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People's awareness of a healthy lifestyle has also caused an improvement of consumer request for healthy and delicious ice cream products. To fulfill these consumer desires, PT. Unilever Indonesia created Wall's Matcha ice cream product. The aim of this research was to analyze the relation between the marketing mix strategy and purchasing decisions for Wall's Matcha ice cream. The data used in this study were obtained by distributing questionnaires to a total of 100 respondents. Data were analyzed between dependent and independent variables simultaneously using F test and partially using t test. The output data show that the marketing mix variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the purchasing decision variables. The results of the partial test show that there are three independent variables that have a significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions, namely product, price, and promotion. The Wall's Matcha ice cream promotion variable has a higher impact on purchasing decisions, because product promotions carried out by PT. Unilever are currently attracting the attention of consumers. However, PT. Unilever needs to improve the choice of location for selling ice cream, because consumers really consider location when making purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penajam Paser Utara (PPU), a regency of East Kalimantan Province has a potential resource in the fishery sector that produces processed fish local products (particularly prawn crackers). The local products need to be introduced more widely to the people by using digital marketing methods. This is to increase the engagement of tourists visiting PPU on its local products. This research only focused on the website's prototype, a final step in the user experience (UX) design of the website following the UX design lifecycle. The website was developed based on the local micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME)'s requirements, and by interviewing a local MSME entrepreneur. A competitive audit was also done to find the strengths and the weaknesses of other e-commerce websites/applications using questionnaires. The results are some features that our customers are concerned about the most are the availability of promo or discount, and also free shipping. As a final result a website design was built, that can be used further by a local MSME in that website design was approved by the entrepreneur Indirectly, the increase of the website's traffic by its visitors may impact positively to the MSME's products sales and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sales promotions directed at the manufacturer and retailer, rather than the manufacturer and consumer in the distribution channel, constitute a large proportion of the marketing budget in the consumer-packaged goods manufacturing industry. Existing research on promotions has two key limitations: (i) lack of data regarding promotional payments from manufacturers and (ii) insufficient attention to the role of market competitiveness. We compiled a unique dataset from the financial statements of firms pursuant to Financial Accounting Standard Board Rule No. 01-9 in 2001 and a one-time event requiring sales promotions to be recorded on the income statement as a reduction in net revenue. Using these data, we estimated the effects of sales promotions on the performance, net sales and profits in the consumer-packaged goods manufacturing sector. We employed pooled ordinary least squares for the cross-sectional analysis and a fixed-effects panel regression model to investigate the effects of firm-specific characteristics on sales promotions. We found a significant relationship among net sales, profits, and sales promotions of a firm, the strength of which depends on the market competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with issues related to the optimization of the information flow in an integrated logistics system, which is defined as a system that ensures the promotion of products from the primary source of raw materials until the end of the life cycle of the finished product. This approach allows to consider it as a multi-phase system, for the maintenance of which it is possible to use a deterministic information flow, which makes it possible to unify decisions made at all stages, making them transparent, thereby improving the quality of management activities, finding reserves in oneself, building servicing and infrastructure flows for an integrated logistics system without additional capital investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality and Virtual Reality technologies (AR/VR) have been adopted increasingly in recent years by brands for marketing purposes. This paper aims to provide a review on the effectiveness of AR/VR advertising for product and services promotion. For this purpose, we conducted a scoping review, resulting to twenty-two (22) studies, which are compared and analyzed regarding the aim of the study, the methods and sample used and the findings of the studies. The studies mainly followed an experimental design where participants had been exposed to AR/VR advertising and promotional AR/VR environments (AR television advertising, AR print advertising, AR mobile phone applications, and virtual stores). Research findings show that AR/VR integration in advertising means and promotion contributes to positive attitudes toward advertising and the advertised brand, more than traditional advertising. AR/VR advertising can also positively affect consumer behavior by enhancing purchase intention, brand recall, and credibility perceptions of advertisements. AR/VR advertising is more effective for brands, due to its special features such as 3D effects, innovativeness, vividness, interactivity, personalization, telepresence, realism, and