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Mathematical learning is expected to allow students to apply mathematical concepts in solving real-world problems. This kind of ability is known as mathematical literacy. In developing mathematical literacy ability, knowledge about personality tendencies is needed. This research aims to describe the mathematical literacy ability of junior high school students in solving AKM problems of each personality type based on Keirsey's Personality Theory and the differences between each personality type. This research is descriptive-qualitative. The participants in this research were 65 junior high school students consisting of 39 guardian students, 11 artisan students, three rational students, six idealist students, and six students who do not tend to any personality type. It was measured by the Personality Classification Test (TPK). Then the subjects in this research were 59 students. Those subjects were given Mathematical Literacy Test (TLM). A task-based interview was conducted to obtain more in-depth information about their mathematical literacy ability. Furthermore, the data from both TLM and task-based interviews were analyzed based on the indicators of mathematical literacy (formulate, employ, interpret, and evaluate). They obtained the descriptions of the mathematical literacy ability of students. The results of this research indicated different descriptions of the mathematical literacy ability of students of each personality type. In the first process of mathematical literacy (formulate): guardian, artisan, rational, and idealist students formulate problems in mathematical form, but only artisan students can determine the proper mathematical model. Then in the second process (employ): guardian students apply coherent procedures while artisan students do not. The last process is interpreting and evaluating; guardian, artisan, rational, and idealist students reinterpret mathematical solutions obtained back to the initial context. Rational students interpret solutions in the context of the problem orally, while idealist students interpret solutions in written form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last three decades saw a reliance on the use of personality tests by businesses and organisations trying to gain a competitive advantage in the market through avenues such as recruitment, team building, leadership development and culture alignment. The commissioning of early 20th Century personality models such as DISC and Myers-Briggs are claimed to provide valuable insights and benefits in various aspects of the employment process. They have however been controversially debated in the academic community due to issues surrounding validity and reliability. Discussions concerning leadership styles and leaders responsible for managing employees, are similarly indeterminate despite being subject to extensive research and analysis for many decades. Academics have yet to provide a comprehensive explanation of the holistic mechanisms underlying effective leadership. Instead, they have argued over factors such as a leader's traits, attributes, power relations or unidimensional versus collaborative models of engaging a work force. Current leadership theory literature demonstrates a paucity of leader self-understanding and self-reflection. We consider these two attributes as fundamental qualities of effective leadership, whereby an individual can transform and enhance their use of any leadership style. In this paper, we propose an advanced 21st Century solution that leverages the Intelligent Behaviour Analytics (IBA) framework, incorporating a deep and more effective understanding of leaders and their ability to transition between different leadership styles. Additionally, this framework offers methods for transitioning to more effective leadership styles based on situational requirements and takes into account a leader's own emotional and behavioural registers. This approach offers a structured opportunity for leaders to identify any biases, understand the reasons that these may develop and furthermore, evaluate the efficacy of their own behavioural traits and the way they, as individuals interact, manage and lead a team. The IBA framework is a multi-stage, holistic approach that proposes to improve performance metrics, organisational culture, business outcomes and increased wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defect reporting is essential software testing activity to communicate issues and errors found in the software product to the developers. To produce high-quality defect reports, apart from technical knowledge and experience, the personality of the tester plays an important role. However, studies on personality in software testing are more focused the influence of personality in testing performance, and studies exploring software defect reporting are very limited. In this research, we surveyed 105 software engineering professionals to understand the relationship between personality and their thoughts on the importance and difficulties of information to be reported in software defect reports. From the survey, we found out that the software testers/ most personality traits were agreeableness and intellect imagination. From their opinions, cause of the problem is important information to be included when describing usability defects, but writing in non-human computer interaction terms is seems difficult to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For innovation to thrive, different personalities must collaborate effectively in teams. Personality testing is a popular method to enhance mutual understanding in teamwork settings. Jungian archetype theory allows team members to uncover unconsciously assumed social roles. This paper suggests an archetypical personality test as a tool to uncover archetypical roles in innovative teams. It uses a quantitative approach to confirm the content validity of the test items. A survey with n1 = 88 and n2 = 100 German-speaking participants was conducted in January and February 2021. The survey tested