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Due to the high wastepaper recyclability and water-loop system closure, packaging paper mills struggle with increased fines, causing runnability issues. Cellulase enzymes are a preferred treatment choice for the improvement of the pulp refining in stock preparation area but are not widely used or easy to introduce in the production process. Different cellulase enzymes were tested, and those with the highest activity were introduced to the white-water (WW) samples with the aim to reduce fines content as potentially new enzyme applications on the paper machine. The first portion of the study involved the development of an experiment model to find and confirm the optimal enzyme process parameters (40 °C, pH 5.7, reaction time 3 h, and 0.18% v/v enzyme addition) for laboratory made white-water. The second portion of the study included turbidity, colloidal charge, flow cytometry (FCM), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis on industrial and laboratory made white-water samples at optimized process parameters. Obtained results corresponded to reduced fines content in white-water samples, which justified commercial usage of cellulase enzymes on recycled paper machine short loop and potentially increased machine runnability without negative influence on wastewater treatment plant.

Hemicellulose and pectin are noteworthy components of historical European rag papers, and have not been studied in detail so far. Rag papers were made from used textiles, and fiber-based utilities, such as ropes and bags. These had been prepared until the mid-19th century from plant-based fibers. Their polysaccharide composition could relate to their condition and history. This information can be expected to hold importance for the preservation and conservation of historical objects. We investigated a collection of rag papers of different age for their composition of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and compared the findings with modern rag papers and wood pulps. Furthermore, a non-destructive determination of the hemicellulose and pectin content by near-infrared spectroscopy was developed. Historical rag papers had a lower hemicellulose/pectin content than pulps; the fractions of rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose were higher, while xylose was lower. In modern rag papers, xylose tended to be at the higher end of the range, which suggests a degradation of hemicelluloses/pectin over time or a change in raw materials and manufacturing. Rag papers also showed higher crystallinity than wood pulp papers. These findings provide insights into rag paper characteristics and offer potential classification methods.

In the paper by Inna Ganschow, the camp experience in the Soviet Union as a result of forced conscription will be treated, specifically in its artistic processing: secretly written diaries and letters by Luxembourg Wehrmacht soldiers. Contemporary historical research today calls them ego documents – private, handwritten texts of a personal nature. The range of texts to be examined in the lecture ranges from the smuggled out notes and letters that their released comrades took with them to Luxembourg, through diaries, speeches and self-made dictionaries to poems, short stories and drawings, some of which were in the camp and some immediately after the return from Tambov and other camps in the Soviet Union. The focus is on the question of dealing with the thesis of the Auschwitz concentration camp survivor Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist and neurologist from Vienna, that the meaning of camp life - logotherapy - can have a self-healing effect and increase the self-healing powers, which increases the chances of survival.

The response revolves around boundaries of academic disciplines, knowledge production, care, and the creation of we-they and otherness. The dominant knowledge system in disciplines is contested through a discussion of the separation of use and production of technology/science. Researchers’ entanglement and how this makes sense in the research process is also highlighted. In the portrayal of old and young engineers a “we”, “they”, and “otherness” are constituted without a reflection. Care and thinking-with care are introduced to extend the discussion of care. In the end it is recommended to be more focused in choices of aim, theoretical framework, and method.

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools.

We discuss three processes of price adjustment, respectively proposed by Smale (1976), van der Laan and Talman (1987), and Kamiya (1990). The latter two processes are guaranteed to converge to a competitive equilibrium for a generic set of exchange economies for any initial price system and the former process for a generic set of exchange economies for any initial price system such that one of the prices is zero. The simplest way to describe these processes is by characterizing the path of prices that they generate. Convergence proofs then rely on results from differential topology and establish that these paths have a manifold structure. The van der Laan and Talman (1987) process was shown by Herings (1997) to exhibit global and universal convergence. The required tools, involving regular constraint sets and manifolds with generalized boundary, are explained in detail and can be fruitfully applied in other domains as well. The paper concludes with an overview of globally and universally convergent processes in other environments like production economies, economies with price rigidities, and normal-form games.

AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS) combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing to make AI accessible to enterprises without implementing complex solutions or technologies on-premise. Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) that lack competencies in the AI and technology sector consider AIaaS as a promising option to implement AI solutions. However, the differences between AIaaS and AI on-premise have not attracted much research. The intention of this paper is to contribute to this area by analysing the literature in the field and investigating a concrete example in more detail. Exploring AIaaS is crucial to better understand the opportunities and limitations of AI services. The contributions of the paper are (a) an analysis of the literature on AIaaS to identify factors affecting AI implementation and how AIaaS solutions differ from on-premise solutions when introducing AI in a company, (b) a case study of an SME that compares AIaaS and AI on-premise in practice, and (c) the application potential of a morphological box to compare AIaaS and AI on-premise.

Semiotic resources such as digital technologies have become the tools of the trade in various social practices and are promoting the digital globalization of educational contexts. Through constant renewals, technological impacts on education have elicited several challenges. This paper advocates a theoretical study on how digital technologies can challenge social settings, a conceptualization guiding upcoming empirical explorations on digital technologies in education. By synthesizing research data, new theoretical propositions can be initiated based on previous empirical analyses. An extended critical perception of technologies’ social agency and how technologies regulate meaning-makers’ social, political, and economic life can be obtained as an understanding of the democratization of the Internet space. The following research questions were used; During the last five years, what effects do digital technologies have on social practice, and how can the effects be theoretically conceptualized? Peer-reviewed research papers addressing digital technologies between 2017 and 2022 will be retrieved from scholarly databases. Through meta-synthesis strategies, theoretical conceptualizations of the consequences different digital platforms for Internet navigation and social media have on social practices will be obtained. Findings indicate that the association between the concepts of calculation center, platform leadership, immaterial labor, and mindshare is interesting to strengthen critical perspectives on technical agencies for understanding the democratization of the Internet space. We conclude that there is a need for continuous critical expansion of theories to enrich educational research with tools for problematizing the digital globalization., LICT

University spinoffs (USOs) are firms created to commercialize research outcomes or innovative technologies developed by university members. This paper adopts a systematic literature review approach for exploring the trajectory of the USO research field. It categorizes the literature based on two perspectives: the process of how USOs develop and what factors can explain the variance of USO development; the paper critically examines the USO literature through these two lenses. By integrating these two perspectives and examining 120 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1987 and 2022, we develop a comprehensive model of USO development. The paper contributes to the extant literature on academic entrepreneurship by contending that while the “how” and “what” questions pose unique challenges for USO scholars, they cannot be separated because the process and variance models are complementary and important in advancing research on USOs. As such, we explore and identify specific factors that affect each of the distinct phases of the USO development at the institutional, organizational, and individual levels of analysis which form the basis for a rich future research agenda.

A computationally efficient FIR-filtering based tool-path (trajectory) modification method, which simultaneously realizes remarkable trajectory error reduction, vibration avoidance, and short machining time, is presented in this paper. Conventional trajectory generation in NC units causes trajectory error by using smoothing filters for limiting acceleration and avoiding vibration of the machines, and this trajectory error is often too large for practical applications. Therefore, a novel trajectory generation method is presented in this paper to remarkably reduce the trajectory error by modifying the trajectory commanded by G-codes on the basis of the trajectory error and angular speed. In order to realize the trajectory modification method, three key components, (i) p-corresponding method, (ii) -smoothing filter, and (iii) modification gain function, are developed in this study. The p-corresponding method is required to stably evaluate the trajectory error, while the other two components are used to compute appropriate modification gains for arbitrary trajectories. The proposed trajectory modification method is completed by integrating the components (i) to (iii), and it is verified utilizing a commercial machine tool. It is confirmed that average trajectory error is reduced remarkably by the proposed method without increasing machining time or sacrificing vibration avoidance by the smoothing filter. In particular, the trajectory errors at circular arcs are eliminated almost completely, e.g., the average trajectory error is reduced significantly by about 80% for a trajectory consisting of several circular arcs and corners.