real-time interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a modern market environment, cooperative ties are mutually beneficial relationships between developers (manufacturers) of final products, consumers and suppliers of works and services, manufacturers of materials and components based on contractual relationships for the creation and production of a specific product and its promotion in sales markets. The peculiarity of cooperation in the modern period is its voluntary organization by the business entities themselves. A key role in the process of managing cooperative ties belongs to the chief executor of the state contract (order), who bears full responsibility for the quality and timing of its execution. The article discusses the concept and structural elements of research and production cooperation of the head contractor of the state order, the task of developing scientific and production cooperation at the present stage, the sequence of formation of cooperation of the performers of the state contract, the corporate level of cooperation management (from the position of the head contractor), issues of ensuring the fulfillment of contract obligations, participation of supervisory authorities in the monitoring and control of the activities of cooperation organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the combination of items for product bundle offerings is important to increase consumer buying interest. By analyzing historical data on sales transactions, purchasing patterns can be identified to find the right product combination that has a high probability of selling. This study aims to determine consumer purchasing patterns on large transaction data using market basket analysis with the help of RStudio Software. In this study, the pattern of purchasing fashion products is revealed from sales transaction data throughout 2020 using the a priori algorithm. The sales transaction data contains 262 fashion products that have been successfully transacted by consumers. Each product has a type of size ranging from medium, large, and extra-large. The transaction data contains 816566 completed transactions. This transaction data will then be processed by the a priori algorithm with a minimum support value of 0.003 and a minimum confidence level of 0.8, found 15 product combinations. Based on this combination, this study suggests that for each product combination it is recommended that there are black, white, maroon, and navy products. This study might be helpful for the fashion producer to increase customer buying interest by offering product bundle promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has enabled the emergence of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with consensus-based governance. Staking governs DAOs instead of centralized authorities. As a new organizing form, DAOs require careful theoretical consideration. We conceptualize the vehicle of consensusbased governance as digital consensus. Using an agent-based simulation model, this paper aims to extend meta-organization theory to incorporate an organizational learning perspective. We benchmark the DAOs using two well-established organizing forms, namely autonomous and hierarchical organizations. We find that hierarchies outperform DAOs in static environments, whereas DAOs outperform hierarchies in turbulent environments, with autonomies only excelling with intensive experimentation. Our analyses allow us to characterize DAOs as evolving through a staggered process of polarization and homogenization, as opposed to autonomies’ continuous polarization and hierarchies’ continuous homogenization. Such a staggered process can be affected by several factors (e.g., voting thresholds, token asymmetry, and contributor incentives). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline in public buying interest has an impact on all business sectors in Indonesia, including MSMEs. During the Covid19 pandemic, Regency MSMEs still use conventional systems, so new breakthroughs are needed to increase turnover and unlimited marketing so that MSMEs can survive and advance. Digital marketing activities are promotions and market searches through online digital media, one of which is social networking facilities. The purpose of this research is to broaden the knowledge and skills of digital marketing, especially social media, in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to increase sales turnover. Participants are MSME Regency Balikpapan city; the method used in this activity explains digital marketing materials, share experiences and discussions, and the implementation of social media applications. This study indicates that the use of social media that is often used is Facebook in displaying business profiles by 56.25% and WhatsApp (WA) by 50%, Instagram (IG) by 18.75% and others by 25 % for product promotion. Based on the research results on the use of applications in pandemic that is ride 12,5%, Permanent 37,5% and doen 50%. MSME actors have not maximally used social networks, especially YouTube, to promote their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the smart manufacturing inventory models are being developed to endure the technology escalations in product production, propagation and distribution. The manufacturing firms must be competent in the optimal selection of pertinent portals of product promotion and dissemination for making the products reach the global level. This paper proposes an inventory model with smart attributes with linear demand pattern; incorporates the contemporary costs parameters of E-logistics and digital advertising; encompasses the dominant digital production and marketing channels that are inevitable for the survival of the production sectors in this digitalized cosmos. This model also discusses specifically the advertising