicators with MORs ranging from 1.51 to 4.14. Statistical uncertainty of outcome indicators was generally high; five out of seven had less than 10 events per centre. Conclusions: Overall, nine structures, five processes, but none of the outcome indicators showed potential for quality improvement purposes for TBI patients in the ICU. Future research should focus on implementation efforts and continuous reevaluation of quality indicators. Trial registration: The core study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221, registered on August 06, 2014, with Resource Identification Portal (RRID: SCR_015582).
Published: 2020

38. How do 66 European institutional review boards approve one protocol for an international prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury? Experiences from the CENTER-TBI study

Author: Timmers, Marjolein, Van Dijck, Jeroen T.J.M., Van Wijk, Roel P.J., Legrand, Valerie, Van Veen, Ernest, Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J.O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Kondziella, Daniel, Timmers, Marjolein, Van Dijck, Jeroen T.J.M., Van Wijk, Roel P.J., Legrand, Valerie, Van Veen, Ernest, Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J.O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Background: The European Union (EU) aims to optimize patient protection and efficiency of health-care research by harmonizing procedures across Member States. Nonetheless, further improvements are required to increase multicenter research efficiency. We investigated IRB procedures in a large prospective European multicenter study on traumatic brain injury (TBI), aiming to inform and stimulate initiatives to improve efficiency. Methods: We reviewed relevant documents regarding IRB submission and IRB approval from European neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI). Documents included detailed information on IRB procedures and the duration from IRB submission until approval(s). They were translated and analyzed to determine the level of harmonization of IRB procedures within Europe. Results: From 18 countries, 66 centers provided the requested documents. The primary IRB review was conducted centrally (N = 11, 61%) or locally (N = 7, 39%) and primary IRB approval was obtained after one (N = 8, 44%), two (N = 6, 33%) or three (N = 4, 23%) review rounds with a median duration of respectively 50 and 98 days until primary IRB approval. Additional IRB approval was required in 55% of countries and could increase duration to 535 days. Total duration from submission until required IRB approval was obtained was 114 days (IQR 75-224) and appeared to be shorter after submission to local IRBs compared to central IRBs (50 vs. 138 days, p = 0.0074). Conclusion: We found variation in IRB procedures between and within European countries. There were differences in submission and approval requirements, number of review rounds and total duration. Research collaborations could benefit from the implementation of more uniform legislation and regulation while acknowledging local cultural habits and moral values between countries.
Published: 2020

39. Informed consent procedures in patients with an acute inability to provide informed consent:Policy and practice in the CENTER-TBI study

Author: van Wijk, Roel P.J., van Dijck, Jeroen T.J.M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J.O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, van Wijk, Roel P.J., van Dijck, Jeroen T.J.M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J.O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: Purpose: Enrolling traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with an inability to provide informed consent in research is challenging. Alternatives to patient consent are not sufficiently embedded in European and national legislation, which allows procedural variation and bias. We aimed to quantify variations in informed consent policy and practice. Methods: Variation was explored in the CENTER-TBI study. Policies were reported by using a questionnaire and national legislation. Data on used informed consent procedures were available for 4498 patients from 57 centres across 17 European countries. Results: Variation in the use of informed consent procedures was found between and within EU member states. Proxy informed consent (N = 1377;64%) was the most frequently used type of consent in the ICU, followed by patient informed consent (N = 426;20%) and deferred consent (N = 334;16%). Deferred consent was only actively used in 15 centres (26%), although it was considered valid in 47 centres (82%). Conclusions: Alternatives to patient consent are essential for TBI research. While there seems to be concordance amongst national legislations, there is regional variability in institutional practices with respect to the use of different informed consent procedures. Variation could be caused by several reasons, including inconsistencies in clear legislation or knowledge of such legislation amongst researchers.
Published: 2020