© 2024 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0, In this paper we present SurvLIMEpy, an open-source Python package that implements the SurvLIME algorithm. This method allows to compute local feature importance for machine learning algorithms designed for modelling Survival Analysis data. The presented implementation uses a matrix-wise formulation, which allows to speed up the execution time. Additionally, SurvLIMEpy assists the user with visualisation tools to better understand the result of the algorithm. The package supports a wide variety of survival models, from the Cox Proportional Hazards Model to deep learning models such as DeepHit or DeepSurv. Two types of experiments are presented in this paper. First, by means of simulated data, we study the ability of the algorithm to capture the importance of the features. Second, we use three open source survival datasets together with a set of survival algorithms in order to demonstrate how SurvLIMEpy behaves when applied to different models., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

A novel fault diagnosis procedure is proposed in this paper to estimate faults using a linear parameter varying (LPV) model whose scheduling parameters depend on the fault. A wrong determination of the operating conditions could lead the system to an undesired performance or even to an unstable situation, when classical fault diagnosis approaches are applied. This paper addresses this issue by formulating fault diagnosis as a dynamic optimization problem, solved by using a novel hybrid technique that combines a Luenberger-based observer with artificial intelligent (AI) optimization-based algorithms. The observer supervises the health of the system, while AI-based algorithms are able to reconstruct the faulty signal in real-time when the observer determines that the system is under a fault. The efficiency of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme, the three AI-based algorithms based on artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization, and the gradient-based algorithm developed in this paper, are assessed using a numerical example., This work has been co-financed by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERFD) through the project SaCoAV (ref. MINECO PID2020-114244RB-100), by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union in the framework of the ERDF Operational Program of Catalonia 2014-2020 (ref. 001-P-001643 Looming Factory) and by the DGR of Generalitat de Catalunya (SAC group ref. 2017/SGR/482)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This paper proposes a shared multi-stakeholder PV system for traction substations and nearby residential loads to reduce the need for storage, AC grid exchange, and curtailment. The residential stakeholders offer both the base electrical load and the solar panels installation space needed by the traction stakeholder, who brings the peak load and investments to the former. Two case studies were conducted for one year in the city of Arnhem, The cy=Netherlands, using comprehensive and verified simulation models: A high-traffic and a low-traffic substation. The results showed a positive, synergetic benefit in reducing the PV system's excess energy and size requirement for any type of traction substations connected to any number of households. In one detailed example, the multi-stakeholder system suggested in this paper is shown to reduce curtailment by up to 80% in moments of zero-traction load. Generally, the direct load coverage of a PV system is increased by as much as 7 absolute percentage points to the single-stakeholder system when looking at energy-neutral system sizes. This multi-stakeholders system offers then an increase in the techno-economic feasibility of PV system integration in urban loads., DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage

This paper provides an overview of different policies, political strategies and spatial conflicts on water issues in 21st century Spain, with an illustrating example about the management of the Tagus River. This international river basin, which is shared between Spain and Portugal, must meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive, as all the river basins in the European Union do. The power granted to Spanish regions, their asymmetric economic development patterns, and the worsening droughts associated with climate change have created a water conflict. This paper shows, through the French geopolitical approach, how water policy in Spain has evolved these last decades and how water scarcity has become a geopolitical representation in certain territories. This study focuses on the territorial observation of power rivalries at different scales, providing new and complementary elements that can help understand water governance challenges in Spain in the years to come., Cet article fournit une vue d'ensemble des différentes politiques, stratégies politiques et conflits spatiaux sur les questions d'eau en Espagne pendant le 21ème siècle, avec un exemple illustrant la gestion du fleuve Tage. Ce bassin fluvial international, partagé entre l'Espagne et le Portugal, doit répondre aux exigences de la directive-cadre sur l'eau, comme tous les bassins fluviaux de l'Union européenne. Le pouvoir accordé aux régions espagnoles, leur mode de développement économique asymétrique et l'aggravation des sécheresses liées au changement climatique ont créé un conflit de l'eau. Cet article montre, à travers l'approche géopolitique française, comment la politique de l'eau en Espagne a évolué ces dernières décennies et comment la pénurie d'eau est devenue une représentation géopolitique dans certains territoires. Cette étude se concentre sur l'observation territoriale des rivalités de pouvoir à différentes échelles, fournissant des éléments nouveaux et complémentaires qui peuvent aider à comprendre défis de la gouvernance de l'eau, Questo articolo fornisce una panoramica delle diverse politiche, delle strategie politiche e dei conflitti territoriali sulle questioni idriche nella Spagna del XXI secolo, con un esempio illustrativo sulla gestione del fiume Tago. Questo bacino fluviale internazionale, condiviso tra Spagna e Portogallo, deve soddisfare i requisiti della Direttiva quadro sulle acque, come tutti i bacini fluviali dell'Unione Europea. Il potere concesso alle regioni spagnole, i loro modelli di sviluppo economico asimmetrici e l'aggravarsi della siccità associata ai cambiamenti climatici hanno creato un conflitto idrico. Questo articolo mostra, attraverso l'approccio geopolitico francese, come si è evoluta la politica idrica in Spagna negli ultimi decenni e come la scarsità d'acqua sia diventata una rappresentazione geopolitica in alcuni territori. Questo studio si concentra sull'osservazione territoriale delle rivalità di potere a diverse scale, fornendo elementi nuovi e complementari che possono aiutare a comprendere le sfide della governance idrica in Spagna negli anni a venire., Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral de diferentes políticas, estratégias políticas e conflitos espaciais relacionadas com questões hídricas em Espanha no século XXI, com um exemplo ilustrativo focado na gestão do Rio Tejo. Esta bacia hidrográfica internacional, que é partilhada entre Espanha e Portugal, tem de cumprir os requisitos da Directiva-Quadro da Água, como é o caso em todas bacias hidrográficas da União Europeia. O poder concedido às regiões espanholas, os padrões assimétricos de desenvolvimento económico, e o agravamento de secas associadas a alterações climáticas, criaram um conflito hídrico. Este artigo mostra, usando uma abordagem geopolítica francesa, como a política da água em Espanha evoluiu nestas últimas décadas e como a escassez de água se tornou uma representação geopolítica em determinados territórios. Este estudo foca-se na observação territorial das rivalidades de poder a diferentes escalas, fornecendo elementos novos e complementares que ajudam a compreender os desafios da governação da água., Este artículo ofrece una visión general de las diferentes políticas y conflictos espaciales en materia de agua en España durante el siglo XXI, con un ejemplo ilustrativo sobre la gestión del río Tajo. Esta cuenca hidrográfica, compartida entre España y Portugal, debe cumplir los requisitos de la Directiva Marco del Agua. El poder otorgado a las regiones españolas, su desarrollo económico asimétrico y el aumento de la severidad de las sequías asociada al cambio climático han creado un conflicto hídrico. Este artículo muestra, a través del enfoque geopolítico francés, cómo la política del agua en España ha evolucionado estas últimas décadas y cómo la escasez hídrica se ha convertido en una representación geopolítica en determinados territorios. Este estudio, centrado en la observación territorial de las rivalidades de poder a diferentes escalas, aporta elementos nuevos y complementarios que ayudan a comprender los retos de la gobernanza del agua en España.

Introduction: Currently, the specialized literature agreed on the need to democratize knowledge in techno-cognitive decision-making. In particular, some participation mechanisms are questionated because are considered mere exercises used to legitimize pre-existing decisions. This accounts for the need to outline new tools to analyze the participatory dynamics in the generation of projects and technologies for local development. Objective: This paper aims to propose an analytical framework to map participatory dynamics, applied to the analysis of local development projects promoted by research institutions through the design and apply of a specific typology. Methodology: This qualitative research is based on two case studies, which involved in-depth interviews with relevant actors, documentary analysis and fieldwork in key participatory action research. To carry out the analysis, we use a theoretical-methodological approach based on the sociology of constructivist technology, which proposes to inquire the way in which society and technology are co-constructed. Results: The analysis of two case studies alowed to identify two different trajectories of social participation. The first case initiate with aa broad participation experience, but derived a form of expert control. The second case began with expert control, but participation broadened and intensified throughout the process. Conclusions: Finally, the paper propose some reflections on how participatory dynamics work in the promotion of interactive learning processes and capacity building in techno-scientific projects for local development., Introducción: Actualmente, en la literatura especializada existe un extendido consenso sobre la necesidad de democratizar el conocimiento en la toma de decisiones tecno-cognitivas. En particular, se cuestiona que los mecanismos de participación se transforman en ejercicios utilizados para legitimar decisiones preexistentes. Esto da cuenta de la necesidad de construir nuevas herramientas para analizar las dinámicas participativas en proyectos y tecnologías para desarrollo local. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un marco analítico para mapear dinámicas participativas en proyectos de desarrollo local impulsados desde instituciones públicas de investigación a partir del diseño y aplicación de una tipología específica. Metodología: La investigación, de tipo cualitativo, está basada en dos estudios de caso que involucraron entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave, revisión documental y trabajo de campo en clave investigación-acción participativa. Para el análisis, se recurrió a un abordaje teórico-metodológico basado en la sociología de la tecnología que propone indagar el modo en el que sociedad y tecnología se co-construyen mutuamente. Resultados: El análisis de dos estudios de caso permitió identificar dos trayectorias de participación social diferentes. En el primero, su buscó realizar una experiencia de participación amplia, pero derivó una forma de control experto. En el segundo, el inició con control experto, pero participación se amplió e intensificó a lo largo del proceso. Conclusiones: El trabajo concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre cómo operan las dinámicas participativas en la promoción de procesos de aprendizaje interactivo y construcción de capacidades en proyectos científico-tecnológicos para desarrollo local.

