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In recent years, the human population has reached its peak in both the developing countries and developed countries like India and China. An increase in personnel density ended up being a hard task to maintain or manage people flow in socio-public places. However, people flow management is out of control for humans, which may also cause some safety damages. This paper aims to give an optimal solution for people flow with the help of machine learning, deep learning, and also AI-cameras are used for counting the number of people entering and leaving a user-defined place. Here, also the centroid tracking and centroid detecting algorithms are used to count the number of people together with their direction. This technique helps to replace manual security,in-store traffic management, and much more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two main domains of Indian economy are agriculture and manufacturing. More than 50 percent of the total employment force directly, indirect depends on agriculture which contributes around 17-18 percent to the country's GDP from agriculture. Uncertainty in production, changing government policies, urbanization effects this percentage and an estimated drop in this work force would be 25.7 percent by 2050. With the challenges which are may or may not be controlled by human intervention, but use of different machine and technology can work coping against those natural factors in one or another way. Unmanned Air Vehicles with sensors, synonym for Flying Agriculture Networks is a new technology for agriculture is widely used for different chore in agriculture and prove their efficiency to improve the production. This technological transformation supports the farming communities for improvement, can become a strong key to feed the growing population of world. With increasing availability of affordable systems, use of smart systems may boost the production towards rising consumer expectation and cares the rapid growth of agriculture production. India accounted for 55 per cent market share of the US$ 200-250 billion global services sourcing business in 2019-20, which is the largest sourcing destination; on the other hand, India accounted for only 8 percent for smart agriculture devices. Use of technology in India for agriculture is a big challenge due to traditional believes, social and political issues. This paper survey is about Indian perspective for the use of FANET in agriculture, their challenges and opportunities. A detailed survey is conducted with 2000 farmers across the India for availability and challenges facing by them to use technology. Paper is also discussing the Government support, initiatives in last few years and current reports for use of UAV's in the Indian Agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the largest countries of the world with a high population density. Being a developing country, this nation is facing enormous challenges in regulating its air quality. Population growth, vehicular ownership, urbanization, demand of energy and industrialization process are driving the pollution level to an alarming state in Delhi which is the capital of India. Accurate air quality index (AQI) forecasting of Delhi will assist Government in making strategic decisions so as to avoid catastrophic deterioration in the quality of healthy air. Motivated from this, in this paper, for the first time a systematic study is made to assess the effectiveness of four promising univariate statistical forecasting models and twelve machine learning (ML) models in predicting the AQI of Delhi. Four accuracy measures including "mean absolute scaled error (MASE), symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE), root means square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)" are used to assess the performance of statistical and ML models. Extensive statistical analyses on obtained results using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test illustrate the superiority of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models than other considered models in predicting the Delhi AQI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptocurrency is a form of virtual currency which uses the method of encryption. Like paper currency, any person may invest in cryptocurrency and make transaction in the digital world. But the biggest weakness of this virtual or digital currency is that it works in a decentralized system and is not regulated in India. However, efforts have been made by government time to time for its regulation. Supreme Court of India plays very important role for the existence of the cryptocurrency in the country as it uplifts the blanket ban on cryptocurrency transaction imposed by the Reserve Bank of India. This paper discussed the meaning of cryptocurrency and how it works. Further it discussed the regulatory journey of cryptocurrency in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The epidemic caused by Covid-19, which has shattered the world wide economy, has also deviated the Indian economy. Almost all Indian states have taken strict actions of quarantine to regulate the spread of coronavirus. The purpose of this paper is to look over the socioeconomic affect of coronavirus and policy reforms in India. Originality: Previous studies have either used single day data or max of a week data to explore the effect of the Covid-19 crisis or most of them focus on a single sector such as the economy. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to look at Covid-19's socioeconomic effect on Indian states. Methodology: The present study used secondary data from several authentic websites such as the Worldometer, UNESCO, and newspapers. The period used for analysis is from March to July 2020. Findings: The results indicate that India isnoexceptioningettingthesevereimpact of the Covid-19, and Western and Southern are highly influenced compared to other regions of India. Implications: Thepresentpaperhasthefollowingimplications. First, societal policies can positively influence the community and economic well-being of individuals. Second, the recent outbreak has shown how a biological catastrophe will be converted into a sociological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state of venture capital funding is considerably different from that of the past. Venture capital investment in India is available to anybody who can identify a distinctive company concept with a developing market, an efficient management team, an original business plan, and the potential to become a home-run firm. When they come across a start-up that has all the required characteristics that make it a good investment, venture capitalists jump at the chance to invest in it with the goal of making large profits. As the case history of Flipkart's success is no longer a fresh storey, the fact that the company has been able to attract venture financing is significant in this regard. This paper mainly explores the corporate venture finance and growth of start-ups in India. Recently many of the corporate come forward to support the start-up. This paper mainly explores the factors which need to attract the venture capital toward to start up firm or companies. The start-up needs a funding in various stages, beside most of the start-up has just the idea and not much fundings for their implementation of Idea. So, this exploration will provide the essential key factors on which start up must be concern if they need funding from corporates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ease of internet access, social media has proven as the mecca of connecting people worldwide, but as much as social media has established itself as a boon for people, it is a curse as well. Within a short time, social media's impact has brought the whole world together in one spot where individuals may express their thoughts and ideas. With India's user report standing at 518 million in 2020, the number might go up to 1.5 