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A low cost linear electric actuator with the well-established PID controller has been controlled in this research work. Digital pulses from the Hall Effect sensor feedback mechanism of the electric actuator is utilized by the PID controller to track the displacement of the Actuator-piston towards the target position. Real-time experiments carried out in LABVIEW interfaced with Arduino-UNO with steady state response as step motions to get responses which are useful in modern industrial automation. The precise control of responses have been demonstrated in this work by a number of real-time experiments with different amplitudes as 76 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 152 mm of extension and retraction motion of step responses. The sinusoidal motion with different amplitude and frequencies also have been studied. The step and sinusoidal responses have different types of industrial applications like for lifting, leaning, positioning etc. Controlled Linear Electric Actuator can replace the use of expensive electrohydraulic actuators with costly hydraulic power pack and valves in parallel manipulator for low payload manufacturing applications. The control parameters as IAE (Integral Absolute Error), ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) and CE (Control Effort) for each responses have been observed to study the effectiveness of the controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a vital technology with a wide range of applications, from environmental monitoring to industrial automation. These networks consist of numerous small, low-power sensor nodes that collaborate to collect and transmit data to a central base station. WSNs are essential for large-scale and high-density applications, but they often encounter coverage holes due to random node deployment. There are many such reasons of energy wastage in WSN, to address these issues and enhance network performance, we propose energy efficient algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In our approach, particles work collectively to solve the optimization problem, similar to how birds flock. Our algorithm significantly improves coverage rate as cluster heads are not chosen randomly. Various parameters are considered to identify an energy-efficient cluster head. We aim to develop a routing algorithm that dynamically adapts to the changing network conditions and minimizes energy consumption. Each particle in the PSO swarm represents a potential routing path, and the algorithm iteratively updates these paths to find an optimal route that conserves energy while meeting the data transmission requirements. This reduces energy consumption, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the WSN. Thus, PSO can contribute to extending the overall lifetime of the network by conserving energy of sensor nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of industrial automation, the control of direct current (DC) motors in noisy environments faces issues. Traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control struggles when dealing with complex non-linear problems. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore advanced control methods which integrate deep learning to achieve more effective solutions. The paper proposes a novel DC motor control strategy that combines Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with deep learning and assesses its performance against the Multiresolution Proportional-Integral-Derivative (MRPID) approach. By examining the deficiencies in PID control, the improvements offered by MRPID, and the latent capability of deep learning in noise suppression, two control systems have been developed: One wavelet-based MRPID, and another that fuses DWT, neural networks, and PID into a hybrid control system. By simulation experiment, the capability of the two systems in a noise-pervasive environment was tested and compared. Results suggest that despite the prognostic potential of the new control system, its performance improvements are not substantively significant in comparison to the MRPID method. Moreover, the system exhibits certain deficits when addressing specific types of interference, such as step signals. This study explores the prospects and limitations of the application of deep learning in DC motor control. It suggests the necessity to refine and optimize systems combining advanced control algorithms with deep learning, aiming to bolster their adaptability and intelligence levels in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control guarantees dependable operational efficiency in the intelligence era. Effective PID control systems are becoming more and more necessary in a variety of industrial, human, and natural settings as PID technology develops. As a result, intelligent control based on PID technology has emerged alongside the automation of industrial production. For example, The aim of this development is to increase manufacturing efficiency by controlling temperature and humidity intelligently. In addition, the increasing popularity of smart homes has led to a desire to integrate intelligent control outside of traditional family settings in order to create more comfortable living places. This entails making exact modifications while taking other heating or cooling equipment into account and adhering to current air quality requirements. At the same time, people are attempting to integrate PID control with other control rules or algorithms, such as fuzzy PID control and adaptive PID control, to achieve better performance in more complex environments. This article mainly explores the principles, application scenarios, and future prospects of PID control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial robotic arm, a critical component in enhancing productivity, has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. A paramount area of study in this field is the stability of the robotic arm, a crucial factor in its control and efficient operation in industrial settings. This article introduces a standardized approach to address the dynamic equation of robotic arms with varying degrees of freedom (DOF) using the classical Lagrange method. The Lagrange method, renowned for its precision and reliability, provides a robust framework for analyzing and solving complex dynamic equations in robotics. To demonstrate the practical application of this methodology, the paper presents a case study of a two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. This example delves into executing Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control and conducting simulations using MATLAB Simulink. The primary objective is to identify the optimal PID control parameters that would ensure efficient and stable motion in a hypothetical robotic linkage system. Through these simulations, the paper aims to shed light on the intricacies of robotic motion control and pave the way for more advanced and stable industrial robotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology allows the automation of tasks and greatly advances the industrial revolution. There are numerous applications of nanotechnologies in various industries. Some of them are in the electronics, pharmaceutical industries, packing papers and printing, food and beverages industries, paper and pulp industries, textile industries, and construction industries. In nanotechnology, there are so many different Nano devices like smart semiconductor nanocrystal, carbon Nano tube, graphene, nanoscale CMOS devices etc. In this review paper, fabrication technology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been explained. Techniques for fabricating carbon nanotubes