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Present work explains about optical and biological activity of silver doped cadmium sulfide nanoparticle. Material has prepared using wet chemical method on the basis of mole ratio of compounds. Elemental mass ratio plays crucial role in synthesis. Compare with various composition of silver doped cadmium sulfide, silver nanoparticles have shown different results in IR, SEM, TEM and XRD. EDAX image shows the crystalline arrangement of nanoparticles. Microbial activity produces good result, and the volume of inhibition zone greater while increases molar ratio of a reactant. Optical activity was determined by Tauc's equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaboration between humans and autonomous AI-driven robots in industrial contexts is a promising vision that will have an impact on the sociotechnical system. Taking research from the field of human teamwork as guiding principles as well as results from human robot collaboration studies this study addresses open questions regarding the design and impact of communicative transparency and behavioral autonomy in a human robot collaboration. In an experimental approach, we tested whether an AI-narrative and communication panels of a robot-arm trigger the attribution of more human like traits and expectations going along with a changed attribution of blame and failure in a flawed collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber Bragg gratings designed specifically for controlling the group velocity of light have been extensively studied in recent years to explore and improve their properties. Use of slow-light fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the optical telecommunication networks, and plays a key role in resolving a problem of buffering of optical signals. This paper analyzes the slow light mechanism in FBG theoretically, explores the influences of different parameters of FBG on the characteristics of slow light by numerical simulation, and discusses the requirements for achieving large group delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, dopamine has attracted much attention as a surface modifier that can be widely used in biological, electrochemical and membrane applications. We herein report a pH-responsive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform modified with polydopamine nanospheres (PDA Ns). PDMS has excellent optical transparency and elasticity, good biocompatibility and good insulation. We prepared PDMS platform on microscope slides and grafted the polydopamine nanospheres to make it rough and obtained the superhydrophobic structure. The test shows the modified rough structure is stable and pH responsive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses an optimal arrangement of open spending as added instrumental value to the accountability in communicating financial information towards citizens within The Netherlands. Open Spending is more and more of relevance in the Netherlands and is addressed as one of the key action points in the Open Government Partnership Action plan of The Netherlands. In order to adequately communicate financial information towards citizens, 5 arrangement variables of accountability (transparency, liability, verifiability, responsibility and responsiveness) as defined by Jonathan Koppell where explored and extended with the notion of social accountability. As social accountability mechanisms are geared towards public expenditure management processes - mechanisms that seek to directly involve ordinary citizens in processes of allocating, disbursing, monitoring and evaluating the use of public resources - have proved very effective since it is this resource flow that puts policy into action. From a viewpoint of the 'Civic Engagement Model' created by The World Bank, we reflected on the current formats of accountability in a focus group with six key actors from amongst others Dutch Ministries, Open State Foundation, Provinces and Municipalities and verified afterwards with delegates of the Open Knowledge Foundation. After empirical analyses current initiatives surrounding open spending within The Netherlands are lacking a clear goal, content and format and an adequate completion on a National level. This research also showed a twofold goal for further open spending developments, on one hand generating social accountability, civic engagement and clarifying financial Open Government Data by providing contextualised information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Ta' 8 wt % doped V2O5 thin film was deposited onto ITO substrate by thermal evaporation method. The XRD pattern confirms the film to be polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure. The SEM image show a smooth spongy bush like structure. Transparency of 'Ta' 8 wt % doped V2O5 film is around 35% in visible region and it decreased in IR region. Transport properties were studied by Hall effect measurements. Inverted polymer solar cell using 'Ta' 8 wt % doped V2O5 thin film as cathodic buffer layer with device structure ITO/'Ta' 8 wt % V2O5/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag has been fabricated and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in this work, we report the transparent pure and Sn-doped zinc oxide (ZnO). The films were deposited onto microscope glass substrate which was heated at 350±5C° by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (U S P) deposition technique. The concentrations of Sn were selected within the range of 0-3% by step of 0.5% and the time deposition is kept at 5 min. A (002)-oriented wurtzite crystal structure was confirmed by X-rays patterns; and grain size varied within the range 7.37-14.84nm, and cristanillity is calculated goes from14.4 to 45.9%. Based on UV-VIS-IR analysis, the results revealed the high transparency of the sprayed