the match between the test items and the archetypes with their corresponding motifs. In the first survey, four of the original statements were not confirmed. These original statements were re-formulated and confirmed in a second and third survey. Thus, the result of this research is an archetypical personality test with content validity confirmed for all 84 statements, ready for application in innovative teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem-solving skills are needed to encounter challenges of the globalization era, whereas research about the application of teaching materials based on 7E-STEM learning cycle to improve student’s problem-solving skills is still limited. The purpose of this research is to know the problem-solving skills improvement score after the treatment. The methods employed were the quasi-experimental research with one-group pretest-posttest design, and the respondents were 29 students in the eleventh grade of high school. The instrument used in this study is called a problem-solving skills test with a reliability of 0.715. The instrument used to collect qualitative data is a questionnaire given to students. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, normality test, Wilcoxon test and N-gain score. The results of questionnaires are analyzed using the percentage between scores obtained compared with the expected score. The results showed that the improvement of problem-solving skills classified to the medium category. The improvement it caused by during the treatment using teaching material can help in directing student activities, students are actively involved, and students get direct experience. The results of the questionnaire showed that students responses to learning were good, but student felt the delivery of the material was too fast so that it had an impact on the results of students’ problem-solving skill scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article substantiates the need for psychocorrectional work with a difficult teenager on the basis of a preliminary detailed study of his or her personal characteristics. Based on these considerations, the author has set a goal to conduct a psychological study that would identify the specific personal characteristics of difficult adolescents, which can potentially predetermine the asocial characteristics of their behavior. Cattell's youth 16 factor questionnaire (Cattell, 1989) and Shmishek's test for the assessment of character accentuation (Leonhard, 2001) were taken as personal techniques for the study. Identification of the qualities potentially predisposing to deviant behavior was carried out by comparison of average values of indicators on scales of the specified techniques for two groups: a group of ordinary pupils, and a group of difficult pupils. Assessment of the degree of reliability of the mean differences was conducted using appropriate statistical techniques. The results obtained in the experimental study confirmed the existence of significant differences in personal qualities between ordinary and difficult-to-educate adolescents. It is established that such differences are manifested, first of all, in such areas of the psyche: the emotional sphere, intelligence, communication abilities, volitional qualities of the individual, mechanisms of control by the teenager of his or her behavior, the presence of his or her labor qualities. In conclusion, the ways and means of using the obtained information as a tool of psychological and pedagogical influence of the teacher on a difficult teenager are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the 6 Dimensional personality test, we can compare and contrast what makes certain countries successful in terms of customer service, and what can make others unsuccessful. Customer service boils down to how respectful someone in power can relate to someone that is using his/her product/service. This includes simple "please" and "thank you's", all the way to things like looks or tone of voice. Respect and personality can be categorized by Hofstede's 6-D model. Power distance is the dimension to which the less powerful individuals in a society expect that power unequally distributed. This concept can be applied in customer service by how a certain country with a low power distance will treat their "less powerful" customers. Hopefully it’s all with the same respect that they would give someone of higher rank or class. In this case the United States have a very low power distance, and thus has a reputation for great customer service. A country like China has an extremely high power distance score, and thus, tourists have been known to complain about how rude the people are. This leads to poor customer service. Another dimension that can make customer service effective is the masculinity index. Societies a with low masculinity score (feminine societies), stand for a preference for cooperation, modesty, and caring. Canada has a low masculinity index according to Hofstede, so they reflect an empathetic view of the world. This makes them perfect for providing great customer service where they treat each customer uniquely and respectfully, like they would want to be treated themselves. Again, China who has an extremely high masculinity index, suffers in this area. When you walk into a doctor's office at your local clinic, family physician, or other service provider (outside of the hospital), what is your typical experience like? Are you welcomed with a friendly smile, or are you met with a cold expression on the front office staff's face with directions to "grab a clipboard, fill it out, and wait until your name is called." Do you get to speak with an RN or CNA prior to meeting with your doctor to express your concerns, worries, current status, or are you expected to "just wait until the doctor sees you and they will know how to help." These are real responses from local North Texas clinic offices, and alarmingly it is more commonly occurring in the United States healthcare system than one would like to think. On top of that, it's that direct correlation