have been described. The advantages of Nano devices in the future manufacturing and industrial applications by automation of systems are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to promote safe collaboration in shared office environments using compact and user-friendly robotic arms. Unlike traditional industrial robots, the robot is lighter, smaller, and can operate safely alongside people with minimal safety precautions. Its intuitive programming interfaces enable easy configuration, whether through graphical interfaces or physical assistance. The robotic arm can handle various tasks, from simple pick-and-place operations to complex assembly, welding, or quality control tasks. This paper describes a process for developing, putting into practice, and assessing a robotic arm system that is integrated with an Arduino UNO controller and a remote-control smartphone application. We first conduct a detailed analysis of robotic arm technology, covering its components, uses, and functions. Next, we use Autodesk for design, which allows us to visualize the gripper's functioning and the arm's range of motion in detail. The robotic arm, programmed in Embedded C, can be precisely controlled. Bluetooth connectivity improves user accessibility through a smartphone application. Extensive testing guarantees system resilience, and practical evaluations direct required improvements. By sensing and distributing the necessary medication, this arm control reduces human error in the delivery of medications in accordance with doctor's prescriptions. It is used in pharmacies. This approach offers a concise framework for future research in robotic arm technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industry needs the ability of electrical engineers to program PLC-based industrial automation systems. Training this ability requires a simulator to visualize designs/plants in 3D and relate to real industrial contexts. To make teaching participants understand PLC-based control systems more accessible, we created a 3D visualization simulator for the induction motor speed control system as a conveyor drive. This article discusses designing and constructing an induction motor speed control system simulator as a conveyor drive. Conveyor visualization using factory IO software with real input from PLC is connected in a closed loop with VSD, induction motor, and encoder. This simulator teaches how to determine optimal Proportional and Integral (PI) controlling parameters and analysis of system response when there is a change in load on the conveyor. As a result, based on a series of tests, the 3D simulator of the closed-loop system for controlling the speed of the induction motor on the conveyor is functioning correctly. Optimal PI parameters are 20 and 12, respectively. The design responds to load changes to return to the setpoint condition average 11 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing networking and digitalization in the industrial framework down to the lowest levels of production processes are the basis and driving force for innovations and changes that go hand in hand with developments in the area of Industry 4.0 and Smart Factory solutions. The classic Product Development Process (PDP) based on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems appears static and inflexible in the face of increasingly agile and flexible customer requirements. This increasing pressure to optimize, mostly for market reasons, is causing a fundamental change in the global manufacturing landscape in medium-sized and large companies. The implementation of robot systems in an automated manufacturing process must therefore be adapted to this development by a new agile concept [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an autonomous ground mobile robot for the detection of disease in a watermelon for the reason that in case of a monitoring system the ground robot will be able to provide multitudes of accurate sensor data than a drone because it being directly on top of the plant. As in comparison to IoT environment which has a vast set of sensors available for usage, the ground robot provides a mobile system that responds to the dynamically changing environment, i.e., the field as well as a more agile and inexpensive alternative to an IoT environment. The implications of this research are vast as it showcases an example for sensor fusion and collecting and processing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the world of computing, offering promising solutions to the ever-increasing demand for low-latency, high-performance, and data-intensive applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of edge computing technologies, delving into its architecture, various applications, challenges, and future perspectives. The study includes a meticulous analysis of seven seminal papers in the field, providing insights from leading researchers. We discuss the foundational aspects of edge computing, examining its architecture, which encompasses edge devices, edge nodes, and the cloud, and elucidate the critical role it plays in optimizing data processing and reducing network congestion. Furthermore, we investigate numerous applications across multiple domains, including IoT, autonomous automobiles, healthcare, as well as industrial automation, highlighting how edge computing is revolutionizing these sectors. Nevertheless, we also address the challenges and limitations associated with edge computing, including security, scalability, and resource constraints. Looking ahead, we delve into the future perspectives of edge computing, discussing potential advancements, research directions, and the role of emerging technologies like 5G and AI in shaping its trajectory. In conclusion, this paper offers a comprehensive understanding of edge computing technologies, their current status, and the exciting possibilities they hold for the future of computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid evolution of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology marks a pivotal moment in the realm of wireless communication, promising to bring transformative changes across a spectrum of industries and applications. In this research paper, we embark on a journey through the exhilarating landscape of Li-Fi's potential, where the convergence of innovative technology and cutting-edge research points toward a future where high-speed, secure wireless communication is no longer a vision but a tangible reality. Li-Fi's remarkable capability to harness visible light for data transmission has ignited imaginations and piqued the interest of technologists and visionaries alike. The applications of Li-Fi extend far beyond conventional communication. As we delve deeper into its potential across domains, we uncover its transformative impact on smart cities, where Li-Fi could enable ultra-efficient, interconnected systems, reducing energy consumption, enhancing public services, and redefining urban living. In the healthcare sector, Li-Fi offers the promise of enhancing patient care through reliable and high-speed data transfer, potentially revolutionizing the way medical professionals' access and exchange critical information. Within the industrial landscape, Li-Fi has the potential to empower automation and industrial processes with its low latency and interference-resistant properties, fundamentally reshaping how industries operate and communicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been always cases of medical failures leading to the loss of life. Thus, there has always been researching for improving the medical diagnosis of the patients. Thus, various technologies are being introduced in all the fields to improve the process. These