films which exceeds 90%. The band gap energy was of 3.26-3.30 eV. The film thickness was estimated by spectroscopy ellipsometry and the found values were of 165-270nm. The refractive index is in the range of 2.75.The 18 -3 obtained electrical parameters were around 1018 cm-3, 3.6 cm²/Vs, 1.6Ω.cm; 3 5.8cm³/C. finally the Sn-doping has influenced the physical parameters of as- ground ZnO films [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Mx, Zn 1-x O), M= Sn, Al nanofibers properties were investigated. Pure and M-doped zinc oxide films were fabricated onto a glass substrate by a facile and low cost spin coating route. X-rays analysis reveals that films crystallize with a wurtzite structure according to (002) orientation. The transmittance in the visible range was as high as 88 % at 550 nm. The doping increased slightly the transmittance, the as-grown films were high transparent in VIS and IR ranges. The optical band gap was a little bit changed by doping. AFM 3D-views revealed that grains were nanofibers with the size of 18.22, 18.23 and 44.27 nm respectively for pure, Al and Sn-doped ZnO films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factories are historically a category of buildings where pioneer architectural forms interweave with innovative structures in order to fulfill the spatial requirements of the production process and also to promote an image of the company addressed internally and externally to its domain. Selected examples from the early 19th century until today show that a shift occurred from the era of references to classical precedents to an age of modern monumentality within the framework of Modernism. In the post-Fordist period flexibility and high-tech idiom prevailed and recently the industrial space is considered as an area of spectacle and expression of sustainable values. Transparency as a desired quality of the corporate image has interpreted and applied in various ways during the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many software development projects struggle with creating and communicating a testing culture that is appropriate for the project's needs. This may degrade software quality by leaving defects undiscovered. Previous research suggests that social coding sites such as GitHub provide a collaborative environment with a high degree of social transparency. This makes developers' actions and interactions more visible and traceable. We conducted interviews with 33 active users of GitHub to investigate how the increased transparency found on GitHub influences developers' testing behaviors. Subsequently, we validated our findings with an online questionnaire that was answered by 569 members of GitHub. We found several strategies that software developers and managers can use to positively influence the testing behavior in their projects. However, project owners on GitHub may not be aware of them. We report on the challenges and risks caused by this and suggest guidelines for promoting a sustainable testing culture in software development projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A versatile shaping of a laser pulse using relativistic transparency in an overdense plasma has been studied. First we present the propagation of a linearly polarized pulse through an overdense plasma and a semi-phenomenological 1-dimensional formula to calculate the channel-digging speed. Second the pulse shaping both in longitudinal and transverse directions using a non-uniform plasma slab is presented by 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The second subject is a unique point of this work in the context of relativistic transparency and pulse shaping. Furthermore the 2-dimensional results are shown to be in a good agreement with the 1-dimensional formula of the channel-digging. The shaping scheme using non-uniform plasmas gives more freedom to the control of the shape of ultraintense pulses for various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is well established that ultrasound stimulated microbubbles can potentiate thrombolysis, the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to gain a more fundamental understanding of how acoustically stimulated microbubbles interact with and potentially degrade fibrin clots. Owing to their optical transparency, the use of fibrin clots allowed to optically observe microbubbles interacting with the clot boundary and any resultant disruption of the fluorescently tagged fibrin network. It was found that microbubbles could readily penetrate into fibrin clots with velocities up to 0.2 m/s and to depths related to the number of pulses applied. At lower pressures (0.2-0.55 MPa), microbubbles as small as 3μm were observed to penetrate, whereas higher pressures (>0.9 MPa) caused the penetration of larger microbubbles (10-30μm), formed by coalescence prior to entry. In some cases, patent 'tunnels' remained along the path taken by penetrating microbubbles. Tunnel diameters ranged between 9-35μm depending largely on pressure and pulse duration. Two-photon microscopy indicated either patent tunnels or paths of disrupted fibers consistent with collapsed tunnel. Fluid flow within the clot was observed to accompany penetrating microbubbles, which may have implications for lytic enzyme penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the first two dimensional (2D) model to reproduce subharmonic generation at closed cracks using damped double nodes (DDN). Numerical simulation using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was performed using DDN. We verify transparency of low amplitude wave to closed cracks and typical stress divergence at crack tip produced by large amplitude wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various concentrations YbF3 -doped CaF2 and Pb2+ - codoped crystals were grown using the conventional Bridgman method. Transparent colorless