40. Machine learning algorithms performed no better than regression models for prognostication in traumatic brain injury

Author: Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Nieboer, Daan, Ercole, Ari, Lingsma, Hester F., Nelson, David, van Calster, Ben, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, D. Jamie, Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Kondziella, Daniel, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Y., Nieboer, Daan, Ercole, Ari, Lingsma, Hester F., Nelson, David, van Calster, Ben, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, D. Jamie, Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Objective: We aimed to explore the added value of common machine learning (ML) algorithms for prediction of outcome for moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Study Design and Setting: We performed logistic regression (LR), lasso regression, and ridge regression with key baseline predictors in the IMPACT-II database (15 studies, n = 11,022). ML algorithms included support vector machines, random forests, gradient boosting machines, and artificial neural networks and were trained using the same predictors. To assess generalizability of predictions, we performed internal, internal-external, and external validation on the recent CENTER-TBI study (patients with Glasgow Coma Scale <13, n = 1,554). Both calibration (calibration slope/intercept) and discrimination (area under the curve) was quantified. Results: In the IMPACT-II database, 3,332/11,022 (30%) died and 5,233(48%) had unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale less than 4). In the CENTER-TBI study, 348/1,554(29%) died and 651(54%) had unfavorable outcome. Discrimination and calibration varied widely between the studies and less so between the studied algorithms. The mean area under the curve was 0.82 for mortality and 0.77 for unfavorable outcomes in the CENTER-TBI study. Conclusion: ML algorithms may not outperform traditional regression approaches in a low-dimensional setting for outcome prediction after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Similar to regression-based prediction models, ML algorithms should be rigorously validated to ensure applicability to new populations.
Published: 2020

41. Health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury:deriving value sets for the QOLIBRI-OS for Italy, The Netherlands and The United Kingdom

Author: Voormolen, Daphne C., Polinder, Suzanne, von Steinbuechel, Nicole, Feng, Yan, Wilson, Lindsay, Oppe, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Adams, Hadie, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, Voormolen, Daphne C., Polinder, Suzanne, von Steinbuechel, Nicole, Feng, Yan, Wilson, Lindsay, Oppe, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Adams, Hadie, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cnossen, Maryse, Coburn, Mark, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: Purpose: The Quality of Life after Brain Injury overall scale (QOLIBRI-OS) measures health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to derive value sets for the QOLIBRI-OS in three European countries, which will allow calculation of utility scores for TBI health states. Methods: A QOLIBRI-OS value set was derived by using discrete choice experiments (DCEs) and visual analogue scales (VAS) in general population samples from the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Italy. A three-stage procedure was used: (1) A selection of health states, covering the entire spectrum of severity, was defined; (2) General population samples performed the health state valuation task using a web-based survey with three VAS questions and an at random selection of sixteen DCEs; (3) DCEs were analysed using a conditional logistic regression and were then anchored on the VAS data. Utility scores for QOLIBRI-OS health states were generated resulting in estimates for all potential health states. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 13,623 respondents. The biggest weight increase for all attributes is seen from “slightly” to “not at all satisfied”, resulting in the largest impact on HRQoL. “Not at all satisfied with how brain is working” should receive the greatest weight in utility calculations in all three countries. Conclusion: By transforming the QOLIBRI-OS into utility scores, we enabled the application in economic evaluations and in summary measures of population health, which may be used to inform decision-makers on the best interventions and strategies for TBI patients.
Published: 2020

42. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Effects on Outcome of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury:Analysis of a Large, Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Longitudinal Study