billion by 2040, while the worldwide social media users number stands at 4.55 billion people, which is more than a half-world now. Social media has undoubtedly proved a boon, opening doors towards ample opportunities for people worldwide, from allowing them to do business online to showcasing their talents which sometimes boosts their career once they get recognized. However, coming to the darker side, social media can be labelled as a curse as well in place of the boon, given the occurrence of cybercrimes, be it burglary or theft of personal data, spamming, impersonating by creating fake id using people's information present over social network handles, cyberbullying or sex crimes (especially paedophiles), and the list continues. The following study outlines the precautionary steps to safeguard oneself against cybercrimes and reviews the concerned research papers covering threat analysis of social media crimes using Artificial Intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an emerging technology that can provide innovative solutions for various complex real life problems. The Blockchain is essentially a ledger that effectively records as well as verifies every transaction which can easily be engineered to keep a record of practically everything with value. Blockchain is distributed that made it trust worthy as copies of the transactions are maintained at multiple nodes. All the copies cannot be modified by one intruder. This prompts to a dependable environment for money related transactions. It is among the efficient and highly transparent system that can have great value in the finance, supply chain management, real estate, healthcare, insurance, and other industries that are data-intensive. Blockchain can enhance the efficiency while collecting and storing the medical records. Evidence-based better care, quicker and more accurate diagnoses that result in better treatments at lower costs of care, avoiding needless investigations, powerful and predictive analytics to support individualized care, and improved health policy decisions based on better understanding are just a few advantages of collecting medical records. The research on the paper starts with the exploration of Blockchain technology for different industries in India. The research will further investigate the implications of Blockchain system in the health care sector and will propose the model for its effective implementation. The objective of the study was to understand the applications and benefits of Blockchain in healthcare sector especially in Indian context. The researchers and government bodies trusted the Blockchain that can act as solution to different healthcare challenges in context to Indian Healthcare system. The study will further focus on the key challenges in the implementation of Blockchain. This work also includes review of Blockchain implementation in the healthcare industry and the review of different white papers, reports and publications available in renowned electronic databases. Companies are already experimenting with Blockchain technology to improve the global supply chain's integrity, traceability, and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the percentage of expenditure on public education of a country and the effect that each percentage mark has on the economic growth, and therefore Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. The goal of this paper is to explore how investment in education impacts the economic growth of a country through the production of more skilled workers in the workforce. This paper aims to draw a comparison between the BRICS countries, and a representative number of the countries in the European Union to compare the investment, process and product delivered through these groupings. By looking at the production function from a Marxist perspective it is inevitable to notice that the error coefficient is significantly higher within the BRICS countries than in the European Union, which is reflected in the rate of economic growth. This paper would be of interest to economists, education policy makers, researchers, and scholars.

In India, most of the growers live in remote and hilly areas. They are forced to live without power since they are not connected to grid. The present trend of increasing oil prices becomes burdensome to the grower depending on diesel generator sets. The renewable energy utilization is one of the alternate sources for running the pump for supply water to irrigation land. In this paper, the solar energy is being used to operate the pump and can be operated at a given time depend upon the requirement of water to the field based on overcoming power supply issues and generation. The reason behind case study is water pumping network control system of Global System Module (GSM) work is to design, test and evaluate a wireless water pump control system customized for working in long distant places and improve efficiency. Also this shows the water effectively using solar energy operated pump by measuring the soil moisture using sensors and there by supplying the required quantity of water, it will designed for four crops namely; 1) Sun flower 2) Wheat 3) Ground nut 4) Corn. The evaluation of the performances is based on results for crops by using hardware device unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is a method of discovery of insights from the texts or comments or feedbacks from underlying a document (opinion mining). This can also be seen as a perspective, a decision or feedbacks on a particular subject matter. The analysis can be done using polarity detection which is a popular technique to devise and segregate information or data as positive, negative or neutral sentiments obtained from different content systems, such as news, audits and tweets. To forecast the results of the recent US presidential elections, this paper aims to operate on data derived from Twitter. The data is available on https://github.com/dhruvsharma2351996/US%5fElection%5fPrediction%5fdata. In the field of politics, where political institutions need to grasp public opinion and therefore evaluate their campaigning strategy, the reasoning behind performing this research isthat the prediction will also help to know that which party has more favorable views and will help to predict future early. US presidential elections will have a major impact on India and by this research paper we will also study the major it will have on Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate analytically the non-linear structure and extent of complexity and chaos in public and private sector Bank Stocks as well as the indices: NIFTY and Bank NIFTY in India. In this paper, analysis of the time series was performed using the Wolf algorithm along with optimization using FET and BASGEN algorithms for numerical evaluation of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing power demand in day-to-day life paves way for more renewable energy-based resources in our life. Wind energy is one other most reliable energy in India and is expeditiously increasing in the recent years. Amidst the various wind turbines available for wind power extraction, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) has many advantages owing to its attractive concept. The past research on this machine have analysed the various techniques used for extracting utmost power from the available wind energy. This review paper analyses the best control techniques that are available for controlling the PMSG, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods both stereotyped as well as smart techniques and charging control techniques in both balanced along with unbalanced load conditions for a standalone PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era of concrete innovations, natural fibres hold an important role due to their abundance in tropical countries like India and their eco-friendly nature. They out-shadow the synthetic or steels fibre with its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, unhazardous