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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is a branches of computer science applications that develop system-related tasks performed by programs and mathematical algorithms providing computers able to learn with or without human intervention. The perspective of AI and ML includes looking at exceptionally expansive space if conceivable speculations to decide one that best fits with the watched information and any earlier information held by the learner for this purpose so many algorithms are used in different types. Artificial intelligence is something that will produce our lives easier by performing different high-level computations and understanding complex issues. This can be a straightforward definition of what precisely artificial intelligence has done. The paper presents the supporting ability of artificial intelligence and machine learning in different applications, such as education, smartphones, medical care, and space technologies. However, this review studies the present status of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence technologies applied to the above technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provided in this report are substantive summaries of the papers presented and discussions held at the Spring 1973 conference convened by EDUCOM, the Interuniversity Communications Council. The general focus is upon issues and obstacles related to the development of national computer networks in higher education; these networks have become more and more necessary due to increases in both the contributions and the costs of computers. Part I of the report considers the general question of networking, with individual papers dealing with the kinds of networks needed, the development of a national science computer network, and computing resource networks from the buyer's and seller's perspectives. Part II treats networking for disciplinary users, with specific presentations reviewing applications in transportation, chemistry and chemical engineering, economics, business administration, and medicine. Part III covers national and regional networking. Separate chapters discuss: 1) the Advanced Research Projects Administration Network (ARPANET); 2) the relationship between the states and the universities; 3) network instructional aides; 4) the datacomputer, a network data utility; 5) Project MAC at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and 6) regional networks as a basis for national networks. (PB)

The Chemistry Department at the University of California, San Diego, has 35 members, 20 of whom are experimentalists with either computers or plans to acquire one. Within the department there are turn-key systems connected to mini-computers or the department computer, an IBM 1800. There is little control over computers in the department and little standardization. The campus computer center is in debt, and there is political pressure to make greater use of this center. With a short supply of research dollars, it is important to utilize local existing facilities to the greatest extent efficiency allows. The objectives to be achieved are to promote the innovative use of computers in chemistry, to enhance turn-key systems to greater capabilities, to provide a consistent level of systems support--both with hardware and software, and to utilize the campus computer center whenever possible. (WH)

Computing at Stanford University has, until recently, been performed at one of five facilities. The Stanford hospital operates an IBM 370/135 mainly for administrative use. The university business office has an IBM 370/145 for its administrative needs and support of the medical clinic. Under the supervision of the Stanford Computation Center are three facilities: ACME with a 360/50 to provide computer support for medical research, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) has a 360/91, and the campus facility tries to provide flexibility for general use with a 360/67. There have been moves toward changing the facilities and administrative structure of computing at the university. With separate computing support for the hospital, clinic, and medical research areas, it was proposed that these facilities be consolidated to form a central computer center for medical use. SLAC also needed an expansion of its facility. In April 1973, all facilities were unified under a central administration and soon there will be just two computer centers, one on campus and one at SLAC. (WH)

The first topic of the conference was creativity. Papers delivered were Knowledge and Creativity by Theodore C. Denise and Hobert W. Burns; Potentiality for Creativity and Its Measurement, by J. P. Guilford; and Some Methodological Issues in the Study of Creativity by Robert L. Thorndike. In the second session, a paper on comparability of scores was entitled: Can Useful General-Purpose Equivalency Tables be Prepared for Different College Admissions Tests? by William H. Angoff. The third session dealt with processing educational data and consisted of two papers: Information Systems in the Educational Environment, by Charles R. De Carlo; and The Role of Machines in Education Decision Making, by Ralph W. Tyler. The luncheon address, entitled Approaches to the Measurement of Intellectual Disposition, was delivered by T. R. McConnell. (MH)

The ninth annual EDUCOM conference developed its theme along four major lines: computing for research; computing for instruction; management information systems; and the allocation of computing resources. Papers in this volume address primarily the organizational and political considerations (Parts II, III, IV, and V), and technological/economic issues (Part VI) relevant to the utilization of computing and networking in higher education. (WCM)

Proceedings of a 1980 workshop on industry/university cooperative programs are presented. Program presentations and authors include: "On Industry/Academia Relations" (T. Baron); "The MIT Liaison Program" (J. D. Bruce); "An Industrial Perspective of Academic Programs" (R. Fuller); "University/Industry Interactions through 'Centers'" (R. L. McCullough); "Industry/Academia Interaction in Polymer Science and Engineering at IBM" (J. Economy); "Observations on Industry/University Interactions in Animal Health Research" (D. C. Farrington); "Industry/Academic Interaction in Polymer Science and Engineering at Case Western Reserve University" (J. Lando); "Industry/Academia Interaction in Materials Science and Engineering at Rockwell International" (P. Cannon); "University/Industry Coupling: Philosophical Underpinnings and Empirical Leanings" (R. Roy); "Master's Degree Program in Computer Science Under Contract to a Large Electronics Firm" (W. H. Matchett); and "Philadelphia Association for Clinical Trials: Review and Prospects" (J. Schrogie). In addition, introductory remarks are presented by James C. Seferis, Michael Pelczar, Fred Betz, and Paul V. Tebo. The introductory remarks focus on the incentives and problems that may be anticipated in initiating and participating in industry/university cooperative programs. The majority of speakers and participants emphasized that in order to foster cooperative activity in research and education, it is necessary to institutionalize short-term and long-term communications between university and industrial personnel. (SW)