Author: Robba, Chiara, Rebora, Paola, Banzato, Erika, Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Stocchetti, Nino, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Nelson, David, Amrein, Krisztina, Nyirádi, József, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Bartels, Ronald, Boogert, Hugo den, Beer, Ronny, Helbok, Raimund, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Degos, Vincent, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey, Berardino, Maurizio, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Czeiter, Endre, Cabeleira, Manuel, Czosnyka, Marek, Smielewski, Peter, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Carbonara, Marco, Mulazzi, Davide, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Zoerle, Tommaso, Cameron, Peter, Gantner, Dashiell, Murray, Lynnette, Trapani, Tony, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Robba, Chiara, Rebora, Paola, Banzato, Erika, Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Stocchetti, Nino, Menon, David K., Citerio, Giuseppe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Nelson, David, Amrein, Krisztina, Nyirádi, József, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Beretta, Luigi, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Bartels, Ronald, Boogert, Hugo den, Beer, Ronny, Helbok, Raimund, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Degos, Vincent, Galanaud, Damien, Perlbarg, Vincent, Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey, Berardino, Maurizio, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Czeiter, Endre, Cabeleira, Manuel, Czosnyka, Marek, Smielewski, Peter, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Carbonara, Marco, Mulazzi, Davide, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Zoerle, Tommaso, Cameron, Peter, Gantner, Dashiell, Murray, Lynnette, Trapani, Tony, Fabricius, Martin, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Background: No large prospective data, to our knowledge, are available on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research Question: To evaluate the incidence, timing, and risk factors of VAP after TBI and its effect on patient outcome. Study Design and Methods: This analysis is of the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury data set, from a large, multicenter, prospective, observational study including patients with TBI admitted to European ICUs, receiving mechanical ventilation for ≥ 48 hours and with an ICU length of stay (LOS) ≥ 72 hours. Characteristics of patients with VAP vs characteristics of patients without VAP were compared, and outcome was assessed at 6 months after injury by using the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. Results: The study included 962 patients: 196 (20.4%) developed a VAP at a median interval of 5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3-7 days) after intubation. Patients who developed VAP were younger (median age, 39.5 [IQR, 25-55] years vs 51 [IQR, 30-66] years; P < .001), with a higher incidence of alcohol abuse (36.6% vs 27.6%; P = .026) and drug abuse (10.1% vs 4.2%; P = .009), more frequent thoracic trauma (53% vs 43%; P = .014), and more episodes of respiratory failure during ICU stay (69.9% vs 28.1%; P < .001). Age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P = .001), chest trauma (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.03-1.90; P = .033), histamine-receptor antagonist intake (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.37-3.39; P = .001), and antibiotic prophylaxis (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.96; P = .026) were associated with the risk of VAP. Patients with VAP had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median, 15 [IQR, 10-22] days vs 8 [IQR, 5-14] days; P < .001) and ICU LOS (median, 20 [IQR, 14-29] days vs 13 [IQR, 8-21] days; P < .001). However, VAP was not associated with increased mortality or worse neurological outcome. Overall mortality at 6 months was 22%. Interpre
Published: 2020

43. Tracheal intubation in traumatic brain injury:a multicentre prospective observational study

Author: Gravesteijn, Benjamin Yael, Sewalt, Charlie Aletta, Nieboer, Daan, Menon, David Krishna, Maas, Andrew, Lecky, Fiona, Klimek, Markus, Lingsma, Hester Floor, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, Gravesteijn, Benjamin Yael, Sewalt, Charlie Aletta, Nieboer, Daan, Menon, David Krishna, Maas, Andrew, Lecky, Fiona, Klimek, Markus, Lingsma, Hester Floor, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Ceyisakar, Iris, Clusmann, Hans, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: Background: We aimed to study the associations between pre- and in-hospital tracheal intubation and outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and whether the association varied according to injury severity. Methods: Data from the international prospective pan-European cohort study, Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research for TBI (CENTER-TBI), were used (n=4509). For prehospital intubation, we excluded self-presenters. For in-hospital intubation, patients whose tracheas were intubated on-scene were excluded. The association between intubation and outcome was analysed with ordinal regression with adjustment for the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI variables and extracranial injury. We assessed whether the effect of intubation varied by injury severity by testing the added value of an interaction term with likelihood ratio tests. Results: In the prehospital analysis, 890/3736 (24%) patients had their tracheas intubated at scene. In the in-hospital analysis, 460/2930 (16%) patients had their tracheas intubated in the emergency department. There was no adjusted overall effect on functional outcome of prehospital intubation (odds ratio=1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.28; P=0.96), and the adjusted overall effect of in-hospital intubation was not significant (odds ratio=0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–1.13; P=0.28). However, prehospital intubation was associated with better functional outcome in patients with higher thorax and abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale scores (P=0.009 and P=0.02, respectively), whereas in-hospital intubation was associated with better outcome in patients with lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (P=0.01): in-hospital intubation was associated with better functional outcome in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 10 or lower. Conclusion: The benefits and harms of tracheal intubation should be carefully evaluated in patients with TBI to optimise benefit. This study suggests tha
Published: 2020

44. Changing care pathways and between-center practice variations in intensive care for traumatic brain injury across Europe:a CENTER-TBI analysis