production, nil heat generation to medium, and many property-oriented benefits. Amongst natural fibres, coir fibres dominate the local availability and have better mechanical and durability properties, hence the comparative analysis on former parameters of coir fibre reinforced cement composite (CFRCC), along with the general failure of natural fibre and countermeasures are reported in this paper. CFRCC with high compressive, tensile, and bond strengths and also least water absorption of cement medium at saturation made to take over the rest of local coastal natural fibre reinforced concrete. CFRCC was found to possess a predominant strength under impact loadings due to the hard nature and appreciable setup of constituent materials in the coir fibre. Here, is an overview of the mechanism behind attaining corresponding strength studied on the elementary level. Further, the predominant terminologies and models of mechanical behaviour for understanding material performance without mathematical details are discussed. Additionally, the general failure mechanism of natural fibre with specific improvement based on coir fibre was dealt with in the work. References from the authors of various time scales included as a means of comparing durability enhancement methods are discussed in this work. CFRCC held the appreciable improvement of the properties amongst the other modified natural fibre reinforced cement composite, including the durability aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented here focuses upon the MHCV truck segment in general and particularly on multi axle heavy trucks of 25 tonnes GVW and above, which is seeing an ever-growing acceptance among the Indian trucking fraternity – due to their supposed higher productivity, operational efficiency and consequentially higher profitability. The study establishes that multi-axle vehicles do have certain inherent advantages in terms of load carrying across different terrain and different load categories. It also highlights the safety aspects of heavy truck transportation by providing insight upon the efficiency of the drivers, which can be further improved by providing air-conditioned and factory-made cabins, as the degree of tiredness felt among the respondent drivers were observed to be less in comparison to the drivers in non-air-conditioned cabins. Overall, this paper captures the operational business sense of the transition from two-axle trucks to multi-axle trucks that has been happening in India since year 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a developing country, like India women have to struggle more to pursue reputable profession and work tirelessly to arrive at equivalence to their male counterparts. Macro level factors, such as cultural and social norms play an essential role in the existence of gender-based violence within any country, including India. But, individual-level parameters, like observing violence between one's parents while growing up, absent or rejecting father, aberrant peer associations etc. also have significant function in development of such violence. Thus, it is important to evaluate assorted factors for domestic violence so that such hostility can be prevented from occurring in the first place. Hence, this paper for the first time in the world applies a novel multi-criteria decision making tool, Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) approach to examine the reasons for domestic violence of working women in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is an Agriculture based country and about 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their living. But there is a substantiable reduction in agricultural production has happened due to unstable climate conditions and global warming. Indian farmers are always lacking the support of advanced technologies for improving and maximizing their yield. If they get explicit information about soil type, nutrients, pH value, changes in climatic factors, previous year yield etc., they can optimize their work and yield. With the advancement of machine learning, big data analytics and cloud computing technologies, the climate and crop yield can be got predicted to the farmers. Prediction of yield in advance can help the farmers to take corrective decisions about fertilization, storage and marketing to increase their production and revenue. A huge number of studies have been conducted worldwide, on agriculture sector for the prediction of crop yield, plant diseases etc. This paper presents a brief study of different researches in India on crop yield prediction based on Machine Learning and deep learning. Most of the researchers used environmental parameters like temperature, rainfall and soil type as the main features for prediction. A number of machine learning algorithms are employed in this field and it is really a complex task to identify the best algorithm. The researchers tried to accurately predict the crop yield and thereby suggesting ways to improve production and efficient use of fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Deforestation is a huge problem. The World Economic Forum Says that its "one of the greatest challenges facing humanity." According to them, it could translate into Disastrous climate change, loss of species, significantly affect Human and natural habitats with leading to a pandemic like situations. According to the Global forest watch from 2002 to 2020, in India lost about around 350 kha of humid forest, contributing 90% of its total cover tree reduction at the same years. Planting more and more trees will help in reforestation and technology will play a vital part. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used in various applications. This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of a semi-autonomous drone that can be used to disperse seedballs for reforestation purpose. In order to reduce plantation time, seedballs were dispersed in the field with the help of seed dispenser mechanism, which specially developed and integrated with the quadcopter drones. The drone consists of a GPS system which is interfaced to the DJI Naza flight controller. The flow rate of the dispersed seedballs is controlled by Servomotor. This drone is tested in a manually. And it will help to increase reforestation in the fight of climate change'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Neem tree is a cabinet of medicine. Every part of this tree is beneficial for human health, they don't need a lot of water, can maintain their biomass during drought conditions, therefore it is usually found in the tropical and semi-tropical regions. It has been known from ancient times and being called a divine tree with a giving nature. In India where water is scarce, we can find those evergreen, shade-giving neem trees in those regions. Every part of the neem trees contains a lot of phytochemicals whether we take into account its seed, fruit, flower, bark, stems and, leaves. The seeds of the neem tree contain a lot of phytochemicals one of them is azadirachtin, (tetranortriterpenoid) which is the most active phytochemical used to inhibit the growth of insects, hence it is the main acting compound in many pesticides that are used for healthy growth of the plant. Recently the silver nanoparticle was developed using acidified neem sawdust, and nanoparticle of titanium dioxide using neem leaf extract and we know nanoparticles are being used in so many areas including medicine where they are used to deliver drugs or other substances to a cancer cell being specific, they don't affect the healthy cell. This is one of the most advanced applications of Azadirachta-indica in medicine there is a lot more that have been used since ancient times like flowers and leaves used in the cooking and safekeeping of stored rice, twigs instead of toothbrush and gargle. Other parts are also used in different medical conditions like to treat malaria, some skin diseases, fungal infections, inflammation diabetes, as