This paper adopts a problematising review approach to examine the extent of mitigating climate change research in the sustainable tourism literature. As climate change has developed into an existential global environmental crisis and while tourism's emissions are still increasing, one would expect it to be at the heart of sustainable tourism research. However, from a corpus of 2573 journal articles featuring ‘sustainable tourism’ in their title, abstract, or keywords, only 6.5% covered climate change mitigation. Our critical content analysis of 35 of the most influential papers found that the current methods, scope and traditions of tourism research hamper effective and in-depth research into climate change. Transport, the greatest contributor to tourism's emissions, was mostly overlooked, and weak definitions of sustainability were common. Tight system boundaries, lack of common definitions and incomplete data within tourism studies appear to hamper assessing ways to mitigate tourism's contribution to climate change.

This paper adopts a problematising review approach to examine the extent of mitigating climate change research in the sustainable tourism literature. As climate change has developed into an existential global environmental crisis and while tourism's emissions are still increasing, one would expect it to be at the heart of sustainable tourism research. However, from a corpus of 2573 journal articles featuring ‘sustainable tourism’ in their title, abstract, or keywords, only 6.5% covered climate change mitigation. Our critical content analysis of 35 of the most influential papers found that the current methods, scope and traditions of tourism research hamper effective and in-depth research into climate change. Transport, the greatest contributor to tourism's emissions, was mostly overlooked, and weak definitions of sustainability were common. Tight system boundaries, lack of common definitions and incomplete data within tourism studies appear to hamper assessing ways to mitigate tourism's contribution to climate change.

This paper provides an overview of different policies, political strategies and spatial conflicts on water issues in 21st century Spain, with an illustrating example about the management of the Tagus River. This international river basin, which is shared between Spain and Portugal, must meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive, as all the river basins in the European Union do. The power granted to Spanish regions, their asymmetric economic development patterns, and the worsening droughts associated with climate change have created a water conflict. This paper shows, through the French geopolitical approach, how water policy in Spain has evolved these last decades and how water scarcity has become a geopolitical representation in certain territories. This study focuses on the territorial observation of power rivalries at different scales, providing new and complementary elements that can help understand water governance challenges in Spain in the years to come., Cet article fournit une vue d'ensemble des différentes politiques, stratégies politiques et conflits spatiaux sur les questions d'eau en Espagne pendant le 21ème siècle, avec un exemple illustrant la gestion du fleuve Tage. Ce bassin fluvial international, partagé entre l'Espagne et le Portugal, doit répondre aux exigences de la directive-cadre sur l'eau, comme tous les bassins fluviaux de l'Union européenne. Le pouvoir accordé aux régions espagnoles, leur mode de développement économique asymétrique et l'aggravation des sécheresses liées au changement climatique ont créé un conflit de l'eau. Cet article montre, à travers l'approche géopolitique française, comment la politique de l'eau en Espagne a évolué ces dernières décennies et comment la pénurie d'eau est devenue une représentation géopolitique dans certains territoires. Cette étude se concentre sur l'observation territoriale des rivalités de pouvoir à différentes échelles, fournissant des éléments nouveaux et complémentaires qui peuvent aider à comprendre défis de la gouvernance de l'eau, Questo articolo fornisce una panoramica delle diverse politiche, delle strategie politiche e dei conflitti territoriali sulle questioni idriche nella Spagna del XXI secolo, con un esempio illustrativo sulla gestione del fiume Tago. Questo bacino fluviale internazionale, condiviso tra Spagna e Portogallo, deve soddisfare i requisiti della Direttiva quadro sulle acque, come tutti i bacini fluviali dell'Unione Europea. Il potere concesso alle regioni spagnole, i loro modelli di sviluppo economico asimmetrici e l'aggravarsi della siccità associata ai cambiamenti climatici hanno creato un conflitto idrico. Questo articolo mostra, attraverso l'approccio geopolitico francese, come si è evoluta la politica idrica in Spagna negli ultimi decenni e come la scarsità d'acqua sia diventata una rappresentazione geopolitica in alcuni territori. Questo studio si concentra sull'osservazione territoriale delle rivalità di potere a diverse scale, fornendo elementi nuovi e complementari che possono aiutare a comprendere le sfide della governance idrica in Spagna negli anni a venire., Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral de diferentes políticas, estratégias políticas e conflitos espaciais relacionadas com questões hídricas em Espanha no século XXI, com um exemplo ilustrativo focado na gestão do Rio Tejo. Esta bacia hidrográfica internacional, que é partilhada entre Espanha e Portugal, tem de cumprir os requisitos da Directiva-Quadro da Água, como é o caso em todas bacias hidrográficas da União Europeia. O poder concedido às regiões espanholas, os padrões assimétricos de desenvolvimento económico, e o agravamento de secas associadas a alterações climáticas, criaram um conflito hídrico. Este artigo mostra, usando uma abordagem geopolítica francesa, como a política da água em Espanha evoluiu nestas últimas décadas e como a escassez de água se tornou uma representação geopolítica em determinados territórios. Este estudo foca-se na observação territorial das rivalidades de poder a diferentes escalas, fornecendo elementos novos e complementares que ajudam a compreender os desafios da governação da água., Este artículo ofrece una visión general de las diferentes políticas y conflictos espaciales en materia de agua en España durante el siglo XXI, con un ejemplo ilustrativo sobre la gestión del río Tajo. Esta cuenca hidrográfica, compartida entre España y Portugal, debe cumplir los requisitos de la Directiva Marco del Agua. El poder otorgado a las regiones españolas, su desarrollo económico asimétrico y el aumento de la severidad de las sequías asociada al cambio climático han creado un conflicto hídrico. Este artículo muestra, a través del enfoque geopolítico francés, cómo la política del agua en España ha evolucionado estas últimas décadas y cómo la escasez hídrica se ha convertido en una representación geopolítica en determinados territorios. Este estudio, centrado en la observación territorial de las rivalidades de poder a diferentes escalas, aporta elementos nuevos y complementarios que ayudan a comprender los retos de la gobernanza del agua en España.

Innovation and adaptation of renewable energy technologies significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase energy efficiency. Understanding the convergence patterns in renewable energy innovation will enable policymakers to design policies to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. This paper applies the convergence algorithm proposed by Philips and Sul to assess the convergence in renewable energy innovation for 90 countries covering the period between 1993 and 2018. This paper also examines the determinants/factors driving the convergence clubs of the countries using Probit and Logit regression. The convergence analyses suggest that there is no global convergence in renewable energy innovation. Findings highlight two convergence clubs: i) a club comprising more innovative countries and ii) another club that includes less innovative countries. We find that countries with higher income per capita, CO2 emissions per capita, research and development (R&D) investment, better environmental regulations and stronger institutional settings are more likely to be part of the innovative club. Countries should increase their R&D investment and environmental regulations and improve their institutional quality to increase their likelihood of belonging to a more innovative club. Furthermore, less innovative countries could promote policies to transfer renewable energy technologies from innovative countries