The material presents: (1) an overview of the Regional Conferences (2) a paper on Mathematics, Microelectronics, and American Education (F. James Rutherford and Joseph M. Dasbach), and (3) individual presentations on the Regional Meetings in Berkeley, Chicago, Newton, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. The meetings were designed to encourage communication between grantees and persons with an interest in computer use in education. The meetings typically lasted 1.5 days, and consisted of a mixture of presentations by participants and discussion. At a final wrap-up session in Washington, D.C., six interrelated issues were discussed which were viewed to have arisen consistently in the regional meetings. These were: (1) the need for a "new look" at the mathematics curriculum; (2) the need for software and hardware of high quality; (3) the need for support structures that will allow teachers at all levels to use computer technology in their classrooms; (4) the education of educators; and (5) the need for wide dissemination of information about computers and how they can be used in mathematics instruction. The document concludes with lists of the regional meeting participants. (MP)

With the recent growth and popularity of DevOps in industry, practitioner outlets, and publications within the areas of computer science and software engineering, the aim of this paper is to address the question, "Is Information Systems late to the party?" In hopes of shedding light on this question, the authors conducted a thorough and systematic review of the publications contained in the Association for Information Systems eLibrary to examine the current state of DevOps research within the area of Information Systems. By following guidelines established for conducting reviews of literature in Information Systems, the authors identified 42 papers containing the keyword DevOps or Devops. Further analysis of each paper revealed only six papers that directly addressed the topic of DevOps. The authors conclude that Information Systems needs to fully "join the party" and that DevOps represents a fertile ground for increased Information Systems research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main current threats for producing companies is the possibility of cyber-space attacks. Due to several reasons, industrial companies need to connect their plants over some kind of networks. Obviously, today many approaches from information technology (IT) exist which will greatly reduce the danger of attacks. Still, no producing company can completely rely on these IT solutions. This paper proposes a systemic approach to design processes and products for increased cyber security. This approach is based on an attack model and is explained based on an automated storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day's software reengineering plays a great role in the industry of computer science. There are a lot of different companies that runs different type of software's but most of them have old/legacy software systems. These systems need some improvements and reconstruct, but if we develop a new system for the specific company then that is much expensive, and a lot of risk involve in it. These different situations face, we are reengineering the software based on customer requirements and time demand, that is much helpful and low expensive. In this paper, we review different relevant papers and describe it in a definite way and show it that after software reengineering, software system will be more stable and reliable. In this also discuss the overall software reengineering process and their different interrelated steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travelling salesperson problem (TSP) is the most studied problem in optimization and computer science. A more challenging version of the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is the Multiple Travelling Salesperson Problem (MTSP). The goal is to find the shortest path, which is the shortest distance for each salesperson to travel from the depot to each city and return to depot. It is a NP hard problem and has various applications in routing and scheduling. There are various algorithms to solve MTSP such as exact solution method, bioinspired algorithms like genetic ant colony, evolutionary. In this paper we review exact algorithm and bioinspired algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to shed light on the effectiveness of using cutting-edge technologies, namely Quizlet, to enhance vocabulary learning. The case study focuses on the first-year Computer Science students (n=121) who were tested on some less frequently used lexis of A2 and B1 levels. Some of them were then taught these vocabulary units as well as some extra ones using the mobile application and the online platform Quizlet in order to be re-tested later, whereas the other half was simply given a list of these new words and expressions to learn on their own. Consequently, there are three stages in this experiment. The choice of this platform for these learners can be accounted for by the fact that Computer Science students are likely to get most of the information in the digital format and thus such an application is bound to enhance their learning experience. The results and conclusions have been made based not only on the second testing of the respondents but also on their own accounts of the degree of their satisfaction with the learning methods offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of Theoretical Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Combinatorics on words has contributed a lot and has a wide range of applications in cancer cell detection, pattern matching and fractal geometry. Motivated by the concept of word graphs, in this paper, construction of a Generalized k−Modulo Graph and Generalized Complement of k−Modulo Graph are initiated. Subgraph properties are analysed and also adjacency matrix is discussed. Finally, Spectrum of graphs are calculated and a comparative relation is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As more and more structured or semistructured data is stored and exchanged in XML format, XML mining becomes increasingly important, especially the study of classification of XML documents becomes more widely. Considering the disadvantage of the current classification of XML documents that based on structure and content, this paper presents an improved method called NM-Similarity computing similarity measure, which maintains an high accuracy rate when XML documents are similar in structure but different in content. This method is applied in KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) method for classification. The structure similarity between two XML documents is computed by using Euclidean distance, and the content similarity is computed by using Cosine measure. A better result can be seen when classifying XML documents which focus on content more (that is, XML documents are created from the same DTD and the structure is similar) and it is more effective on classifying XML documents. The experiments prove that when XML documents are similar in structure but different in content, NM-Similarity in this paper provides a significant improvement in improving classification accuracy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2021, Computer Science (CS) standards were officially added as a subject area within the K-12 Montana content standards. However, due to a lack of