an analgesic or antioxidant. Azadirachta-indica from the family of Meliaceae has a lot of medicinal uses which have been discussed below in this review paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a country of diversity. The primary occupation of the country is agriculture. In our country there is perfect weather conditions. There are significant challenges due to climatic changes that effects multiple sectors, which includes agriculture. According to food and agriculture organisation (FAO), the food production has to be increased by 70% by 2050 to meet food requirement of the population. The answer to this challenge is by introducing the new technology in the sector. In detailed introduction of IOT, UAVs and many technologies. Precision agriculture's tasks like smart spraying and aerial crop monitoring etc. Use of software development kit (SDKs) in UAVs will connect it to the mobile phones which makes farmer's ease of use. Introducing GPS in the UAV's makes discrete time broadcasts of its global coordinates, which also makes UAVs to fly at same altitude, autopilot, auto home return. By using sensors like collision avoidance sensors (CAS), gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, barometer, range finder, helps the UAVs for anti-collision, balancing, determining speed, range respectively. By using thermal imaging camera, farmers can see which part of the field was affected by pests. By using the cameras farmers can monitor their crops, they can even survey their field. In this paper, we introduce the AI technology in the UAVs to help the farmers. Finally, we outline UAV based solutions for the challenges in precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students attendance is one of the primary and most vital things that is used in all the schools. Schools have numerous systems for taking attendance. Some of them use manual attendance, while some of them taking attendance by making use of the bar codes embedded in the student identity cards. Though various systems are been used still it needs ample development to make it more efficient with minimal time consumption. In this paper, we have proposed a model for taking the attendance of the students by making use of biometric attendance systems that are intended to make use of WFT (Wireless Fingerprint System). The system proposed in the paper makes use of the unique Aadhaar number that is given to all the citizens of India. The student biometric is matched with their respective Aadhaar number. By making use of the proposed system it is not only useful for attendance tracking but also useful for the government to provide scholarships or education fees waiver to the deserved students. The system makes use of local normalization, second stage enhancement and matching modules to make it more efficient when compared to other traditional attendance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very common part of discussion that normal structures lag behind in terms of energy saving and its corresponding impacts on environment. This drives research to show implementation of common solutions and concepts that can be easily applied by majority of individuals to fulfill sustainable and self-sufficient goals to lead to a better habitat to live in. The aim of paper is to explore proper application of most common and most essential cost-effective design solutions to make structure following a step towards self-sufficient in itself. The paper has emphasized on quantitative and mathematical approach of study generating owns secondary data, from various research papers that are based upon similar background aspects. The value analyzed for solar panel tilt should range from 20o-30o for maximum efficiency, similarly distance between panels should be 1m-1.6m and horizontal shading device and vertical shading device should have at least depth of 450mm and 700mm respectively. The study is limited to a particular climate and region. i.e., Northeast region of India and focuses only upon most critical parameters. This paper will provide new directions for self-sufficiency in structures, which will further add values to the domain of architecture and civil engineering. Further, new areas of research can be application of new design alternatives for self-sufficiency, with respect to several other climatic conditions and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in data from modern sources, the heterogeneous nature of data, ambiguous and unstructured data, and the so-called Big Data with all of its five v's characteristics, indicate a growing need to use approaches that provide assistance in modeling and processing these data, provide additional automated data processing, and so on. The majority of all these studies involve one or more big data sets that may be used in various applications. Most of these selected papers use one or more distributed frameworks (such as MapReduce, Spark, or HDFS Hadoop distributed file systems). Furthermore, more than one strategy of Web mining is dealt with (such as Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest, as examples) more than recommender system types (collaborative filtering, or/and content-based filtering). Various data sets were used (such as Movie Lens data set, LDOSCoMoDa data set, real bank loans dataset, using Facebook and Twitter for collecting data, data was taken across different companies, thousands of movies were used as exemplary data sets, or data sets used a sample data from different schools of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) across India). Testing accuracy on the dataset obtained is required in the accuracy used (precision and recall). The best precision was 0.9886 and the best recall was 0.9835 in these studies. We have displayed some studies that have high precision and low recall and some other studies that have low precision and high recall. This paper introduces a literature survey about recommender systems that deal with big data through web mining techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of success of rural countries like India. In this way, the proposed procedure is to utilize mechanization and web of thing (IoT) innovation to form agribusiness smart. There are currently several commercial IoT frameworks for water system planning that create differentiators for water monitoring and storage. However, this framework focuses on exploiting newly available water resources without controlling the selected water resources. Think about it, an inexpensive Arduino-based IoT framework was developed to design a computerized water system, and it will provide estimation of water requirements by using low-cost available sensors. This paper is around IOT based keen cultivating and water structure framework. The extreme motivation of this paper is to computerize the method of watering to plants. This work makes a difference us to notice the values of different parameters like moisture, temperature, humidity of plants and water them appropriately. This can be done utilizing Arduino board, voltage controller and transfer which commands the engine. In this paper, we have created an brilliantly water system framework that will control the water apportioning to the trim intelligently without any administrator and endeavors low-cost Arduino-based water system gadgets, sensors, particularly advanced procedures actualized in water system frameworks and farming, such as shrewdly water system frameworks. The main vision of this research is to detect minimum amount of water needed to nourish plants. Mass of the ranchers waste time instead of focusing on providing water to the crops at the time of need. The proposed framework find out the desired quantity of water on the basis of information received through the sensors - The main advantage of the system is the use of precision agribusiness and cloud platforms, which can expand the water use compost, which also helps in decision making. to increase crop yields. the weather conditions of the field. This