errors and its respective costs incurred. Differential equations are used in inventory modelling and the consistency of the model is tested with a numerical example. The proposed model is highly accommodative as it encloses various sub-cost parameters and this model will certainly benefit the production sectors of various levels ranging from small to large in making realistic decisions in the context of customer acquisition and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aim to study the effect of web design quality, sales promotion, and order fulfillment on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. This phenomenon of the e-commerce marketplace transaction value that continue to increase during 2017-2020 period in Indonesia. This increase on e-commerce marketplace transaction value triggered by the covid-19 pandemic that force the digitalization on almost all living aspects, especially on commerce activities. Commerce activities on e-commerce marketplace technically are the same as conventional commerce, where seller aim to achieve repurchase intention through the customer satisfaction. There are several things that have influence on these two variables. Several factors including; web design quality, sales promotion, and order fulfillment. All of those factors are very important for the e-commerce marketplace. Therefore, the author aims to determine the relationship between the variables of web design quality, sales promotion, and order fulfillment on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The method used in this research is Partial Least Square, and tool used in this research is WarpPLS version 7.0. The result of the research found out positive and significant impact on all of the variables studied in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kre Alang is a product of the Sumbawa region with unique characteristics and a high historical value. However, until now, Kre Alang products are still unknown to many people because Kre Alang products offer too high a price with almost the same quality as other fabric products. In addition, another problem is product promotion which can be said to be not good because the promotion is still done through word of mouth. Of course, based on these problems, it can impact and influence consumer purchasing decisions—the better the product, the better the consumer's decision. On the contrary, the worse the product, the worse the consumer's purchase decision. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of price, quality, and promotion on purchasing decisions and propose improvements to the marketing strategy of Kre Alang products. The population in this study is unknown because the number of consumers of Kre Alang products is unknown. Therefore, determining the number of samples in this study using the Lemeshow Equation, the number of samples in this study was 100 respondents. The method used for data processing in this study is the SEM method to determine the effect between variables. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the t-value of the price variable has no significant effect on purchasing decisions with a t-value of 0.79, while the quality and promotion variables have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with t-values of 4.51 and 3.92. Therefore, product design, long-lasting color, and product life must be maintained and improved, besides the attractiveness and reach of promotions need to be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Sales Promotion and Brand Trust on Buying Decisions on the sale of imported goods during the pandemic at the Cimol Gedebage Market, Bandung. This research method uses descriptive and verification analysis with a quantitative approach. The source of this research uses primary data. This research data collection using a questionnaire. The sample of this research is 120 consumers in Cimol Gedebage Market, Bandung by using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that Sales Promotion has a positive and significant effect on Buying Decision. It is known that the total effect of Sales Promotion on Buying Decision is 77.7%. Sales Promotion has a positive and significant effect on Brand Trust with a total effect of Sales Promotion on Brand Trust, which is 57.2%. Brand Trust has a positive and significant effect on Buying Decision, with a total effect of 44.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of technology, lifestyle is slowly changing. One of them is shopping online through Ecommerce. Shopee is one of the E-commerce sites with the highest visitor rates in Southeast Asia in 2019. This is due to the ease of use of the Shopee E-commerce application and the promotions carried out by Shopee ECommerce This research is used to find out how easy it is to use applications and promotions on E-Commerce Shopee. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ease of use of applications and promotions on purchasing decisions at E-Commerce Shopee either partially or simultaneously. The results showed that in the descriptive analysis of the application ease of use variables, 96.3% were in the high category, the promotion variable was in the high category, and the decision variable was 86.8% in the high category. Partially, the ease of use of the application does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, while promotions have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously the ease of use of applications and promotions significantly influence purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify if extraversion traits moderate consumers' impulse buying behavior and identify other determinants that can trigger consumers' impulse buying behavior on e-commerce platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a convenience sampling method, people domiciled in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jabodetabek) and Surabaya were selected as samples. Out of 265 questionnaires distributed, 206 completed questionnaires can be analyzed. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analytical approach is used to evaluate hypotheses. This study's result revealed how customers' impulsive buying behavior is significantly affected by hedonic motivation and fear of missing out (FOMO) on e-commerce platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, during the pandemic, impulsive buying behavior was not affected by sales promotions, and extraversion characteristics could not mitigate the link between those variables and impulse buying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on self-recommending product agents is under way. Compared with product promotion by humanoid robot agents, self-recommending agents can call a passing customer's attention to product. As the customer's interest is focused on the product, the self-recommending agent can then give instructions, such as "pick me up." It has been found that customers tend to follow such instructions, and touching the product is known to effectively support sales promotion. From two experiments in a convenience store, a self-recommending agent in this study was successful in attracting customer interest, which included handling the products. However, we also found that, after being picked up, the products' monologue resulted in customers leaving the product behind on the shelf. Herein, we examine the reasons why. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article covers the main development stages of the scientific-based knowledge base of prosthetic and orthopedic products and rehabilitation tools in terms of ontologistic analysis of the application environment. The studies are based on classical principles of data systematization and classification, theory of database design aimed at improving intellectualization of operations with data. The fundamentals of the knowledge base are the study results of the assortment and design of health promotion products. The article covers the approval results of the developed knowledge base model at Orthomoda LLC. Formalization of the developed knowledge base model of prosthetic and orthopedic products and rehabilitation tools is made from databases of raw materials suppliers, manufacturing companies, and retailers with the help of the tools for a relational database to knowledge base transformation. The ontology design results of prosthetic and orthopedic products and rehabilitation tools are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion always had a special power, influencing the decisions of individuals and causing them to act in one way or another. In classical economic theory, consumers play the role of rational individuals making decisions based only on relevant information using conscious thinking. Unfortunately, conscious thinking requires a significant amount of energy from the individual, which has led to the evolution of the human body by limiting this type of thinking, to increase efficiency. Thus, the human brain has come to process unconsciously almost all communication signals in the environment (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.), through implicit processes controlled by the limbic system ("the emotional brain"). As a result, many consumer decisions are made unconsciously and are based on emotions. It is also well known that consumers' purchasing decisions are driven by two types of needs: functional needs, satisfied through product functions, and emotional needs associated with the psychological aspects of product possession. Emotion is one of the most important motivators for purchasing, representing an important strategic element in the organization's marketing activity, giving meaning and depth to the experience with a brand or a product. In the age of strategic-relationship marketing, emotion plays a key role. In this context, the following paper reveals important aspects regarding the necessity of understanding how emotions influence consumer behavior together with ways in which emotions can be used in the company's marketing activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most people like to buy things online (i.e.) through e-commerce websites. People consider the advantages in online shopping like reduction in travel cost, time-consumption and offers, etc. Even though these advantages paves the way for e-commerce growth, it is not sufficient. The constant parameter that supports the growth of an e-commerce company is marketing. Marketing plays a major role in a product or idea promotion in both offline and online business. Suppose if the availability of the product belongs to a particular region, then direct marketing is more efficient for the product to meet its success. But shopping websites like Amazon, Flip kart, Snap deal etc., cannot implement direct marketing because those companies' boundaries are not limited to a particular region. In this case, affiliate marketing comes into the role which acts as an intermediate between the consumer and e-commerce companies. Affiliate marketing is one in which a person uses their marketing strategy to promote the e-commerce products in social network by becoming an affiliate to that company. Affiliates will be allocated with a unique referral link. If a person buys a product using that reference link then a commission will be paid to those affiliates by the respective company. In this paper, the K-Means Clustering algorithm is going to be implemented on a dataset with the help of a Pyspark environment that helps the affiliates for their marketing to reach the right customer with the right product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketplace competition in Indonesia has shifted in the 3rd quarter of 2020. Shopee