professional development and pre-service preparation in CS, schools and teachers in Montana are underprepared to implement these standards. Montana is also a unique state, since American Indian education is mandated by the state constitution in what is known as the Indian Education for All Act. We are developing elementary and middle school units and teacher training materials that simultaneously address CS, Indian Education, and other Montana content standards. In this paper, we present a unit for fourth through sixth grades using a participatory design approach. Through physical computing, students create a visual narrative of their own stories inspired by ledger art, an American Indian art medium for recording lived experiences. We discuss the affordances and challenges of an integrated approach to CS teaching and learning in elementary and middle schools in Montana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"There's never been a brighter outlook for young computer science students than today" [5]. Technology has been growing so drastically over the last few years, but higher education institutions do not graduate fast enough to meet the job market demands. Many industries and organizations have open positions that can't fill simply because they are not able to find the right person for it. Computer science graduates have some of the highest starting salaries and are in such a high demand that they can pick and choose the type of job and industry they wish to work for. This is because there has been a steadily increasing demand for bright graduates in all areas specially data science and cyber security. It's important for graduates to stay up to date with the latest trends in computer science research, gain hands-on and teamwork experience, and be good problem solvers before graduation. In this paper, we will elaborate the steps that should be taken by the institutions of higher education in order to graduate students with this type of quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A movement to include problem-solving and computer science in k-12 education has sparked significant interest in introducing computational thinking (CT). CT education is mainly defined as teaching and learning problem-solving skills. CT is considered a 21-century skill, and like other essential skills aiming to educate students as efficient members of the technology-dependent society, CT learning and assessment are associated with the use of technology-enhanced learning methods and environments. Although most researchers categorize CT skills into three groups, including CT concepts, practices, and perspectives, there is no consensus view regarding CT assessment methods to evaluate these three CT skill categories. Addressing this gap, we explored key topics in the computational thinking assessment (CTA) literature using a data-driven approach for topic modeling. We analyzed 395 articles in CTA literature and identified 11 research topics of CTA. We also performed a network analysis to explore the key links between CTA's identified topics. Based on the results from topic modeling, we presented CTA methods and categorized the assessment tools based on their assessment strategy and the types of CT skills they aim to evaluate. Also, the paper analyzes the identified assessment methods based on the purpose of assessment and the different types of insights they provide for the evaluation of CT skills. The paper discusses the advantages of new forms of CTA through technology compared to traditional assessment methods and provides recommendations for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph theory can be said as one of the branches of applied mathematics that is currently developing. A problem can be explained in detail by simplifying it with graph theory. This paper concerns with graphs that are used in everyday life as a network system to describe parts of a structure in order to make it simpler and easier to understand. The network flow system is then applied in many disciplines, including applied mathematics, computer science, operations research, management, and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing global awareness that increasingly powerful AI technologies are being developed which have the potential to reshape societies and institutions. ICT researchers and practitioners are under pressure to consider and reflect on the motivations, purposes and possible consequences of their innovations. Whilst it has long been recognised that technological innovations have social and ethical impacts, a gap remains in practice between ethics and social science research on the one hand, and computer science and engineering on the other. Few opportunities exist to incorporate ethical or social reflection into system development in order to design more responsible technologies. We argue that interdisciplinarity is fundamental to identifying pathways to best practice in the design and development of AI innovations - including their deployment in, and impact on, society. In this paper, we detail our experience of conducting an 'ethical hackathon' as a tool for the facilitation of the ethical design of AI systems. This non-conventional hackathon model draws on Responsible Innovation (RI) and places primacy on the the integration of ethics by bringing together a range of disciplines as a necessary part of addressing a design task. In an ethical hackathon, computer scientists and engineers collaborate closely with specialists from other fields in order to learn how to work together effectively to design more responsible technologies. Teams which include computer scientists, engineers, ethicists, social scientists and business students, complete a task that requires them to anticipate and reflect on the social and ethical issues that may emerge from an innovation, and also consider how to address these in their technical designs. Through a qualitative analysis we highlight the significant potential of the model to facilitate the ethical design and development of AI systems. However, we also identify several barriers to the success of the approach and conclude that in order to conduct a successful ethical hackathon, and engender a truly interdisciplinary consideration of the ethics of AI, careful design and management of participants' expectations is required. To this end, we conclude the paper by providing design implications which build on our experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Source code summarization -- creating natural language descriptions of source code behavior -- is a rapidly-growing research topic with applications to automatic documentation generation, program comprehension, and software maintenance. Traditional techniques relied on heuristics and templates built manually by human experts. Recently, data-driven approaches based on neural machine translation have largely overtaken template-based systems. But nearly all of these techniques rely almost entirely on programs having good internal documentation; without clear identifier names, the models fail to create good summaries. In this paper, we present a neural model that combines words from code with code structure from an AST. Unlike previous approaches, our model processes each data source as a separate input, which allows the model to learn code structure independent of the text in code. This process helps our approach provide coherent summaries in many