article moreover points to create the water system framework for domestic gardening and this framework can be kept up without any human checking. It consequently checks the dampness of the soil beneath the tree and plants within the domestic cultivate and in case the dampness is moo it demonstrates the message and pours water naturally to the plants from the water capacity to which it is associated. The exact utilization of water system strategy is needed as there may be a requirement of precipitation or there may be dried regions. For this cause, a mechanized water system framework is utilized in which it is appropriate in all weather conditions. The soil dampness detector will sense the water substance and demonstrate either to pump the water or not. This will offer assistance to diminish the wastage of water additionally makes a difference to grow the plants indeed in the event that the human isn't physically present. The developed IoT framework has been tested in several field tests to calculate sensor accuracy, independent monitoring and operation, and usability monitoring, and to evaluate its capabilities and functionality. This framework appears to have been used effectively for the management and control of various water resources: water, groundwater, seawater and wastewater. By extension, it has been shown that the frame can be used for long periods without a source of control, which will make it a ideal device for using in annual crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers grind away in the fields to take home just an exiguous income. Now, the agriculture industry is already a burdened industry with uncertainties from all directions. One of the major issues the industry is facing is crop loss. In India, every year around 30-40 per cent crops are lost. This has adverse effects on food security of the highly populated nation. For that matter, India is the 16th hungriest country in the world. Thus, there is a need to identify, understand and overcome agronomic losses. Extreme climate events and crop diseases are the two major reasons for crop losses. While climate events are less controllable, plant disease prevention becomes an important area of interest. Detecting plant diseases at early stages using images serves as key to preclusion of severity. In this paper, we have surveyed some of the significant papers on plant disease detection using image processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, there is a growing concern of the heart diseases and deaths due to heart failure. The severity of the problem can be minimised by efficient heart rate monitoring which can be used to provide before time caution to cater heart attack. Wearable sensor can be designed to sense the pulse. The sensor can be either placed near to heart or on the wrist to sense pulses and send pulse signals to the doctors. Such sensor should adhere to the skin for sufficiently long period without causing etching to the patient. It should also be bendable and stretchable like skin. This paper is a part of the research work carried out to develop patch type sensor, which is termed as Electronic Tattoo (ET). In pursuit for development of ET, we came across various designs and candidate materials which can be used for the ET. Thus, in this paper, we describe the process of selecting best suited method and material for the ET. It may also be noted that the sensor development is governed by the prevailing IEEE 802.15.6 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently the perception of sustainability has been dominant in the field of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture means economical agriculture by following the practices which are eco-friendly. This results in increasing the attention of the stakeholders for monitoring as well as evaluating the practices being used in agriculture. It is realized that there are many limitations to creating a commonly accepted term for sustainable agriculture. So many opinions are there with reference to the realization of sustainable agriculture. In this work, we present the concept of sustainable agriculture and the methods as well as practices that are economically feasible, eco-friendly and shield public health. A special attention is given towards the use of nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture. As such, most of the rural people, particularly the young generation, are not interested in farming as there is no certainty in the output and if at all output becomes favorable, getting the appropriate price is a point of concern. Existing farmers in India are using fertilizers and pesticides which are not cost-effective owing to the price and usage of improper quantum. Moreover, they are also becoming the main source of pollution and health hazards. The dual problem of the usage of fertilizers and pesticides can be addressed by nanoscience by way of providing nanomaterials like nano fertilizers and nano pesticides having better potential to perform. The use of nano fertilizers like N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo and carbon nanotubes facilitates more efficiency as they stand for enhanced action and targeted delivery efficiency. Similarly, the use of nano pesticides like Ag, Cu, SiO2, ZnO and nano formulations also has the potential for escalated performance as compared to traditional pesticides. Considering the potential of the nanomaterials, this paper is highlighting how nano fertilizers and nano pesticides can help the Indian agriculture to be sustainable. For this purpose, existing literature has been the base. Similarly, this paper also unfolds the level of acceptability of nanomaterials by the Indian farmers which have been ascertained by way of personal interaction with 100 farmers of Odisha. It is inferred that, with the immense potential of the nanomaterials and the positive perception of Odisha farmers on them, Indian agriculture can be sustainable with the help of nanotechnology. It is a fact that sustainable agriculture can turn the Indian rural economy around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term Industry 4.0 refers to a process in which machines provide services and communicate information with products in real-time. It has enormous features which facilitate automation, monitoring, and diagnostic purpose of any system. It is a method for switching from traditional machines to digital manufacturing. The industries must thoroughly understand the I4.0 standard to get the maximum output. Various methodologies and conversations are being pursued in the present context to produce road maps, and some of which are reviewed in this paper. Gauging I4.0 modules and relevant features are paramount to distinguish the mainstays of a concrete future manufacturing atmosphere. The paper's main aim is to analyze, evaluate the most agreed approaches for the readiness of I4.0. The study also pointed out that I4.0 has specific challenges to overcome and the way forward to make India a leading manufacturing hub. This study demands attention to the necessity for more incredible research on the role of manufacturing success among academics, practitioners, and policymakers. As a result, this could serve as a foundation for encouraging practitioners to place a greater emphasis on the I4.0 for the future-ready manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Maharashtra, India with children studying in a regional medium (Marathi) government school. In Marathi, the translation of the word 'about' is not very commonly used. The aim of the study was to see how the children used uncertain language about prediction while engaged in a statistical investigation and how children would respond to the uncertain language introduced by the researcher. The findings suggest that children did not use the equivalent word for 'about' without prompting from the researcher. The study has the potential of exploring and impacting the influences of language on the learning of statistics in a non-Western culture.