between customer service and the the efficiency and level of service delivered by a certified provider that, believe it or not, is costing healthcare networks millions of dollars in physician investment revenue. Now, one is left wondering how one goes about supplying the "change in the delivery of healthcare" when there is a lack of evidence, systematic and strategic approach that has application to the entire network. Within the healthcare services industries around the world, the largest gaps in customer service for front-office processing of patients pertain to the differences in cultural background, socioeconomic standings, and accessibility of resources to deliver a truly optimal practice. By examining the strategic gaps in front-office processes and qualitative dimensions between three advanced capitalist democracies--United States, Switzerland, and Taiwan--we are able to see internationally tried and tested methods that drive fundamental keys to fiscally profitable, patient-centric care reform. As Americans clamor for "changes in the healthcare system", it is important to first analyze what specific elements draw the most dissatisfaction in customer service, look to see how our international counterparts perform these workflows similarly, differently, or productively, then evaluate what kind of financial impact that would have on a practice in the U.S. using benchmark data within the ambulatory and acute services sector from the MGMA and the New England Journal of Medicine. Direct reference to the resultants of Hofstede's 6D model, in comparison to each other, Taiwan scored highest in "Long Term Orientation"; which, when applied to the ambulatory and acute services markets within healthcare (regardless of payer structure), their level of investment to ensure a continuance and pragmatic approach to patient satisfaction scored the highest. Similarly, other assorted countries of South East Asia and the Far East were typically found at the long-term end of this dimension, as the societies reflected a hierarchal structure with a stronger presence of a Feminine (Masculinity) value system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the implications of persons' stereotypic negative perception who start the day's activities late for career success and employees. It recommends that supervisors will show a pervasive morning bias and stereotype employees having late start times as less conscientious compared to employees having early start times. Empirical research suggests that the stereotypic connection between goodness and morningness can be traced in part to the association between conscientiousness and morningness, a personality trait related to dutifulness, self-discipline, organization and hard work.

Present paper is studying impacts of Caste, Gender and Socio-Economic-Status on Five personality factors which are Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. NEO-Five Factor personality Inventory-R and Janbandhu's Socioeconomic Scale were administered on total purposive sample of 144 students both boys and girls studying at degree college. Gender ratio 1:1 was assured. Caste, Gender and Socio-Economic-Status were taken as independent variables, each varying at two opposite levels and five factors of personality were dependent variables. The 2x2x2 factorial design was developed. Computation of ANOVA enabled to investigate main as well as interaction effects of IVs on DVs. Main effect of caste has brought out highly significant result (F = 21.554; df = 1 and 136, p< 0.01.), where scheduled caste students scored more on neuroticism than students belonging to open caste. The caste also drawn significant result (F=4.584; df 1 & 136; P<0.05) on extroversion, where open caste students found more extrovert than scheduled caste students. The SES also brought out significant results (F=4.425; df 1 & 136; P<0.05) related to extroversion and it is noted that, students from high SES scored more on extroversion than students from low SES. Main effect of gender is also significant, with the result (F= 11.774; df = 1 and 136; P<0.01) it is evident that, girls scored more on agreeableness than boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge about the architecture of a software-intensive system tends to vaporize easily. This leads to increased maintenance costs. We explore a new idea: utilizing the repertory grid technique to capture tacit architectural knowledge. Particularly, we investigate the elicitation of design decision alternatives and their characteristics. To study the applicability of this idea, we performed an exploratory study. Seven independent subjects applied the repertory grid technique to document a design decision they had to take in previous projects. Then, we interviewed each subject to understand their perception about the technique. We identified advantages and disadvantages of using the technique. The main advantage is the reasoning support it provides; the main disadvantage is the additional effort it requires. Also, applying the technique depends on the context of the project. Using the repertory grid technique is a promising approach for fighting architectural knowledge vaporization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on human resources topics which include an evaluation of employees' perceived appraisal accuracy in China, a measurement of faking that increases the validity of personality tests, and a model of the role of recruitment messages in recruiting environmentally responsible applicants.

The article focuses on political skill. Political skills are defined as the ability to understand coworkers and influence others to behave in ways that improve one's personal and/or organizational objectives. The Political Skills Inventory (PSI) was developed using samples from North America. The authors probed the generalizability of the political skill construct by showing a similar factor structure of political skill and ensuring the validity of the construct in a non-American culture. Validation evidence for the PSI translated into the Russian language is provided.