Author: Huijben, Jilske A., Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Lingsma, Hester F., Citerio, Giuseppe, Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Ercole, Ari, Nelson, David, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Helbok, Raimund, Lecky, Fiona, Peul, Wilco, Birg, Tatiana, Zoerle, Tommaso, Carbonara, Marco, Stocchetti, Nino, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Huijben, Jilske A., Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Lingsma, Hester F., Citerio, Giuseppe, Maas, Andrew I.R., Menon, David K., Ercole, Ari, Nelson, David, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Helbok, Raimund, Lecky, Fiona, Peul, Wilco, Birg, Tatiana, Zoerle, Tommaso, Carbonara, Marco, Stocchetti, Nino, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Beqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Fabricius, Martin, and Kondziella, Daniel
Abstract: Purpose: To describe ICU stay, selected management aspects, and outcome of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Europe, and to quantify variation across centers. Methods: This is a prospective observational multicenter study conducted across 18 countries in Europe and Israel. Admission characteristics, clinical data, and outcome were described at patient- and center levels. Between-center variation in the total ICU population was quantified with the median odds ratio (MOR), with correction for case-mix and random variation between centers. Results: A total of 2138 patients were admitted to the ICU, with median age of 49 years; 36% of which were mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale; GCS 13–15). Within, 72 h 636 (30%) were discharged and 128 (6%) died. Early deaths and long-stay patients (> 72 h) had more severe injuries based on the GCS and neuroimaging characteristics, compared with short-stay patients. Long-stay patients received more monitoring and were treated at higher intensity, and experienced worse 6-month outcome compared to short-stay patients. Between-center variations were prominent in the proportion of short-stay patients (MOR = 2.3, p < 0.001), use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring (MOR = 2.5, p < 0.001) and aggressive treatments (MOR = 2.9, p < 0.001); and smaller in 6-month outcome (MOR = 1.2, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Half of contemporary TBI patients at the ICU have mild to moderate head injury. Substantial between-center variations exist in ICU stay and treatment policies, and less so in outcome. It remains unclear whether admission of short-stay patients represents appropriate prudence or inappropriate use of clinical resources.
Published: 2020

45. Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients:a CENTER-TBI study

Author: Robba, Chiara, Galimberti, Stefania, Graziano, Francesca, Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Lingsma, Hester F., Iaquaniello, Carolina, Stocchetti, Nino, Menon, David, Citerio, Giuseppe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Biqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, Nelson, David, Robba, Chiara, Galimberti, Stefania, Graziano, Francesca, Wiegers, Eveline J.A., Lingsma, Hester F., Iaquaniello, Carolina, Stocchetti, Nino, Menon, David, Citerio, Giuseppe, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo Michael, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Biqiri, Erta, Blaabjerg, Morten, Lund, Stine Borgen, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Fabricius, Martin, Kondziella, Daniel, and Nelson, David
Abstract: Purpose: Indications and optimal timing for tracheostomy in traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients are uncertain. This study aims to describe the patients’ characteristics, timing, and factors related to the decision to perform a tracheostomy and differences in strategies among different countries and assess the effect of the timing of tracheostomy on patients’ outcomes. Methods: We selected TBI patients from CENTER-TBI, a prospective observational longitudinal cohort study, with an intensive care unit stay ≥ 72 h. Tracheostomy was defined as early (≤ 7 days from admission) or late (> 7 days). We used a Cox regression model to identify critical factors that affected the timing of tracheostomy. The outcome was assessed at 6 months using the extended Glasgow Outcome Score. Results: Of the 1358 included patients, 433 (31.8%) had a tracheostomy. Age (hazard rate, HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.003), Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8 (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.22–2.36 at 7; p < 0.001), thoracic trauma (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.52, p = 0.020), hypoxemia (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05–1.79, p = 0.048), unreactive pupil (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.27–2.45 at 7; p < 0.001) were predictors for tracheostomy. Considerable heterogeneity among countries was found in tracheostomy frequency (7.9–50.2%) and timing (early 0–17.6%). Patients with a late tracheostomy were more likely to have a worse neurological outcome, i.e., mortality and poor neurological sequels (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.07–2.67, p = 0.018), and longer length of stay (LOS) (38.5 vs. 49.4 days, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Tracheostomy after TBI is routinely performed in severe neurological damaged patients. Early tracheostomy is associated with a better neurological outcome and reduced LOS, but the causality of this relationship remains unproven.
Published: 2020