Indian Railways is investing INR 814.590 billion (£8.15 billion) in two new dedicated freight corridors to decongest its heavily used national railway network. Due for completion in 2022, the new 1839 km eastern corridor runs fro. DFCCIL, Delhi to Kolkata while the 1499 km western corridor, capable of carrying double-stack containers, link. DFCCIL, Delhi to Mumbai. This paper describes the procurement process and the new technologies being adopted on the project. These include the first use in India of 32.5 t axle loads, continuous welded track, twin 25 kV overhead electrification, and automatic signalling and centralised train control for 100 km/h line speeds. The project is expected to shift a significant amount of freight transport from road to rail, saving an estimated 455 Mt of carbon dioxide emissions over 30 years of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces as the prime objective, the students' perspective towards online studies amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak which has turn out to be of utmost importance due to increased demand to opt for online learning as the only method of teaching and learning. It must also be addressed that the future of online learning is more promising and challenging as well. Overall rating for the acceptance towards online sessions, comfort level of students, ease of classes, access to and submission of the assignments and assessments, delivery of faculties, level of infrastructure available, existing technologies and internet connectivity of the students were recorded. Data was collected from the students of Department of Hospitality Management of a renowned deemed to be university in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India through questionnaire over eight weeks lockdown period through 84 respondents between April and May 2021. The sample was made up of the undergraduate students. The paper shares a conceptual framework of Students' Perspective towards Online Studies amid COVID-19 Outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over one billion students from 150 countries are impacted due to the COVID-19 driven lockdown and educational institution closure as per the report shared by UNESCO. Innumerous efforts have been put up by the Governments of every country to control the impact of the COVID-19 but unfortunately, there is no vaccine available till now so social distancing is the only way to have an upper hand on it. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the educational systems worldwide and led to the widespread closures of Educational Institutions across the globe. Numerous educational reformers have long-held out the expectation that information and computer technologies (ICTs) will play a crucial and integral role in bringing the long-needed revolution to teaching and learning pedagogies. The situation which took place due to COVID-19, the Online Education Systems and Platforms (OESP) are playing an important role to continue with the teaching processes in the educational institutions during the worldwide closure. Statistical analysis of the covid situation on the teaching-learning process has been depicted in this paper. The present paper focuses on the change of action in the education system and the exponential growth that happened in the Online Education Segment in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is related to understanding the factors which influence Industries to dispose of their plastic waste. This research paper will also describe various factors that influence them to prefer the Informal or Formal Waste Collection Sector. With the rise of urbanization, the past decade, India is witnessing serious concerns relating to the disposal of plastic waste. Plastic pollution is increasing drastically day by day. According to the comprehensive sector survey by Greenpeace International, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industries are the major contributor to the plastic pollution crisis. Their use of single-use plastic in their products has constantly been polluting the environment. However, this is just not limited to one industry; almost every industry pollutes the environment by unsafely dumping their plastic waste into the open. Moreover, this dumping is the Informal Sector collectors like Kabadiwallas or Rag pickers who dominate the sector with a 70% presence in urban cities. Though they are an essential part of the ecosystem due to their sheer presence, they lack the understanding of recycling all kinds of waste. As we know, plastics are non-biodegradable and take ages to decompose. Hence it becomes important to arrest this process and bring the onus to the Recyclers and other Formal Waste collectors into the mix. The recyclers are better equipped to handle the waste and provide transparency for the organization to know how its waste has been disposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the leading sectors needed for a nation's growth. In this industry, modernization is essential so that the quality and volume of the production are enhanced, particularly for developing countries such as India. Farmers even today follow the traditional techniques for doing cultivation. They are not able to get appropriate profits in fields because of water logging leading to excessive irrigation. The requirement of water varies from crop to crop and from soil to soil. This paper provides an optimum way for agricultural people where all activities are atomized, and the total yield can be improved substantially. This system includes various types of sensors to measure the required parameters. The concept of IOT can be implemented to achieve the objective in the agriculture sector, which leads to smart irrigation based upon real-time data. The smart devices at the remote places will control the activities integrated into many electronics devices, controllers, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become a prominent alternative source of learning for engineering and science students. This rising proclivity for MOOCs among students is based on multiple factors. Several studies have focused on factors that affect MOOCs usage, and most of them have used the Motivation theory. These studies have primarily focused on intrinsic motivations and tangible benefits of MOOCs. However, they have rarely examined why students spend on MOOCs. This paper examines why students are paying only for a certain courses on MOOCs. Our analysis uses the theory of consumption value (TCV) to explain this phenomenon. This study uses a survey method to investigate the students' pursuit of various courses on different MOOC platforms. The survey questionnaire elicited students to share information about MOOCs they have pursued, either free or paid. Our analysis reveals that personal motivations, negative classroom experiences and different learning reasons influence Indian students to pursue MOOCs. The expenditure analysis of students on MOOCs shows that students find Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) courses are more valuable than courses from any other discipline. Finally, we discuss the findings and interpret its implications with respect to future of learning in higher education. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

Higher education equips people to inculcate the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in today's world. In India, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on key reforms in higher education that make ready the next generation to flourish and succeed in the new digital age. So the higher education system should ensure the quality meets the same. In this regard, the system needs to instill in students the hope for their success. Despite this, some students are lacking it because of the prevailing educational practices. The pass percentage of undergraduate students is not so high. This means that higher education is lacking something. The present paper reports on a qualitative exploration study using sequential semi-structured interviews on the perceptions and attributions of academically failed undergraduate students from the Malappuram District of Kerala (N=10). Reasons for their academic failure attributed to the Teacher, Curricular, Transactional, Learner and Institutional related practices in their undergraduate programme were identified and suggestions there for improvement of higher education practices were derived. The recommendations by the young learners can be implemented to make the higher education system more learner-friendly and the findings here will help to enhance the curricular reforms and improve the excellence of higher education.