crystals were obtained in graphite crucible in vacuum (∼ 10-1 Pa) using a shaped graphite furnace. The crystals have been cooled to room temperature using an established procedure. In order to study the etch pits morphology and the dislocations density we used the chemical etching method. This method consists in immersing the cleaved sample in 4NHCl at 60°C for 5 minutes. Small pits are developed at the emergence points of the dislocations. The etch pits have hexagonal shapes for pure CaF2 crystal and triangular sahpes for doped crystals. The dislocations density depends also on the dopant or on the codopant concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When focusing an ultrashort laser pulse inside a transparent material, a permanent alteration of the (complex) refractive index takes place in the irradiated region. In the tight focusing regime, a precise control over the energy deposition can be achieved. Based on this principle, point by point fabrication of embedded microoptical systems has been demonstrated in the bulk of amorphous fused silica (a-SiO2). Although the permanent laser-induced structural changes are starting to be known, the mechanisms underlying material modification are not completely understood. A widely accepted scenario of the laser-matter interaction still has to be elaborated. Specifically, the identification and the relative importance of localized and delocalized energy relaxation channels are under debate. The laser energy is coupled into the material through free carriers generated via photoionization mechanisms. Our goal is to study the energy transfer from the free carriers to the bulky material by measuring the time-resolved absorption in the interaction region. Our setup, based on an optical microscope employed in a pump-probe scheme, allows for time-resolved imaging of the interaction region with a temporal resolution about 300 fs and a spatial resolution of 650 nm. By processing ultrafast photographs of the laser generated electron-hole plasma, we are able to monitor the absorbance in-situ. We present results obtained with two illumination probe wavelengths at 400 nm and 800 nm. The time span covered ranges from the very first moments of the laser-matter interaction up to 1 ns. We observe that the absorption kinetics is not homogeneous over the irradiated volume and depends strongly on the initial distribution of laser energy. We propose a correlation of the observed absorption with the creation and decay of optically active defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DHMs have unique features especially relevant for MEMS characterization. They provide 3D topography for large vertical ranges with interferometric resolution, in a single acquisition, without any lateral or vertical scanning. Any standard microscopic objective can be mounted on them, including those with correction for cover glass thickness. In this paper, DHM is operated in conjunction with a laser pulsed stroboscopic module providing synchronization of camera acquisition and shutter, laser pulses with length down to 7.5 ns, and MEMS excitation signal up to 25 MHz. These systems can measure fast movements over large vertical amplitude, in-and out-of-plane motions of device with complex geometry, provide a statistical analysis of multiple single devices, and can measure under vacuum or in liquid and/or through transparent window. This is illustrated with the presentation of the measurements of a cantilever, an ultrasonic transducer, a variable capacitor, and a gyroscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large amount of data from air-coupled impact-echo tests from bridge decks must be manipulated and presented such that infrastructure engineers can effectively visualize the condition of the structure. To address this problem, we present the data in the form of "4-dimensional" images, which indicate the location of concrete delamination defects using air-coupled impact-echo data. The basis of the 4-D plot is introduced, and the effects of image parameter variation, such as frequency range and transparency index, are studied and experimentally confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layer, multi-material transparent laminate systems are used to enhance protection efficiency for ground vehicle windshield and window applications while ensuring sufficient visibility for the operator. Impact damage caused by low velocity strikes may result in crack formation in the transparent materials or delaminations between layers, which can impair visibility and affect performance. In this effort, transparent laminate systems have been nondestructively evaluated in a pre-impact, baseline state using visual inspection, cross-polarization imaging, and ultrasound characterization. After subjecting the laminate systems to a series of low velocity impact tests, the same nondestructive methods were used for characterization of the post-impact state. The effects of cumulative damage to the laminate systems were also studied by impacting them multiple times at the same location and observing the increase in damage and resulting damage mechanisms. This work provided a means for comparison of transparent laminate systems based on low velocity impact damage tolerance to achieve improved visibility and protection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international Construction Sector Transparency Initiative brings government, the private sector and civil society together with the aim of promoting transparency and accountability in the global construction sector. The UK was one of seven pilot countries along with Ethiopia, Malawi, the Philippines, Tanzania, Vietnam and Zambia, later joined by Guatemala. This paper explains why the initiative is of importance to not only the public, who fund the procurement of public sector construction projects through rates