This paper deals with the research findings of an anthropological study about quail hunting and quail fighting in Taunsa Sharif. The major objective of this research was to find the traditional tools and techniques being used for different types of quail hunting by the natives. There is a strong relationship between two of the activities. Through the quail hunting a flock of birds is captured and out of this the finest quails are selected for the fight on the basis of certain culturally defined criteria. There are seven traditional types of quail hunt that are being practiced. All types of hunts vary from each other because of different reasons, i.e., season of the hunt, usage of tools and techniques. The division of labor and party formation has a vital role in both quail hunt and fight. This paper is an attempt to explain the process, practices, tool and techniques of quail hunting. Besides this indigenous perspective about the start of quail fight and hunt are discussed. The data presented in this research paper were collected in Union Council Urban Tehsil Taunsa Sharif by utilizing anthropological research tools and techniques from August 2008 to January 2009.  &nbsp

Language localization codes modern world to dilate trade and surplus. Capitalists approach far off markets by localizing their products to tantalize autochthonous consumers. Creative arts are immensely influenced by dubbed localization. Films and dramas are dubbed and localized in target cultures and languages to amplify the global market. This is proliferating a hybrid popular culture. Localization can be adapted as a tool to educate people and to broaden their approach towards life. This paper is exploring positive impact of localized foreign dramas in conservative and hidebound societies. This study presents a basic survey of culturally and linguistically sensitive localization of foreign dramas and its clout on Pakistani society. Three dramas from different cultures and ethnicities have been selected to analyze the power of localized visual arts to influence the thought of masses. The Korean drama “Dae Jang Geum, A Jewel in the Palace”, The Iranian drama “Roz e Hasrat” and the Turkish drama “Fatima Gul Mera kasur kia ha” are part of this study. This paper focuses on two basic questions. How localization influence a target culture in this global \capitalist world? How can we apply this power of localization to reduce bigotry in Pakistani society?

Language localization codes modern world to dilate trade and surplus. Capitalists approach far off markets by localizing their products to tantalize autochthonous consumers. Creative arts are immensely influenced by dubbed localization. Films and dramas are dubbed and localized in target cultures and languages to amplify the global market. This is proliferating a hybrid popular culture. Localization can be adapted as a tool to educate people and to broaden their approach towards life. This paper is exploring positive impact of localized foreign dramas in conservative and hidebound societies. This study presents a basic survey of culturally and linguistically sensitive localization of foreign dramas and its clout on Pakistani society. Three dramas from different cultures and ethnicities have been selected to analyze the power of localized visual arts to influence the thought of masses. The Korean drama “Dae Jang Geum, A Jewel in the Palace”, The Iranian drama “Roz e Hasrat” and the Turkish drama “Fatima Gul Mera kasur kia ha” are part of this study. This paper focuses on two basic questions. How localization influence a target culture in this global \capitalist world? How can we apply this power of localization to reduce bigotry in Pakistani society?

This paper deals with the research findings of an anthropological study about quail hunting and quail fighting in Taunsa Sharif. The major objective of this research was to find the traditional tools and techniques being used for different types of quail hunting by the natives. There is a strong relationship between two of the activities. Through the quail hunting a flock of birds is captured and out of this the finest quails are selected for the fight on the basis of certain culturally defined criteria. There are seven traditional types of quail hunt that are being practiced. All types of hunts vary from each other because of different reasons, i.e., season of the hunt, usage of tools and techniques. The division of labor and party formation has a vital role in both quail hunt and fight. This paper is an attempt to explain the process, practices, tool and techniques of quail hunting. Besides this indigenous perspective about the start of quail fight and hunt are discussed. The data presented in this research paper were collected in Union Council Urban Tehsil Taunsa Sharif by utilizing anthropological research tools and techniques from August 2008 to January 2009.  &nbsp

After colectomy there are four options available. The least complicated and most common is to leave the end ileostomy and not go for any reconstructive surgery. Then there is the ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in which the rectum is removed, but the anal canal and a small rectal “cuff” is preserved. The pouch is created from the distal ileum and anastomosed to the rectal cuff. In the ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) the rectum is spared, and the distal ileum is anastomosed to the top of the rectum. In the continent ileostomy (CI), also referred to as the Kock pouch, the fecal flow is let out through the abdominal wall, but a pouch and a nipple valve mechanism is created making the stoma continent which needs to be manually emptied. This thesis aims to investigate function, quality of life, satisfaction, complications, and aspects associated with the chance of having reconstructive surgery after colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). The first two papers focus on the continent ileostomy, the most uncommon of the options after colectomy. In Paper 1 all patients who have received a CI at our center were identified and medical charts were reviewed for complications and CI patency. Function and quality of life were evaluated with the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), short health scale (SHS) and a local CI specific questionnaire for function and satisfaction. In Paper II, the Swedish national patient register (NPR) was used to identify all patients with an IBD diagnosis who had received a CI and data on diagnosis, demographics, reoperations, and excisions were obtained from the register. Paper III describes an ongoing prospective non-randomized, multi-center, open-label, controlled trial between IRA and IPAA in UC patients subjected to colectomy. The primary endpoint is satisfaction but Quality of Life (QoL), sexual function, bowel function and complications are also evaluated. In Paper IV, we invest

This conceptual paper argues that there are unrealized benefits from a cross-fertilization between research on sustainable tourism and sustainability transitions studies. With the aim to stimulate such cross-fertilization, the paper identifies three contemporary streams in sustainability transitions studies that are particularly relevant for sustainable tourism: deep transitions, transitions in practice, and the geography of transitions. These three streams present complementary perspectives, which can help reach a more nuanced understanding of transition processes in the tourism sector. The paper concludes that while research on sustainable tourism can benefit from theories, concepts, and frameworks from research on sustainability transitions, research on sustainable tourism can support further conceptual developments in sustainability transitions studies., The future of event and meeting industry for transport effective society

Composite materials are known to have superior stiffness and strength properties per unit weight compared to metallic materials. These properties and the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of composites is the main motivation for choosing composite materials for structural components. Design of composite structures requires consideration of many material, design and manufacturing factors to generate designs with desired behaviour. A promising approach to handle this is to use structural optimization (SO) in the design process to obtain composite structures with optimal performance. However, optimality often comes at the cost of robustness unless consideration is taken to uncertainty in the input data to the optimization problem. It is for example well-known that composite materials can exhibit significant variation of mechanical properties and it is thus important that this is accounted for in the optimization. In this thesis, SO methods for design of composite structures are developed, including continuous and discrete parametrization methods, a method for reducing the impact of cure-induced distortion of composite parts in manufacturing; and methods for handling uncertainty to ensure robustness of optimized designs. The focus has been to extend the SO methodology to handle material uncertainty associated with the mechanical properties of composite materials. An uncertainty parametrization was developed for the stiffness properties of a composite material based on a worst-case, or deterministic, approach. Using this parametrization, an uncertainty quantification was performed to investigate the influence of material uncertainty on the performance of optimized composite structures, indicating that the effect can be significant. Combining a discrete parametrization method with the uncertainty quantification, a deterministic method for handling material uncertainty in SO of composite structures was then proposed. This method consists of a min-max optimizat, Kompositmaterial har väldigt goda styvhets- och hållfasthetsegenskaper samt låg vikt jämfört med exempelvis metaller. Dessa egenskaper tillsammans med möjligheten att skräddarsy de mekaniska egenskaperna hos kompositstrukturer har varit de främsta skälen till att välja kompositmaterial vid tillverkning av strukturella komponenter. Utveckling av kompositstrukturer styrs av ett stort antal faktorer kopplat till materialval, design och tillverkning som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till. Ett sätt att hantera detta är att använda strukturoptimering (SO) för att generera kompositstrukturer med önskade mekaniska egenskaper. Vid tillämpning av SO tas oftast ingen hänsyn till osäkerhet i indata till optimeringsproblemet, vilket medför att prestandan hos den optimerade strukturen kan vara känslig för variation i indata. Då kompositmaterial kan uppvisa en betydande variation i de mekaniska egenskaperna är det viktigt att denna osäkerhet tas med i formuleringen av optimeringsproblemet för att säkerställa robustheten hos strukturen. Denna avhandling behandlar utveckling av SO-metoder för design av komposit-strukturer. Tonvikten i arbetet har varit att utveckla metoder som tar hänsyn till materialosäkerhet i kompositmaterial, och därmed förbättra robustheten hos optimerade designer. Första steget i detta arbete är utvecklingen av en ny teknik för diskret designparametrisering, kallad Hyperbolic Function Parametrization (HFP), vilken möjliggör simultan optimering av topologi och materialval för kompositstrukturer. Tekniken använder filter baserade på hyperboliska funktioner för att generera diskreta designvariabler som behandlar kompositdesignen. Vidare utvecklas en teknik för osäkerhetsparametrisering som inkluderar variation av styvhetsegenskaperna hos kompositmaterial. Denna teknik baseras på en deterministisk, värsta-fallsformulering. Tekniken tillämpas för osäkerhets-kvantifiering genom att undersöka inverkan av materialosäkerhet på prestandan hos optimerade kompositstrukturer. D, Funding: The research papers included in the dissertation have been funded as follows: Papers I and II received funding from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) through grant agreement PV08.000.02. Papers III and V-VI received funding from the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) through grant agreement P48175-1. Paper IV received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking under the EUs Horizon 2020 program through grant agreement 716864. Paper VII received funding from the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) through grant agreements 2022-01200 and 2022-20565.