Voting is a fundamental right of every citizen and to strengthen this fundamental right, it is necessary to provide a facility to each citizen to cast their vote. Due to socio-economic problems people are moving from their native places for jobs and prosperity. It results in inability to exercise the above fundamental right. As reported by the Press Trust of India (2012, April), the Election Commission of India has expressed lack of faith in online voting by citing a number of valid reasons including non-compliance with coercion-protection. This paper while taking care of those and other concerns proposes a framework through which online voting may still be successfully carried out in India or in other such diverse settings. This framework seeks to address key concerns such as security of voters, confidentiality of votes and non-duplication of votes. By conducting online elections as per this framework, there is potential to reduce cost and time drastically. A significant benefit of this framework is that it permits cutting across diversity variables and applies equally to gender, age, literacy, income level and others. This paper describes voter registration, vote casting, and a compatible framework for both computer literate and illiterate users. It also describes use of video surveillance for the conduct of free and fair elections. Latest technology like biometrics is shown to aid voter authentication and to control unfair voting, among others. This paper describes how a parliamentary elections at various levels can be conducted in just a little more than half of the current budget, thereby delivering huge savings on costs alone. The framework proposed by this paper continues to be compatible with existing processes. It also describes how election process can easily be managed with the help of significantly very less number of security personnel and rather few polling staff. In the method proposed by this paper, most Government offices and institutions would not be affected by elections and therefore may continue to work as normal. Use of this framework will release public/private transport from the burden of elections and transportation will not get affected and which will result in no inconvenient to general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help the financial sector, in general, promote financial inclusion. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been growing at an unprecedented rate, thanks to a higher acceptance of new technological advancements. AI applications are being used in diverse fields, and the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) Industry in India is one of the beneficiaries. The paper showcases the paradigm shifts due to the application of AI in the Indian Banking Sector compared to the earlier traditional banking mechanisms. AI applications, especially in the Banking Sector, benefit the underprivileged community greatly in helping them improve their access to credit lending, banking services and other critical information. The paper recommends using AI applications to ensure that the financially inactive/underprivileged sector participates in financial markets and benefits. Secondary Data is collected to gather information regarding the implementation of AI applications in the Banking and Financial Services industry and its impact on financial inclusion. The paper examines that artificial intelligence significantly affects financial inclusion, especially in solving information asymmetry, improving banking and credit services access to the underprivileged (low-income groups), providing customer service, and support through chatbots, fraud detection, and network security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being employed more frequently for defense and civilian applications these days. Despite the fact that modern technology has many advantages, it also creates new business and industrial challenges. Current laws and regulations cannot be applied to UAV's due to the fact as they are not required to use in existing infrastructure. Even in dire circumstances, UAV's may quickly overcome physical obstacles and pose a threat to society. Hence, the present manuscript focused on creating a Drone Protection System (DPS). In India over the past ten years, the use of drones for both military and civilian purposes have been evaluated. To mitigate the dangers posed by UAVs, counter-drone technologies are also being put together in the interim. This paper examines the aforementionedproblem and provides suggestions to reduce the growing threat posed by drones. Moreover, modern technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive global positioning system avoidance, and hardware application security must be considered when evaluating the efficiency of anti-drone systems. A prototype for the Anti-Drone UAV system that can capture potentially dangerous UAV's in the air is presented in this paper. The aim of the present work includes the state of the art anti-drone capture mechanism with various existing ways to halt unidentified drones, and also to determine the best method for slicing the target in half. With the first preliminary observation, a simplified Net gun is modeled and affixed with the Anti-Drone Quad copter, and successfully deployed for capturing the UAV's. The obtained results and the present concept may be used to further develop a swarm mechanism for national aerial defense as a future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution is at present a major global concern. Internal combustion engines toxic emissions are one of the primary air pollutants. To reduce the effects of fossil fuel emissions and address environmental issues, electric vehicles (EVs) are being aggressively promoted around the world. To estimate electric mobility as a good solution, almost 31% of India's population lives in cities. This number is projected to increase to 40% in 2030 and 50% in 2050. Electric-powered trains can help reduce urban air pollution, reduce emissions and improve fuel safety. In this paper, the impact of electric vehicles on grid and battery requirements in India's potential EV adoption scenario is analyzed. The government is motivating people to adopt electric vehicles. Studies suggest that high cost of electric cars, unavailability of charging infrastructure, myths related to electrical vehicles may serve as barriers to customer acceptance. On road EVs by 2030 has been called by Government of India. In this paper, the estimation has been done for number of EVs that will be sold in 2030 and the requirements of battery pack for EVs accordingly, and the electrical power required from grid for charging EVs. EV sales and other relevant details has been estimated to promote EVs. The future forecast evaluation predicted shows that by 2030, 5 to 7 percent of total electricity demand will be used to charge EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BFSI forms the cornerstone for the economy, thus forming the basis for the development of an economy by altering and regulating its activities. However, many recent developments and recurring trends and crucial banking trends like NPAs, RBI's Recapitalisation, Fraud Detection, Corporate Governance, Policy Environment, Digital Payments, Cooperative banking, diversification of revenue stream, the rise of retail credit, and continuing narrative from NBFCs, makes it imperative to categorizes the different forces at play and warrants in-depth research and analysis on how they imply for Banking as a whole in Financial Year 2020. Further, the Global environment of US Presidential elections, trade tensions, and recession also gives reason for the Indian Banking System to anticipate various layers of complexity and a series of outcomes under different circumstances. India today has a Digital payment ecosystem, which is unique in itself for innovative population-scale payment systems. Therefore, as part of this paper, we will use empirical research in the light of the above-mentioned defining trends to comprehensively quantify and extensively evaluate the growth and penetration of Digital payments in various regions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the web retailing in Indian has displayed outstanding growth in the modern times. India provides the second most significant number of on the web users in the world after China. Given the expanding importance of the online retail sector in India plus its various team of sensitivities plus region wise socio-psychological barriers, it is imperative for suppliers to understand consumer shopping preferences. In this paper, we try to understand various elements influencing the on the web buying behavior associated with Indian customers in several product categories, throughout geographic spots within India. to realize if the Native indian online shopping marketplace is ready intended for these product types or the conventional channel is recommended over by consumer. A questionnaire centered survey is employed in order to collected data through 203 Indian participants from the Rajahmundry town of eastern Godavari district within India. The study captured from each online and off-line shopping environment in order to aggregate understanding associated with customers' shopping choices. Retailers can make use of this model in order to predict the purchasing behavior of buyers based on the location. Nevertheless, intended for product categories such as Movies, Sports tools and Handbags, the high value associated with Specificity