cases even when zero internal documentation is provided. We evaluate our technique with a dataset we created from 2.1m Java methods. We find improvement over two baseline techniques from SE literature and one from NLP literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the current state and evolution of Computer Science (CS) and Information Systems (IS) research communities for the period of 2008 to 2019 by analysing Web of Science (WoS) core collection records. In order to compare and examine research outputs, the study period was divided into two time-periods. The first period included articles published between 2008 and 2013 and the second period included articles published between 2014 and 2019. Several analyses are presented in the scope of scientometrics regarding the (a) countries (b) historical occurrence-time (c) institutions (d) author collaboration (e) study topics-keywords (f) journals. This paper provides meta-analysis in different areas. We believe that our analysis results will shed a light for each area as well as interaction and intersection between both areas. As IS discipline and researchers we need to understand these intersections and interactions as well as understanding current trends in both disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the topic of introducing practically oriented thesis writing in the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences of Stockholm University. The paper considers both legal and practical aspects of introducing practically oriented thesis. The material is based partly on the literature study, and partly on the experience of supervising practically oriented BS and MS thesis in the department. The research presented in this paper is of the Action Research type. The paper introduces a rough classification of practically oriented thesis, and discusses problems that need to be solved, such as proper disposition, grading, and method-related courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented in this paper is related to the use of mobile learning to improve students’ engagement and performance. It is part of the Student Success Project at the University of Kent. The project aims to reduce the attainment gap of various cohorts of students and enhance their academic performance. Initially, mobile learning was designed to target less well performing students in specific modules. Later on, it was noted that all students could benefit from incorporating in-class mobile learning during the delivery of a module. This paper presents the analysis and results obtained by applying mobile learning techniques in a stage-2 (second year undergraduate) computer science module entitled Software Engineering Process. Mobile learning has been used in various contexts in higher education and it has been suggested that effective learning can take place when students work collaboratively in class using mobile applications. This paper presents the experience of incorporating one particular mobile application named “Kahoot!” to engage students in a non-traditional question-and-answer learning mode. As we will see, students feel that this format is more dynamic and interactive than traditional lecturing methods. In fact, students effectively reflect on what they have learned during lecturers and classes while answering well-constructed Kahoot! tests. Initially, tailored weekly sessions were delivered to support students in applying the concepts learned during the past few weeks of study. In these sessions, the focus is to practice concepts learned in specific lectures with problem-solving, and engage students in a collaborative learning environment that promises higher levels of interaction. The outcome of Kahoot!-infused sessions is studied by analysing students’ feedback in relation to Bloom’s Taxonomy. In addition, students’ performance in the assignments and examination of the targeted module have been recorded, analysed and contrasted with other cohorts. These initial findings show promising results, which encourage us to share the experience with other teaching staff to include using the tool in the delivery of their modules.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore the use of a visual representation to support the discussion of computational thinking and programming curriculums, for implementation in open and democratic education institutions. Several countries are implementing curricular elements from computer science in K12 education. There are several obvious challenges that this change needs to address (e.g. the lack of teachers with sufficient content knowledge). But at their root is a lack of clarity about and tradition for what needs to be learned. The process of forming these curricula can be challenged by 1) a lack of participation because inputs from many different people become overwhelming, 2) a lack of transparency, with respect to the decisions (such as demarcations and trade-offs) leading to the curriculum, and finally the 3) ambiguity surrounding the names and elements of the curriculum, leaving teachers with uncertainty about what specific labels and names involve, and complicating comparisons between curricula. In this paper, we take outset in a splitting of the process of creating curricula into two parts: 1) a mapping of possible/desirable competencies to be developed in a subject and, 2) decisions about which competencies to actually include in a curriculum. We use an existing map previously developed to show central programming, to discuss progression levels. Our work with negotiating learning progression suggests that this approach supports discussion among stakeholders as well as clear declaration of knowledge respecting the many relations between knowledge elements. We use this work to discuss how our division between mapping and curriculum design relates to and addresses challenges in the more well-known division between curriculum design and teacher decision making about what to prioritise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A question often asked and rarely answered effectively in the Computer Science Education field is "What is the best First Programming Language"? We find ourselves asking this due in part to the low retention rates in third level introductory programming courses. With the ever-increasing requirements for Computer Science graduates in industry, and the introduction of programming courses in second level schools worldwide, now is the time to answer this question with confidence. If we can set younger students on the right educational path early on, we should see better performance at third level. This paper discusses the implementation of two identical introductory 8-week short courses, one based in Java and one based in Snap. These courses were taught to Transition Year students in Ireland and data was collected on how they performed and around their opinions of the languages. The goal was to determine if there is any significant difference in the difficulty to learn either course. If a difference is present, then there may be elements of the language itself causing difficulty given that the courses were identical. From the results of this phase of the study, we can make some initial recommendations about favorable First Programming Language choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental health of young people is a growing concern for everybody and the need to understand how anxious