shifted Tokopedia's position at the top of customer visits on the website. It causes sales growth at Shopee to increase sharply. The role of brand image is one of the highlights expected to encourage customers and potential customers to buy products through Shopee. Research on Jakarta workers is interesting to observe, especially millennial generation workers and some generation Z. One hundred twenty urban workers were selected by the purposive sampling method. SEM implement to test the role of brand image in mediating price and sales promotion to purchase decision. This study concludes: First, One of the seven hypotheses to be proven. The effect of price on purchasing decisions is insignificant. Shopee marketplace prices are uncompetitive compared with the other marketplace, which induces consumers to buy a product. Second, the other six hypotheses show an influence on purchasing decisions. Sales promotion and brand image have a positive effect on purchasing decisions. Price and sales promotion also affect brand image. Third, the brand image becomes a partial mediation for the impact of sales promotion and a complete mediation of price variables on Jakarta's urban workers' purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the Internet on human life is steadily increasing. In the article, the features of the use of social networks and the dissemination of information about travel products using specific social networks, and both positive and negative aspects of online promotion are shown, along with the features of audience involvement in the process of communication with a travel organization online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focus on decision factor towards product to become customer of Bank BNI Batam Branch in Indonesia. The purpose of the research is to examine if there is any relationship between sales promotion and publicity as decision factor to become customer of Bank BNI Batam Branch in Indonesia. The data self-collected, using quantitative based-study. Data will be collect by surveyed questionnaire and be analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). A hundred respondents of people who have become a customer on Bank BNI Batam Branch have been chosen in the field of research in Batam, Indonesia. The methode instrument was using questionnaires and made up of five variables. The questionnaires distributed were made up of three variables, where two were independent variables and one was dependent variable. By using multiple regression analysis, it is found that each independent variable has strong correlation with the single variable. it can be concluded that the sales promotion, publicity and become customer of Bank BNI Batam branch have a positive relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research is small family hotels in the function of destination branding and brand affiliation in promotion. The paper will study and investigate how small family-run hotels can designate and create a tourist destination. The aim and purpose of this paper is to show how to create a quality brand of a small family hotel in the best possible way and to present it as high quality as possible in the market. By providing quality service, individual access to the guest, excellent advertising and cooperation with all bodies in the tourist destination, a small or family hotel can become, over a period of time, a brand that will be recognized in that tourist destination, for which guests will always return to that tourist destination. The following scientific research methods will be used in this paper: inductive and deductive methods, analysis and synthesis methods, descriptive methods and classification methods. The paper will be divided into three main points, three titles. The first point of the paper deals generally with small family-run hotels, their basic features and characteristics. Furthermore, it discusses the development of small family hotel offerings and characteristics of services in small family hotels, the national association of small family hotels, as well as topics and activities related to the offer of small family hotels. The second part deals with the management of small family hotels, the functions of the management of small family hotels. It also discusses some specifics related to the management of family hotels and the factors that affect the performance of small family hotels and the innovative management of small family hotels. The third part of the paper deals with the branding of small family hotels in a tourist destination, on how and in what way small family hotels can become a trademark of a tourist destination. The authors initially write what the brand is and what are the fundamental characteristics of the brand. After that, the authors write about the peculiarities of the management of the tourism organization and destination and the marketing management of the tourism organization. Finally, the author writes about creating small family hotels in a tourist destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is supposed that every need is development of an imbalance caused by an overflow of informational, physical, and chemical factors that emerges over the course of life and cannot be eliminated by the organism independently without the risk of structure disturbance. Satisfaction of each need is a search for 'channels' of equivalence establishment, in other words, increased or decreased number of informational, physical, and chemicals stimulus for elimination of this overflow. The final result of fulfilling the needs is establishment of equivalence due to transformation of surplus in factors mentioned before into functional and structural changes in an organism, into changes of behavioral activity including behavior of consumers. Elimination of imbalances without consequences for vital processes