and taxes, but also to construction professionals and the organisations they work for worldwide. It explains the concepts of the multi-stakeholder approach and disclosure, and highlights the findings and lessons from the pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is one of the interesting phenomena of light-matter interaction which modifies matter properties for propagation of light. In other words, we can change the absorption and refractive index (RI) in neighborhood of the resonant frequency using EIT. In this paper, we have doped 3-level quantum dots in one of the Michelson Interferometer's mirror and used EIT to change its RI. So, a controllable phase difference between lights in two arms of interferometer is created. Long response time is the main drawback of Michelson interferometer based sensor, which is resolved by this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed a loadable and erasable all optical memory unit cell by using two coupled micro-ring resonators structure. To read out stored data we have created additional phase in the upper ring by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon induced by inserted Λ-type three level quantum dots in the right hand half of the upper ring. Also, for compensating the fiber loss, we have used lasing without inversion (LWI) by inserted Y-type four level QDs in the left hand half of the both rings. This optical memory unit cell can work in only one photon-scale energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality ZnO:Al (AZO) films have been obtained by our novel fabrication method utilizing solid-phase crystallized (SPC) seed layers. The crystal grain size of AZO films with seed layers is 5 times larger than that of conventional films, which is due to the low nuclei density of seed layers. As a result, the resistivity of AZO films of 18 nm in total film thickness is drastically reduced from 40×10-4 Ω cm for the conventional films to 5×10-4 Ω cm for our films. No differences in transparency hve been observed between AZO films with and without seed layers and their optical transmittance is higher than 80% in a wide wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. These results reveal that our method is very promising for fabrication of transparent conducting oxide films. Our method opens up a new avenue for oxide fabrications of nm thick films with excellent crystallinity, because it can be easily extended to other oxides whose amorphous phase is difficult to obtain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the in-medium properties of ω and η[acute_underaccent] mesons in photoproduction experiments using the Crystal Barrel(CB)/TAPS detector system at the ELSA accelerator facility in Bonn. Different methods to study the in-medium properties of the hadrons are discussed. The lineshape analysis of ω-mesons for two energy ranges shows limited sensitivity to in-medium modifications. Recent results on the in-medium width of the η[acute_underaccent]-meson, derived from transparency ratio measurements, are presented. The absorption of the η[acute_underaccent]-meson in nuclear matter is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate theoretically coherent pump-probe spectroscopy of four level systems in degenerate double Λ, tripod and N-configurations and discuss electromagnetically induced transparency, lasing without population inversion, effect of laser phase fluctuations and the possibility of realizing negative refractive index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report absorption experiments from a single trapped atom. We focus a weak and narrow band Gaussian light beam onto an optically cooled 138Ba+ ion using a high numerical aperture lens. Extinction of this beam is observed with measured values of up to 1.35%. Using this result, we then demonstrate Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency (EIT) of the ion and present a novel set-up where the single ion is used as a mirror in a Fabry-Perrot type cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the method for characterizing, with arbitrarily high accuracy, any quantum optical process, which our group has developed over the past few years. Our protocol recovers complete knowledge of the process by studying, via homodyne tomography, its effect on a set of coherent states, that is, classical fields produced by common laser sources. We present a simple scheme for calculating the process matrix from this information. We demonstrate the capability of our protocol by demonstrating complete characterization of an optical memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present experimental results demonstrating 87% efficiency for single pulse recall, and storage of up to 20 pulses using a three level gradient echo memory with hot rubidium vapour as the storage medium. We also present results showing pulse resequencing, as well as pulse splitting and spectral manipulation. The decoherence mechanisms affecting the system, in particular scattering due to the control field and how it can be minimised by turning the control field off during storage, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the impact of technologies for cross-border disclosure and data privacy. The author also examines whether a technology framework built on principles of accountability, transparency, and privacy can harmonize the concerns on cross-border disclosure and data privacy. He mentions that the U.S. and the European Union (EU) has built a foundation in responding to the challenge of changing technologies.