Chait, Carraher and Buckley (2000) contend that "quality service depends, in part, on the skills, attitudes and personality traits of the service provider" (p. 110). Since attitudes and personalities are difficult to change, selecting individuals with the right characteristics for service jobs is very important. Research (Pohlman and Gardiner, 2000) has shown that when companies deliver outstanding customer service they create value over time. Customers judge companies by the quality of their service (Chait et al., 2000). Excellent customer service keeps customers coming back even when the product is cheaper elsewhere (Solnet and Kandampully, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to determine the best practices for managers in selecting an applicant for a customer service job in a cross cultural setting. Despite intensive job interviews the right person is not always selected for the right job. Using the biodata inventory of McBride, Mendoza, and Carraher (1997) this paper investigates what personality traits have the best performance outcomes; look at some of the different selection processes that are used; and focus on selection processes that utilize personality traits. Even though researchers have found that personality tests are the best way to select a person for a customer service job, organizations have not implemented them into their selection process. This paper takes Klehe beliefs that researchers have not understood the complexities and pressures that organizations are under and that is why they are reluctant to adopt scientifically recommended selection procedures. Organizational constraints consist of costs, applicant acceptance and litigation. We use a sample of 161 individuals in the health care field in order to compare multiple instruments in an actual cross-cultural work setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares two priming models (The General Aggression Model and the Automaticity Model) predicting that a digital self-representation (i.e., avatar) exerts non-conscious influences on users. The results show that participants using a KKK-associated avatar created more aggressive Thematic Apperception Test stories in comparison to a control group. On the other hand participants using doctor-related avatars created stories with more affiliative themes, suggesting that virtual primes increase the probability of both positive and negative social effects. The results support the principles of the automaticity model of priming effects, and provide initial evidence for automatic processes in virtual settings. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the question, if individuals have styles of media use that can be observed not only across certain situations but also across media types: trans-media use-styles (TMUS). As example, it is assumed that individuals, who are usually choosing TV programs spontaneously, prefer spontaneous selection when using other media types, too. In a first survey, questionnaires were submitted to n=382 participants who self-reported their media-use styles concerning different media types. The results confirmed the concept: Most dimensions correlated across television, newspapers, magazines, and (mass media) web-sites. Furthermore, personality measurements were found to be responsible for a considerable portion of individual TMUS. In an additional observational study, each of n=51 participants was, firstly, asked to freely watch television for 20 minutes. All actions were logged to the second. Secondly, each subject obtained 3 popular magazines which s/he could deliberately read or browse for 20 minutes. Afterwards, a copy-test of all articles read was conducted. These data, again, confirmed the TMUS concept. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the distance education debate has focused on either student outcomes or satisfaction with distance learning courses. One significant factor that has been overlooked is the role of student personality characteristics in distance education. This study examines two overall research questions. First, are certain student personality types, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) attracted to taking more computer and Internet-based distance learning courses than other personality types? Second, do students, regardless of their own personality types, have a preference for the types of computer and Internet-based courses they would take via distance? The results indicate that MBTI INTP (introverted thinkers with intuition) type students are most attracted to distance learning as a pedagogical method. For the second question, students indicated preferences for courses that emphasize introversion, sensing, and thinking (versus extraversion, intuition, and feeling) characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

103 Navy OD consultants were administered four personality tests. Their effectiveness was rated by their peers and superiors. Multiple regression analyses and t-tests supported the hypothesis that personality characteristics are significantly related to consultant effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Lewinian model is developed and utilized to identify the criteria for managerial decisions regarding FTC compliance. Decision criteria are analyzed through a projective technique which describes an intentional violation of an FTC order. Individual normative restraining forces and organizational calculative restraining forces are found to be significant decision criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the validity of the use of personality tests with aptitude tests as predictors of performance for 203 warehousers. Results indicated cognitive ability explained a significant 2% of the variance in performance, with the interaction between cognitive ability and personality explaining a significant incremental 9% of the variance in performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which aims to establish the prevalence of gambling in general and poker play among teenagers in Australia. Hypotheses are presented which include the idea that teenagers who have gambled even once in their life will score higher on the impulsive sensation seeking scale compared to teenagers who have never gambled in their life. The methods and findings of the study are presented.