Travel demand analysis is one of the core constituents of transportation studies. Therequired insight to maintain and develop a sustainable transportation system, in additionto learning from previous research globally and locally, is generated from studyingthe effects of previous policies, investigating future possibilities and potential outcomes,and describing the current situation. The objective of the thesis is to use urbanmodeling and decision support methods to contribute to the knowledge that improvesdecision making for a sustainable society. In this thesis, three of the papers focus on implementation and application of adynamic model of movement for prediction and forecast of workplace demand andaccessibility, and for a trip chaining problem. This framework formulates movementthrough a Markov chain and solves it by using the Bellman equation which by theassumption of IID Gumbel error terms turns into a recursive logit, which reflects dynamicand directional nature of time in modeling movement. This approach is usedfor modeling a workplace choice model and accessibility to work (Paper 1), that isapplied for workplace allocation in a scenario planning framework for urban developmentgrowth with a 2040 forecasted synthetic population (Paper 3), and a dynamictrip chaining model with flexible number of trips in the chain (Paper 4). The workplacelocation choice model is unique as it connects the land use and transport modelsin a framework that is consistent with random utility maximization approach whilerespecting forward-looking behavior of individuals and the dynamic and directionalnature of time. This approach allows for evaluations of counterfactual scenarios inPaper 1 and in future workplace growth in Paper 3 for understanding the implicationsof workplace allocations under different urban planning scenarios in terms of travelbehavior, with implied social segregation issues, workplace demand and distributionof welfare. When applied in a trip chaining context (Pap, Analys av reseefterfrågan utgör en central komponent i transportstudier. Nödvändigkunskap för att utveckla och upprätthålla ett hållbart transportsystem, tillsammansmed lärdomar från tidigare forskning både globalt och lokalt, erhålls genom att studeraeffekterna av tidigare politik, undersöka framtida möjligheter och potentiella resultatutifrån en empirisk beskrivning av den nuvarande situationen. Målet med dennaavhandling är att använda stadsmodellering och beslutsstödsmetoder för att bidra tillkunskap som förbättrar beslutsfattandet för ett hållbart samhälle. Tre av artiklarna i denna avhandling fokuserar på implementering och tillämpningav en dynamisk modell av mobilitet för prognostisering av efterfrågan och tillgänglighetpå till arbetsplatser, respektive kedjeresande. Denna ram formulerar mobiliteti ett et Markov-kedja-problem, vilken löses genom Bellman-ekvationen. Genom antagandetom IID Gumbel-feltermar kan modellen formuleras som en rekursiv logit,vilket återspeglar den dynamiska och riktade naturen av tid. Denna metod användsför att modellera en arbetsplatsvalmodell och tillgänglighet till arbete (Artikel 1), somtillämpas för arbetsplatsallokering i en scenarioplaneringsram för stadsutveckling meden syntetisk befolkning prognostiserad för 2040 (Artikel 3) samt en dynamisk modellför kedjerörelse med ett flexibelt antal resor i kedjan (Artikel 4). Arbetsplatsvalmodellenär unik eftersom den kopplar samman markanvändnings- och transportmodelleri en ram som är konsistent med den slumpmässiga nytto-maximeringsansatsen, samtidigtsom den respekterar individers framåtblickande beteende och tidens dynamiskaoch riktade natur. Denna ansats möjliggör utvärderingar av kontra-faktiska scenarieri Artikel 1 och i framtida arbetsplatsutveckling i Artikel 3 för att förstå konsekvensernaav arbetsplatsallokeringar under olika stadsplaneringsscenarier avseenderesebeteende, med implicerade frågor kring social segregation, arbetsplatsefterfråganoch fördelning av välfärd. I en kont, QC 20231218

Composite materials are known to have superior stiffness and strength properties per unit weight compared to metallic materials. These properties and the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of composites is the main motivation for choosing composite materials for structural components. Design of composite structures requires consideration of many material, design and manufacturing factors to generate designs with desired behaviour. A promising approach to handle this is to use structural optimization (SO) in the design process to obtain composite structures with optimal performance. However, optimality often comes at the cost of robustness unless consideration is taken to uncertainty in the input data to the optimization problem. It is for example well-known that composite materials can exhibit significant variation of mechanical properties and it is thus important that this is accounted for in the optimization. In this thesis, SO methods for design of composite structures are developed, including continuous and discrete parametrization methods, a method for reducing the impact of cure-induced distortion of composite parts in manufacturing; and methods for handling uncertainty to ensure robustness of optimized designs. The focus has been to extend the SO methodology to handle material uncertainty associated with the mechanical properties of composite materials. An uncertainty parametrization was developed for the stiffness properties of a composite material based on a worst-case, or deterministic, approach. Using this parametrization, an uncertainty quantification was performed to investigate the influence of material uncertainty on the performance of optimized composite structures, indicating that the effect can be significant. Combining a discrete parametrization method with the uncertainty quantification, a deterministic method for handling material uncertainty in SO of composite structures was then proposed. This method consists of a min-max optimizat, Kompositmaterial har väldigt goda styvhets- och hållfasthetsegenskaper samt låg vikt jämfört med exempelvis metaller. Dessa egenskaper tillsammans med möjligheten att skräddarsy de mekaniska egenskaperna hos kompositstrukturer har varit de främsta skälen till att välja kompositmaterial vid tillverkning av strukturella komponenter. Utveckling av kompositstrukturer styrs av ett stort antal faktorer kopplat till materialval, design och tillverkning som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till. Ett sätt att hantera detta är att använda strukturoptimering (SO) för att generera kompositstrukturer med önskade mekaniska egenskaper. Vid tillämpning av SO tas oftast ingen hänsyn till osäkerhet i indata till optimeringsproblemet, vilket medför att prestandan hos den optimerade strukturen kan vara känslig för variation i indata. Då kompositmaterial kan uppvisa en betydande variation i de mekaniska egenskaperna är det viktigt att denna osäkerhet tas med i formuleringen av optimeringsproblemet för att säkerställa robustheten hos strukturen. Denna avhandling behandlar utveckling av SO-metoder för design av komposit-strukturer. Tonvikten i arbetet har varit att utveckla metoder som tar hänsyn till materialosäkerhet i kompositmaterial, och därmed förbättra robustheten hos optimerade designer. Första steget i detta arbete är utvecklingen av en ny teknik för diskret designparametrisering, kallad Hyperbolic Function Parametrization (HFP), vilken möjliggör simultan optimering av topologi och materialval för kompositstrukturer. Tekniken använder filter baserade på hyperboliska funktioner för att generera diskreta designvariabler som behandlar kompositdesignen. Vidare utvecklas en teknik för osäkerhetsparametrisering som inkluderar variation av styvhetsegenskaperna hos kompositmaterial. Denna teknik baseras på en deterministisk, värsta-fallsformulering. Tekniken tillämpas för osäkerhets-kvantifiering genom att undersöka inverkan av materialosäkerhet på prestandan hos optimerade kompositstrukturer. D, Funding: The research papers included in the dissertation have been funded as follows: Papers I and II received funding from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) through grant agreement PV08.000.02. Papers III and V-VI received funding from the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) through grant agreement P48175-1. Paper IV received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking under the EUs Horizon 2020 program through grant agreement 716864. Paper VII received funding from the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) through grant agreements 2022-01200 and 2022-20565.