46. Informed consent procedures in patients with an acute inability to provide informed consent: Policy and practice in the CENTER-TBI study

Author: van Wijk, R, van Dijck, J, Timmers, M, van Veen, E, Citerio, G, Lingsma, H, Maas, A, Menon, D, Peul, W, Stocchetti, N, Kompanje, E, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Ceyisakar, I, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kondziella, D, Koraropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Castaño-León, A, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Misset, B, Mulazzi, D, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Olubukola, O, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Sundström, N, Synnot, A, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, Van der Steen, G, van der Naalt, J, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, van Wijk, Roel P. J., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J. O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-Yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Castaño-León, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Mulazzi, Davide, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Sundström, Nina, Synnot, Anneliese, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Steen, Gregory, van der Naalt, Joukje, van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, Kevin K. W., Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, Zoerle, Tommaso, van Wijk, R, van Dijck, J, Timmers, M, van Veen, E, Citerio, G, Lingsma, H, Maas, A, Menon, D, Peul, W, Stocchetti, N, Kompanje, E, Åkerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Ceyisakar, I, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kondziella, D, Koraropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Castaño-León, A, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Martino, C, Maréchal, H, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Misset, B, Mulazzi, D, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Olubukola, O, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Sundström, N, Synnot, A, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Tibboel, D, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Vajkoczy, P, Vallance, S, Valeinis, E, Vámos, Z, Van der Steen, G, van der Naalt, J, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Wilson, L, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, van Wijk, Roel P. J., van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., Timmers, Marjolein, van Veen, Ernest, Citerio, Giuseppe, Lingsma, Hester F., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Peul, Wilco C., Stocchetti, Nino, Kompanje, Erwin J. O., Åkerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo, Carbonara, Marco, Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Ceyisakar, Iris, Coburn, Mark, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Corte, Francesco Della, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubovic, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-Yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Koraropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Castaño-León, Ana M., Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Martino, Costanza, Maréchal, Hugues, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menon, David, Menovsky, Tomas, Misset, Benoit, Mulazzi, Davide, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Olubukola, Otesile, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Radoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V., Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Sundström, Nina, Synnot, Anneliese, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Ao, Braden Te, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Tibboel, Dick, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Vajkoczy, Peter, Vallance, Shirley, Valeinis, Egils, Vámos, Zoltán, Van der Steen, Gregory, van der Naalt, Joukje, van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Petar, Wang, Kevin K. W., Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Wilson, Lindsay, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, and Zoerle, Tommaso
Abstract: Purpose: Enrolling traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with an inability to provide informed consent in research is challenging. Alternatives to patient consent are not sufficiently embedded in European and national legislation, which allows procedural variation and bias.Weaimed to quantify variations in informed consent policy and practice. Methods: Variation was explored in the CENTER-TBI study. Policies were reported by using a questionnaire and national legislation. Data on used informed consent procedures were available for 4498 patients from57 centres across 17 European countries. Results: Variation in the use of informed consent procedures was found between and within EU member states. Proxy informed consent (N= 1377;64%) was the most frequently used type of consent in the ICU, followed by patient informed consent (N = 426;20%) and deferred consent (N = 334;16%). Deferred consent was only actively used in 15 centres (26%), although it was considered valid in 47 centres (82%). Conclusions: Alternatives to patient consent are essential for TBI research.While there seems to be concordance amongst national legislations, there is regional variability in institutional practices with respect to the use of different informed consent procedures. Variation could be caused by several reasons, including inconsistencies in clear legislation or knowledge of such legislation amongst researchers.
Published: 2020