A preliminary approach to study the relationship between anger and inmate personality was conducted by examining the anger histories and personality traits of high security inmates. As part of voluntary participation in a correctional treatment program within a high security prison, 42 inmates completed the Anger Screening Test (AST), NEO Personality Inventory, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). The results of the AST were compared with a normative set of college males. Additionally, an evaluation of anger items were compared with the personality tests as an exploratory study into the dynamics of inmate anger. The results suggested that prison inmates have experienced a greater degree of anger in their lives than the normative sample. The expression of their anger may relate to personality factors that predispose prison inmates to future anger and aggression. From a treatment standpoint, it is useful to employ more than one measure of anger during the assessment process. Also, it was seen that some inmates may use the assessment process as a "cry for help" that will not be presented in the group counseling setting. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the augmentative communication aid developed by Prentke Romich Co. and the Applied Science and Engineering Laboratories which is enhanced with NLP techniques specifically semantic and syntactic parsing. This is to facilitate the generation longer and syntactically correct sentences of the people with cognitive disorders. Individuals using the system may be perceived as more socially and communicatively competent.

The articel presents a study which examined the impact of the level of creativity of psychotherapists on their patients. Psychotherapists were obliged to provide demographic information and complete creativity test and personality questionnaire in order to ascertain the effectiveness of psychotherapist-client relationships. The study reaffirmed the importance of creativity in effective psychotherapy.

This paper will provide an overview of the importance of evidenced based decision making in the field of corrections. Specifically, the authors will examine how correctional practitioners can use an offender's score on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised and the Jesness Inventory in conjunction with information on community supervision level and intervention services to make empirically informed decisions regarding correctional program placement. Evidence based decision making is important as it increases the likelihood that offenders respond positively to the interventions provided. The policy implications of this research are discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates associations between intercultural effectiveness and effectiveness of teachers (N = 74) and learners (N = 176) of languages in a variety of national locations. Such associations are strongly suggested in both the language pedagogical, and in the intercultural, literature but had been the subject of little empirical investigation. The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was identified as a suitable instrument for predicting intercultural effectiveness. The study found that the MPQ's Cultural Empathy subscale was highly predictive of language learning ability and achievement, although a new and exploratory subscale, Intergroup Cultural Empathy was slightly better at predicting certain aspects of language learning achievement. Openmindedness, Flexibility and, to a certain extent, Social Initiative were also found to predict language learning achievement. Cultural Empathy, Intergroup Cultural Empathy, Openmindedness and Social Initiative also predicted self-rated language teaching ability. These findings offer support for those who advocate an intercultural approach to language learning and teaching. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though social deviance does not necessarily have to be criminal, some individuals deviate from the norms of the society. Actors who are known to have different thoughts, tendencies, and attitudes are likely to exhibit deviant behaviors. Factors that lead an individual to deviant behavior can be classified as internal and external factors. Personality, as contended by some, is an important factor in explaining social deviance. This study attempts to examine whether personality and personal traits are effective in explaining behaviors that conflict with social and legal norms. The British psychologist Cattel's 16-factor personality test has been applied to ninety-seven inmates serving time for a variety of crimes ranging from petty offenses to separatist terrorism in what is called an E Type prison in an eastern city of Turkey. The findings presented in this study help to the relationship between personality and social deviance in a nonwestern setting of the world. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathy has been used to describe a series of socially undesirable traits, usually among those with criminal history. Students were given the Psychopathy Personality Inventory (PPI) developed by Lilienfeld and Andrews (1996). The PPI is a self-report instrument developed to detect the presence of psychopathic personality traits. The scale has 187 items and 8 subscales (Machievellian Egocentricity, Social Potency, Fearlessness, Coldheartedness, Impulsive Nonconformity, Alientation, Carefree Nonplanfulness, and Stress Immunity). Students from different disciplines of study were invited to participate in the personality inventory as part of a learning exercise. Analyses were done to test whether certain disciplines were higher in psychopathic traits than others and whether scores on the PPI were related to students future career plans. We argue that many of these traits are functional and adaptive when expressed in socially acceptable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is one of the most widely used personality assessments with offender populations. The relationship between MMPI results and program participation was examined in 49 adult male offenders. This research comments on the use of personality assessments in treatment planning, and contributes to a growing literature on the importance of addressing responsivity factors in correctional interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]