and confident our students are is also necessary for their successful education. When educators understand the state of mind of their students they can begin to tailor the learning experience within their classes with this in mind which may result in an improved learning environment for their students. In this paper, we will focus on first year Computer Science students. Sometimes, as educators, we may forget that students taking introductory computer science might face a number of challenges. While all tertiary level modules should challenge students, there are often particular concepts that hinder student learning in Computer Science. These difficulties can lead to dropping out and as such first year Computer Science modules have one of the highest failure rates across all disciplines. With many students having no prior formal experience of programming, mastering core concepts can be difficult for early tertiary learners. This paper reports on a recent large scale survey that investigates the state of anxiety within first year Computer Science students. In addition, we investigate the confidence of their programming ability after they have completed their first semester exams. Using standard techniques, we aim to draw a relationship between anxiety, confidence and exam results. Initial results would suggest that there is a linear relationship between anxiety and confidence in their programming ability. This along with other findings provide valuable evidence to justify future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the potential application of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) in central securities depositories (CSD). The use of DLT in financial systems has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to increase efficiency and reduce costs. The study explores the current state of CSD systems in Albania and their limitations, and then investigates how DLT can be used to address these issues. The research includes a literature review of DLT and CSD, as well as a case study analysis of a specific DLT-based CSD prototype. The findings suggest that DLT has the potential to bring significant improvements to the functionality and security of CSD systems, and can enable new features such as real-time settlement and enhanced transparency. However, the implementation of DLT in CSDs also requires careful consideration of legal and regulatory requirements, as well as the management of operational risks. This paper concludes with recommendations for future research and implementation of DLT in CSDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, mathematical modeling has played a key role in many life applications such as computer science, physics, chemistry, and genetics. Actually, in this paper, our focus is on the classifications and the importance of mathematical programming and its applications in health problems especially the Mathematical Modeling of COVID_19. According to the era of the Corona pandemic, it has been using mathematical equations to employ mathematical programming in epidemics and the mechanism of spreading in urban areas. The solution of the problem is presented in two directions; the first was by graphic representation and the other by using computational software via the Python language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced programming skills are required for computing courses on merging topics, and students often struggle to develop these skills to solve complex problems. To address this challenge, faculty members provide additional lectures, practice sessions, and educational technology tools. This paper discusses the challenges faced by computer science students in developing advanced programming skills and explores the use of AI chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, as a support tool for learning. We study the engagement and effectiveness of ChatGPT in helping students learn advanced programming skills using two engagement learning frameworks (CIE and MELT) for evaluation. The study involves designing a computing lab exercise (design and code questions) for students to complete using ChatGPT and collecting data through surveys. The findings provide initial evidence that ChatGPT can be an effective tool for supporting student learning in advanced programming courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proxy caching is used to enhance performance of user access to popular web content. Many system uses multilevel cache for better performance. Multi level cache generally operates by checking the smallest level (L1) cache first. If miss occur in smaller cache than next larger level cache (L2) is checked. This paper will consider L1cache as primary memory and L2 cache as secondary memory of proxy server. LRU page replacement algorithm is taken into consideration. This paper proposes new way to enhance proxy server performance by arranging the cache content in some special manner. In this manner L1 cache is used to store their own web pages as well as references of web pages that are in L2 cache. That will reduces the Average Memory Access Time of proxy server. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Limited by the small keyboard, most mobile apps support the automatic login feature for better user experience. Therefore, users avoid the inconvenience of retyping their ID and password when an app runs in the foreground again. However, this auto-login function can be exploited to launch the so-called "data-clone attack": once the locally-stored, auto-login depended data are cloned by attackers and placed into their own smartphones, attackers can break through the login-device number limit and log in to the victim's account stealthily. A natural countermeasure is to check the consistency of device-specific attributes. As long as the new device shows different device fingerprints with the previous one, the app will disable the auto-login function and thus prevent data-clone attacks. In this paper, we develop VPDroid, a transparent Android OS-level virtualization platform tailored for security testing. With VPDroid, security analysts can customize different device artifacts, such as CPU model, Android ID, and phone number, in a virtual phone without user-level API hooking. VPDroid's isolation mechanism ensures that user-mode apps in the virtual phone cannot detect device-specific discrepancies. To assess Android apps' susceptibility to the data-clone attack, we use VPDroid to simulate data-clone attacks with 234 most-downloaded apps. Our experiments on five different virtual phone environments show that VPDroid's device attribute customization can deceive all tested apps that perform device-consistency checks, such as Twitter, WeChat, and PayPal. 