include the automation technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing, etc. These technologies have given a revolutionizing approach to the improvement of the processes. In this paper, various technologies that are adopted in Industry 4.0 are reviewed for their application in the medical field. The technologies of industry 4.0 have made a great approach to the improvement of diagnosis of the patients. In addition to this, the maintenance strategies for industry 4.0 are also reviewed in the various reports and research papers. These technologies which are introduced with the advent of industry 4.0 are also difficult to maintain. These technologies are complex and include various parts that need constant attention. These technologies need special expertise and training to operate and maintain. The technologies need to properly and timely schedule the maintenance operations to keep a constant touch with the company experts. These technologies need to perform the FMEA and FEA tools to keep the proper record of the failures. The newer design tools like the software tools have made the analysis of the different parts of the machines easier. The designs made on this software have made the study of the newer machines easier. These tools have also made the life of the medical workers easier. In this paper, the importance, and applications of the various industry 4.0 technologies are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A machine that automatically completes tasks is called an intelligent mobile robot. It can be controlled by a person, can carry out pre-programmed tasks, and can follow a set of rules based on artificial intelligence technology. Its job is to support or take the place of human labor in hazardous or production-related jobs. Mobile robots play a significant role in today's society, such as AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) trolleys in laboratories and material handling robots in logistics warehouses. SLAM is an acronym for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, which is mostly used to address the issue of locating a mobile robot while it is operating in an unfamiliar environment and creating a map of that environment. The realization of autonomous navigation is an important direction for the intelligent development of mobile robots, and SLAM technology is the key to the autonomous navigation technology of mobile robots. Combining these two technologies can significantly advance mobile robotics. This thesis focuses on the classification of SLAM technology using different transducers and the principle of related algorithms, analyses some of the problems existing in this technology at this stage and predicts the future development trend, which can provide technical and methodological references for the mobile robot development manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of intelligent robots, the requirements for robot response speed and control accuracy continue to rise. Field-Oriented Control is widely used to control the joint motors of robots. It is also called vector control. Compared with the six-step commutation method, it can control the torque and speed of the motor more accurately. In Field-Oriented Control, traditional PID control plays a feedback role. It can adjust the current value to control the torque and speed to ensure the stability of the system. However, in real life, when the robot is in different motion states, its working status is different. Traditional PID control has poor adaptability and robustness to changes. Therefore, multi-modal control is required for the motor control of the robot. In this paper, MATLAB is used to optimize traditional PID control, and fuzzy logic algorithms are added to make the system highly robust and adaptive. The simulation results show that the FOC control system based on fuzzy PID control has faster response speed, higher accuracy, and better robustness than the general FOC control system. As the demand for automation and intelligence continues to rise in the future, the FOC control system based on fuzzy PID control has higher precision, good stability, and adaptability, which can improve the control of industrial robots, autonomous driving, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This academic paper explores the complex utilization of integrated task and motion planning (ITMP) in multi-robot systems. Given the rapid advancement of robotics and automation, multi-robot systems have gained increasing attention in various applications, such as smart manufacturing, logistics storage, environmental surveillance, and dual or multi-armed robotic platforms. The fusion of task and motion planning has become a key technology in the development of multi-robot systems. Initially, the paper suggests numerous strategies to integrate task and motion data to improve planning efficiency, thus boosting the motion planning efficiency of robots during task execution. It then investigates the use of learning techniques, such as reinforcement learning and deep learning, to enhance task and motion planning. Ultimately, it presents experimental evidence to support the claim that the integration of task and motion planning can effectively increase the efficiency of multi-robot systems and optimize their performance. The paper also examines modeling methods for multi-robot systems, typically incorporating task data with motion data to better guide robots during task execution. It presents shared space graph methods, sample-based planning methods, and market-based methods. Furthermore, it reviews learning models used to train and optimize machine learning models in ITMP. It introduces the INFORMED algorithm, a learning search issue in the field of task and motion planning that employs multilayer perceptron (MLP) and graph neural networks (GNN) to model relationships between streams and objects. Through this paper, the authors aim to offer valuable insights for the research and application of ITMP in multi-robot systems, thereby promoting further progress in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the constant development of Industry 4.0, robotics technology keeps advancing. Correspondingly, people's requirements for robots have become higher. Robots are required to not only realize general linear motion and complex curved motion, but also to have finer control, more stable motion, and to realize the trajectory planning of the specified path. Many previous industrial robots' gripping and handling were planned separately for different parts, which made the operation process cumbersome. Therefore, in this paper, the KUKA youBot robot is used as a research object to study the problem of robotic grasping and handling of materials, to derive a stable model for grasping and handling. In this paper, the robot is modeled and analyzed in terms of forward and inverse kinematics. The interpolation algorithm is used to plan the trajectory of the end of the robot arm during the whole process and also to get the data of each joint and wheel. Finally, the data of each joint and wheel are transferred by a simulator to the robot in Coppeliasim to complete the simulation of grasping and handling of cubes. The simulation achieves stable operation and overall planning. It is inspiring and provides a viable model for real-world robot grasping and handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robotic arm in industrial automation offers several advantages, including high precision, efficiency, safety, flexibility, increased automation levels, data recording and analysis capabilities, space savings, consistent production, and improved working conditions for employees. In the design and analysis of a robotic structure of