After colectomy there are four options available. The least complicated and most common is to leave the end ileostomy and not go for any reconstructive surgery. Then there is the ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in which the rectum is removed, but the anal canal and a small rectal “cuff” is preserved. The pouch is created from the distal ileum and anastomosed to the rectal cuff. In the ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) the rectum is spared, and the distal ileum is anastomosed to the top of the rectum. In the continent ileostomy (CI), also referred to as the Kock pouch, the fecal flow is let out through the abdominal wall, but a pouch and a nipple valve mechanism is created making the stoma continent which needs to be manually emptied. This thesis aims to investigate function, quality of life, satisfaction, complications, and aspects associated with the chance of having reconstructive surgery after colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). The first two papers focus on the continent ileostomy, the most uncommon of the options after colectomy. In Paper 1 all patients who have received a CI at our center were identified and medical charts were reviewed for complications and CI patency. Function and quality of life were evaluated with the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), short health scale (SHS) and a local CI specific questionnaire for function and satisfaction. In Paper II, the Swedish national patient register (NPR) was used to identify all patients with an IBD diagnosis who had received a CI and data on diagnosis, demographics, reoperations, and excisions were obtained from the register. Paper III describes an ongoing prospective non-randomized, multi-center, open-label, controlled trial between IRA and IPAA in UC patients subjected to colectomy. The primary endpoint is satisfaction but Quality of Life (QoL), sexual function, bowel function and complications are also evaluated. In Paper IV, we invest

Cosmic rays are ultra-relativistic particles traveling near the speed of light permeating the galaxy. Collisionless shock waves with their ubiquity throughout the universe and excellent capability of accelerating charged particles offer an explanation to the origin of cosmic rays. It is well established that the particles are predominately accelerated at young supernova remnant shocks through a mechanism called Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA). However, this theory only applies if the particles already have a relativistic starting energy. Therefore, the charged particles must be pre-accelerated up to relativistic energies by some unknown mechanism(s) before being injected into the cosmic ray acceleration process. This is known as the injection problem and a lot of effort has been put into resolving it over the past decades. This thesis will use spacecraft data from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to study electron acceleration at Earth's collisionless bow shock. In particular, we will study what mechanisms are able to accelerate electrons from solar wind thermal energies (~20 eV) up to mildly relativistic energies 10-100 keV. Paper III and Paper IV set out to study energetic electron events observed at Earth's bow shock by MMS. In Paper III, we investigate the most promising candidate for a solution to the long-standing electron injection problem, the Stochastic Shock Drift Acceleration (SSDA) mechanism. SSDA successfully describes a mechanism for electrons to be accelerated up to mildly relativistic energies. However, only one previous observation of the theory exists. Building on that study, we provide further evidence in favor of the theory by showing good agreement between predictions and observations. Observational evidence of an alternative electron acceleration mechanism is presented in Paper IV. The observation displays an increase in electron flux up to ~60 keV, and inconsistent features with the SSDA mechanism. The event exhibits bi-direct, QC 20231222

Sustainable energy systems rely on a wide range of energy sources, where an integral part is to use the available energy as efficiently as possible. District energy systems are considered a key factor as an efficient way of distributing heat and cold within urban areas and facilitating the utilization of renewable energy sources and heat recovery from, e.g., industrial plants and data centers. To achieve high-performing control and an increased understanding of the district energy system, a dynamic model of the process can be used. However, a city-scale, automatically generated, and updated model that can be used for the whole lifecycle of the plant remains a challenging problem. Large-scale physics-based models are sometimes used for planning and validation, but using the models for optimization and control, long-term simulation, or running a high number of simulation scenarios can be computationally prohibitive. In the thesis, the physics of the district energy grid is presented along with modeling, simulation, and control methods with the goal of increasing the computational efficiency and flexibility of the methods. The grid is described using graph theoretical concepts and a linear parameter-varying state-space model representation, along with an introduction to reduced-order models, heat load prediction, Gaussian process models, and feedback control for district energy systems. The main contribution of the thesis is the seven papers. Experiences, challenges, and possible methods to address the presented problems are given in the first paper of the thesis. In the second paper a method for the prediction of heat load for buildings is presented, followed by a machine learning-based method of modeling the thermal dynamics in a district heating pipe. Next, a method for reduced order modeling of district energy grids using graph theoretical methods and spectral clustering is presented in two papers. The sixth paper suggests an integrated approach to spatial and en

The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to research a few key concepts which are important in the development of high efficiency electric drives. The selected research method is quantitative, the raw data have been collected from real world measurements, both from powerlab and from train. The data is analysed and the results are presented in the thesis and associated papers. The paper in this thesis describes and evaluates the impact of SiC MOSFET inverters on the traction drive. Furthermore, the papers go into depth about losses within the traction drive and how the electromagnetic noise depends on both the inverter switching frequency and pulse width modulation method. In the papers, results from low fidelity models of both losses and noise are presented, these models offer greater insight into the mechanism behind both losses and electromagnetic noise. Understanding how the motor harmonic losses depends on the current distribution in conductors, can contribute to improved designs of both motors and inverters. An understanding of how electromagnetic noise increases when voltage harmonics coincide with the mechanical modes of resonance of the electric motor, can further contribute to improved designs of both inverters and motors. The thesis concludes that when SiC based MOSFETs inverters makes its debut into everyday trains, we can expect significant increases in energy efficiency as well as significantly reductions in electromagnetic noise.

Background Despite the challenges that caring for a child with cancer brings for parents, little knowledge is available concerning the effects on the parents’ couple relationship. Furthermore, few interventions have been designed to support parents in their couple relationship. The aim of this paper was, therefore, to explore parents’ experiences of their couple relationship while having a dependent child with cancer and the support they received from a family-based intervention, the Family Talk Intervention (FTI). Methods Data for this paper were taken from semi-structured interviews performed in a pilot study of the FTI in the context of pediatric oncology. In total, 22 couples were interviewed after participating in the FTI. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Parents described how maintaining a couple relationship while living with childhood cancer could be very challenging and was not given the highest priority. The FTI was considered a way of providing important support to the couple and a chance for them to sit down together and listen to each other's perspectives on the situation. Parents described that the FTI had helped them gain an increased mutual understanding, sometimes also helping them to realize that they needed more extensive professional support in their relationship. Conclusions Living with childhood cancer and upholding a healthy couple relationship is challenging for parents. The FTI has the potential to support couples, mainly by providing opportunities for parents to communicate with each other. However, some couples may be in need of a tailored clinical intervention.

Given the excessive consumption of natural resources in affluent contexts across the world, this paper argues that there is a need to discuss, critique, and advance the concept of ethical consumption, which is commonly understood as involving only relatively minor practices of consumption refinement, such as acts of boycotting and buycotting. The paper does so by linking ethical consumption to the concepts of sufficiency and care and suggesting a temporal categorization. The sufficiency lens is applied to show why and how the understanding of ethical consumption cannot be restricted to that of consumption refinement but must also address consumption reduction, due to high ecological and climate footprints in many coun-tries. A temporal categorization is helpful for further expanding on this idea. Therefore, we propose understanding ethical consumption in three stages; pre-consumption, consumption and post-consumption. Finally, we emphasize the need to nurture a culture of responsibility and a sense of caring for others, including people, materials, and nature. Such a more comprehen-sive framework could help bring attention to both the promises and contradictions within ethical consumption, and some avenues for further research are suggested in the conclusion.

This paper reviews digital tools for supporting the Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment. The study provides a bibliometric analysis and focuses on computer-aided design (CAD), building information modeling (BIM), and computational plugins that can be used by practitioners. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the primary methodology for evaluating buildings' environmental performance, the study identifies tools beyond LCA, including computational methods and circularity indicators, that can support the evaluation of circular design strategies. Our review highlights limitations in tools’ functionalities, including a lack of representative data for LCA and underdeveloped circularity indicators. The paper calls for further development of these tools in terms of interoperability aspects, integration of more sources of data for LCA and circularity, and possibilities for a comprehensive evaluation of design choices. Computational plugins offer greater flexibility, while BIM-LCA integrations have the potential to replace dedicated LCA software and spreadsheets. Additionally, the study identifies opportunities for novel digital methods, such as algorithms for circular design with various types of reused building elements, and sharing of digital twins and material passports. This research can inform future studies and support architects and engineers in their efforts to create a sustainable built environment., QC 20231204, ReCreate project (Horizon 2020 grant no. 958200)

Given the excessive consumption of natural resources in affluent contexts across the world, this paper argues that there is a need to discuss, critique, and advance the concept of ethical consumption, which is commonly understood as involving only relatively minor practices of consumption refinement, such as acts of boycotting and buycotting. The paper does so by linking ethical consumption to the concepts of sufficiency and care and suggesting a temporal categorization. The sufficiency lens is applied to show why and how the understanding of ethical consumption cannot be restricted to that of consumption refinement but must also address consumption reduction, due to high ecological and climate footprints in many coun-tries. A temporal categorization is helpful for further expanding on this idea. Therefore, we propose understanding ethical consumption in three stages; pre-consumption, consumption and post-consumption. Finally, we emphasize the need to nurture a culture of responsibility and a sense of caring for others, including people, materials, and nature. Such a more comprehen-sive framework could help bring attention to both the promises and contradictions within ethical consumption, and some avenues for further research are suggested in the conclusion.