19 vendors have confirmed our report as a zero-day vulnerability. Our findings paint a cautionary tale: only enforcing a device-consistency check at client side is still vulnerable to an advanced data-clone attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning software can be unfair when making human-related decisions, having prejudices over certain groups of people. Existing work primarily focuses on proposing fairness metrics and presenting fairness improvement approaches. It remains unclear how key aspect of any machine learning system, such as feature set and training data, affect fairness. This paper presents results from a comprehensive study that addresses this problem. We find that enlarging the feature set plays a significant role in fairness (with an average effect rate of 38%). Importantly, and contrary to widely-held beliefs that greater fairness often corresponds to lower accuracy, our findings reveal that an enlarged feature set has both higher accuracy and fairness. Perhaps also surprisingly, we find that a larger training data does not help to improve fairness. Our results suggest a larger training data set has more unfairness than a smaller one when feature sets are insufficient; an important cautionary finding for practising software engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the results of a large (+1100 responses) survey of professional software developers concerning standards for naming source code methods. The various standards for source code method names are derived from and supported in the software engineering literature. The goal of the survey is to determine if there is a general consensus among developers that the standards are accepted and used in practice. Additionally, the paper examines factors such as years of experience and programming language knowledge in the context of survey responses. The survey results show that participants very much agree about the importance of various standards and how they apply to names and that years of experience and the programming language has almost no effect on their responses. The results imply that the given standards are both valid and to a large degree complete. The work provides a foundation for automated method name assessment during development and code reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the design of a training compiler which is developed for the purposes of education in compilers and language processors in computer science courses. The presented compiler has the following main advantages compared to known training compilers used in various universities -- a simplified modular structure and the building of an explicit abstract syntactic tree of the input program. The modules in the compiler structure are lexical analyzer, syntactic analyzer, semantic analyzer and code generator. This separation allows students to effectively study the main stages of compilation - lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis and code generation. Building and visualizing an explicit abstract syntax tree helps students to understand the translation of the program into the compiler's front-end and make the transition to the compiler's back-end. The compiler translates a program written in a high-level language into virtual machine code. An interpreter to execute the generated virtual machine code is also presented. The presented design is compared to other known training compilers used in various university courses. The input language is procedure-oriented and is a subset of the C and Java languages, which makes it easier for students to use it. Language has enough resources to solve many practical problems. The input program for the compiler is a sequence of definitions of variables and functions. The language of the training compiler is strongly typed. Variables, constants and expressions are related to a specific type. Input-output operations require a certain type of arguments, arithmetic-logical operations are defined for specific types of arguments and type of returned result. At the end of the paper are presented the results of the work of the training compiler in translating a sample input program to code for a virtual machine. The results demonstrate the output of each compiler module - a token stream, an abstract syntax tree, and a set of virtual machine instructions. The structure of the presented training compiler can be used for different input languages in training on compilers and language processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is most valuable asset these days and required in all the areas and sectors. There are many subjects which are associated with information but among these most valuable and important is Information Science. Information Science is deals with the studies, reaching and research in the field of information and content. Initially only Information Science considered as important nomenclature for information solution and gradually it is also considered as a field for technological solutions as well. It is treated as broader than some of the fields viz. Computer Science, Information Technology as information management, further Information Science also considered as an interdisciplinary field of study. This field gradually becomes important and common in other subjects and sector. Therefore it is dedicated in development of other domain specific Information Science viz. Health Information Science, Geo Information Science etc. Information Science applications in the entire domain and fields are also noticeable viz. in the social sciences, physical sciences, bio sciences and so on. The rapid developments of Computer and similar technologies have started a new edge in existing Information Science field for its activities. The rapid growth of different technologies, methods, systems etc. aided Information Science and with other nomenclature. This Paper is talks about the background of Information Science including advancement of the field empowered by IT and Computing. Paper is also talks about the emergence of Information Science in Physical Sciences i.e. Physical Information Science with reference to the Quantum Informatics, Chemo Informatics, Geo Informatics, Environmental Informatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the poor performance of location in RSSI localization Algorithm, caused by the link between anchor nodes and node to be positioning, this paper presents a positioning algorithm, which chooses anchor nodes based on Link quality Select strategy (LS) in a wireless sensor network. The method combines LS which plays a key role in localization with Weighted Centroid Localization Algorithm. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that it raises the node ratio which can be located, and the accuracy of positioning can be well improved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Interdisciplinary studies require integration of principles, theories and practices from multiple disciplines. What type of domain knowledge will be applied more in such researches? Since scientific paradigms differ in fields, this paper takes computer science (CS) as a case and investigates utilization patterns of CS knowledge in articles from PLOS One with high interdisciplinary degree (IDD) by citation content analysis. Since scholars usually organize and indicate used knowledge in methodology, we study articles which cite CS articles in this section. After extracting citation content from citing articles, we identify the cited knowledge and analyse the type of cited knowledge. Experimental results show that: In the PLOS One articles which cited the CS knowledge, algorithm is the most used knowledge type and the most used object is random forests. Our study can be applied to understand how articles with high IDD use the knowledge from other disciplines in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the special type of syntax highlighting which is powered by combination of DEMO methodology (Design & Engineering Methodology for Organizations), BDD technique (Behaviour-Driven Development). Main contribution of this paper is the idea how to