an arm, forward and inverse kinematics, workspace analysis, and motion trajectory planning are closely related aspects. This paper focuses on the structural design of a 4R four-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, presenting a mathematical model for its kinematics based on the principles of kinematics and employing the traditional DH algorithm. Furthermore, the correctness of the model is verified using MATLAB and the Robotics Toolbox, providing joint angle, velocity, acceleration, and time relationship curves, as well as path trajectories. Additionally, a Monte Carlo method is applied to analyze the workspace of the robotic arm. The simulation results align with the derived mathematical formulas, in addition, the motion response characteristics and workspace characteristics of the end effector of the robotic arm are obtained, and application suggestions are given, concluding with recommendations for practical implementation. This provides a reference for the design and application of similar robotic arms. Laying the foundation for subsequent motion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of industrial robots and machine vision-related technologies, intelligent mobile robotic arms have been increasingly used in people's production lives. Object grasping and handling is the most typical application of mobile robotic arms in various production activities. Therefore, developing efficient, stable, accurate, and flexible mobile robotic arms to complete grasping and handling operations autonomously is vital. However, traditional robotic arms cannot be widely used in randomized and complex fields due to the limitations of their physical characteristics. This project aims to design a vision-based mobile robotic arm system with grasping and handling functions that can be used in complex fields and split into two parts: Simulation of the mobile robotic arm and training for the target recognition algorithm. In actual use, the object detection accuracy rate of 90% can be detected by the object accurately gripping and handling, suitable for high-volume industrial production of multiple types of material gripping and handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SCARA robotic manipulators (Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arms) find wide use in industry. A non-linear optimal control approach is proposed for the dynamic model of the 4-DOF SCARA robotic manipulator. The dynamic model of the SCARA robot undergoes approximate linearization around a temporary operating point that is recomputed at each time-step of the control method. The linearization relies on Taylor series expansion and on the associated Jacobian ma-trices. For the linearized state-space model of the system a stabilizing optimal (H-infinity) feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller's feedback gains an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each iteration of the control algorithm. The stability properties of the control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus has taken the lives of many and has increased the demand for new and innovative medical and testing equipment. In addition to that, the longing to retain normalcy, during these difficult times, is also required. Industry 4.0 is the contemporary phase of the Industrial revolution whose backbone is 'cyber-physical' systems. It is automation of the conventional industrial and manufacturing processes using the latest technology. This paper aims to show an in-depth evaluation done on the technologies of industry 4.0 and their implementation during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also gives an overview of the major technologies used and their range of operation, towards making societies better and saving lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, industrial robots are widely used in industrial facades of production. One of the main performance elements of such robots is the electromagnetic mechatron module. The management of this module is based on a fully distributed or decentralized management structure. The control algorithm proposed in this article has a number of advantages over contour and positional control types of electromagnetic mechatronic modules in the structure of the executive element in industrial robots, which are mainly related to the form of providing information signals. Including, the generalized structural scheme of control of the electromagnetic mechatronic module execution elements of the kinematic link of industrial robots is presented. Based on the generalized structural scheme of the control, the control algorithm of the linear and angular reversible step movements of the electromagnetic mechatronic module based on the linear actuators as the actuators of the industrial robots is presented with high accuracy and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Industry 4.0 has been advancing significantly in the last years, the upgrade of Legacy systems is still a reality that needs to be attended to due to their large presence in developing countries. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a continuation of previous research to increase knowledge and improve efficacy of a Node-RED / OPC-UA based IIoT automation solution for a Festo FMS Legacy System with S7-300 PLC's. This paper will focus on scaling and adding new stations, as well as improving the existing structure for future upgrades. At the end, the results showed a possible scenario to keep using Node-RED and OPC-UA with some reservations as well as future possible work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automation and Robotics for Digital Economy: A survey, offers a comprehensive examination of the transformative influence of autonomous and robotic strategies in engineering on the evolution of the digital economy. Employing a systematic literature survey, the research explores the historical milestones and technological shifts leading to contemporary automation, highlighting the integration's complex effects on sectors, including productivity growth, efficiency, and creativity. Key themes encompass the symbiotic relationship between robotics and innovation, the imperative of continuous development for competitiveness, and ethical considerations crucial for the responsible application of automation and artificial intelligence. Emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, adaptive education, and ethical frameworks, this study provides insights essential for ensuring a fair and sustainable integration of robotics and automation in engineering, shaping the trajectory of the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this modern era, Automated machines are about to migrate from factories and manufacturing industries to the building and construction industries as a result of rapid technological advances which enables them to perform complex task. Construction industry is facing issues like decling profit, low work productivity in construction, a high mishap rate, low quality, deficient control of building site, etc. In order to solve these issues Automation and Robotics is presented.A quantitative approach was done to collect data by case studies. The data is analysed to investigate various aspects of using automation like quality, cost, time, safety and productivity. The results showed that using automation in construction has positive impact in reducing cost, saving time, improving quality and increasing the productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industries have experienced the benefits of applying lean and agile or leagile (combining both lean and agile manufacturing systems), which can help organizations achieve their strategic goals, such as competitiveness, productivity, profitability, high customer service levels, and survival, by improving overall performance. Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have received much attention in the operations management literature, and they need to be widely implemented in manufacturing systems. In contrast, despite several papers reporting research on leagile manufacturing systems, implementation of leagile manufacturing systems in practice has been slow. A summary of the literature review for some case studies from 2013 to 2022 was used in this paper to define the current manufacturer's product quality goals through various case studies implemented in multiple manufacturing systems. According to the findings, the majority of researchers are interested in implementing lean and agile manufacturing in flow (mass) systems (34.9 %), batch systems (30.5 %), and job shop and continuous production systems (17.3 %) attained a lower level of research interest and implemented based on these studies. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that all of the enterprises studied had implemented the most common and widely used leagile tools (i.e., JIT, TQM, 5S, Kanban, TPM, VSM, Kaizen, Poka Yoka, RP, 5S, SMED, modern manufacturing techniques, robotics and automation, administration policy, experience and skills of employees, GT, innovation and R&D, organizational culture, management leadership, simulation, and collaboration). However, not all businesses had used the leagile tools, the degree of implementation varied for each. Results show that JIT (69.5%), TQM (60.8%), TPM (39.1%), and collaboration (34.7%) are the tools used to implement leagile manufacturing the most. Kanban and Kaizen are achieving the exact percentages of (26.08%), 5S and VSM are achieving the same percentage of (21.7%), RP (13.04%), and Poka Yoka is achieving the lowest percentage (8.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major contribution of this paper is shows how to control the speed of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by using Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller. In this work, proposed PID controller is used in both speed and current feedback loops to control the speed and torque respectively. The proposed PID controller having the advantages which are less oscillatory response, less overshoots and takes less settling time for the speed response compared with existing PID controller used in speed control loop. The PMSM drive is used in electric vehicle, electric traction, robotics and industrial dive applications. The PMSM having the salient features which are high efficiency, high torque density, low torque ripple, high power density and robust construction compare to dc, induction, Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) and Brush Less Direct Current (BLDC) motors. In this paper, the proposed PID controller is developed based on Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy is well used to achieve the good speed response of PMSM drive using MATLAB R2019b/Simulink software. The proposed PID controller provides an excellent steady state and dynamic speed response in terms of rise time, peak time, settling time and overshoots. In addition, proposed PID controller has overcome the drawbacks of Proportional (P) and Proportional Integral (PI) controllers. The P and PI controllers which process only first order unstable systems can be stabilized and higher order processes cannot be stabilized respectively. These controllers compromised if the system dynamics change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper examines the integration of robotic automation in production and its potential benefits for businesses. The paper presents the results of a study that analyzed the impact of robotic automation on productivity, product quality, and cost savings for three different production lines. The study found that the implementation of robotic automation systems led to significant improvements in productivity and cost savings, as well as a decrease in defect rates. However, the study also highlights important factors that must be considered when deciding whether to integrate robotic automation into production, including the initial investment cost, the need for skilled workers, and the potential impact on workers. The paper concludes that while the integration of robotic automation in production is a complex issue that requires careful consideration, businesses that are able to successfully integrate these systems into their production processes can gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace, leading to increased profitability and long-term sustainability, but proper planning and implementation are key to ensuring success. for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A suggestion has been made to utilize model of friction on artificial grass in relation to the locomotion of a humanoid robot and other movements. Humanoid robot with a sole on four studs considered. The model is considering stud's diameter and some general coefficients of the grass surface. The resultant force and resultant moment for resistance forces exerted by grass calculated with some assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) has shown that robots can leverage implicit communicative signals from users to understand how they are being perceived during interactions. For example, these signals can be gaze patterns, facial expressions, or body motions that reflect internal human states. To facilitate future research in this direction, we contribute the \textttREACT database, a collection of two datasets of human-robot interactions that display users' natural reactions to robots during a collaborative game and a photography scenario. Further, we analyze the datasets to show that interaction history is an important factor that can influence human reactions to robots. As a result, we believe that future models for interpreting implicit feedback in HRI should explicitly account for this history. \textttREACT opens up doors to this possibility in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is a factor that is becoming more prominent in human robot interaction research. Only few approaches so far tackle the challenge of data-driven trust assessment. In this paper, we present a data set consisting of motion tracking data from an industrial human robot collaboration task. The data is collected during a trust manipulation experiment that has been designed to elicit different trust levels in the participants. Additionally, participants filled out a standard trust questionnaire. The data set allows for developing and testing data-driven trust assessment algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A library serves as a repository of knowledge accessible to individuals of all ages, genders, educational backgrounds, social statuses, and economic levels. It stands as a communal space where community members can gather, bridging information disparities among various societal strata. To enhance accessibility to such libraries for a broader spectrum of people, we have introduced the CollaBot system. This system offers tailored services to users through the collaboration of robots. Our investigation encompassed the acceptance of robot types by users, robot characterization, and the prioritization of robot-provided services. Over the course of three stages of user evaluation, it became evident that participants preferred product-type robots over anthropomorphic robots. Furthermore, they expressed a preference for robots that assist other robots, even if these assisting robots exhibit clumsiness, as opposed to robots that exclusively excel in their designated tasks. Lastly, service