47. Updated framework on quality and safety in emergency medicine

Author: Hansen, Kim, Boyle, Adrian, Holroyd, Brian, Phillips, Georgina, Benger, Jonathan, Chartier, Lucas B., Lecky, Fiona, Vaillancourt, Samuel, Cameron, Peter, Waligora, Grzegorz, Kurland, Lisa, Truesdale, Melinda, Hansen, Kim, Boyle, Adrian, Holroyd, Brian, Phillips, Georgina, Benger, Jonathan, Chartier, Lucas B., Lecky, Fiona, Vaillancourt, Samuel, Cameron, Peter, Waligora, Grzegorz, Kurland, Lisa, and Truesdale, Melinda
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Quality and safety of emergency care is critical. Patients rely on emergency medicine (EM) for accessible, timely and high-quality care in addition to providing a 'safety-net' function. Demand is increasing, creating resource challenges in all settings. Where EM is well established, this is recognised through the implementation of quality standards and staff training for patient safety. In settings where EM is developing, immense system and patient pressures exist, thereby necessitating the availability of tiered standards appropriate to the local context. METHODS: The original quality framework arose from expert consensus at the International Federation of Emergency Medicine (IFEM) Symposium for Quality and Safety in Emergency Care (UK, 2011). The IFEM Quality and Safety Special Interest Group members have subsequently refined it to achieve a consensus in 2018. RESULTS: Patients should expect EDs to provide effective acute care. To do this, trained emergency personnel should make patient-centred, timely and expert decisions to provide care, supported by systems, processes, diagnostics, appropriate equipment and facilities. Enablers to high-quality care include appropriate staff, access to care (including financial), coordinated emergency care through the whole patient journey and monitoring of outcomes. Crowding directly impacts on patient quality of care, morbidity and mortality. Quality indicators should be pragmatic, measurable and prioritised as components of an improvement strategy which should be developed, tailored and implemented in each setting. CONCLUSION: EDs globally have a remit to deliver the best care possible. IFEM has defined and updated an international consensus framework for quality and safety.
Published: 2020
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48. 'Sorry, what did you say?' Communicating defibrillator retrieval and use in OHCA emergency calls.

Author: Perera, Niru, Ball, Stephen, Birnie, Tanya, Morgan, Alani, Riou, Marine, Whiteside, Austin, Perkins, Gavin D, Bray, Janet, Fatovich, Daniel M, Cameron, Peter, Brink, Deon, Bailey, Paul, Finn, Judith, Perera, Niru, Ball, Stephen, Birnie, Tanya, Morgan, Alani, Riou, Marine, Whiteside, Austin, Perkins, Gavin D, Bray, Janet, Fatovich, Daniel M, Cameron, Peter, Brink, Deon, Bailey, Paul, and Finn, Judith
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The defibrillator prompt, which directs callers to retrieve a defibrillator during out-of-hospital-cardiac arrest, is crucial to the emergency call because it can save lives. We evaluated communicative effectiveness of the prompt instated by the Medical Priority Dispatch System ™ version 13, namely: if there is a defibrillator (AED) available, send someone to get it now, and tell me when you have it. METHODS: Using Conversation Analysis and descriptive statistics, we examined linguistic features of the defibrillator sequences (call-taker prompt and caller response) in 208 emergency calls where non-traumatic out of hospital cardiac arrest was confirmed by the emergency medical services, and they attempted resuscitation, in the first six months of 2019. Defibrillator sequence durations were measured to determine impact on time to CPR prompt. The proportion of cases where bystanders retrieved defibrillators was also assessed. RESULTS: There was low call-taker adoption of the Medical Priority Dispatch System ™ version 13 prompt (99/208) compared to alternative prompts (86/208) or no prompt (23/208). Caller responses to the version 13 prompt tended to be longer, more ambiguous or unrelated, and have more instances of repair (utterances to address comprehension trouble). Defibrillators were rarely brought to the scene irrespective of defibrillator prompt utilised. CONCLUSION: While the version 13 prompt aims to ensure the use of an available automatic external defibrillator, its effectiveness is undermined by the three-clause composition of the prompt and exclusion of a question structure. We recommend testing of a re-phrased defibrillator prompt in order to maximise comprehension and caller action.
Published: 2020

49. Combinatorics: Topics, Techniques, Algorithms

Author: Cameron, Peter J.
Published: 1994
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50. Oligomorphic Permutation Groups

Author: Cameron, Peter J.
Published: 1990
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