highlight business relevant code in IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) and notice a developer about the fact that important part of code base is edited. The proposal of the implementation encounters usage of code coverage technique and user stories derived upon DEMO methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of the first two years of a 5-year USDOE project designed to increase the graduation rates of students transferring from two-year (state) community colleges to major in computer science, computer engineering, or electrical engineering (CS). The initial two years of the project focused on the design and piloting of academic support components to improve student success rates in mathematics and computer science gateway courses that provide a foundation for subsequent success in upper division CS courses leading to an undergraduate degree. Working in collaboration with state colleges, this paper overviews the design and piloting of the project mentor support model including the project gateway course refinement component that provides the setting for mentor utilization. Discussed is the role of the mentor component in relation to other key project components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the new hot trend in computer science and information technology. IoT devices collect different types of data through a diversity of sensors. Today IoT data is very much valuable. There are two types of data transmission requirements - real-time or batch. Usually, the IoT data is unstructured and the IoT devices from different manufacturers format the data in different ways. This should be considered when the data is received in the cloud to transform it into a unified format to facilitate its further storage, processing, and analysis. A very important concern is to maintain data integrity and ensure security while transmitting the IoT data. The main challenge is how to store and transmit the collected information to achieve data aggregation. The current paper summarizes the challenges involved in the process of collection and transmission of IoT data. Specific approaches are proposed to address some of the communications challenges involved in the process of transmitting the collected information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a well established, large-scale distributed storage system, dCache is used to manage and serve huge amounts of data collected by high energy physics, astrophysics and photon science experiments. Based on a microservices-like architecture, dCache is built as a modular distributed system, where each component provides a different core functionality. These services communicate by passing serialized messages to each other, a core behavior whose performance properties can consequently affect the entire system. This paper compares and evaluates different data serialization protocols in computer science with the objective of replacing and improving upon Java Object Serialization (JOS), which has increasingly presented itself as no longer being sufficiently performant for encoding messages. The criteria for choosing a new framework are collected, analyzed and formalized. The primary motivation for replacing Java serialization for encoding dCache messages is increasing the general speed of message-passing and thereby reducing the round-trip time for user requests. Emphasis is also placed on schema evolution capabilities and framework usability. Approaches for generalizing (de)serialization speed and size measurements based on data structure complexity are introduced, criteria for measuring documentation, learning curve, maintainability and introduction effort are defined. Finally, several selected serialization protocols are evaluated and compared accordingly, concluding with a recommendation for a suitable JOS replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical Character Recognition is still an open problem in computer science. This paper explores segmentation of connected (touching/overlapping) handwritten characters through implicit segmentation and explicit segmentation. Explicit segmentation is achieved through rules based on background thinning and analyzing the contour hierarchy. Implicit segmentation is achieved through generating a dataset of connected characters and training a CNN. This research was inspired by the need to recognize math documents containing algebraic equations. Recognition of 72 characters (alphanumeric and math symbols) are achieved through the proposed methods. The scope of the implemented OCR is limited to maximum of two connected characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computational analysis of music has traditionally seen a sharp divide between the "audio approach" relying on signal processing and the "symbolic approach" based on scores. Likewise, there has also been an unfortunate gap between any such computational endeavour and more traditional approaches as used in historical musicology. In this paper, we take a step towards ameliorating this situation through the application of a computational method for visualizing local key characteristics in audio recordings. We exploit these visualizations of diatonic scale content by discussing their musicological implications, being aware of methodological limitations as for the case of minor keys. As a proof of concept, we use this method for investigating differences between the traditional sonata-form model and selected Beethoven piano sonatas in the context of sonata theory from the end of the 18th century. We consider this scenario as an example for a rewarding dialogue between computer science and historical musicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-to-Image Synthesis is the method of creating occurrences (images, animation) from a given text depiction. The text depiction is additionally combined, utilizing the discourse of the client. Image synthesizing has consistently been an eye-catching business sector for nearly ten years now. Blending pictures dependent on the depiction given by the client will be more client-driven than more frameworks created, which causes individuals to comprehend the impression of others. Text-to-picture Synthesis is utilized to create fake countenances - producing counterfeit faces that look practically indistinguishable from genuine individuals - Coloring pictures, MRI image reconstruction, and crime scene visualization. In this paper, we review the technique for text-to-picture Synthesis and its applications in different fields. These regions incorporate medical applications, Forensics applications, and cultural applications. Our work centers around giving a synopsis on quite possibly the most exceptionally encouraging areas of Computer Science for people and organizations keen on making an ideal world. We envision our review to acquire more significant and better applications contributing to the advancement of humankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning through construction is one out of five projects in our Center for Excellent IT-education (Excited - http://www.ntnu.edu/excited). A course called Game Lab has been run for several years at Nord University, and has proven to be motivating and engaging for most students. This paper analyses what factors students find important within the Game Lab concept when it comes to their motivation for learning. In the Game Lab course, students are put