prioritization varied based on the specific limitations or deficiencies faced by individual users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robots are ubiquitous in small-to-large-scale manufacturers. While collaborative robots (cobots) have significant potential in these settings due to their flexibility and ease of use, proper integration is critical to realize their full potential. Specifically, cobots need to be integrated in ways that utilize their strengths, improve manufacturing performance, and facilitate use in concert with human workers. Effective integration requires careful consideration and the knowledge of roboticists, manufacturing engineers, and business administrators. We propose an approach involving the stages of planning, analysis, development, and presentation, to inform manufacturers about cobot integration within their facilities prior to the integration process. We contextualize our approach in a case study with an SME collaborator and discuss insights learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the use of robots in public spaces is increasing, still few studies explore the resulting everyday human-robot interactions (HRI). The present study sought to bridge the disparity between real-world interactions and the frequently examined hypothetical interactions. To do so, we investigate the imagined and actual interaction with an ice cream serving robot. In two studies and an exploratory study comparison, we examined user acceptance and preference for the degree of anthropomorphic appearance. Although a typical human service task was taken over by a robot, an industrial robot was preferred according to participants' ratings in both studies. Moreover, both studies demonstrated that robot enthusiasm significantly relates to participants' acceptance of the robot for the task. Besides these commonalities, the results showed also that while humans were preferred over robots in the imagined setting, no clear preference was found in the real-life setting. Additional analyses compared the free text answers of the two studies and provided insights into participants' general attitudes toward robots in the workforce. In line with the higher preferences for humans over robots in the imagined setting, considerably more participants mentioned a better customer experience with humans as important in the imagined study compared to the participants who interacted with the robot. The studies strikingly demonstrated that imaginary settings yield similar outcomes to those where participants physically engage with the robot in certain aspects, such as their preference for anthropomorphism. However, this phenomenon does not appear to hold for other facets, such as their favored service agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, many companies are competing to produce robots that can help humans. Robots can work with high accuracy, efficiency, and low power in the production of goods. Automated Guided Vehicle is one form of robot that is useful in industry. Automated Cars are another form of functional industrial robot that transports with programmable paths and directions automatically. In this paper, we will discuss the navigation system in Automatic Cars based on previously mapped paths. The robot wheel serves to adjust the direction and position of the robot. The automatic movement can be carried out using computer vision. Warehouses that are not neatly arranged cause the navigation system to be less than optimal. The types of controllers used include classical controllers, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and H∞. The purpose of this research is to produce a precise car front view monitoring system using image processing with high enough quality for automatic car navigation. The benefit for science is the development of automatic cars, which so far have not been widely carried out in Indonesia. The results of this study can be useful for the development of methods to build an automatic car system. The benefit for the electronics industry is the availability of control equipment designs to be able to control cars automatically. The effect on society is in the form of future vehicles that can move automatically without a driver. Based on the computer vision system test for Raspberry Pi-based car navigation, it can be ascertained that the car works well and has a small physique, so it looks neat and concise. The movement of the car from the first coordinate point to the next coordinate point is very precise and precise. By installing the L298N motor driver module, it is easier to set the program in python, so that the results sent to the DC motor can be used directly. Using a DC motor that has an excellent performance in terms of torque and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial robots cover most of the field of technology and are most successfully applied in machining, in motion modelling, in capturing and moving objects of research. In recent times, the complexity and variety of industrial robots and robotic manipulators have increased significantly. These are purposefully designed to attain a much greater level of independence than what is seen in conventional mechanical manipulators. In this article the classification of different configurations of manipulators and analysis of manipulators with artificial vision on the existing research of scientists is conducted. Also, the article analyzes the development of a manipulator with six degrees of freedom and the use of analytical methods to analyze the geometric structure of 3D data for optimal object recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the main problems in operating SCARA robots in the semiconductor industry. Different groups of existing problems, related to vacuum environments are identified, including ones, justifying the need for separation of the robot's working area, for limiting the vacuum pressure in the chamber, avoiding the contamination of the working area etc. The physical changes occurring in the robots during their operation in vacuum are discussed. The existing methods for solving the identified problems, described in the literature, are presented in detail, taking into account the specifics of each of the five groups of methods, namely the ones, related to the use of static or dynamic vacuum barriers, to prevention of external and virtual leaks, to materials and surface finishes etc. The problems arising in the application of the described methods are considered and guidelines for their overcoming, based on suitable choice of elements, their geometry, old and newly developed materials, ways of their processing, high quality of surface finish, welding methods and others are commented. The ways for reducing the penetration of particles into the vacuum environment, caused both by the nature of the materials used in robot manufacture and by the peculiarities of the vacuum environment are well explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High demand for food around the world and growing population are influencing the climate as well as degrading farming efficiency. Agriculture is viewed as an essential part of food security as well as national development. With the rising population, Agri-food requests are developing and representing the need to change from conventional agriculture techniques to advanced ones; also called Agriculture 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 is a customary platform of advanced techniques that can help world agriculture systems with arising innovations that upgrade all phases of the agricultural production and value chain. This study highlights the need for Agriculture 4.0. Further, discuss the enabling technologies of Agriculture 