The design of a forming process of sheet metal forming parts is a complex issue. Many boundary conditions must be fulfilled and many considerations must be made to come to a successful solution. Elimination wrinkles and splits very often need contrary measures. Many times the approach to come to a successful solution is an iterative process which is also dependent on the person who deals with the job. Generally this job has been solved with help of simulation software. AutoForm developed a methodology, systematic process improvement, to systematically approach this job. The systematic process improvement is a standardized way to effectively design forming processes. This systematical approach reduces the number of loops, gives transparency of the different solution statements and makes it easier to pass the work to a colleague. As a result the development of a forming process can be done faster, more reliable and less dependent on individuals. The systematic process improvement will be illustrated on the design of forming process of an automotive part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced transparent materials are used in protective systems for enhancing the survivability of ground vehicles, air vehicles, and personnel in applications such as face shields, riot gear, and vehicle windows. Low velocity impact damage can limit visibility and compromise the structural integrity of a transparent system, increasing the likelihood of further damage or penetration from a high velocity impact strike. For this reason, it is critical to determine damage tolerance levels of transparent systems to indicate whether or not a component should be replaced. In this study, transparent laminate systems will be tested by comparing baseline conditions to experimentally controlled damage states. Destructive testing including air gun and sphere impact testing will be used to replicate low velocity impacts in the field. Characterization of the damaged state will include basic visual inspection as well as nondestructive techniques including cross-polarization, x-ray, and ultrasound. The combination of destructive testing and characterization of the resulting damage can help to establish a damage acceptance criterion for materials used in protective systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transparent conductive coating based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) had been fabricated using the electric field deposition method. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show a quite uniform CNTs on Corning glass substrates. Moreover the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results shows the peak at around 25° which proves the existence of CNT materials. The CNT thin films obtained with different deposition times have different transmittance coefficients at wavelength of 550 nm. I-V measurement results shows higher sheet resistance value which relates with bigger transmittance coefficients and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple method is proposed to measure the power output of a CPV system using multijunction solar cells under Standard Testing Conditions (STC). A model is described to account for solar spectrum variation as a function of Air Mass, Aerosol Optical Depth, Water and Ozone Optical Thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully fabricated in vitro femtosecond laser micro-incisions inside cornea and-for the first time-inside sclera mildly pre-cleared by a biocompatible and clinically safe (non-toxic) natural agent (replacive refractive index-matching 40%-glucose solution in water), with the tissues taken as fresh cool cuts of human cadaver eyes, and reported on basic operational conditions of the micro-surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce structural changes in a localized volume inside transparent materials due to nonlinear absorption. The mechanisms of structural micro-modifications in polymers by femtosecond laser pulses are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed experimental set up that allowed the investigation of propagation of oscillating waves generated at the entrance of nonlinear and strongly nonlinear two-mass granular chains composed of steel cylinders and steel spheres. The paper represents the first experimental data related to the propagation of these waves in nonlinear and strongly nonlinear chains. The dynamic compressive forces were detected using gauges imbedded inside particles at depths equal to 4 cells and 8 cells from the entrance gauge detecting the input signal. At these relatively short distances we were able to detect practically perfect transparency at low frequencies and cut off effects at higher frequencies for nonlinear and strongly nonlinear signals. We also observed transformation of oscillatory shocks into monotonous shocks. Numerical calculations of signal transformation by non-dissipative granular chains demonstrated transparency of the system at low frequencies and cut off phenomenon at high frequencies in reasonable agreement with experiments. Systems which are able to transform nonlinear and strongly nonlinear waves at small sizes of the system are important for practical applications such as attenuation of high amplitude pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report theoretical and experimental studies of the transmission and storage of squeezed vacuum under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency in rubidium vapor. A model based on a three-level atom allows us to evaluate the linear losses and extra noise that degrade nonclassical properties of the squeezed vacuum during the atomic interaction and eventually predict the quantum states of the transmitted light with a high precision. Experimentally, we show that squeezing is preserved after storage in rubidium vapor for 1 μs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' mobility is a relevant topic but, while in Higher Education transfers between Universities are a praxis, in Vocational Educational and Training are still a declaration of intent. The main obstacles are basically related to the heterogeneity of national qualification systems, and