In early 20th century Sweden, people categorised as “feeble-minded” were regarded as a threat to society. Social control and eugenic ideas were manifested in the form of, e.g., sterilisation and long-term internment. Contemporary tendencies of psychiatrisation led to differentiating people with disability according to their age, gender, and social characteristics. Based on a social constructivist perspective, this paper aims to demonstrate how the subcategorisation “degenerated asocial feeble-minded (asocial imbeciles)” emerged in the 1920s, and what approaches existed to deal with this group. To address this issue, contemporary green papers, professional literature, and archive documents were used as historical sources. The results reveal efforts to found state-run island institutions on the Swedish coast and in the inland Lake Vättern. Due to adverse geographical conditions such as, e.g., freezing of the surrounding water, these plans could not be realised, and eventually out-of-use military barracks were converted into homes for this undesirable group of people. However, the planning process for the island institutions emphasises the dominant motivation to protect society by means of exclusion, supported by the argument that isolation would be in the best interest of the affected persons. The findings underline tendencies of ambivalent modernisation in the nascent Swedish welfare state.

Much recent research on climate change mitigation has focused on carbon intensities, i.e. emissions per unit of economic value, to better understand interrelationships of decarbonization with value. This paper studies large tourism enterprises, which account for a large share of tourism's emissions. Based on annual reports, the paper evaluates greenhouse gas emission and revenue interrelationships for a total of n = 29 large tourism companies including airlines, cruise lines and accommodation businesses. Together, these companies represent about 13% (365 Mt CO2) of global tourism emissions, generating revenues of US$477 billion (in 2019). The paper tracks their total emissions and emission intensities over the period 2015–2019, revealing that large tourism firms are not on track to net-zero. Results show considerable differences in emission intensities between the three tourism subsectors and between individual firms within the subsectors. These findings are discussed against emission reduction needs to mid-century. There is strong evidence that continued growth at industry's expected rates represents an insurmountable barrier to net-zero, contradicting industry narratives of progressively and successfully engaging with climate change mitigation.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanism for the interplay of deterministic and stochastic models for contagious diseases. Deterministic models for contagious diseases are prone to predict global stability. Small natural birth and death rates in comparison to disease parameters like the contact rate and the removal rate ensures that the globally stable endemic equilibrium corresponds to a tiny average proportion of infected individuals. Asymptotic equilibrium levels corresponding to low numbers of individuals invalidate the deterministic results. Diffusion effects force probability mass functions of the stochastic model to possess similar stability properties as the deterministic model. Particular simulations of the stochastic model predict, however, oscillatory patterns. Small and isolated populations show longer periods, more violent oscillations, and larger probabilities of extinction. We prove that evolution maximizes the infectiousness of the disease as measured by the ability to increase the proportion of infected individuals. This holds provided the stochastic oscillations are moderate enough to keep the proportion of susceptible individuals near a deterministic equilibrium. We close our paper with a discussion of the herd-immunity concept and stress its close relation to vaccination-programs.

The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) is the historic background of this paper, as produced in the documents presented during international and national trials concerning war crimes committed during this period. A literature review forms the analytical basis and contains various empirical and theoretical studies from the fields of philosophy, war sociology, and social epistemology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the normative orientations and social values that affect (1) the feelings of moral and social understanding (or non-understanding) after the genocide and the joint criminal enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of legitimizing transitional capitalism, (2) the actions of individuals, organizations, and states as well as the entire social community in the post-war society, and (3) the process of reconciliation and trust in post-war society. The analysis makes evident the usual tendency in a post-war society to deify one’s own ethnic (religious) group, while the consequence of such false self-infatuation with “our” collective is that the “other” that is not ours becomes undesirable. It must be, as evidence of patriotism and unconditional emotional loyalty to “our holy issue”, wiped out for good. Ethnic cleansings, joint criminal enterprises, and genocides thus become a normal means of ethnopolitical—i.e. biopolitical—“management of differences”. At the same time, ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry can erroneously be qualified as the least transparent and, for social and criminological research, the most difficult phenomena (or manifestations) of social pathology. The difficulty lies in the fact that ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry are in many respects related and intertwined with the simultaneous institutional and organizational processes of regulating (or not regulating) the economic and political globalization and transfer of ownership during the transition from socialist self-management to a new type of economy., War anomie

The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to research a few key concepts which are important in the development of high efficiency electric drives. The selected research method is quantitative, the raw data have been collected from real world measurements, both from powerlab and from train. The data is analysed and the results are presented in the thesis and associated papers. The paper in this thesis describes and evaluates the impact of SiC MOSFET inverters on the traction drive. Furthermore, the papers go into depth about losses within the traction drive and how the electromagnetic noise depends on both the inverter switching frequency and pulse width modulation method. In the papers, results from low fidelity models of both losses and noise are presented, these models offer greater insight into the mechanism behind both losses and electromagnetic noise. Understanding how the motor harmonic losses depends on the current distribution in conductors, can contribute to improved designs of both motors and inverters. An understanding of how electromagnetic noise increases when voltage harmonics coincide with the mechanical modes of resonance of the electric motor, can further contribute to improved designs of both inverters and motors. The thesis concludes that when SiC based MOSFETs inverters makes its debut into everyday trains, we can expect significant increases in energy efficiency as well as significantly reductions in electromagnetic noise.

Autonomous vehicle (AV) algorithms tend to be designed with a techno-solutionism mindset, causing algorithms to fail in real-world applications. This can be attributed to algorithm developers’ lack of routines and knowledge to consider the environments and circumstances AVs are intended to partake in. This paper argues for shifting towards a more responsible human-centred algorithm design (HCAD). It addresses this by demonstrating the different reflective practice qualities obtained by engaging algorithm designers from four companies with ethnographic materials. The study shows that Design Ethnographic (DE) approach allowed developers to consider the value of AVs from sociotechnical perspectives and facilitated collaborative learning and debating about what problems truly need solving to bring societal value. This demonstrates how ethnographically infused HCAD helps expand algorithm developers’ opportunities to participate responsibly in value co-creation for society.

Large deep learning models are impressive, but they struggle when real-time data is not available. Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) poses a significant challenge for deep neural networks to learn new tasks from just a few labeled samples without forgetting the previously learned ones. This setup can easily leads to catastrophic forgetting and overfitting problems, severely affecting model performance. Studying FSCIL helps overcome deep learning model limitations on data volume and acquisition time, while improving practicality and adaptability of machine learning models. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on FSCIL. Unlike previous surveys, we aim to synthesize few-shot learning and incremental learning, focusing on introducing FSCIL from two perspectives, while reviewing over 30 theoretical research studies and more than 20 applied research studies. From the theoretical perspective, we provide a novel categorization approach that divides the field into five subcategories, including traditional machine learning methods, meta learning-based methods, feature and feature space-based methods, replay-based methods, and dynamic network structure-based methods. We also evaluate the performance of recent theoretical research on benchmark datasets of FSCIL. From the application perspective, FSCIL has achieved impressive achievements in various fields of computer vision such as image classification, object detection, and image segmentation, as well as in natural language processing and graph. We summarize the important applications. Finally, we point out potential future research directions, including applications, problem setups, and theory development. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the latest advances in FSCIL from a methodological, performance, and application perspective. © 2023 The Author(s), Funding: This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62373343) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (No. L233036).