has its limit depending on individual potential connected with genetic features of an organism. Modern society interested in creation of a 'qualified consumer' forms additional imbalances that are often unnecessary, within a person via means of mass media. At the same tame, advertisement offers 'channels' of eliminating these artificially-created imbalances through purchase of goods and services. If needs are not fulfilled, a stress appears accompanied by negative emotions. Prolonged lack of possibility to eliminate imbalances in case a person is out of individual potential, leads to such consequences as neurosis, psychosomatic diseases, and finally, lifespan shortening. As a result, development of economy through growth in sales volume can lead to degradation in population health and cause considerable economical loses. That is why an efficient and safe consumption suggests mutual responsibility of seller and customer, and means not only sales promotion but also health promotion to provide adequate conditions to satisfy needs in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The targeting and timing of sales promotions have long been critical challenges in marketing efforts. While traditional strategies concentrate on customer segmentation analysis, the enriched data environment in e-commerce nowadays calls for sophisticated analytical approaches that enable sellers to target their promotional activities at the personalized level. Meanwhile, although research on recommender systems has accumulated abundant techniques for profiling personalized preferences, the dynamic influences of sales promotions on consumer preferences remain underexplored. Therefore, we propose that personalized product recommendations can be consolidated with consumers’ evolving perceptions of sales promotions. Drawing upon transaction utility theory and adaptation level theory, this paper develops a novel recommendation approach DAMA, in which consumer adaptation factor, is introduced to model the temporal dynamics of consumers’ preferences and price perceptions simultaneously in the context of diverse sales promotional activities. Extensive empirical experiments are conducted on real-world datasets against baseline methods, revealing the performance superiority of DAMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel business model: cross-sampling through e-commerce warehouses that e-commerce platforms with direct control over physical packages can adopt. It allows physical free samples provided by one brand to be distributed with the packages of another unrelated brand. We demonstrate how the cross-sampling model can integrate offline control and online information to commercialize the package flow. In close collaboration with Alibaba, we implemented cross-sampling through a large-scale field experiment, in which more than 55,000 free samples were distributed. We show that cross-sampling can be carried at scale with negligible cost and is highly effective in driving online sales or for personalization. In this way, we demonstrate the potential of a new business model that leverages the offline logistics infrastructure as a profit center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food retail sector in Portugal is mostly concentrated in five main players holding 69.6% of its market share, with two groups leading the Portuguese preference, Continente with 21.9% market share, Pingo Doce with 20.8% market share, followed by Jumbo, Lidl and Intermarché with 9.5%, 8.8% and 8.6%, respectively. These operators up to the year 2012 have guided their performance and price strategy by applying the strategy Every-day-Low-Price that privileges the application of low and stable prices. In this paper we aim to characterize the food retail market in Portugal after the year 2012, identifying the main factors and contextualizing the economic climate. This analysis takes into account that most retailers opted to follow a strategy of high low pricing, which determined that 47% of sales of the year 2018 correspond to promotional sales; in this way, we will devote the analysis of the promotion and the impacts that it has for forecasting sales and supply chain management. Thus, to evaluate the influence of promotions on global sales, we will use weekly data referring to sales in the hypermarkets & "Superstores" channel that includes hypermarkets> 2,500 m2; Supermarkets 400-2,500 m2; Proximity <400 m2, in the period between the first week of 2012 and the last week of 2018, and also data on the number of promotions printed on promotional leaflets on the same the period in question. Applying multiple linear regression models and a previous exploratory analysis of the data we can conclude that the promotions carried out via leaflets actions have a weak capacity to explain the sales obtained in the Hypermarkets & Superstores channel and that are explained in large scale by other variables and the impact of these variables should be object of study in future works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address issues relating to marketing and the pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, we look into the main marketing concepts, identify the importance of marketing in promoting sales of pharmacy companies and demonstrate the strands used to promote sales and satisfy the needs of consumers in terms of improving their health. In addition, we highlight the development of the pharmaceutical sector in Kosovo, the competition between pharmaceutical producers and distributors, the strategies that firms use to promote products and services, market security, increase of quality of medicines and services and price reduction, the import structure of pharmaceuticals and other issues. Finally, we highlight the importance of promotion in the marketing of pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing communications mix consists of eight major modes of communication – advertising, direct marketing, events and experiences, interactive marketing, personal selling, public relations and publicity, sales promotion, and word-of-mouth marketing – but a fully integrated communications mix also includes email marketing, partnerships / promotions, and social media. The most powerful touch-points are Internet, mobile phones, social media, and TV. Innovative media such as interactive video, mobile developments, social media, viral and augmented reality, wearable devices, etc. play an important role in the tourism industry. The 66 agritourism services inventoried rely on 8 modes of communication in marketing communications mix, and 6 of these modes of communications rely on ICTs. Of the 69 platforms of communication used in marketing communication mix, only 26 (about 39.13%) are common to the promotion of agritourism services: they are characterised by such features as audience, communication type, content, regularity, technology, timeliness, and use type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researcher has already done the study of literature review of leadership styles and Key Performance Indicators of various functions. The aim of this paper is quickly assess, which are the leadership styles are extensively used in SME sector and which of them are giving positive and negative impact on overall sales of the company. This paper will be the study of three Business cases of SME's to just test the primary level of hypothesis. There are various leadership styles and literature says that there is no specific leadership style which is used in business decision making which is giving positive results in all situations. This paper will try to discover the most prominent positive result giving styles for decision making in SME's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segment of outdoor clothes had become more popular in the last decade worldwide. A lot of producers have accepted the requirements of customers about the specification of the clothes. The outdoor clothes change places, where people wear them. The extreme nature environment has changed into regular wearing in a city environment. Therefore, wearing outdoor clothes are considering as kind of fashion life-style, which is important to communicate. Marketing communication has become one of a crucial part of the present. Companies must focus on these tools, which they consider as the most effective. Nevertheless, they, of course, must use a lot of traditional tools, which are required by Czech customers. The main aim of the paper is to define, which elements of marketing communication are the most used by sellers and producers in the Czech Republic in the field of outdoor clothes; and what kind of customer is in the segment of outdoor clothes in the Czech Republic. The empirical evidence is based on qualitative data, obtained by systematic observation. The observation was applied in stores of fourteen companies and 310 final customers of outdoor clothes. All gained data were put under qualitative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether and how firms can design novel incentives to engage customers in this social sharing era. In collaboration with a leading online deal platform, we conduct a largescale randomized field experiment and two lab experiments to test the effectiveness of different incentive designs (varied by shareability and scarcity of promotion codes) in driving social sharing senders' purchase and referrals. We find that providing senders with one non-shareable promo code significantly increases their purchase likelihood but does not influence their referrals. In contrast, the senders who receive one shareable code are less likely to purchase themselves yet are more likely to make successful referrals. Meanwhile, the incentive design with two codes that has one non-shareable code and one shareable code increases neither the senders' purchase nor their successful referrals. We further conduct two lab experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk to explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many hypermarkets use in-store promotions as their best retail proposition and marketing strategies to attract more consumers. The study aims to review consumer proneness towards in-store promotions at foreign-based and local-based hypermarkets. In-store promotion is known as marketing or sales promotions at retailer's location. In Malaysia, the popular foreign-based hypermarkets are Tesco, AEON and Giant while local-based hypermarkets are Econsave and Mydin. The factors including price consciousness, brand loyalty, quality consciousness, impulsiveness, and store loyalty are discussed and their impacts on consumer proneness (price proneness, premium proneness, and contest proneness) towards in-store promotion at foreign-based and local-based hypermarkets are investigated through extensive literature review. The measurement items of selected factors are refined using reliability test. The proposed research framework is significant for further empirical testing as the expected results could help hypermarkets and marketers in in-store promotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of public information campaigns commenced in the early eighteenth century, and over the ensuing three centuries of mass media campaigning they have evolved into two specific types of campaign, referred to in contemporary literature as information campaigns, which are seen as unidirectional broadcasting of information to either a targeted audience or the public in general, and communication campaigns, which are more participative in nature and seek to establish some form of dialogue with the public. However, whilst there can be no doubt that engaging in dialogue with