signifies the model prediction toward offline purchase intensions. So, for these types of product categories suppliers may love to concentrate more on consumer services at shops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India buying has gone through a huge change with the introduction of current arrangements, more than one course, and huge changes in allies searching for the lead. Current retailing has gone into India as is arranged through meandering aimlessly shopping workplaces, multi-celebrated shops, and the tremendous buildings that recommend shopping, unwinding, and dinners under one housetop. Different assessments have demonstrated that promoters get a kick out of retailing relies upon a significant volume at the unmistakable acceptable of provider gave through the store. Directing clear guide best strategy that the association needs to fit forecasts provider and saw provider to everybody exceptional, so shopper fulfillment is done. The paper moreover shows up at the varying guide great models and attempts to assess their general importance in assessing carrier best. Weighted midpoints and appraisal of vacillation are executed in material regions to have the decision to genuinely look at the clients' conviction closer to help splendid a fair way to deal with in the end contribute estimations for the improvement of the execution of the organized shops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent times E-Commerce is a great origin in the business world to reach the customers at their door steps. It is the act of buying and selling different things through Internet or through online services. As the importance of e commerce has been growing day by day everyone must know about the E-Commerce. In this regard the present article concentrates on the areas such as the beginning of e-commerce, its components and growth in India. It also concentrates on comparing e-commerce growth in India with developed economies. Data collected with the available books, journals, research papers, publications and internet information for this study. Through this study we can identify the drastic change in business scenario and customer buying behavior in last two decades. Right from barter system to doing business through electronic and online mediums we can observe a lot many changes. Three factors known as 'availability' 'affordability' and 'accessibility' influenced E-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fast development of facts and conversation technology, A tremendous increase in the number of online users has reactivated digital word concepts and spawned a new business phenomena known as cryptocurrencies to facilitate financial activities such as shopping, selling, and buying. ccryptocurrency is a web-based medium of trade which uses cryptographical features to conduct financial transactions. ccryptocurrencies leverage blockchain technology to benefit decentralization, transparency, and immutability. The use of virtual foreign money has come to be huge in lots of exclusive systems in latest years. This paper investigates users' confidence in interacting with cryptocurrency at a time when the use of such virtual currency is not entirely regulated. it identifies investors perspective, Government perspective, corporate perspective on cryptocurrency. it investigate State of cryptocurrency in India and global. And to identify which source is best for investing stock exchange or cryptocurrency. Aimed to study the challenges and uses of cryptocurrency in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present empirical paper deals with the concept of Financial Literacy, and the purpose is to validate a questionnaire to measure the mediation effect of financial knowledge and attitude on the effect of financial skills on financial behavior. In the present study financial literacy is measured and analyzed in terms of four elements such as financial skills, knowledge, behavior, and attitude on a 5 points scale with 33-item questionnaire. The data is collected from the primary survey conducted in KL University to measure the financial literacy in among working women. The primary survey is conducted on 217 respondents and has taken the same size as 142 by using Proportionate Quota Sampling Technique. Data analysis in this study uses Andrew Hayes mediation analysis model 4 and 6. The results show that there is no mediation effect of financial knowledge and attitude on the effect of financial skills on financial behavior but having partial mediation separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the entrepreneur's perception towards influence of Gati Shakti scheme on the operational efficiency of MSME's, as the Gati Shakti scheme helps in infrastructure development and improved Logistics which are considered as the key parameters for any type of operation or functioning in MSME'S to be carried on effectively. Convenient cum judgmental sampling method adopted for this study and 290 entrepreneurs running firms in manufacturing and service sector around various districts of Andhra Pradesh was interviewed with structured questionnaire The study results shown that 82%of respondents are agreed that Gati Shakthi scheme definitely helps for the growth and development of MSME's. The results also prove that entrepreneurs strong believe Gati Shakti Scheme definitely enhances inbound and outbound logistic activities and operational efficiency of MSME's. Therefore, the scheme helps in the development of MSME's and formation of new MME's, thereby developing the entire MSME sector. The government should complete this scheme within stipulated time by involving local governments in completion of the Gati Shakthi scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona virus has turned into a disturbing pandemic for our earth. Without any appropriate medication and immunization for the treatment of COVID-19, the Indian government forced a lockdown from March 24, 2020 to keep away from local area transmission of Covid in people. Specialists have believed that the current situation will keep on existing for the present and is probably going to cause more passing's, negatively affecting the generally hopeless state of the economy, general wellbeing, and business; causing a lot of trouble among individuals intellectually and genuinely. It has influenced all areas of the economy, particularly in the Insurance area. Because of the wiping out of movements, occasions, and other financial misfortunes, the Indian life insurance industry saw a gigantic misfortune. The paper expects todistinguish the difficulties of the Indian life insurance area emerging from the Covid-19pandemic. The adverse consequence of the Covid-19 is expansive and fast, however the drawnout results might seem, by all accounts, to be positive for the disaster life insurance. In view ofwork area examination of currentinsurance news, data & reports, we sort the expected effect of the corona virus for the life coverage industry and infer some broad ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the pandemic COVID 19, is being felt by the whole world and in all the facets of life. No single country or industry has been exempted from its affects. As per the WHO guidelines, social distancing was mandated and as a result lockdown was enforced in India for the sake of public wellbeing. None are certain about how long the pandemic impact will last on the global economy. Though work from home is not new to the IT sector, it is a very new thing for a lot many organizations which never had been a part of their culture. With the closure of schools and day care centers, working parents are encountering unprecedented situations which are resulting in stress. With all types of employees working in an entirely new environment, this paper attempts to identify if the job role and family are conflicting with each other while working at home and if the wide usage of ICT is resulting in stress. It also tries to identify whether the stress caused due to work family conflict and family work conflict is showing any influence on productivity of the employee during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a land of huge size of talented youth, an overwhelming majority being denied with opportunities, mostly due to financial constraints, thus not being able to prove their mettle in different verticals and show the world what they are capable of. In India, numerous things spin around mere discernments, while diving into detail it portrays a distinctive picture. It is a typical misperception that individuals dealing with large businesses make greater work and contribute heavily in nation building. But Small businesses in India play a significant role in taking a large number of people into jobs. It is the second largest sector after agriculture which engages uneducated and unqualified people. They are immensely contributing towards the socio-economic progress of the country. Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency (MUDRA, known as the brain child of the Prime Minister of India Sri Narendra Modi, is a new micro unit development and refinancing institution formed by the Government of India. The products provided by MUDRA were designed to meet the needs of the various sectors / activities as well as the market segments within the context. This paper, while touching the insights of the salient features of MUDRA, also aims to present the progress made so far in the southern states of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]