Lean, agile, leagile manufacturing systems pros and cons: A literature survey.

Many industries have experienced the benefits of applying lean and agile or leagile (combining both lean and agile manufacturing systems), which can help organizations achieve their strategic goals, such as competitiveness, productivity, profitability, high customer service levels, and survival, by improving overall performance. Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have received much attention in the operations management literature, and they need to be widely implemented in manufacturing systems. In contrast, despite several papers reporting research on leagile manufacturing systems, implementation of leagile manufacturing systems in practice has been slow. A summary of the literature review for some case studies from 2013 to 2022 was used in this paper to define the current manufacturer's product quality goals through various case studies implemented in multiple manufacturing systems. According to the findings, the majority of researchers are interested in implementing lean and agile manufacturing in flow (mass) systems (34.9 %), batch systems (30.5 %), and job shop and continuous production systems (17.3 %) attained a lower level of research interest and implemented based on these studies. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that all of the enterprises studied had implemented the most common and widely used leagile tools (i.e., JIT, TQM, 5S, Kanban, TPM, VSM, Kaizen, Poka Yoka, RP, 5S, SMED, modern manufacturing techniques, robotics and automation, administration policy, experience and skills of employees, GT, innovation and R&D, organizational culture, management leadership, simulation, and collaboration). However, not all businesses had used the leagile tools, the degree of implementation varied for each. Results show that JIT (69.5%), TQM (60.8%), TPM (39.1%), and collaboration (34.7%) are the tools used to implement leagile manufacturing the most. Kanban and Kaizen are achieving the exact percentages of (26.08%), 5S and VSM are achieving the same percentage of (21.7%), RP (13.04%), and Poka Yoka is achieving the lowest percentage (8.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]