individual members of society is likely to have the greatest impact in achieving the behavioural change sought by such campaigns, there is a growing resistance to their intrusiveness. The authors ran a large European survey on public awareness of the actions to be taken in the event of a natural disaster, the services available to provide support, and intention to engage in preparation for such events. This demonstrated a significant percentage of respondents were unwilling to engage in any form of preparation, which, combined with the resistance to engage with communication campaigns, highlights a growing problem. This paper considers some of the lessons learned from a number of public communication campaigns run by the authors, using MOOC technology and their own Pandora+ cloud-based training system, which highlight a number of issues in developing effective public information campaigns using digital media. A framework is then described that sets out a communication model offering minimal intrusion and ephemeral engagement at the outset, with the potential for greater levels of engagement driven by user wish, while still capturing relevant analytic data on the subject of the campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the emergence of the internet have significantly influenced the creation of new business models where the main goal is to effectively and efficiently implement strategies to surpass clients' expectations. The collective online shopping systems emerge in 2008, and may be considered as an effective promotion tool for business partners. In this context, the main goal of this research paper is to evaluate the perception of the business partners on the effectiveness of the last promotional campaign made using a collective online shopping system. Additionally, it is also analysed the consequents of effectiveness. The sample is comprised of 38 global business partners. The results lead to the following conclusions. First, the global effectiveness of the campaigns tends to be positive, mainly due to the non-financial effectiveness. Second, the global and non-financial effectiveness are predictors of their consequents, namely: word-of-mouth marketing, image, returning customers, customer retention, repeat the promotion and recommend promotion, while the financial effectiveness has no influence on any consequent. The existing literature on collective online shopping systems is still scarce. This research contributes to the literature by analysing the effectiveness and identifying the consequents of the effectiveness. From a business perspective, this study may help business partners to evaluate the impact on their business from promotional campaigns using collective online shopping sites and make a decision whether to join or not. From the site managers' perspective, this study may contribute to a better understanding of the perception held by the business partners on the business model's effectiveness and how to better meet their objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the exploration of the importance of marketing knowledge in relation to the choice of application of sales promotion tools to meet the marketing objectives of the offer. At the time of digital and holistic marketing, knowledge is an important determinant of consumer purchasing decisions. Within the digital forms of sales support tools used, knowledge is a key area for maintaining a portfolio of customers in CRM and CSR systems as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a randomized field experiment to investigate the impact of free shipping promotion on an online retailer's conversion rates and to examine how the use of persuasion principles, such as scarcity information and popularity information, affects consumers' purchase likelihood. We find unconditional free shipping leads to higher conversion rates, by at least 2.2%, compared to threshold-based free shipping. In addition, the presence of scarcity and popularity information increases consumers' purchase likelihood. However, scarcity information is significantly more helpful than popularity information, and even more helpful than a combination of both information cues. Our findings show economic significance that the introduction of unconditional free shipping could gain more revenue by 18%, amounting to €191,419 a year. During the promotion, customers exposed to information cues produce more revenues by 8.3% (€19,499 a year) than those without any information. This suggests that online retailers should leverage the persuasive power of information cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which explores consumers' attitudes and skepticism towards pharmaceutical advertising in the U.S., Germany and Brazil. It examines how a standardized promotional message employing four different ad appeal types for a fictitious over-the-counter (OTC) medication is perceived in these three countries. It further investigates role of consumers' perceived legal regulation on their ad evaluations and levels of skepticism.

Within the framework of cognitive-discourse approach, the authors focus on the conceptual effects of metaphors used in commercial advertising for the sake of sales promotion. The article gives insights into the construction of pragmatically-orientated mental representations activated by metaphors as means of persuasion and entertaining the target audience. The authors chiefly draw on Text World Theory [1], [6], [7], [10], [11], [12] and Conceptual Blending Theory [5] because their heuristics can provide an adequate model of the text-driven discourse-level conceptual structures created in the minds of recipients. Text-worlds are viewed as mental representations 'which enable us to conceptualize and understand every piece of language we encounter' [6: 2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]