After colectomy there are four options available. The least complicated and most common is to leave the end ileostomy and not go for any reconstructive surgery. Then there is the ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in which the rectum is removed, but the anal canal and a small rectal “cuff” is preserved. The pouch is created from the distal ileum and anastomosed to the rectal cuff. In the ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) the rectum is spared, and the distal ileum is anastomosed to the top of the rectum. In the continent ileostomy (CI), also referred to as the Kock pouch, the fecal flow is let out through the abdominal wall, but a pouch and a nipple valve mechanism is created making the stoma continent which needs to be manually emptied. This thesis aims to investigate function, quality of life, satisfaction, complications, and aspects associated with the chance of having reconstructive surgery after colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). The first two papers focus on the continent ileostomy, the most uncommon of the options after colectomy. In Paper 1 all patients who have received a CI at our center were identified and medical charts were reviewed for complications and CI patency. Function and quality of life were evaluated with the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), short health scale (SHS) and a local CI specific questionnaire for function and satisfaction. In Paper II, the Swedish national patient register (NPR) was used to identify all patients with an IBD diagnosis who had received a CI and data on diagnosis, demographics, reoperations, and excisions were obtained from the register. Paper III describes an ongoing prospective non-randomized, multi-center, open-label, controlled trial between IRA and IPAA in UC patients subjected to colectomy. The primary endpoint is satisfaction but Quality of Life (QoL), sexual function, bowel function and complications are also evaluated. In Paper IV, we invest

Composite materials are known to have superior stiffness and strength properties per unit weight compared to metallic materials. These properties and the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of composites is the main motivation for choosing composite materials for structural components. Design of composite structures requires consideration of many material, design and manufacturing factors to generate designs with desired behaviour. A promising approach to handle this is to use structural optimization (SO) in the design process to obtain composite structures with optimal performance. However, optimality often comes at the cost of robustness unless consideration is taken to uncertainty in the input data to the optimization problem. It is for example well-known that composite materials can exhibit significant variation of mechanical properties and it is thus important that this is accounted for in the optimization. In this thesis, SO methods for design of composite structures are developed, including continuous and discrete parametrization methods, a method for reducing the impact of cure-induced distortion of composite parts in manufacturing; and methods for handling uncertainty to ensure robustness of optimized designs. The focus has been to extend the SO methodology to handle material uncertainty associated with the mechanical properties of composite materials. An uncertainty parametrization was developed for the stiffness properties of a composite material based on a worst-case, or deterministic, approach. Using this parametrization, an uncertainty quantification was performed to investigate the influence of material uncertainty on the performance of optimized composite structures, indicating that the effect can be significant. Combining a discrete parametrization method with the uncertainty quantification, a deterministic method for handling material uncertainty in SO of composite structures was then proposed. This method consists of a min-max optimizat, Kompositmaterial har väldigt goda styvhets- och hållfasthetsegenskaper samt låg vikt jämfört med exempelvis metaller. Dessa egenskaper tillsammans med möjligheten att skräddarsy de mekaniska egenskaperna hos kompositstrukturer har varit de främsta skälen till att välja kompositmaterial vid tillverkning av strukturella komponenter. Utveckling av kompositstrukturer styrs av ett stort antal faktorer kopplat till materialval, design och tillverkning som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till. Ett sätt att hantera detta är att använda strukturoptimering (SO) för att generera kompositstrukturer med önskade mekaniska egenskaper. Vid tillämpning av SO tas oftast ingen hänsyn till osäkerhet i indata till optimeringsproblemet, vilket medför att prestandan hos den optimerade strukturen kan vara känslig för variation i indata. Då kompositmaterial kan uppvisa en betydande variation i de mekaniska egenskaperna är det viktigt att denna osäkerhet tas med i formuleringen av optimeringsproblemet för att säkerställa robustheten hos strukturen. Denna avhandling behandlar utveckling av SO-metoder för design av komposit-strukturer. Tonvikten i arbetet har varit att utveckla metoder som tar hänsyn till materialosäkerhet i kompositmaterial, och därmed förbättra robustheten hos optimerade designer. Första steget i detta arbete är utvecklingen av en ny teknik för diskret designparametrisering, kallad Hyperbolic Function Parametrization (HFP), vilken möjliggör simultan optimering av topologi och materialval för kompositstrukturer. Tekniken använder filter baserade på hyperboliska funktioner för att generera diskreta designvariabler som behandlar kompositdesignen. Vidare utvecklas en teknik för osäkerhetsparametrisering som inkluderar variation av styvhetsegenskaperna hos kompositmaterial. Denna teknik baseras på en deterministisk, värsta-fallsformulering. Tekniken tillämpas för osäkerhets-kvantifiering genom att undersöka inverkan av materialosäkerhet på prestandan hos optimerade kompositstrukturer. D, Funding: The research papers included in the dissertation have been funded as follows: Papers I and II received funding from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) through grant agreement PV08.000.02. Papers III and V-VI received funding from the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) through grant agreement P48175-1. Paper IV received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking under the EUs Horizon 2020 program through grant agreement 716864. Paper VII received funding from the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) through grant agreements 2022-01200 and 2022-20565.

This conceptual paper argues that there are unrealized benefits from a cross-fertilization between research on sustainable tourism and sustainability transitions studies. With the aim to stimulate such cross-fertilization, the paper identifies three contemporary streams in sustainability transitions studies that are particularly relevant for sustainable tourism: deep transitions, transitions in practice, and the geography of transitions. These three streams present complementary perspectives, which can help reach a more nuanced understanding of transition processes in the tourism sector. The paper concludes that while research on sustainable tourism can benefit from theories, concepts, and frameworks from research on sustainability transitions, research on sustainable tourism can support further conceptual developments in sustainability transitions studies., The future of event and meeting industry for transport effective society

Resilient performance is a crucial characteristic of complex socio-technical systems, enabling them to sustain essential functionality during changing or stressful conditions. Resilience Engineering (RE), a sub-field of safety research, focuses on this perspective of resilience. RE emphasises its “cornerstone model”, presenting the REsystem goals of “anticipating, monitoring, responding and learning”. The cornerstone of learning remains fragmented and undertheorized in the existing literature. This paper aims to enrich RE research and its practical implications by developing a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the role of learning from resilient performance. To achieve this aim, a scoping literature review was conducted to assess how learning is conceptualised in the RE literature and the theoretical foundations on which previous work rests. The main findings show that RE researchers view learning as the process of understanding the system, sharing knowledge, and re-designing system properties. The application of established learning theories is limited. This paper contributes to research by proposing an organisational process for the RE cornerstone of learning, paving the way for deeper discussions in future studies about learning from resilient performance within complex sociotechnical systems.

The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to research a few key concepts which are important in the development of high efficiency electric drives. The selected research method is quantitative, the raw data have been collected from real world measurements, both from powerlab and from train. The data is analysed and the results are presented in the thesis and associated papers. The paper in this thesis describes and evaluates the impact of SiC MOSFET inverters on the traction drive. Furthermore, the papers go into depth about losses within the traction drive and how the electromagnetic noise depends on both the inverter switching frequency and pulse width modulation method. In the papers, results from low fidelity models of both losses and noise are presented, these models offer greater insight into the mechanism behind both losses and electromagnetic noise. Understanding how the motor harmonic losses depends on the current distribution in conductors, can contribute to improved designs of both motors and inverters. An understanding of how electromagnetic noise increases when voltage harmonics coincide with the mechanical modes of resonance of the electric motor, can further contribute to improved designs of both inverters and motors. The thesis concludes that when SiC based MOSFETs inverters makes its debut into everyday trains, we can expect significant increases in energy efficiency as well as significantly reductions in electromagnetic noise.

The energy transition towards sustainable resources is more urgent than ever given the environmental and geopolitical challenges. Being one of the major energy users, cities need to understand their energy sector to accomplish its transition, by means of data. However, data are not easily accessible and have their own challenges. This paper presents a joint effort between researchers, city representatives and industry to provide an urban system service that supports research, accelerates urban innovation, and involves the community. An energy data portal, “NRGYHUB”, has been developed, where hourly data from thousands of energy meters are available. These meters were collected from neighborhoods in the city of Västerås, Sweden, and they measure electrical and heating energy. In addition, the data are complemented by geometrical and non-geometrical information of the buildings, as well as demographic statistics of the areas. The paper describes the process of data collection, preprocessing, and visualization, in addition to the main challenges and limitations of the project. This dataset can be used for energy use benchmarking, prediction, and analysis.