4.0. Five arising innovations, specifically, the Internet of Things, Robotics and Automation, Artificial –intelligence, big data examination, and blockchain, toward Agribusiness 4.0 are discussed thoroughly. In particular, key applications new advancements in agriculture, and related difficulties have been discussed in the study. The present study helps the researchers and practitioners of the agriculture sector to understand and adopt Agriculture 4.0 more easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotics exploits a combination of various electrical, mechanical as well as different methods such as computation, intelligence and development in existing and upcoming new technologies. With the increasing growth of robotics and automation the industries are able to develop various technologies globally. Various robots have been designed to assist human beings for both industrial as well as non-industrial tasks. The goal of the project primarily focuses on mounting a robotic arm along with a camera and a cart-cum-tray on a four-wheel chassis making it compatible to move in all directions. The arm is controlled via Bluetooth using an android smart phone in order to pick and place objects. The camera is used to capture the videos and images functionally. The cart-cum-tray acts as a storage area on the chassis for storing objects in bulk. The aim of this project is to design a prototype that will help and assist humans in their day to day lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

printing (3DP) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The application of 3D printing in the building industry sector is carried out for highspeed construction methods. This paper will explain the design of a miniature 3D concrete printer (3DCP) for a one-story house building. The printing of a one-story building is intended so that there is no need to add supporting materials when printing, and also the manufacture of concrete mixtures is done manually. This miniature 3D concrete printer design is based on a tower crane and cascade lift arm, this robot program is based on opensource 3D printing firmware. It also makes the robot easy to move and the height of the robot can be extended depending on the height of the object being printed. Compared to 3D printers with cartesian robots, this robot design has advantages in terms of printing area and movability. We believe that this work will bring many benefits to the building industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various numbers of the Flexible Robot Gripper are used in different aspects of our life which use especially in industrial robotics. This article studies the design and optimizationof a soft gripper for material handling using a robotic arm which is one of soft robotics and has beneficial uses in our life. Every gripper consists of a different module it depends on the needof these grippers. The study focuses on the evolution of soft robotics and their interactions, aswell as how, as a result of the technological revolution, they have become so familiar and evennecessary in our lives. Moreover, This Study presents the two-way 3D fluid-structure interaction simulation model for the pneumatic actuator for the soft gripper by using the software program Ansys workbench. In this study, the model allows for investigation of the fluid flow behavior inside the actuator, and Insight into velocity profiles, flow-through, and pressure generation is presented in the soft gripper.in this study, we also proposed the use of sensors in actuators to measure the gripper forces between the object and the soft gripper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the absolute positioning accuracy of a robotic arm is crucial to assess the feasibility of certain tasks. In evaluating the feasibility, a robot manipulator as well as a possibly external sensing system must be chosen. In choosing a robot arm, lightweight robots are often preferred because they require less safety precautions, but they can also be less accurate compared to a stiff industrial robot. A stiff industrial robot resists external loads better, resulting in a higher accuracy with payload or process forces, and oscillates less in motions. Additionally, typical robot inaccuracies must be considered: (i) absolute positioning errors due to kinematic model errors, (ii) error due to resonance or external forces, (iii) path-following errors from limitations in the dynamic model and control. For tasks where the goal object has an unknown or varying pose, its pose can be measured with a vision system and used to compensate the robot motion. When the measurement and compensation is done continuously, it realizes closed-loop visual servoing. This can reduce the absolute error, but only the components of the error which are of a low frequency relative to the motion control bandwidth of the robot. To evaluate whether a specific robot can meet a certain accuracy requirements with a visual servoing system, better understanding about the characteristics of the robot error is needed. For example, the frequency distribution of the robot error can indicate what proportion can be compensated with closed loop control – only that less than the position bandwidth of the robot (typically 3-7 Hz). Datasheets typically provide the accuracy value only for repeatability while the accuracy during motion and the influence of dynamic effects are ignored. If the endeffector oscillates during motion causing a positional error and at which frequency is typically not reported – leaving unanswered, if it can be compensated by control. The contribution of this paper is the experimental evaluation of an absolute accuracy during the robot motion, towards evaluating the accuracy with a visual servoing system. A tracker system is used to collect the motion data of a CNC milling machine, a Universal Robots UR5, and an industrial robot (Comau Racer7-1.4) under various motion speeds. The frequency distribution and histograms of the error are analysed with regard to possible sources and the suitability to reduction with visual servoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the Industry 4.0 paradigm, flexible manufacturing systems are now researched and implemented to allow fast reaction on changing market conditions. The trend leads to the development of low volume and high mixture production. Here, automated guided vehicles (AGV) and autonomous mobile robots (AMR) interconnect machine tools and automated assembly stations. Current integration of mobile robots in industrial manufacturing processes often rely on single solutions by various equipment suppliers that are not compatible with each other. Extending the factory's intra-logistics with additional AGV applications results to raising number of control systems with specific MES-interfaces. To combine different mobile robots into a managed fleet with common master control is difficult and needs a lot of implementation effort. This work contributes with a proposed Unified Control System for Mobile Robots on three layers allowing direct control of robot tasks, single robots or even particular on-board components. The proposed unified interfaces extend the VDA5050 as a common specification towards a fully open mobile robot control system using ROS together with an AAS-based automation middleware BaSys 4.0. The experiments show the feasibility of such distributed control system for mobile robots even in unknown and unstructured environments. Three case studies were carried out to assess the installation time of mobile robots in new applications. This installation time is reduced to 30 minutes including mapping, definition of points-of-interest (POI) as well as first mission