to the lack for definitive transparency measures. Although several European instruments are being introduced in this perspective (like the European Qualification Framework), the internationalization process is still in a preliminary phase. In this paper, a methodology exploiting formal descriptions for supporting the creation of mutual understanding and for defining transnational referencing rules is defined. Rules, developed by actors involved in VET provision, are then applied to a knowledge base hosting annotated national qualifications to experiment qualification comparison and to measure competence gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft acrylic transparencies are structural components that must withstand flight and ground loads. Crazing occurrence, known as Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC), causes their substitution during aircraft maintenance operations. This form of aging is mainly a physical phenomenon due to the interaction of transparencies base material with an active liquid and leads craze formation at lower stress that would be required in air. In this paper, an extensive phenomenon of network ESC occurred on transparencies of many aircrafts operating in the same fleet was investigated. Cover application while parking was found to be the critical aspect in crazing appearance, thus acting as physical shield for condensed water and heat transferring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Generation-Recombination noise and two components of the 1/f noise of the base current have been identified in SOI SiGe HBTs. It is shown that the GR noise is generated in the emitter depletion layer. One component of the 1/f noise characterized by SIB∼(IB)1.7 is typical for HBTs made by selective growth of the Si collector and can be due to the mechanical stress created by that technology. Another component is typical for the devices with a polySi emitter being due to fluctuations of the transparency of the interfacial oxide at the polySi/Si interface. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal suspensions, in the presence of long-range electrostatic repulsion, have been shown to present an unexpected optical behavior: Structural order enhance the scattering strength while at the same time the total light transmission shows strong wavelength dependence, reminiscent of a photonic crystal. In this work we will present the results of extensive numerical calculations of light transport through Photonic Liquids and other systems with strong short range correlations for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. The electromagnetic density of states of those systems is analyzed in detail. As we will show, the interplay between order and disorder and the scattering properties of these systems are strikingly similar to those discussed in an early proposal for strong localization of light. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article seeks to complicate notions of transparency that are discursively associated with satellite imagery systems, architectures, and interpretation practices. Since the early 1990's, high-resolution satellite imagery and imagery data, made by a vast system of architectures that were formally developed and monopolized by the U.S. military-industrial command economy, have become more widely available to the civilian public through a combination of declassified data sets, commercial satellite operators and imagery vendors, and value-added resellers of imagery data. In the various discourses surrounding imagery and the systems that collect, interpret, and construct them, this wider availability is associated with an increasing global transparency.

In 2003, PKS 2155-304 has been significantly detected by H.E.S.S. at Very High Energies (VHE), with an average spectrum of Γ = 3.3. Due to absorption by the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), the intrinsic spectrum is heavily modified both in shape and intensity. To correct for this effect, and locate the Inverse Compton (IC) peak of the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED), we used three EBL models (representatives of three different flux levels for the stellar peak component). The resulting TeV spectrum has a peak around 1 TeV for stellar peak fluxes above the Primack (2001) calculation, while the spectrum is steeper than Γ = 2 (thus locating the IC peak < 200 GeV) for fluxes below. With bulk Lorentz factors δ = 20 – 30 (typically used for this object), in the first case the IC peak is in the Klein-Nishina transition region, while in the other case it is in the Thompson regime, and in agreement with the commonly fitted source parameters (e.g. [17]). The constraint on δ given by transparency to 2 TeV photons is δ > 19 (for historical SED fluxes and 2 hours variability timescale). © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate meson electroproduction off complex nuclei in the kinematic regime of the HERMES experiment using a semi-classical transport model which is based on the Boltzmann­Uehling­Uhlenbeck (BUU) equation. We discuss coherence length and color transparency effects in exclusive ρ0 production as well as hadron formation and attenuation of charged pions, kaons, protons and anti-protons in deep inelastic lepton scattering off nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. A brief overview of the status of color transparency experiments is presented. We report on the first complete calculations of color transparency within a perturbative QCD framework. We also comment on the underlying factorization method and assumptions. Detailed calculations show that the stope of the transparency ratio with Q², and the effective attenuation cross sections extracted from color transparency experiments depend on the x distribuition of wave functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]