into a situation where they have to act as an actual game company, taking on realistic industry challenges, working with actual customers and having to answer to an executive committee on a weekly basis to report on their progress. To get good grades in the course the students have to prove that they are active in the team through clear tasks and responsibility descriptions, notes on working hours, weekly follow-ups, etc. The model challenges the students in many ways. As the model has proven successful, this paper looks into what specific factors, within this project-based learning concept, seems to increase and decrease the students' motivation and learning outcomes. Based on a survey for the students, teachers and external representatives, the paper looks into what factors are more important in the success of Game Lab as a learning activity, how it should improve and how it can make impact on other similar learning activities within other educational programs. From the research it was found that social element of working together, being given the freedom to work on projects that are perceived as interesting and relevant, seeing the finalized product, being able to specialize, constructive feedback and industry relevance as motivating factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis of resolving the problem of parking in Wroclaw according to P&R rules. The analysis uses software tools made based on evaluation model of P&R facilities location. The model was built on the basis of urban expert knowledge transformed into fuzzy inference algorithm. Fuzzy inference is commonly used in computer science as a decision-making tool of artificial intelligence. The proposed model of evaluation of the location of P&R objects in the first stage of the work was subjected to a validation process. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed by the survey of existing locations in selected Polish cities. The results are published in reputable scientific journals. It is important that the main advantage of the model is low cost and relativity of the analysis that can be done in a short time. Thanks to the use of software tools, high performance in the conduct of evaluations has been achieved, which allows for a quick examination of a large number of potential P&R facilities locations. In the paper, the authors focused on the model study of currently operating P&R car parks in Wroclaw and also planned and unrealized objects. The results of the analysis were compiled with other potential locations identified by the authors. The obtained values of the location assessment were presented in three categories: territorial indicator, public transport indicator and complete evaluation of the chosen location. Such an approach to the subject allows for a wider, qualitative assessment of the place. It is possible to designate the investment measures to be taken to improve the quality of operation of the examined car park. Especially it may concern the impact of the actions improving the public transport on the overall assessment of places. For example, there are locations with a high territorial index but due to the low value of the public transport indicator, the final location evaluation is also relatively low. The location near the railway traction gives them a lot of potential but the low frequency of connections lowers the final evaluation. With our model the effects of enhancing the quality of public transport for such locations can be easily simulated. Simulation studies can also be carried out in various aspects, also in the context of planned investment activities, such as e.g. the designation and construction of a new tram-line or an improvement of the quality of the access road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Systems is a core course taken by Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Computer Science students worldwide. In this class students learn the building blocks of digital systems and how to put them together to reach larger systems. For implementation purposes, students additionally learn a hardware description language such as VHDL to model their circuits, and then use FPGA chips, cutting-edge technology, to physically build and test their circuits described in VHDL. In this paper we address the challenges faced in teaching VHDL modeling and FPGA synthesis in such an introductory course, and then share our experience in teaching this part of the course. We explain the topics covered in class, we show our lecture slides as well as amount of lecture time to present them to students. Class performance has been encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Evidence-based practice paper describes a learning process developed and used in several STEM courses. Learning is a process unique to each individual and can be accomplished by watching, reading, doing, experiencing, repetition and even teaching. Learning according to [1] is a two-step process where the first step is to receive information and the second is to process. This study is an active learning method that combines these two steps in a repetitive process that encourages engagement and collaboration in the classroom. Memory related research has identified and confirmed the power of repetition on the recall ability. Repetition has a profound impact on the event related brain potential eliciting a longer recall period and has been reported to speed up the learning process [2,3,4]. In addition, paired learning combined with paired testing has been proven to enhance learning more than it would in paired learning combined with individual testing [5]. This paper discusses a pedagogy that combines the above mentioned theories. This pedagogy aims to maximize learning in within a short time frame. Students learn while creating questions and answers to these questions, preparing for the quiz, taking the quiz and finally grading the quiz. The students work with a partner or in a group throughout the process of the quiz. The paper also discusses the modifications done to accommodate for the change in a classroom size. It also gives the feedback gathered from the students while implementing this pedagogy in a small and a large classroom setting and what improvements have been done in addressing students' concerns. 93% of the students - found the process of creating the questions for the quiz to be helpful in reviewing the material learned in the class and the process of taking the quiz to be helpful in learning the material; 93% of the students indicated that they learned from their classmates; and 13% of the students preferred lecture only class. The project is a result of an international collaboration with professors from two different universities across three different disciplines in STEM including Civil Engineering, Computer Science and, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Slight variations of the method was employed based on the specific nature of the class. The project consists of the students working in groups to create questions and answers related to a topic briefly described in class. The questions and answers are presented in an online forum monitored by the class instructor for all the students to see. The students are then quizzed on questions from the pool asked by them online. The project was implemented in a range of class sizes from 20 students to 120 students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]