design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to summarise the industrial needs relating to the research and development, test-before-invest and life-long learning. The main focus of the research is to increase the utilisation rates of the research and education environments by developing methods to allow access to these for the industry and other stakeholders. The paper starts with the summary of the needs collected from the field. The development of the needed services follows the D-BEST methodology. The paper presents the services catalogue planning and implementation process, and shortly introduces the laboratories where the new investments relating to the services are being deployed. The aim of these services is to bring the research facilities, equipment and expertise to more approachable modules for the SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays Smart world can be deployed along with the Introduction of IoT technology based embedded system implementations for industrial automation and smart homes. The cost effective, flexible, and reliable components of dedicated IoT systems are supporting smart, interactive and easy means of communication in a network. Hence comparative analysis via testing and evaluation of such embedded hardware modules is necessary in multifaceted automation and security areas. Among them the Raspberry Pi is customized small stand-alone computer board. A detailed discussion on prerequisite vital advanced microcontroller development boards, Sensors, Characteristics, and performance issues is made among different typical existing IoT platform prototypes. From these discussions Raspberry Pi is finalized as a cost-effective computer with its interoperability in various domain applications in IoT vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of human society is directly related to the dependence on automation, and we can no longer produce almost anything without industrial automation. Automation is often associated with the industrial field, but automation has penetrated many areas of everyday life. Domains such as environmental protection, global trade, car, naval or rail traffic (increasingly intense), agriculture, construction and last but not least the medical field are some examples in which automation is present and in which they have a decisive role. This studied equipment is part of a technological flow to produce rectified and chromed bars intended to produce rods for hydraulic cylinders. Also, it can be used in two points of the manufacturing flow (translation for the rectification operation, or translation for the packaging operation) and has the role of moving the bars from one production line to another or from the chrome-plating operation to the packaging. The equipment was modelled virtually and checked for correct operation. During operation, there is sometimes a need for a mobile system of the equipment to be able to be positioned in various operating points, an operation that must be performed in the shortest possible time. This repositioning is ensured by a property called controllability. These positionings were performed through virtual simulations of the behaviour of the functional components of the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of 5G New Radio (NR) in Indonesia is expected to be a driver of industrial automation according to the Making Indonesia 4.0 target. The implementation strategy is essential so that the 5G network operates optimally. One of the strategies is network planning. In this study, we propose network planning for 5G New Radio (NR) technology at a frequency of 2300 MHz with a bandwidth of 30 MHz in Sumedang Regency to determine the number of gNodeB needed. This study also considers the feasibility of 2300 MHz with a bandwidth of 30 MHz in terms of data rate parameters. This research utilizes a qualitative approach which is supported by quantitative data. Network planning in this research is divided into capacity planning and coverage planning. The results showed a significant difference in the number of gNodeB in the Sumedang Regency, which was influenced by the type of area. The capacity planning obtained four gNodeB, while the coverage planning obtained 145 gNodeB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of vehicle images, such as cars, using industrial automation technology can aid the police, particularly in traffic analysis. It is possible to determine cars' brand, model, and year of manufacture through their shape images. This study aims to design and analyze a system that can perform feature extraction and classification of car classes based on shape using a combined method of Histogram of Oriented Gradients 1 (HOG1) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients 2 (HOG2), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) on the Matlab R2020a application. This study deployed car front view images, with 40 training images after pre-processing (12 Dodge Charger SRT-8 2009, 8 Dodge Dakota Crew Cab 2010, 10 Hyundai Elantra Touring Hatchback 2012, and 10 Spyker C8 Coupe 2009) and 10 testing images after pre-processing (4 Dodge Charger SRT-8 2009, 2 Dodge Dakota Crew Cab 2010, 2 Hyundai Elantra Touring Hatchback 2012, 2 Spyker C8 Coupe 2009). The research findings with the combined feature extraction of HOG1 and HOG2 unveiled that the Quadratic SVM classification yielded the highest SVM accuracy, with a maximum accuracy of 97.5% for training data and 100% for testing data. Meanwhile, the fine KNN classification, with a maximum accuracy of 95% for training data and 60% for testing data, generated the greatest KNN accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic drives are widely preferred in the industry over electrical as they offer low-cost automation. In industrial automation, accuracy in motion sequences, particularly that at the intermittent position of the valve, is essential to achieving the required stroke length. Due to unequal forces on both sides, the position of a hydraulic cylinder with a double-acting single rod is difficult to predict and control. This paper investigates the effect of load, Pressure at blank & rod ends, flow rate on the positioning accuracy of hydraulic cylinder. The full factorial design of experiments using 23 orthogonal array is used for the analysis of data. The ANOVA test was performed for proving conformity of experiment. The experiment also results in finding out the set of input parameters for best stopping accuracy for a given system configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development with the advancement of the state in civilization and technology, it has become important to involve people with special needs in society by giving them ways to communicate using sign language so that they can express themselves and join the community rather than being a financial burden on the state. In this research, a serious method has been proposed and developed for sign language communication for deaf and dumb people to communicate using sign language for Arabic letters. It is a mechanical phrase from the palm of the hand that can be used to teach sign language to deaf and dumb people and translate sign language into Arabic when linked to a mobile app that can talk to the palm of an industrial robot through text and voice letters. Each sign in the fingers of the hand means a letter. This system has been tested on a group of people with special needs and has proven successful. About 90% of people are satisfied with the system as a whole, which means it works well. The system using the programming environments Arduino IDE (C++) and MIT App Inventor and the palm of an industrial robot was manufactured locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]